Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sperm membrane

Academic literature on the topic 'Sperm membrane'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Sperm membrane"

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Reis, L. S. L. S., A. A. Ramos, A. S. Camargos, and E. Oba. "Integrity of the plasma membrane, the acrosomal membrane, and the mitochondrial membrane potential of sperm in Nelore bulls from puberty to sexual maturity." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 68, no. 3 (June 2016): 620–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-8748.

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ABSTRACT This study evaluated the plasma membrane integrity, acrosomal membrane integrity, and mitochondrial membrane potential of Nelore bull sperm from early puberty to early sexual maturity and their associations with sperm motility and vigor, the mass motility of the spermatozoa (wave motion), scrotal circumference, and testosterone. Sixty Nelore bulls aged 18 to 19 months were divided into four lots (n=15 bulls/lot) and evaluated over 280 days. Semen samples, collected every 56 days by electroejaculation, were evaluated soon after collection for motility, vigor and wave motion under an optical microscope. Sperm membrane integrity, acrosomal integrity, and mitochondrial activity were evaluated under a fluorescent microscope using probe association (FITC-PSA, PI, JC-1, H342). The sperm were classified into eight integrity categories depending on whether they exhibited intact or damaged membranes, an intact or damaged acrosomal membrane, and high or low mitochondrial potential. The results show that bulls have a low amount of sperm with intact membranes at puberty, and the sperm show low motility, vigor, and wave motion; however, in bulls at early sexual maturity, the integrity of the sperm membrane increased significantly. The rate of sperm membrane damage was negatively correlated with motility, vigor, wave motion, and testosterone in the bulls, and a positive correlation existed between sperm plasma membrane integrity and scrotal circumference. The integrity of the acrosomal membrane was not influenced by puberty. During puberty and into early sexual maturity, bulls show low sperm mitochondrial potential, but when bulls reached sexual maturity, high membrane integrity with high mitochondrial potential was evident.
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McCulloh, D. H., and E. L. Chambers. "Fusion of membranes during fertilization. Increases of the sea urchin egg's membrane capacitance and membrane conductance at the site of contact with the sperm." Journal of General Physiology 99, no. 2 (February 1, 1992): 137–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.99.2.137.

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The early events of fertilization that precede and cause activation of an egg have not been fully elucidated. The earliest electrophysiological change in the sea urchin egg is a sperm-evoked increase of the egg's membrane conductance. The resulting depolarization facilitates entry of the fertilizing sperm and precludes the entry of supernumerary sperm. The sequence of the increase in the egg's membrane conductance, gamete membrane fusion, egg activation, and sperm entry, including causal relationships between these events, are not known. This study reports the use of whole egg voltage clamp and loose patch clamp to monitor simultaneously changes of membrane conductance and capacitance at the site of sperm-egg contact. Measurements were made during sperm-egg interactions where sperm entry readily proceeded or was precluded by maintaining the egg's membrane potential either at large, negative values or at positive values. Whenever the sperm evoked an increase of the egg's membrane conductance, that increase initiated abruptly, was localized to the site of sperm attachment, and was accompanied by a simultaneous abrupt increase of the membrane capacitance. This increase of capacitance indicated the establishment of electrical continuity between gametes (possibly fusion of the gametes' plasma membranes). If sperm entry was blocked by large negative membrane potentials, the capacitance cut off rapidly and simultaneously with a decrease of the membrane conductance, indicating that electrical continuity between gametes was disrupted. When sperm entry was precluded by positive membrane potentials, neither conductance nor capacitance increased, indicating that sperm entry was halted before the fusion of membranes. A second, smooth increase of capacitance was associated with the exocytosis of cortical granules near the sperm in eggs that were activated. Electrical continuity between the gametes always preceded activation of the egg, but transient electrical continuity between the gametes alone was not always sufficient to induce activation.
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Miller, Jr, R. R., F. Beranek, A. L. Anderson, S. D. Johnston, and B. Nixon. "Plasma and acrosomal membrane lipid content of saltwater crocodile spermatozoa." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 33, no. 9 (2021): 596. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd21007.

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This study describes the chemical lipid composition of the sperm plasma and acrosomal membranes of the saltwater crocodile Crocodylus porosus with the aim of providing new insights into sperm physiology, particularly that associated with their preservation ex vivo. The specific fatty acid composition of the sperm plasma and acrosomal membranes is documented. The mean (±s.d.) ratio of unsaturated to saturated membrane fatty acids within the plasma membrane was 2.57±0.50, and was determined to be higher than a similar analysis of the lipids found in the acrosomal membrane (0.70±0.10). The saltwater crocodile sperm plasma membrane also contained remarkably high levels of cholesterol (mean (±s.d.) 40.7±4.5 nmol per 106 sperm cells) compared with the spermatozoa of other amniote species that have so far been documented. We suggest that this high cholesterol content could be conferring stability to the crocodile sperm membrane, allowing it to tolerate extreme osmotic fluxes and rapid changes in temperature. Our descriptive analysis now provides those interested in reptile and comparative sperm physiology an improved baseline database for interpreting biochemical changes associated with preservation pathology (e.g. cold shock and cryoinjury), epididymal sperm maturation and capacitation/acrosome reaction.
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Feitosa, Weber Beringui, Marcella Pecora Milazzotto, Renata Simões, Mariana Rovegno, Alessandra Coralo Nicacio, Aníbal Ballarotti Nascimento, José Sérgio Arruda Gonçalves, José Antonio Visintin, and Mayra Elena Ortiz D'Ávila Assumpção. "Bovine sperm cells viability during incubation with or without exogenous DNA." Zygote 17, no. 4 (June 16, 2009): 315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199409005449.

