Relevant bibliographies by topics / Spermatozoa Physiology

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Spermatozoa Physiology'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Spermatozoa Physiology"

1

Aitken, RJ. "Free radicals, lipid peroxidation and sperm function." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 7, no. 4 (1995): 659. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd9950659.

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The cellular generation of reactive oxygen species was first observed in mammalian spermatozoa in the late 1940s. The field then remained dormant for 30 years until Thaddeus Mann and Roy Jones published a series of landmark papers in the 1970s in which the importance of lipid peroxidation as a mechanism for damaging mammalian spermatozoa was first intimated. The subsequent demonstration that human spermatozoa produce reactive oxygen species and are susceptible to peroxidative damage has triggered intense interest in the role of oxidative stress in the aetiology of male infertility. Moreover, data have recently been obtained to indicate that, although excessive exposure to reactive oxygen species may be harmful to spermatozoa, in physiological amounts these molecules are of importance in the control of normal sperm function. This review considers the dualistic role of reactive oxygen species and sets out the current understanding of the importance of oxidative processes in both the physiology and the pathology of the human spermatozoon. Extra keywords: human spermatozoa, reactive oxygen species.
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Ishijima, S., M. S. Hamaguchi, M. Naruse, S. A. Ishijima, and Y. Hamaguchi. "Rotational movement of a spermatozoon around its long axis." Journal of Experimental Biology 163, no. 1 (February 1, 1992): 15–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.163.1.15.

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The rotational movement of a spermatozoon around its longitudinal axis was investigated by two methods: by observing a spermatozoon attached vertically to a coverslip by the tip of its head, and by observing a spermatozoon freely swimming in a medium by means of ‘double-focal microscopy’, which yielded simultaneous images at two different focal planes. Similar results were obtained by these two methods. Sea urchin, starfish, medaka, human, golden hamster and bull spermatozoa rolled in both clockwise and counterclockwise directions, although there was a large difference in the proportion of spermatozoa rolling in each direction in the different species. The majority of sea urchin and starfish spermatozoa rolled in a clockwise direction when an observer viewed the cell from its anterior end, whereas the majority of medaka, golden hamster, human and bull spermatozoa rolled in a counterclockwise direction relative to the same observer. Moreover, some spermatozoa occasionally changed their rotational direction. These results suggest that the mechanism regulating the direction of rotation of the spermatozoa is lax. As rotational movement of a spermatozoon around its longitudinal axis is due to the three-dimensional component of the beat of the flagellum, the direction of the three-dimensional movement presumably changes as the spermatozoa swim.
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Rajalakshmi, M. "Physiology of the epididymis and spermatozoa." Journal of Biosciences 7, no. 2 (March 1985): 191–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02703587.

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Seubparu, Lucksanaveejit, Mingkwan Nipitwathanaphon, Wijit Wisoram, David Merritt, and Lertluk Ngernsiri. "Morphology of testes, spermatogenesis, sperm bundles, and spermatozoa ofKerria chinensis(Hemiptera: Kerriidae)." Canadian Entomologist 150, no. 5 (September 19, 2018): 594–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2018.39.

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AbstractThe filamentous spermatozoa of scale insects (Hemiptera) are highly modified compared with those of typical insects. Here, we investigate the morphology of the testes, sperm bundles, spermatozoa, and spermatogenesis of the winglessKerria chinensis(Mahdihassan) (Hemiptera: Kerriidae), a shellac-producing scale insect. Each testis contains two antiparallel groups of several hundred syncytial sperm bundles. In each spermatocyte cyst, 16 primary spermatocytes divide via inverted meiosis, resulting in 16 quadrinucleated spermatids, each having two euchromatic and two heterochromatic nuclei. During spermiogenesis, each spermatid produces two spermatozoa protruding out of the spermatid close to the two euchromatic nuclei and their tails then grow in opposite directions. In each cyst, the 32 spermatozoa form two sperm bundles lying in an antiparallel direction oriented to different ends of the testis. Each spermatozoon has three distinct regions, an apex, a filamentous region and a tail. The spermatozoa have long thread-like nuclear cores that occupy about one-fourth of the sperm body length, located primarily in the posterior half. At the anterior end of the spermatozoon is a translucent, swollen vesicle and a distal, densely-stained structure; a putative acrosome of a type not previously reported in the spermatozoa of scale insects.
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Wayman, C., S. Phillips, C. Lunny, T. Webb, L. Fawcett, R. Baxendale, and G. Burgess. "Phosphodiesterase 11 (PDE11) regulation of spermatozoa physiology." International Journal of Impotence Research 17, no. 3 (March 31, 2005): 216–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijir.3901307.

