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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Spencer Gulf

Academic literature on the topic 'Spencer Gulf'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Spencer Gulf"

1

Nunes, RA, and GW Lennon. "Physical property distributions and seasonal trends in Spencer Gulf, South Australia: an inverse estuary." Marine and Freshwater Research 37, no. 1 (1986): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9860039.

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Results are described from the first long-term, systematic program of oceanographic measurements in Spencer Gulf, South Australia. The gulf belongs to a subset of semi-enclosed seas that are characterized by a net fluid loss, in this case induced by excess evaporation, and a resulting circulation that is the reverse of that found in a classical estuary. In Spencer Gulf, this inverse estuary character involves the production of salinities as high as 48 at the head in late summer. The seasonal variations of temperature and salinity, from both large-scale CTD surveys and time-series observations at a fixed station, reveal the manner in which the gulf responds to seasonal influences. From such information, the gulf's dispersive capabilities are quantitatively assessed, and the implications of thermohaline processes for gulf-ocean exchange are discussed.

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Prowse, Thomas A. A., Bronwyn M. Gillanders, Barry W. Brook, Anthony J. Fowler, Karina C. Hall, Michael A. Steer, Camille Mellin, et al. "Evidence for a broad-scale decline in giant Australian cuttlefish (Sepia apama) abundance from non-targeted survey data." Marine and Freshwater Research 66, no. 8 (2015): 692. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf14081.

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Little is known about the population trajectory and dynamics of many marine invertebrates because of a lack of robust observational data. The giant Australian cuttlefish (Sepia apama) is IUCN-listed as Near Threatened because the largest known breeding aggregation of this species in northern Spencer Gulf, South Australia, has declined markedly since the turn of the century. We used by-catch records from long-term trawl surveys to derive abundance data for S. apama and commercial cuttlefish harvest data as a measure of exploitation. Using Bayesian hierarchical models to account for zero-inflation and spatial dependence in these abundance counts, we demonstrated a high probability of broad-scale declines in the density of S. apama, particularly surrounding the primary aggregation site, which supports the recent closure of the entire S. apama fishery in northern Spencer Gulf. Historical harvest data were positively correlated with S. apama density estimated from the trawl surveys, suggesting that the commercial cuttlefish catch tracks the species abundance. Our results also indicated the possibility that the known S. apama breeding grounds might be supplemented by individuals that were spawned elsewhere in northern Spencer Gulf.

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Gillanders, Bronwyn M., and Tanya C. Joyce. "Distinguishing aquaculture and wild yellowtail kingfish via natural elemental signatures in otoliths." Marine and Freshwater Research 56, no. 5 (2005): 693. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf04133.

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Naturally occurring elemental signatures (or composition) of otoliths may enable aquaculture and wild-caught yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi) to be distinguished from one another, so that in the event of aquaculture escapes, escaped fish could be identified. Yellowtail kingfish were obtained from aquaculture ventures in three regions of Spencer Gulf and from nine areas external to aquaculture throughout the inner and outer Spencer Gulf, South Australia. Elemental signatures (Mg, Mn, Sr, Ba) of otoliths were analysed via LA-ICP-MS (laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry). A highly significant difference was detected between elemental signatures of the aquaculture and wild-caught fish, but this difference was largely attributable to wild fish from Port Augusta being different from the other groupings. For individual elements, it was difficult to detect differences between aquaculture and wild-caught fish, as there was considerable variation between locations within each group. When comparisons between aquaculture and wild fish were made of the inner and outer Spencer Gulf, aquaculture fish could be distinguished from wild fish and classified correctly with a high degree of accuracy (82–100%); the same level of accuracy was not achieved with wild fish. Comparison of elemental transects showed considerable variability between locations, with no features distinguishing aquaculture or wild-caught fish. It would be beneficial to combine naturally occurring signatures with other identification approaches (e.g. artificial elemental signatures) to accurately distinguish aquaculture from wild-caught fish. The impacts of escaped fish could then be determined.

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O'CONNELL, LAURA G., NOEL P. JAMES, ADELA S. HARVEY, JOHN LUICK, YVONNE BONE, and SCORESBY A. SHEPHERD. "REEVALUATION OF THE INFERRED RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LIVING RHODOLITH MORPHOLOGIES, THEIR MOVEMENT, AND WATER ENERGY: IMPLICATIONS FOR INTERPRETING PALEOCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS." PALAIOS 35, no. 12 (December 17, 2020): 543–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/palo.2019.101.