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SummaryThe aim of this study was to assess the effect of exogenous DNA and incubation time on the viability of bovine sperm. Sperm were incubated at a concentration of 5 × 106/ml with or without plasmid pEYFP–NUC. Fluorescent probes, propidium iodide/Hoechst 33342, FITC–PSA and JC-1, were used to assess plasma membrane integrity (PMI), acrosome membrane integrity (AMI) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) respectively at 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 h of incubation. Exogenous DNA addition did not affect sperm viability; however, incubation time was related to sperm deterioration. Simultaneous assessment of PMI, AMI and MMP showed a reduction in the number of sperm with higher viability (integrity of plasma and acrosome membranes and high mitochondrial membrane potential) from 58.7% at 0 h to 7.5% after 4 h of incubation. Lower viability sperm (damaged plasma and acrosome membranes and low mitochondrial membrane potential) increased from 4.6% at 0 h to 25.9% after 4 h of incubation. When PMI, AMI and MMP were assessed separately we noticed a reduction in plasma and acrosome membrane integrity and mitochondrial membrane potential throughout the incubation period. Therefore, exogenous DNA addition does not affect sperm viability, but the viability is reduced by incubation time.
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Belayeva, N. S. "Relation of the male gametes with embryo sec cells. The hypothesis of double fertilization." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 50, no. 1-2 (2014): 173–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1981.026.

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The sperms one after another get out of synergids. The front sperm gets the first into the egg cell attraction zone and then the sperm comes into contact with egg membrane. At this moment Attraction ceases and the second sperm is led by a current of cytoplasma to the central nucleus. In the egg cell the sperm nucleus is led to the nucleus by cytoplasmic current too. After fertilization the character of cytoplasmic motion changes, because of a cell membrane damage. The presence of the sperm in the female nuclei may also serve as a regulating factor.
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Tubbs, Christopher, and Peter Thomas. "Progestin Signaling through an Olfactory G Protein and Membrane Progestin Receptor-α in Atlantic Croaker Sperm: Potential Role in Induction of Sperm Hypermotility." Endocrinology 150, no. 1 (September 14, 2008): 473–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2008-0512.

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Progestin stimulation of sperm hypermotility remains poorly understood despite having been described in numerous vertebrate species. We show here that progestin stimulation of sperm hypermotility in a teleost, the Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus) is associated with activation of an olfactory G protein (Golf). Furthermore, we provide evidence that this progestin action is mediated by membrane progestin receptor-α (mPRα). Golf was identified in croaker sperm membranes and was specifically activated after treatment with the progestin 17,20β,21-trihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20β-S). Treatment of sperm membranes with 20β-S caused an increase in cAMP production, which was blocked by pretreatment with cholera toxin and two membrane adenylyl cyclase inhibitors: 2′,5′-dideoxyadenosine and SQ22536. Moreover, preincubation of croaker sperm with 2′,5′-dideoxyadenosine and SQ22536 resulted in a significant inhibition of 20β-S-stimulated hypermotility. Binding of [3H]20β-S to sperm membranes was decreased after pretreatment with GTPγS but not pertussis toxin, suggesting the receptor is coupled to a pertussis toxin-insensitive G protein. Golf and mPRα were coexpressed on the sperm midpiece and flagella and were coimmunoprecipitated from sperm membranes. Finally, expression of mPRα protein on sperm increased after in vivo treatment with LHRH and was associated with increased induction of sperm motility by 20β-S. These results suggest that 20β-S activates mPRα in croaker sperm, which in turn activates Golf and membrane adenylyl cyclase to stimulate sperm hypermotility. Taken together these findings provide a plausible mechanism by which progestins stimulate sperm hypermotility in croaker and provide the first evidence of hormonal activation of Golf in any species. Progestin activation of an olfactory G protein pathway, likely through membrane progestin receptor alpha, is associated with induction of hypermotility in Atlantic croaker sperm.
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Waterhouse, K. E., P. O. Hofmo, A. Tverdal, and R. R. Miller. "Within and between breed differences in freezing tolerance and plasma membrane fatty acid composition of boar sperm." Reproduction 131, no. 5 (May 2006): 887–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep.1.01049.

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The response of sperm to cryopreservation and the fertility of frozen–thawed semen varies between species. Besides species differences in sperm physiology, structure and biochemistry, factors such as sperm transport and female reproductive tract anatomy will affect fertility of frozen–thawed semen. Therefore, studying differences in sperm cryotolerance between breeds and individuals instead of between species may reveal sources of variability in sperm cryotolerance. In the present study, the effect of cooling, re-warming and freezing and thawing on plasma membrane and acrosome integrity of sperm within and between Norwegian Landrace and Duroc breeds was studied. Furthermore, the relation between post-thaw survival rate and fatty acid composition of the sperm plasma membranes was investigated. Flow cytometry assessments of plasma membrane and acrosome integrity revealed no significant differences between breeds; however there were significant male-to-male variations within breeds in post-thaw percentages of live sperm (plasma membrane intact). The most abundant fatty acids in the plasma membranes from both breeds were palmitic acid (16:0), stearic acid (18:0), oleic acid (18:1, n-9), docosapentaenoic acid (22:5, n-6) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6, n-3). The ratio of ∑ 22:5, n-6 and 22:6, n-3/∑ all other membrane fatty acids was significantly related to survival rate (plasma membrane integrity) of sperm for both Norwegian Landrace (correlation coefficient (rs) = 0.64,P< 0.05) and Duroc (rs= 0.67,P< 0.05) boars. In conclusion, male-to-male differences in sperm survival rate after freezing and thawing may be partly related to the amount of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the sperm plasma membranes.
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Aguas, A. P., and P. Pinto da Silva. "The acrosomal membrane of boar sperm: a Golgi-derived membrane poor in glycoconjugates." Journal of Cell Biology 100, no. 2 (February 1, 1985): 528–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.100.2.528.