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Seftel, Allen D. "Phosphodiesterase 11 (PDE11) Regulation of Spermatozoa Physiology." Journal of Urology 174, no. 3 (September 2005): 1043–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(01)68504-5.

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7

Chaykin, S. "Non-fertilizing spermatozoa: Initiators of gestational physiology." Medical Hypotheses 23, no. 2 (June 1987): 153–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-9877(87)90151-4.

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8

Wang, Xiaona, Hua Qian, Xiaoyuan Huang, Jinjing Li, Jiayan Zhang, Nan Zhu, Hua Chen, et al. "UCP2 Mitigates the Loss of Human Spermatozoa Motility by Promoting mROS Elimination." Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 50, no. 3 (2018): 952–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000494479.

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Background/Aims: To demonstrate the function of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) in the regulation of human spermatozoa motility. Methods: Semen samples were collected from donors with either normal spermatozoa motility (normospermia [NS]) or poor spermatozoa motility (asthenospermia [AS]). UCP2 protein in spermatozoawas quantified by Western blotting. The level of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) was evaluated by MitoSOX Red. The activity of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in spermatozoa was evaluated by a JC-1 assay and the ATP level was monitored by a luciferin-luciferase assay. Results: UCP2 was expressed in both NS and AS groups, with the former exhibiting a higher level than the latter. Immunofluorescence analysis shows that UCP2 is mainly located at the mid-region of human spermatozoa. The inhibition of UCP2 by a highly selective inhibitor, Genipin, results in not only impaired spermatozoa mobility (P<.05) but also an elevated level of mROS (P<.05), suggesting that UCP2 is involved in the maintenance of the spermatozoa mobility, which probably is achieved by promoting mROS elimination. Furthermore, H2O2 treatment of spermatozoa increases the mROS level coupled with the loss of spermatozoa mobility. Unexpectedly, this treatment also has a positive impact on the expression of UCP2 within a certain range of supplemental H2O2, indicating the moderate mROS level possibly serves as a feedback signal to stimulate the expression of UCP2. Finally, the treatment of spermatozoa by an ROS scavenger, N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC),decreases the level of mROS and increases the curvilinear velocity (VCL) of spermatozoa, but the UCP2 level is not affected. Conclusion: These results suggest an UCP2–mROS–motility regulatory system exists for maintaining spermatozoa mobility in humans. In such a system, UCP2 fulfills its function by promoting mROS elimination, and slightly over-produced mROS in turn serves as a signal to stimulates the expression of UCP2. This regulatory system represents a new potential target for the discovery of novel pharmaceuticals for the treatment of patients with low spermatozoa motility.
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O’Flaherty, Cristian. "Peroxiredoxin 6: The Protector of Male Fertility." Antioxidants 7, no. 12 (November 24, 2018): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox7120173.

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The spermatozoon is a terminal cell with the unique purpose of delivering the paternal genome to the oocyte during fertilization. Once spermatozoa enter into the female reproductive tract, they count on only the antioxidant protection that they received during spermatogenesis and epididymal maturation. Peroxiredoxins (PRDXs), particularly PRDX6, are important players in the antioxidant protection and regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in spermatozoa. PRDX6, through its peroxidase and calcium-independent phospholipase A2 activities, plays a major role in the regulation of ROS to maintain viability and motility and allow the spermatozoon to achieve fertilizing ability during the complex process of capacitation. The absence of PRDX6 is sufficient to promote abnormal reproductive outcomes in mice that resemble what we observe in infertile men. Indeed, Prdx6−/− spermatozoa display low motility and severe DNA damage, which is translated into reduced ability to fertilize oocytes in vitro or produce a low number of pups compared to wild-type controls. This review focuses on the role of PRDX6 as the primary antioxidant enzyme that protects the spermatozoon from oxidative-stress-associated damages to protect the paternal genome and assure fertility.
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Fernández-Alegre, Estela, Indira Álvarez-Fernández, Juan Carlos Domínguez, Adriana Casao, and Felipe Martínez-Pastor. "Melatonin Non-Linearly Modulates Bull Spermatozoa Motility and Physiology in Capacitating and Non-Capacitating Conditions." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 8 (April 13, 2020): 2701. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21082701.