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ABSTRACT Free-living forms of crustose coralline algae (rhodoliths) accumulate on shallow-water marine shelves in many regions worldwide. They form their own benthic habitats termed ‘rhodolith beds' and their deposits are well preserved in the rock record. Characteristics of rhodolith deposits can be used to interpret ancient water depths, light levels, and water energies. Accurate paleoceanographic interpretations rely on large-scale, detailed studies of living rhodolith beds, but these studies are scarce. Spencer Gulf in South Australia has the largest living rhodolith beds in southeastern Australia (∼ 3,000 km2). Documentation of these rhodolith deposits includes facies analysis, coralline algal taxonomy, characterization of growth forms and morphometrics, and integration with oceanographic data. Extensive oceanographic data and hydrodynamic modeling enable comparisons between rhodolith morphologies and bottom water energies with unprecedented accuracy. Rhodolith deposits in the gulf are intermixed with carbonate sands and muds under diverse hydrodynamic conditions, with current speeds up to 1.04 m s−1. At least five coralline algal genera construct rhodoliths in Spencer Gulf. Growth forms include fruticose, lumpy, and warty. Rhodolith morphologies imply that water energy is not the only thing affecting rhodolith movement and growth; rhodoliths can also be shifted by fish and invertebrates. Linear regression models in this study evaluate relationships between rhodolith morphometrics (mean diameter, sphericity, and branch density) and maximum bottom water speeds in Spencer Gulf and their results support the idea that water energy is not a major control on rhodolith morphology under these water energy conditions. Previous studies have revealed that the relationship between rhodolith morphologies and water energy levels is complicated and many authors have cautioned to not rely solely on rhodolith morphologies to interpret paleoceanographic conditions. Results of this study demonstrate that accurate paleoceanographic interpretations cannot be made based on rhodolith morphologies alone, but should also include sedimentology, coralline taxonomy, and associated biota.

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5

O'CONNELL, LAURA G., NOEL P. JAMES, ADELA S. HARVEY, JOHN LUICK, YVONNE BONE, and SCORESBY A. SHEPHERD. "REEVALUATION OF THE INFERRED RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LIVING RHODOLITH MORPHOLOGIES, THEIR MOVEMENT, AND WATER ENERGY: IMPLICATIONS FOR INTERPRETING PALEOCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS." PALAIOS 35, no. 12 (December 17, 2020): 543–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/palo.2019.101.

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Abstract:

ABSTRACT Free-living forms of crustose coralline algae (rhodoliths) accumulate on shallow-water marine shelves in many regions worldwide. They form their own benthic habitats termed ‘rhodolith beds' and their deposits are well preserved in the rock record. Characteristics of rhodolith deposits can be used to interpret ancient water depths, light levels, and water energies. Accurate paleoceanographic interpretations rely on large-scale, detailed studies of living rhodolith beds, but these studies are scarce. Spencer Gulf in South Australia has the largest living rhodolith beds in southeastern Australia (∼ 3,000 km2). Documentation of these rhodolith deposits includes facies analysis, coralline algal taxonomy, characterization of growth forms and morphometrics, and integration with oceanographic data. Extensive oceanographic data and hydrodynamic modeling enable comparisons between rhodolith morphologies and bottom water energies with unprecedented accuracy. Rhodolith deposits in the gulf are intermixed with carbonate sands and muds under diverse hydrodynamic conditions, with current speeds up to 1.04 m s−1. At least five coralline algal genera construct rhodoliths in Spencer Gulf. Growth forms include fruticose, lumpy, and warty. Rhodolith morphologies imply that water energy is not the only thing affecting rhodolith movement and growth; rhodoliths can also be shifted by fish and invertebrates. Linear regression models in this study evaluate relationships between rhodolith morphometrics (mean diameter, sphericity, and branch density) and maximum bottom water speeds in Spencer Gulf and their results support the idea that water energy is not a major control on rhodolith morphology under these water energy conditions. Previous studies have revealed that the relationship between rhodolith morphologies and water energy levels is complicated and many authors have cautioned to not rely solely on rhodolith morphologies to interpret paleoceanographic conditions. Results of this study demonstrate that accurate paleoceanographic interpretations cannot be made based on rhodolith morphologies alone, but should also include sedimentology, coralline taxonomy, and associated biota.