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The acrosome is a large secretory vesicle of the sperm head that carries enzymes responsible for the digestion of the oocyte's investments. The event leads to sperm penetration and allows fertilization to occur. Release of the acrosomal enzymes is mediated by the interaction between sperm acrosomal and plasma membranes (acrosome reaction). Biochemical characterization of the acrosomal membrane has been restrained by a lack of methods to isolate uncontaminated fractions of the membrane. Here, we use new methods to expose the membrane to in situ cytochemical labeling by lectin-gold complexes. We study the topology and relative density of glycoconjugates both across and along the plane of the acrosomal membrane of boar sperm. Detachment of the plasma membrane from glutaraldehyde-fixed cells exposed the cytoplasmic surface of the acrosome to the lectin markers; freeze-fractured halves of the acrosomal membrane were marked by "fracture-label" (Aguas, A. P., and P. Pinto da Silva, 1983, J. Cell Biol. 97:1356-1364). We show that the cytoplasmic surface of the intact acrosome is devoid of binding sites for both concanavalin A (Con A) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). By contrast, it contains a high density of neuraminidase-resistant anionic sites detected by cationic ferritin. On freeze-fractured sperm, the receptors for Con A partitioned with the exoplasmic membrane half of the acrosomal membrane. The Con A-binding glycoconjugates were accumulated on the equatorial segment of the membrane. A low density of WGA receptors, as well as of intramembrane particles, was found on the freeze-fracture halves of the acrosomal membrane. The plasma membrane displayed, in the same preparations, a high density of receptors for both Con A and WGA. We conclude that the acrosome is limited by a membrane poor in glycoconjugates, which are exclusively exposed on the exoplasmic side of the bilayer. Regionalization of Con A receptors on the acrosome shows that sperm intracellular membranes, like the sperm surface, express domain distribution of glycocomponents.
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Spungin, B., I. Margalit, and H. Breitbart. "Sperm exocytosis reconstructed in a cell-free system: evidence for the involvement of phospholipase C and actin filaments in membrane fusion." Journal of Cell Science 108, no. 6 (June 1, 1995): 2525–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.108.6.2525.

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We used a cell-free system to study membrane fusion during sperm exocytosis (acrosome reaction). Extracted bovine sperm plasma and outer acrosomal membranes were labeled with chlorophyll a or DCY, respectively. The occurrence of membrane fusion is indicated by the ability of the probes to diffuse from one membrane species to another which is revealed by resonance energy transfer between the two probes. We have previously shown using this system that the requirement of capacitation for sperm exocytosis is retained in cell-free membrane fusion, and that the pH and calcium dependence of the cell-free fusion mimics those of exocytosis in intact cells. In the present report we further characterize the fusion of sperm membranes which we observe in our assay. Phosphoproteins and phospholipases were found to be involved in the membrane fusion step of sperm exocytosis. Protein kinases, phosphatases, and Gi-like proteins, while involved in exocytosis in intact cells, are not involved specifically in the membrane fusion step of exocytosis. The role of membrane bound F-actin in regulating membrane fusion was also studied using fluorescently labeled phalloidin. The results show that cortical F-actin has two roles in regulating sperm exocytosis. One is to form a scaffolding to hold phospholipase C at the membrane. It also functions as a physical barrier to membrane fusion which is removed by the increases in intracellular calcium and pH which precede fusion.
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Tarvis, K. M., P. H. Purdy, and J. K. Graham. "51 CHANGING ROOSTER SPERM MEMBRANES TO FACILITATE CRYOPRESERVATION." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 24, no. 1 (2012): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv24n1ab51.