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Bull spermatozoa physiology may be modulated by melatonin. We washed ejaculated spermatozoa free of melatonin and incubated them (4 h, 38 °C) with 0-pM, 1-pM, 100-pM, 10-nM and 1-µM melatonin in TALP-HEPES (non-capacitating) and TALP-HEPES-heparin (capacitating). This range of concentrations encompassed the effects mediated by melatonin receptors (pM), intracellular targets (nM–µM) or antioxidant activity (µM). Treatment effects were assessed as motility changes by computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) of motility and physiological changes by flow cytometry. Melatonin effects were more evident in capacitating conditions, with 100 pM reducing motility and velocity (VCL) while increasing a “slow” subpopulation. All concentrations decreased apoptotic spermatozoa and stimulated mitochondrial activity in viable spermatozoa, with 100 pM–1 µM increasing acrosomal damage, 10 nM–1 µM increasing intracellular calcium and 1 pM reducing the response to a calcium-ionophore challenge. In non-capacitating media, 1 µM increased hyperactivation-related variables and decreased apoptotic spermatozoa; 100 pM–1 µM increased membrane disorders (related to capacitation); all concentrations decreased mitochondrial ROS production. Melatonin concentrations had a modal effect on bull spermatozoa, suggesting a capacitation-modulating role and protective effect at physiological concentrations (pM). Some effects may be of practical use, considering artificial reproductive techniques.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Spermatozoa Physiology"

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Brooks, Nicole Lisa. "Apoptotic markers in ejaculated human spermatozoa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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The role of male germ cell death in spermatogenesis is an important one as it removes dysfunctional or genetically damaged germ cells and is necessary to maintain an optimal germ cell to Sertoli cell ratio. The formation of the bloodtestis barrier requires the elimination of excessive germ cells and a surge of germ cell apoptosis occurs prior to puberty regulating the ratio of germ cells to Sertoli cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of four apoptotic markers on sperm from patients with various grades of fertility using flow cytometry. Furthermore, any correlations between the apoptotic marker assays and the standard semen analysis results were identified. This study compares early and late parameters of apoptosis with morphological features in spermatozoa in the same samples. The three sample groups were identified as: teratozoospermic [G-pattern] (n=26), teratozoospermic [P-pattern] (n=98) and oligoteratozoospermic [Ppattern] (n=36). Standard semen analysis was conducted on the semen samples according to the WHO guidelines. Four apoptotic marker assays using flow cytometry was applied in this study to examine the apoptotic alterations in ejaculate sperm. These assays included the Annexin-V staining for the determination of phosphatidylserine exposure, APO-Direct to identify DNA fragmentation, caspase-3 to detect expression of this active protease during early apoptosis and Fas expression. For the Annexin-V and caspase-3 assays, statistically significant differences (P<
0.05) were evident between the three groups. No significant differences (P>
0.05) were found between the groups with respect to the APO-Direct assay. A significant difference (P<
0.05) was found when comparing the teratozoospermic [G-pattern] group and the oligoteratozoospermic [P-pattern] group for the Fas assay. A strong positive correlation was evident between the Fas and the caspase-3 assays in the teratozoospermic [G-pattern] group. For the teratozoospermic [P-pattern group] the following positive correlations existed between the APO-Direct and the Fas assays, APO-Direct and caspase-3 assays and between caspase-3 and Fas assays. The only strong positive correlation was between the caspase-3 and APO-Direct assays in the oligoteratozoospermic [P-pattern] group. The presence of spermatozoa showing microscopic features resembling apoptosis has been identified in ten human ejaculate samples per sample group. Electron microscopy was used to identify morphological features of apoptosis in these human sperm samples. Classical apoptosis as observed in diploid cells could be identified in sperm and these included: loose fibrillarmicrogranular chromatin network, presence of vacuoles in the nuclear chromatin, membranous bodies within the vacuoles of the chromatin, partially disrupted nuclear membranes, plasma membrane protuberances and apoptotic bodies containing cytoplasmic vacuoles and dense masses. This study has confirmed that semen samples with abnormal semen parameters exhibit the presence of apoptotic markers in sperm. The identification of apoptotic markers on the sperm suggests that abnormalities occur during their developmental process, however, the exact mechanism thereof remains unclear. These findings may suggest that certain apoptotic markers may be an indicator of abnormal sperm function and possibly indicative of male infertility.
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Crosby, John. "Interactions between prostaglandins, phospholipids and spermatozoa." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/18806.