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Deane, Grant B., Douglas H. Cato, and Paul Clarke. "Shallow‐water geoacoustic inversions of seafloor properties in Spencer Gulf." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 104, no. 3 (September 1998): 1743. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.423634.

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Currie, David R., and Shirley J. Sorokin. "The Distribution and Trophodynamics of Demersal Fish from Spencer Gulf." Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 134, no. 2 (January 2010): 198–227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/3721426.2010.10887143.

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Seddon, S., R. M. Connolly, and K. S. Edyvane. "Large-scale seagrass dieback in northern Spencer Gulf, South Australia." Aquatic Botany 66, no. 4 (April 2000): 297–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3770(99)00080-7.

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Rodgers, G. G., S. D. Roberts, and C. D. Dixon. "The effects of temperature on larval size in the western king prawn, Penaeus (Melicertus) latisulcatus Kishinouye, from Spencer Gulf, South Australia: implications for fishery management." Marine and Freshwater Research 64, no. 10 (2013): 976. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf13020.

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Temperature, salinity and food availability are generally considered to have the most influence on larval growth and survival in penaeid species. Larval size has previously been used as a measure of animal quality in a range of crustacean species. The aim of this project was to investigate the effects of temperature (17°C, 20°C, 22.5°C and 25°C) on stage-specific larval size in Penaeus latisulcatus collected from the Spencer Gulf, in South Australia. Five different measurements of larval size were assessed: body length, body width, antenna length, carapace length and abdomen length. Results showed that larval growth rate was dependant on temperature, with growth rate greater at higher temperatures. Despite this, larvae reared at 20°C reached the largest size, while those at the temperature extremes (17°C and 25°C) were smallest. When considering average annual temperature, the spawning time that would most likely maximise larval size in the Spencer Gulf is approximately December. This coincides with current management arrangements for the fishery that protect the spawning biomass at this time of year.

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Long, M., R. J. Reid, and C. M. Kemper. "Cadmium Accumulation and Toxicity in The Bottlenose Dolphin Tursiops truncatus, The Common Dolphin Delphinus delphis, and Some Dolphin Prey Species in South Australia." Australian Mammalogy 20, no. 1 (1998): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am97025.

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Twenty Tursiops truncatus and 20 Delphinus delphis from South Australia were analysed for cadmium levels, as were some fish and squid species which form part of their diet. In the dolphins, cadmium was accumulated mainly in the kidneys (range 0-38 μg/g), with levels in many individuals exceeding 20 μg/g (wet weight). On average, levels in kidney were three-fold higher than in liver and 26-fold higher than in muscle. Cadmium concentrations related to dolphin body length, but the relationship with tooth development class was less clear. 80% of the prey fish species analysed from Spencer Gulf exceeded NH & MRC health recommendations of 0.2 μg/g (wet weight) for human consumption. Sepioteuthis australis from upper Spencer Gulf contained significantly higher cadmium levels than Ceduna samples (0.21 ± 0.01 μg/g versus 0.13 ± 0.01 μg/g, p<0.001) (wet weight). On histological examination, 32% of adult dolphin kidneys showed pathological changes, proteinuria being the most common abnormality. High levels of cadmium were found in dolphins from widely spaced locations in South Australia.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Spencer Gulf"

1

McGlennon, David. "The fisheries biology and population dynamics of snapper Pagrus auratus in northern Spencer Gulf, South Australia /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2003. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm4789.pdf.

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Martin, Michael Robert. "Ecotourism potential in the Spencer Gulf : case studies of Wedge and Reevesby Islands /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envm3818.pdf.

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Fuller, Margaret. "Holocene cool water carbonate and terrigenous sediments from the lower Spencer Gulf, South Australia /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09S.B/09s.bf967.pdf.

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Jones, Emlyn Morris, and emlyn jones@csiro au. "The interaction between physical and sedimentary biogeochemical processes in south-west Spencer Gulf, South Australia." Flinders University. School of the Environment, 2010. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20100531.124356.