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Cryopreservation damages rooster sperm membranes. Part of this damage is due to membrane transitioning from the fluid to the gel state as temperature is reduced. Some of this damage may be prevented by increasing membrane fluidity at low temperatures by incorporating cholesterol or unsaturated lipids into the membrane. Different concentrations of cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrins (CLC) and lipid-loaded cyclodextrins (LLC) containing 1,2-dilinoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine; 1,2-dilinoleoyl-rac-glycerol; and 1,2-dilinolenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine were added to rooster sperm to determine if they improved cryopreservation. Osmotic stresses when cryoprotectants (CPA) are added to the cells before freezing and when the CPA are removed from cells after thawing also cause membrane damage. To minimize this damage, low molecular weight CPA with high membrane permeability were tested to determine their effectiveness for cryopreserving sperm. Rooster semen was collected from several birds, pooled and diluted to 800 million sperm mL–1 at 5°C in Lake's Low Temperature diluent (LLT). Sperm were treated with either LLC (0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 4 and 6 mg mL–1) or CLC (0.5, 1 and 2 mg mL–1) for 30 min. The sperm were diluted 1:1 with LLT containing 18% CPA, resulting in final CPA concentrations of 9%. The CPA tested were glycerol (G), methylacetamide (MA), dimethylformamide (DMF), methylformamide (MF) and ethylene glycol (EG). The sperm were frozen in liquid nitrogen vapor and stored in liquid nitrogen. Straws were thawed in 5°C water and sperm motility and membrane integrity analysed immediately. Sperm motility was measured using computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) and membrane integrity was analysed by flow cytometry using propidium iodide to detect cells with damaged membranes. Data were analysed by ANOVA and means separated using Student–Newman–Keuls multiple comparison test. Addition of LLC and CLC did improve sperm cryosurvival rates (P > 0.05). Using G as the CPA resulted in higher percentages of motile (54%) and viable (58%) sperm than MA (47 and 52%; P < 0.05), whereas DMF, EG and MF resulted in less than 45% motile cells (P < 0.05). In conclusion, altering sperm membrane composition using CLC and LLC did not improve post-thaw motility or viability in rooster sperm. Although MA did not protect the rooster sperm from cryodamage as effectively as G, future assays will need to determine the fertilizing capacity of sperm frozen using these CPA. We thank CSU-CVBMS for funding support.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sperm membrane"

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Huang, Wenxin, and 黃聞馨. "Sperm fucosyltransferase-5 mediates the sperm-oviductal epithelial cell interaction to protect human sperm from oxidative damage." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/196485.

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Oxidative damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a major cause of sperm dysfunction. Excessive ROS generation reduces fertilization and enhances DNA damage of spermatozoa. In mammals, including humans, oviduct functions as a sperm reservoir which is created by the binding of spermatozoa to the epithelial lining in the oviduct. Interaction between sperm and oviductal epithelial cells improves the fertilizing ability of and reduces chromatin damage in spermatozoa. However, the mechanism(s) by which spermatozoa-oviduct interaction producing these beneficial effects is unknown. One possibility is that oviduct protects spermatozoa from oxidative stress. The hypothesis of this project was that oviductal cell membrane proteins interact with spermatozoa to protect them from oxidative damage. Due to the limited availability of human oviductal tissue for research, an immortalized human oviductal epithelial cell line, OE-E6/E7, was used as a study model. The first objective examined the effect of OE-E6/E7 membrane proteins on human spermatozoa. The extracted OE-E6/E7 membrane proteins bound to sperm head and preferentially to uncapacitated sperm. Pretreatment with OE-E6/E7 membrane proteins significantly suppressed ROS-induced adverse effects in sperm motility, membrane integrity, DNA integrity, and intracellular ROS level. OE-E6/E7 membrane proteins also increased the endogenous enzyme activities of sperm superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Sperm fucosyltransferase-5 (sFUT5) is a membrane carbohydrate-binding protein on human sperm. The second objective investigated the involvement of sFUT5 in sperm-oviduct interaction. Purified sFUT5 bound to OE-E6/E7 cells and anti-FUT5 antibody inhibited this interaction. Pre-absorption of OE-E6/E7 membrane proteins with purified sFUT5 or blocking of sFUT5 on sperm with anti-FUT5 antibody significantly inhibited the protective effects of OE-E6/E7 membrane proteins against ROS-induced damages in spermatozoa. Asialofetuin, a reported sFUT5 substrate, can partly mimic the protective effect of OE-E6/E7 membrane proteins. Sperm processing in assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment, including centrifugation and cryopreservation, has shown to induce ROS production and oxidative damage in sperm. The third objective investigated the possible use of OE-E6/E7 membrane proteins or asialofetuin as an antioxidant supplement during centrifugation and cryopreservation. No adverse effect on sperm functions was detected by centrifugation using our centrifugation protocols. OE-E6/E7 membrane proteins or asialofetuin pretreatment suppressed the cryopreservation-induced damage on sperm in terms of motility and DNA fragmentation. The fourth objective aimed to identify the sFUT5-interacting proteins from OE-E6/E7 membrane extracts. By using immuno-affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis, cell adhesion molecule 4 (CADM4) was identified as a potential sFUT5-interacting protein. This result was further supported by co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescent staining and immunohistochemistry. CADM4 expression level was shown to be higher at follicular phase when compared to luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. In conclusion, this thesis demonstrated that oviductal epithelial cell membrane proteins bind to the human spermatozoa and protect them from ROS-induced damages in terms of motility, membrane integrity, and DNA integrity. sFUT5 mediates the spermatozoon-oviductal epithelial cell interaction and the beneficial effects of such interaction on the fertilizing ability of spermatozoa. Results from this study provide the potential use of sFUT5-interacting proteins to enhance the fertilization ability of human spermatozoa by protecting them from oxidative stress.
published_or_final_version
Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Sartini, Becky Lynn. "Characterization of boar sperm plasma membrane candidate oocyte membrane fusion proteins and investigation of oocyte membrane binding sites in boar sperm populations /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2002. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Detmar, Jacqueline. "Studies on putative sex chromosome-specific antigens of bovine sperm membrane." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0016/MQ47320.pdf.

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Richmond, Alissa Gale. "Sperm-Oocyte Membrane Interactions during Fertilization in the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans." W&M ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539624377.

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Fortuin, Kay Arlene. "Analyses of spermatozoa surface proteins using different separation techniques." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4607.