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Murray, George M. "Acrosome size and kinematics of human spermatozoa." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1131.

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Downie, Sarah Elizabeth. "Detection of chromosomes and chromosomal abnormalities in human sperm." Title page, contents and overview only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phd751.pdf.

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Bibliography: leaves 135-151. A study of chromosomal abnormalities and the localisation of chromosomes in human sperm, especially from men with TSD, using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The project entailed: 1. development of reliable FISH protocols, 2. determination of basline frequencies of aneuploidy, 3. analysis of chromosomal abnormalities in men with severe TSD and 4. assessment of the localisation of individual chromosomes within the sperm head.
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Burley, Lisa Marie. "The Effects of Miticides on the Reproductive Physiology of Honey Bee (Apis mellifera L.) Queens and Drones." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34584.

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The effects of miticides on the reproductive physiology of queens and drones were examined. The first study examined the effects of Apistan (fluvalinate), Check Mite+ (coumaphos), and Apilife VAR (74% thymol) on sperm production and viability in drones. Drones from colonies treated with each miticide were collected at sexual maturity. Sperm production was determined by counting the number of sperm in the seminal vesicles. Sperm for viability assays was analyzed by dual fluorescent staining. Apilife VAR and coumaphos significantly lowered (P<0.0001) sperm production and coumaphos treatments caused a significant decrease (P<0.0001) in the sperm viability. The effects of miticides on queens was examined by treating queen-rearing colonies and examining the number and viability of sperm in the spermathecae of newly mated queens. Queens from each treatment group were collected after mating and the spermathecae were removed and analyzed. Colonies treated with coumaphos failed to provide viable queens and were excluded. Apilife VAR was found to significantly decrease (P<0.0016) sperm viability. No significant differences in sperm numbers were found between treatments. The effect of miticides on sperm viability over time was also examined. Drones were reared as described, but the spermatozoa were collected as pooled samples from groups of drones. The pooled samples from each treatment were subdivided and analyzed periods of up to 6 weeks. Random samples were taken from each treatment (n = 6 pools) over a period of 6 weeks. The exposure of drones to coumaphos during development significantly reduced sperm viability for all 6 weeks, and caused a large decline in week 6. The potential impacts of these results on queen performance and failure are discussed.
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Van, Der Linde Michelle. "Gender selection: separation techniques for X- and Y-chromosome bearing human spermatozoa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85629.