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Located in the south-west region of Spencer Gulf, South Australia, a multi-million dollar aquaculture industry based on the ranching of southern bluefin tuna (Thunnus maccoyii) contributes significantly to the regional economy. The interaction between aquaculture activities and the environment is of significant interest to industry stakeholders, management authorities and the broader science community. No studies, to the best of my knowledge, have investigated the relationships between the hydrodynamics and biogeochemistry of the system and the ability of the benthic ecosystem to deal with the increased loads of organic material from aquaculture activities. This thesis uses a multi-disciplinary approach combined with modern statistical techniques to explore the linkages between hydrodynamics, sediment geochemistry, sedimentary nutrient cycling and the aquaculture industry. Modelling results have identified that swell entering the mouth of Spencer Gulf from directly south causes the greatest swell heights in the central tuna farming zone. Winds from the north-east through to south-east generate the greatest wind-wave heights in the central tuna farming zone. This is directly related to the available fetch. The energy contained in the locally generated wind waves was the same order of magnitude as that of the dissipated oceanic swells. Yet the incoming swell poses the greatest risk to aquaculture activities as the increased wave length causes swell energy to penetrate to the seafloor. The results of this work suggest that the sediment geochemistry is tightly coupled to both the hydrodynamic regime and the buildup of silt originating from aquaculture activities. In the more exposed regions of the tuna farming zone, periodic resuspension events caused by swell propagating into the area from the Southern Ocean, resuspend fine unconsolidated sediments into the lower 10 m of the water column. This material is then advected through the region by the residual (low-frequency) currents until it settles out in areas of lower energy. This process has created two distinct provinces within the region that can either be classified as depositional or erosional. The combined effect of wave action and tidal currents have generated a heterogeneous distribution of biogeochemical properties within the sediments. Denitrification rates were measured in these heterogeneous sediments using a novel technique based on Bayesian statistics to explicitly account for the spatial variability of the sediment biogeochemistry. The denitrification rates were found to be generally low, largely due to the lack of organic matter entering the sediments. However, adjacent to aquaculture activities, the high organic loads stimulate sedimentary denitrification, with rates reaching values of up to three orders of magnitude greater than the control sites. Denitrification efficiencies were high adjacent to the aquaculture activities, with up to 95% of the dissolved inorganic nitrogen produced from the breakdown of organic matter in the sediments being removed. Variability in the denitrification efficiencies was related to the textural characteristics of the sediments, with high efficiencies in finer sediments. It is proposed that this is due to the lower permeability of these sediments restricting the advective exchange of porewater nutrients.

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Stevens, Malcolm William. "A three-dimensional tidal model for shallow waters using transformations and variably spaced grids." Title page, contents and summary only, 1990. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs845.pdf.

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Paxinos, Rosemary, and paxinos rosemary@saugov sa gov au. "Dynamics of phytoplankton in relation to tuna fish farms in Boston Bay and near-shore Spencer Gulf, South Australia." Flinders University. Biological Sciences, 2007. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20081022.144704.