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Magister Scientiae (Medical Bioscience) - MSc(MBS)
Passage of spermatozoa through the female reproductive tract is essential for the regulation of fertilization, ensuring that healthy sperm reach the oocyte. Previous studies were devoted to morphological selection of sperm cells by the cervical mucus. However, research prove that the loss of integrity of the sperm plasma membrane is associated with infertile men, irrespective of their normal semen parameters. This indicates that the sperm plasma membrane plays an important role in fertilization. Further studies indicated that sperm surface proteins assist penetration through the female reproductive tract and would therefore provide useful insight in understanding other factors associated with male infertility. The aim of this project was to determine if there are any differences between sperm surface proteins of fertile donor samples in relation to infertile patient samples using different separation techniques and different detergents. Three different sperm separation techniques were employed, including wash, swim-up (SU) and Percoll density gradient centrifugation (DGC).Parallel to this, the deoxy-ribose nucleic acid (DNA) fragmentation of these cells were analysed for comparison of the extent of DNA damage induced due to different separation techniques used. This provided evidence that the best separation technique is the DGC as it minimises the amount of DNA fragmentation caused. Four different detergents were used in the process of extracting the membrane proteins from spermatozoa, namely sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), saponin,cetyl-trimethyl-ammonium bromide (CTAB), and TWEEN-20. The membrane proteins were then separated on a12% SDS poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), and analysed by Coomassie blue and silver staining techniques as well as densitometry. Due to the different chemical nature of the detergents that extracted different surface proteins, CTAB (cationic) and SDS (anionic) extracted the most because of its strong solubilising abilities as non-ionic detergents. Common proteins that were extracted in donor samples included; 115, 92.5, 89, 61, 55.5, 51.5, 47, 44.5, 43, 38.5, 34 and 28 kDa proteins. In patients, commonly occurring proteins included; 92.5, 74.5, 70, 60.5, 51.5, 50, 44.5, 43, 36, 29.5, and 25.5 kDa proteins. Marked differences were found between membrane proteins extracted from donor samples in comparison to patient samples. Identification of these proteins was done using the SwissProt database and a literature search. Mostly non-genomic progesterone receptors were identified; others included oestrogen receptor, a phosphotyrosyl protein, P34H, equatorial segment protein, mannose lectin receptor, human guanylylcyclase receptor, epididymal protease inhibitor receptor, PH30 and estradiol binding protein. The function of the membrane surface proteins identified in this study plays a vital role in fertilization. A few of these functions include sperm attachment and binding to the oocyte as well as penetration thereof. Others play a role in signalling events such as capacitation, hyperactivation and acrosome reaction. The absence of these proteins in patient sperm possibly accounts for the functional inability to successfully achieve fertilization suggesting that this provides molecular insight to reasons for infertility amongst men. In addition to this, proteins presented by patient samples that were absent in healthy donors may too account for their infertility status. Estradiol binding protein and PH30 are two proteins presented only in patient samples. Their function plays a role in the inhibition of the acrosome reaction and sperm-egg fusion, respectively. In conclusion, these differences in protein expression between fertile donors and patients may form the molecular basis of infertility amongst men and indicates possibilities for novel proteonomic approaches to improve andrological diagnosis in future.
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Vicente, Carrillo Alejandro. "Sperm Membrane Channels, Receptors and Kinematics : Using boar spermatozoa for drug toxicity screening." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelningen för kliniska vetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-131862.

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Internal fertilization usually implies that a spermatozoon, with intact attributes for zygote formation, passes all hurdles during its transport through the female genitalia and reaches the oocyte. During this journey, millions to billions of other spermatozoa perish. Spermatozoa are highly differentiated motile cells without synthetic capabilities. They generate energy via glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation to sustain motility and to maintain the stability and functionality of their plasma membrane. In vivo, they spend their short lifespan bathing in female genital tract fluids of different origins, or are in vitro exposed to defined media during diverse sperm handling i.e. extension, cryopreservation, in vitro fertilization, etc. Being excitable cells, spermatozoa respond in vivo to various stimuli during pre-fertilization (capacitation, hyperactivation, oocyte location) and fertilization (acrosome reaction, interaction with the oocyte) events, mediated via diverse membrane ion-conducting channels and ligand-gated receptors. The present Thesis has mapped the presence and reactivity (sperm intactness and kinematics) of selected receptors, water and ion channels in ejaculated boar spermatozoa. The final aim was to find a relevant alternative cell type for in vitro bioassays that could ease the early scrutiny of candidate drugs as well as decreasing our needs for experimental animals according to the 3R principles. Spermatozoa are often extended, cooled and thawed to warrant their availability as fertile gametes for breeding or in vitro testing. Such manipulations stress the cells via osmotic variations and hence spermatozoa need to maintain membrane intactness by controlling the exchange of water and the common cryoprotectant glycerol, via aquaporins (AQPs). Both AQPs-7 and -9 were studied for membrane domain changes in cauda- and ejaculated spermatozoa (un-processed, extended, chilled or frozen-thawed). While AQP-9 maintained location through source and handling, thawing of ejaculated spermatozoa clearly relocated the labelling of AQP-7, thus appearing as a relevant marker for non-empirical studies of sperm cryopreservation. Alongside water, spermatozoa interact with calcium (Ca2+) via the main Ca2+ sperm channel CatSper. Increments in intracellular Ca2+ initiate motility hyperactivation and the acrosome reaction. The four subunits of the CatSper channel were present in boar spermatozoa, mediating changes in sperm motility under in vitro capacitation-inducing conditions (increased extracellular Ca2+ availability and bicarbonate) or challenge by the CatSper antagonists mibefradil and NNC 55-0396. Uterine and oviduct fluids are richest in endogenous opioids as β-endorphins during mating and ovulation. Both μ- and δ- opioid receptors were present in boar spermatozoa modulating sperm motility, as in vitro challenge with known agonists (μ: morphine; δ: DPDPE and κ: U 50488) and antagonists (μ: naloxone; δ: naltrindole and κ: nor-binaltrorphimine) showed that the μ-opioid receptor maintained or increased motility while the δ-opioid receptor mediated decreased motility over time. Finally, boar spermatozoa depicted dose-response effects on sperm kinematics and mitochondrial potential following in vitro challenge with 130 pharmacological drugs and toxic compounds as well as with eight known mito-toxic compounds. In conclusion, boar spermatozoa expressing functional water (AQPs-7 and -9) and ion (CatSper 1-4) channels as well as μ- and δ-opioid receptors are able to adapt to stressful environmental variations, capacitation and pharmacological compounds and drug components. Ejaculated sperm suspensions are easily and painlessly obtained from breeding boars, and are suitable biosensors for in vitro drug-induced testing, complying with the 3R principles of reduction and replacement of experimental animals, during early toxicology screening.
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Slabbert, Marisa. "Investigating alternative sperm preservation methods for assisted reproductive technologies." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/40838.