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Thesis (MScMedSc)-- Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Preconceptual sex selection is an ethically justifiable process whereby X- and Y-chromosome bearing spermatozoa are isolated prior to fertilization of the oocyte in order to generate either a male or a female offspring. Although various separation techniques are available, none can guarantee 100% accuracy. There are various physiological differences between X- and Y-chromosome bearing spermatozoa which can be used to separate these two populations of sperm. For the purpose of this study, X- and Y-chromosome bearing spermatozoa were separated based on (1) their respective abilities to remain viable when subjected to adverse environments, including extreme pH values, increased temperatures and various hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentrations; (2) the ability of Y-chromosome bearing spermatozoa to swim faster and/or more progressively than X-chromosome bearing spermatozoa; and (3) the X-chromosome bearing spermatozoa’s increased size and weight when compared to the Y-chromosome bearing spermatozoa. The efficacy of live and dead cell separation through (i) Magnetic Antibody Cell Separation (MACS) and (ii) a modified swim-up technique was also assessed and compared. Changes in the sex-chromosome ratio of samples were established by double-label fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) before and after processing. Sperm motility (CASA) and viability (eosin/nigrosin) was assessed before and after each intervention. Ethical clearance for this study was granted by the Health Research Ethics Committee 1 (Ethics #: S13/04/068). The results indicated successful enrichment of X-chromosome bearing spermatozoa upon incubation in acidic media, increased temperatures, and H2O2. In contrast, Y-chromosome bearing spermatozoa were successfully enriched through a direct swim-up method as well as discontinuous gradient centrifugation. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the potential role for physiological differences between X- and Y-chromosome bearing spermatozoa in the development of preconceptual gender selection through sperm sorting.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Prekonsepsie geslagselektering is 'n eties regverdigbare proses waardeur X- en Y- chromosoom draende spermatosoë geïsoleer word voordat bevrugting van die oösiet plaasvind, om óf 'n manlike óf 'n vroulike nageslag te genereer. Alhoewel verskeie skeidingstegnieke beskikbaar is, kan geeneen 100% akkuraatheid waarborg nie. Daar bestaan verskeie fisiologiese verskille tussen X- en Y- chromosoom draende spermatosoë wat skeiding van hierdie twee groepe spermatosoë moontlik kan maak. Vir die doel van hierdie studie is skeidingsmetodes vir die X- en Y- chromosoom draede spermatosoë gebaseer op (1) hul onderskeie vermoëns om lewensvatbaar te bly tydens blootstelling aan ‘n ongunstige milieu, insluitend ekstreme pH waardes, verhoogde temperature en verskeie waterstofperoksied (H2O2) konsentrasies; (2) die vermoë van die Y-chromosoom draende spermatosoon om vinniger en/of meer progressief as X-chromosoom draende spermatosoë te swem; en (3 ) die X-chromosoom draende spermatosoon se verhoogde grootte en gewig in vergelyking met die Y- chromosoom draende spermatosoon. Die effektiwiteit van die (i) Magnetiese Anti-liggaam Sel Skeidingstegniek (MACS) en (ii) 'n aangepaste weergawe van die op-swem tegniek om lewendige en dooie selle te skei is ook bepaal en vergelyk. Veranderinge in die geslagschromosoom verhouding van die monsters is bepaal deur dubbel-etiket fluoresensie in situ hibridisering (FISH) voor en na verwerking. Spermmotiliteit (CASA) en lewensvatbaarheid (eosien/nigrosin) is bepaal voor en na elke intervensie. Etiese goedkeuring vir hierdie studie is verleen deur die Gesondheids-Navorsingsetiekkomitee 1 (Etiese # : S13/04/068). Die resultate dui suksesvolle verryking van X-chromosoom draende spermatosoë deur inkubasie in suur media, verhoogde temperature, en H2O2. Y-chromosoom draende spermatosoë is verryk deur middel van 'n direkte op-swem metode sowel as diskontinue gradiënt sentrifugering . Ten slotte, hierdie studie toon die potensiële rol vir fisiologiese verskille tussen X- en Y- chromosoom draende spermatosoë in die ontwikkeling van prekonsepsie geslagselektering metodes deur skeiding van X- en Y-chromosoom draende sperme.
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Rolke, Kristin Rose. "Localization of the CatSper1 protein and induction of hyperactivated-like motility in equine spermatozoa." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-3255.

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Aboua, Yapo Guillaume. "The impact of organic hydroperoxides and a red palm oil supplemented diet on spermatogenesis, sperm function and sperm apoptosis." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1523.

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Thesis (DTech (Biomedical Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009
Many environmental, physiological, and genetic factors have been shown to impair sperm function through oxidative damage. Oxidative stress (OS) arises as a consequence of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and/or impaired antioxidant defence mechanisms. The decline in male reproductive health generated considerable public and scientific concerns about the possible role of environmental contaminants. A better understanding of how OS affects sperm function will be beneficial as it might help in the design of new and effective treatment strategies to combat the problem of increasing male subfertility. Studies have suggested that antioxidant nutrients and/or medicines play a protective role in human health. Crude red palm oil (RPO) is known to be the richest natural plant source of antioxidants such as carotenoids, tocopherols and metalloporpheryns. The aims of this study were twofold: (i) To establish an in vivo animal model of OS by exposing rat to organic hydroperoxide such as t-butyl hydroperoxide (tbHP) and cumene hydroperoxide (cHP) through repeated intraperitoneal injections that can be used for studying these effects on testicular tissue, epididymal sperm and sperm function as well as male reproductive parameters in general. (ii) To investigate the effects of a RPO supplemented diet on male reproductive parameters and tissue in animals exposed to OS. In the first part of the study, male Wistar rats aged 10-12 weeks were randomly placed in groups and received standard rat chow (SRC) and water ad lib. Animals were injected intraperitoneally with saline (0.5 ml), t-butyl hydroperoxide (5µM, 10µM, 20µM and 40µM; 0.5 ml) or cumene hydroperoxide cHP (2.5µM, 5µM, 10µM and 20µM; 0.5 ml) over a 60 day period. In the second part, male Wistar rats aged 10-12 weeks were placed randomly in three groups and fed with SRC. Group 1 received no supplement while the food of groups 2 and 3 were supplemented with 2 mL and 4 mL RPO (in 25 gm SRC/day) respectively. Each group was further divided into 3 subgroups and injected intraperitoneally daily with either saline, 10µM cHP or 20µM tbHP respectively. This was done for 5 consecutive days per week over a 60 day period. Sperm concentrations, and motility, lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) activities as well as apoptosis were assessed.
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Hadjisavas, Michael. "Induction of mitogenesis and cell-cell adhesion by porcine seminal plasma." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phh1293.pdf.

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Includes list of publications by the author. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 103-123) Evaluates the nature of the interactions occurring between semen and cells of the uterus that occur following mating in pigs. Describes a novel ability of porcine seminal plasma to induce dose dependent cell-cell adhesion and mitogenesis amongst peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro.
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Gwayi, Noluzuko. "The effects of melatonin on the testis, epididymis and sperm physiology of the Wistar rat." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005366.

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Melatonin is a product of the pineal gland and is postulated to play an antigonadotropic role in the reproductive system of mammals. The reproductive system of non-seasonally breeding mammals is believed to be not as responsive to melatonin treatment as that of seasonally breeding mammals. Recently, there has been increasing support from in vivo and in vitro studies, for the hypothesis that melatonin has negative effects on sperm physiology, especially on sperm motility. High and/or low seminal concentrations of melatonin have been associated with abnormalities in human sperm motility and concentration. In this study, I examined the effects of melatonin on the testis, epididymis and sperm physiology, using in vivo and in vitro experiments, in a non-seasonally breeding mammal. Treatment, in vivo, with exogenous melatonin for six weeks did not inhibit testosterone production or spermatogenesis, nor did it affect the mass of the testes and epididymides at dissection, the concentration the morphology of speimatozoa. However, melatonin in vivo had a small, but significant negative effect on sperm motility and sperm motility index. In vitro incubation of spermatozoa Fith melatonin reduced the percentage (%) of forward progressive movement (fpm), increased the % reduction in fpm, reduced the vigor or quality of sperm motility, reduced the sperm motility index, and delayed and/or prolonged the transition of one pattern of sperm motility to the subsequent patterns. Melatonin increased the pH of the culture medium, and the increased pH, and the ethanol utilized as a solvent for melatonin, both negatively affected all the sperm motility parameters that were assessed in my study. The effects of ethanol increased with time, and the effects of pH increased with both time and increasing pH. Melatonin in vitro did not inhibit capacitation and the acrosome reaction, but it delayed the onset and the progression of capacitation and the acrosome reaction. These results suggest that while melatonin did not inhibit spermatogenesis in the Wistar rat, it may influence sperm motility. Therefore, the presence of high concentrations of melatonin in the reproductive fluids may inhibit sperm motility. With further detailed research, melatonin may have a potential use as a contraceptive drug.
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Books on the topic "Spermatozoa Physiology"

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Lejeune, Thomas. Human spermatozoa: Maturation, capacitation and abnormalities. New York: Nova Biomedical Books, 2010.

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Tibary, A. Theriogenology in Camelidae: Anatomy, physiology, pathology and artificial breeding. Rabat, Morocco: Actes éditions, Institut agronomique et vétérinaire Hassan II, 1997.

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Paul, Moses. Actions of pentoxifylline on spermatozoa kinematics: The acrosome reaction and sperm-zona interaction. Uxbridge: Brunel University, 1994.