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Introduction: Cryopreservation of human sperm is considered a routine practice in assisted reproduction laboratories. Semen samples are mainly cryopreserved as a back-up for procedures, donor sperm, and validation of samples from human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients. Human immunodeficiency virus semen samples generally result in a low yield of purified spermatozoa after decontamination. These samples need to be cryopreserved for later use. Unlike conventional cryopreservation, vitrification does not use harmful cryoprotectants, thereby potentially reducing sperm damage. Vitrification is not yet common practice for sperm cryopreservation in assisted reproduction. The aim of this study was to establish the feasibility of utilising vitrification as an alternative to current conventional cryopreservation of spermatozoa. Methods: Semen samples were collected from human immunodeficiency virus-negative patients seeking diagnostic assistance from the unit. All samples were processed according to the unit’s standard protocol. For Study 1A (n=10) washed samples were divided and cryopreserved using three different cryopreservation media, and two different freezing protocols. In Study 1B (n=15), washed samples were divided and preserved using cryoprotectant-free vitrification in 100 μl, 300 μl and 500 μl volumes. For Study 2 (n=35) washed samples were split and cryopreserved using cryoprotectant-free vitrification (utilizing the volume that resulted in the highest quality spermatozoa in Study 1B) and conventional slow freezing (using the medium and protocol that resulted in superior quality spermatozoa in Study 1A). Post thawing, motility and kinetic parameters (Studies 1 and 2), viability (Study 1), mitochondrial membrane potential (Study 2), and DNA fragmentation (Study 2) of the two groups were compared. vi Results: Study 1A indicated that cryopreserving spermatozoa using Freezing Medium resulted in the highest quality spermatozoa with regards to motility and viability (p<0.05). Comparing the two preservation protocols, no conclusion could be reached on which protocol yielded superior results (p>0.05). The RBL freezing method is shorter, simpler and requires less equipment, and was therefore deemed the preferred method. Study 1B showed that the larger vitrification volumes (300 μl and 500 μl) yielded better spermatozoa in terms of motility and viability (p<0.05). No significant difference was observed with respect to the 300 μl and 500 μl vitrification volume groups. For practical reasons, 300 μl volumes will provide sufficient sperm for any procedure and, the intermediate volume ensures that more than one straw can be preserved. Study 2 found that cryoprotectant-free vitrification resulted in spermatozoa with significantly higher mitochondrial membrane potential and significantly lower apoptosis post thawing (p<0.05). Discussion: Conventional cryopreservation methods may compromise various sperm parameters and final yield. In this study, cryopreservation and cryoprotectant-free vitrification had equivalent outcomes with respect to sperm motility. However, the latter method yielded superior results in terms of ΔΨ and DNA sperm fragmentation. In conclusion, vitrification is an easy, rapid and more affordable technique that requires no special equipment. Using vitrification for purified sperm samples of patients could potentially result in a better post thaw quality for ART procedures.
Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
gm2014
Obstetrics and Gynaecology
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Fußhöller, David [Verfasser]. "The voltage‐gated H+ channel Hv1 and the plasma‐membrane Ca2+ ATPase PMCA4 in human sperm / David Fußhöller." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1113688157/34.

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Yuen, Chung-yat. "Effects of secretions from ampullary gland and ventral prostate on the sperm plasma membrane of golden hamster (mesocricetus auratus) /." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13447488.

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Blässe, Anne-Kathrin [Verfasser]. "Effects of cryopreservation on osmotic membrane properties, intracellular ion distribution, and ion channels of bovine sperm / Anne-Kathrin Blässe." Hannover : Bibliothek der Tierärztlichen Hochschule Hannover, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1024339556/34.

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Books on the topic "Sperm membrane"

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Boitano, Scott Anthony. Regulation of trout sperm motility: Evaluation of swimming parameters and the role of membrane potential, pH, and Ca⁺⁺ in activation and regulation of motility. 1991.

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1929-, Sinowatz Fred, ed. Cytochemical analysis of mammalian sperm membranes. Stuttgart: Fischer, 1989.