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Gagnon, Claude, 1950 Jan. 12-, ed. Controls of sperm motility: Biological and clinical aspects. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 1990.

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Talebi, Ali Reza. Sperm nuclear maturation: A basic and clinical approach. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2011.

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Patrick, Fénichel, and Parinaud Jean, eds. Human sperm acrosome reaction: Proceedings of the international symposium on "Human sperm acrosome reaction, physiological and pharmacological induction and transduction pathways", held in Collioure, France, 7-9 September 1995 = Réaction acrosomique du spermatozoïde humain : actes du symposium international sur "La réaction acrosomique de spermatozoïde humain mécanismes d'induction physiologique et pharmacologique et voies de transmission du signal", Collioure, France, 7-9 septembre 1995. Montrouge, France: John Libbey Eurotext, 1995.

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European Workshop on Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology of the Testis. (4th 1986 Capri, Italy). Molecular and cellular endocrinology of the testis: Proceedings of the IV European Workshop on Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology of the Testis, Capri, Italy, 9-12 April 1986. Edited by Stefanini Mario 1916-. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica, 1986.

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author, Woodward Bryan, ed. Male infertility: Sperm diagnosis, management and delivery. London: JP Medical Publishers, 2014.

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D, Glover Timothy, and Barratt C. L. R, eds. Male fertility & infertility. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1999.

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10

Heide, Schatten, and Schatten Gerald, eds. The Cell biology of fertilization. San Diego: Academic Press, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Spermatozoa Physiology"

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EDDY, E. "The Spermatozoon." In Knobil and Neill's Physiology of Reproduction, 3–54. Elsevier, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-012515400-0/50006-3.

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Toshimori, Kiyotaka, and Edward M. Eddy. "The Spermatozoon." In Knobil and Neill's Physiology of Reproduction, 99–148. Elsevier, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-397175-3.00003-x.

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Huang, Zhongwei. "REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE HUMAN SPERMATOZOON AND OOCYTE." In Integrated Approach to Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 177–82. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789813108561_0013.

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Houda, Amor, Shelko Nyaz, Bakry Mohamed Sobhy, Almandouh Hussein Bosilah, Micu Romeo, Jankowski Peter Michael, and Hammadeh Mohamad Eid. "Seminiferous Tubules and Spermatogenesis." In Male Reproductive Anatomy. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98917.

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Abstract:
One of the major concerns of the world health community is the infertility. The definition of infertility according to the World Health Organization (WHO) and the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) is the inability of a healthy couple to achieve a conception after one year of regular, unprotected intercourse. Fertility complications affect seven percent of the male. The causes of infertility were divided to non-obstructive and obstructive. But, in almost 75% of male infertility cases are idiopathic with predominance of the genetic abnormalities. Numerical or structural chromosomal abnormalities are considered as genetic abnormalities that occur during the meiotic division in spermatogenesis. These abnormalities get transferred to the Offspring, which affects the normal and even the artificial conception. In the human reproduction, sperm cells are considered as a delivery vehicle for the male genetic material packed in chromosomes, which are composed of nearly 2-meter Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecule and their packaging proteins. This chapter points to grant a summarized description of individual components of the male reproductive system: the seminiferous tubule and spermatogenesis. Here, we describe step by step the structure of the testis seminiferous tubule and what occurs inside these tubules like cell communication and germ cell development from spermatogonia until spermatozoon. This book chapter is very useful for the biologists and physicians working in Assisted reproduction field to understand the physiology and pathology of spermatogenesis.
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Wilding, Martin, Gianfranco Coppola, Giuseppe Coppola, and Giusy Esposito. "The Physiology of the Spermatozoon and the Use of Digitally-enhanced Sperm Analysis in Predicting Pregnancy after Intrauterine Insemination." In Intrauterine Insemination, 313. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/12299_27.

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Conference papers on the topic "Spermatozoa Physiology"

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Selviana Joni, Maria, Paulus Liben, and Hermanto Tri Joewono. "The Effect of Mozart’s Music on Mus Musculus Balb/C Spermatozoa’s Quantity and Motility Exposed by Lead Acetate." In Surabaya International Physiology Seminar. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007335601980200.

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