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Cytochemical Analysis of Mammalian Sperm Membranes (Progress in Histochemistry and Cytochemistry). Lubrecht & Cramer, Limited, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sperm membrane"

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Toshimori, Kiyotaka. "Dynamics of the membrane system." In Dynamics of the Mammalian Sperm Head, 53–70. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89979-2_8.

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Hamilton, David W., John C. Wenstrom, and Alison Moore. "Characterization of a Sperm Membrane Glycoprotein." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 121–29. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5209-9_5.

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Wei, Yau-Huei, Yu-Huey Huang, and Ching-Her Lin. "Biochemical Characterization of Boar Sperm Cytochrome Oxidase." In Advances in Membrane Biochemistry and Bioenergetics, 203–17. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8640-7_20.

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Kumar, Pradeep, N. Srivastava, Megha Pande, J. K. Prasad, and A. S. Sirohi. "Evaluating Sperm Cell Viability and Membrane Integrity." In Protocols in Semen Biology (Comparing Assays), 57–71. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5200-2_6.

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O’Rand, Michael G., Jeffrey E. Welch, and Susan J. Fisher. "Sperm Membrane and Zona Pellucida Interactions during Fertilization." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 131–44. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5209-9_6.

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Sánchez, Gladis, and Gustavo Blanco. "Na, K-ATPase α4: An Isoform Dedicated to Sperm Function." In Regulation of Membrane Na+-K+ ATPase, 77–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24750-2_5.

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Miyado, Kenji, Kenji Yamatoya, Woojin Kang, and Natsuko Kawano. "Regulation of Sperm-Egg Fusion at the Plasma Membrane." In Diversity and Commonality in Animals, 549–68. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56609-0_26.

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Gupta, G. S. "Fibrous Sheath, Dense Fibers, and Plasma Membrane of Sperm." In Proteomics of Spermatogenesis, 695–720. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-27655-6_29.

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Darszon, A., J. García-Soto, A. Liévano, J. A. Sánchez, and A. D. Islas-Trejo. "Ionic Channels in the Plasma Membrane of Sea Urchin Sperm." In Ionic Channels in Cells and Model Systems, 291–305. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5077-4_19.

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Ramu, Sivakumar, and Rajasingam S. Jeyendran. "The Hypo-osmotic Swelling Test for Evaluation of Sperm Membrane Integrity." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 21–25. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-038-0_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Sperm membrane"

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Alapati, Raghava, Kelly Goff, Hans-Michael Kubisch, and Ram V. Devireddy. "Comparative Freezing Response of Ejaculated and Epididymal Rhesus Monkey Sperm." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-192692.

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In the present study, we report the effects of cooling ejaculated and epididymal rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) sperm in the presence of extracellular. Water transport data during freezing of ejaculated and epididymal sperm cell suspensions were obtained at a cooling rate of 20 °C/min in the absence of any cryoprotective agents. Additional water transport data was obtained from ejaculated sperm at a cooling of 5 °C/min without CPAs and at 20 °C/min in the presence of 0.7M of glycerol, as well. Using previously published values, the bovine sperm cell was modeled as a cylinder of length 73.83 μm and a radius of 0.32 μm with an osmotically inactive cell volume, Vb, of 0.772Vo, where Vo is the isotonic cell volume. The subzero water transport response is analyzed to determine the variables governing the rate of water loss during cooling of bovine spermatozoa, i.e. the membrane permeability parameters (reference membrane permeability, Lpg and activation energy, ELp). The predicted best-fit permeability parameters ranged from, Lpg = 0.0023 to 0.0029 μm/min-atm and ELp = 10.6 to 45.5 kcal/mol. The subzero water transport response and consequently the subzero water transport parameters are not significantly different between the ejaculated and epididymal macaque spermatozoa under corresponding cooling conditions.
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Alapati, Raghava, Michael Stout, Robert A. Godke, and Ram V. Devireddy. "Comparative Freezing Response of Ejaculated and Epididymal Bovine Spermatozoa." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-192329.

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In the present study, we report the effects of cooling ejaculated and epididymal bovine sperm from the same animals with and without a cryoprotective agent, glycerol. Water transport data during freezing of ejaculated and epididymal bovine sperm cell suspensions were obtained at a cooling rate of 20 °C/min under two different conditions: i) in the absence of cryoprotective agents, CPAs; and ii) in the presence of 0.7 M glycerol. Using previously published values, the bovine sperm cell was modeled as a cylinder of length 39.8 μm and a radius of 0.4 μm with an osmotically inactive cell volume, Vb, of 0.61Vo, where Vo is the isotonic cell volume. The subzero water transport response is analyzed to determine the variables governing the rate of water loss during cooling of bovine spermatozoa, i.e. the membrane permeability parameters (reference membrane permeability, Lpg and activation energy, ELp). The predicted best-fit permeability parameters ranged from, Lpg = 0.021 to 0.038 μm/min-atm and ELp = 27.8 to 41.1 kcal/mol. The subzero water transport response and consequently the subzero water transport parameters are not significantly different between the ejaculated and epididymal bovine spermatozoa under corresponding cooling conditions. If this observation is found to be more generally valid for other mammalian species as well, then the sperm extracted from the testicles of an animal during post-mortem can also be optimally cryopreseved using procedures similar to those derived for ejaculated sperm.
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Maggavi, Raghavendra R., Sanjay A. Pujari, and C. N. Vijay Kumar. "Automated Evaluation of Sperm Membrane Structural Integrity using Open Source Software." In 2017 International Conference on Current Trends in Computer, Electrical, Electronics and Communication (CTCEEC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ctceec.2017.8455128.

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Ediz, Kerem, and Nejat Olgac. "The Effect of Mercury in the Micro-Dynamics of Injection Pipettes." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-55538.

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“Microinjection” is becoming increasingly important in molecular biology. These operations include the micromanipulation of cellular subjects, such as piercing procedure through the zona pellucida and the membrane in ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection).
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Chen, Hsiu-hung Simon, Zhiquan Shu, Lei Cheng, and Dayong Gao. "Development of a Microfluidic Injection and Perfusion Device for Single Cell Study." In ASME 2010 First Global Congress on NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nemb2010-13317.

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The cell membrane, composed primarily of proteins and lipids, is a selectively permeable lipid bilayer in the scale of 10 nm or so. Molecules permeating through cell membranes play critical roles in the applications of drug delivery, cell therapy, and cryopreservation. Cryopreservation and banking of cells, such as umbilical cord bloods, female eggs, etc., are critical to facilitate practical and effective in vitro fertilization (IVF). The determination of molecule transport properties of cells, such as water and cryoprotectants (CPAs), is indispensable for developing optimal conditions for cryopreserving them. On the other hand, injection of material of interests, such as sperms and DNA segments, to female eggs or blastocysts, so-called intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) technique, are playing important roles on IVF and advanced gene knock-out. In this study, a novel micro-nano-fluidic system that allows perfusion and injection in nano-liter scale has been developed and fabricated by soft lithographic methods. A single cell in the microfluidic system is able to be trapped on site and then either be perfused by various solutions or injected with plain solutions or solutions with genetic materials. Our ongoing study will demonstrate that the micro-nano-fluidic system allows us to: 1) confine cells in a channel; 2) deliver drugs by perfusing the cell; 3) monitor osmotic behaviors of the cell by replacing its extracellular environment; and 4) perform ICSI with sperms or genetic materials.
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Ashrafzadeh, Ali, Sheila Nathan, Iekhsan Othman, Tee Ting Yee, and Saiful Anuar Karsani. "Membrane proteins associated with sperm-oocyte interaction: A proteomic comparison between Kedah Kelantan (Bos indicus) and Mafriwal (Bos taurus × Bos indicus) sperm." In THE 2013 UKM FST POSTGRADUATE COLLOQUIUM: Proceedings of the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Science and Technology 2013 Postgraduate Colloquium. AIP Publishing LLC, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4858651.

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Subramani, Elavarasan, and Koel Chaudhury. "Detrimental effects of oxidative stress on sperm membrane and DNA integrity in normozoospermic infertile men." In 2010 International Conference on Systems in Medicine and Biology (ICSMB). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsmb.2010.5735371.

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Diaz, Jhon, Mehdi Karzar Jeddi, Nejat Olgac, Tai-Hsi Fan, and Ali Fuat Ergenc. "On the Geometric Characteristics of Cell Membrane Using Rotationally Oscillating Drill (Ros-Drill©)." In ASME 2009 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2009-2633.

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ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection) is a broadly utilized assisted reproductive technology. A number of new versions of the procedure have evolved lately, such as piezo-assisted ICSI technique. An important problem with this technique, however, is that it requires small amounts of mercury to stabilize the pipette tip. A completely different and mercury-free technology, called the “Ros-Drill©” (rotationally oscillating drill) was developed by the group of the authors. It uses microprocessor-controlled rotational oscillations of a spiked micropipette for piercing. One of the key issues is to determine when to start the oscillations. It is based on the cell deformation prior to the membrane piercing. In-situ measurements are needed for this protocol. The contribution of this paper is the utilization of computer vision for these measurements. The triggering logic is correlated to the cell membrane curvature variations along the vision-detected membrane line segment. Such a tool becomes very helpful for automating the Ros-Drill operation.
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Isnaini, Nurul, Nuryadi Nuryadi, and Eko Nugroho. "Supplementation of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) Pericarp Filtrate in Tris-egg yolk-based Diluent on Buck Sperm Membrane Integrity." In 1st International Conference in One Health (ICOH 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icoh-17.2018.48.

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Ergenc, Ali Fuat, and Nejat Olgac. "Optical Fiber Sensor for Non-Contact Monitoring of ICSI-Pipettes." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-13178.

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The injection of cells (e.g., sperm), subcellular organelles (e.g., nucleus), and solutes into cells (e.g., eggs) for cloning, embryology and molecular biology purposes are broadly practiced biological procedures. These cellular micro-injection operations are performed using drawn glass pipettes of microscopic diameters (as small as a few microns), which are extremely compliant structures. The pipette is pressed on the cell membrane causing a dimple until a predetermined tension is created. In the next phase, the membrane is pierced using various forcing techniques, and the pipette is driven into the cell. A non-contact sensor with high motion sensitivity is needed to monitor this delicate microscopic motion. We present an optical micro-device in this paper to achieve this objective. The main principle of the sensor is to detect the position and the orientation of a laser beam, which emanates from the pipette that is being monitored. We provide the technical specifications and the experimental verification of the concept.
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Reports on the topic "Sperm membrane"

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Pencheva, Mina, Yvetta Koeva, Ilian Dimitrov, and Nina Atanassova. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) in Seminal Plasma and Sperm Membrane as a Marker for Male Infertility. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2020.05.05.

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