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Interest in the effect of fish farming practices on the marine environment has arisen because there is concern that the wastes that fish farms produce may be contributing to eutrophication in coastal areas and the problem of harmful algal blooms. The focus of this thesis is an examination of phytoplankton distribution and abundance in relation to tuna fish farms in Boston Bay and near-shore Spencer Gulf. This is the first study in South Australia to define the short-term biomass fluctuations of chlorophyll and in vivo fluorescence, identify phytoplankton species distribution and abundance, including two potentially toxic dinoflagellates, and describe patch distribution relative to tuna fish farms in Boston Bay and the near-shore waters of Spencer Gulf. An ecological interpretation of phytoplankton distribution and abundance is determined and shows that community composition was different in lower Spencer Gulf compared to Boston Bay and upper Spencer Gulf sites. Pico- and nanophytoplankton were often the most abundant organisms. Diatoms and gymnoids were most common. Season and currents predominantly influenced the distribution of phytoplankton in Boston Bay and Spencer Gulf. Individual species may be influenced by inputs from the fish farms. Chlorophyll levels were different between the Spencer Gulf and Boston Bay sites and no differences were recorded, using mean levels of chlorophyll, between tuna cages and controls. Chlorophyll levels were higher east of Boston Island in autumn of 1999. Chlorophyll levels appeared to show a slight increase between years. This may have been an anomalous natural variation and future research may investigate this in the long term. In addition, Principal Components Analysis (PCA) was used to investigate differences between treatments and the functional grouping model supported an ecological interpretation of the factors from the PCA. A total of 131 taxa of phytoplankton were identified in this study. The 14 dominant taxa were used in the PCA and of these, 9 were diatoms. Phytoplankton abundance was not different between tuna cages and controls. However, when examining individual species, Karenia mikimotoi was more prevalent at tuna cages, close to shore, east and west of Boston Island than at other sites. PCA showed how different species bloomed together and were seasonal. Karenia brevis and K. mikimotoi featured predominantly in the PCA with K. brevis the dominant organism during summer and autumn along with Gyrodinium spp. and smaller gymnoids. K. brevis blooms were most likely influenced by water temperatures and fixation of nitrogen from a Trichodesmium erythaeum bloom. K. mikimotoi bloomed bimodally and may be influenced by ammonia excreted from fish from the tuna farms but , on the other hand, may be limited by the high salinities of South Australian waters. Currents in the region distribute both organisms. The final aspect of this study assessed finer temporal and spatial sampling using directional transects around tuna cages and controls using in-vivo fluorescence and size fractionated chlorophyll. The chlorophyll a sampling showed little spatial variability within a site in the 1000 m2 that the sampling area covers but far greater temporal variability (days). In contrast, fluorescence `mapping' expands the window of variability both spatially (within a site) and temporally (along transects and between days). This has given a spatial definition, which is unavailable from a single point sample, and thereby leaves room for much greater interpretation. Small patches are evident from the fluorescence mapping where this is impossible to detect from the single point samples. Therefore, the fluorescence `mapping' and patch definition show that the trend is widespread (spatially) and quite persistent (temporally) around the fish farm area. Size fractionated chlorophyll samples provided further insight into phytoplankton dynamics in this study where diatoms were favored over dinoflagellates and were responsible for the larger fraction of chlorophyll found at the tuna cage one (TC1) site. We suggest that seasonal fluctuations, high nutrient input from the farm activities and turbulence may be responsible for the different chlorophyll/fluorescent structures found at TC1. Future research may look at the long-term regional impact on phytoplankton size structure, biomass and communities from fish farm activities. As a good part of this journey involved counting phytoplankton using the Utërmohl technique, a short paper, published in the Journal of Plankton Research, on reducing the settling time of this method, is presented in Appendix.

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Nixon, John Bruce. "Dispersion modelling using finite-difference methods with application to larval western king prawn (Pencieus latisulcatus) in Spencer Gulf, South Australia /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phn736.pdf.

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8

Wu, Jiale. "Environmental factors affecting the survival and growth of western king prawn, Penaeus latisulcatus, under aquaculture conditions in Spencer Gulf, South Australia." Title page, table of contents and summary only, 1990. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envw959.pdf.

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Bills, Peter John. "Barotropic depth-averaged and three-dimensional tidal programs for shallow seas /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phb599.pdf.

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Bellamy, Stephen, and steve bellamy@flinders edu au. "RESOURCE PARTITIONING BETWEEN TWO SYMPATRIC AUSTRALIAN SKINKS, EGERNIA MULTISCUTATA AND EGERNIA WHITII STEPHEN BELLAMY Thesis submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy AUGUST 2006 SCHOOL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES FLINDERS UNIVERSITY, ADELAIDE, SOUTH AUSTRALIA ________________________________________." Flinders University. Biological Sciences, 2007. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20070124.145924.

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When species compete for resources, in a stable homogeneous environment, there are two possible outcomes. The first is that one species will out-compete the other and exclude it from the environment. This is known as the competitive exclusion principle. The second is that both species will manage to coexist. Coexistence can only occur if the species niches are differentiated such that interspecific competition is minimised, or eliminated. This outcome is known as resource partitioning. Two closely related Australian skink species of the Egernia genus, Egernia multiscutata and Egernia whitii, are abundant and sympatric on Wedge Island in South Australias Spencer Gulf. The species are morphologically very similar and appear to have very similar life histories and habitat requirements. Ostensibly, they would compete for limiting resources in this environment. This thesis is the first investigation into resource partitioning in this previously unstudied model organism. I report the results of multi-faceted investigations into the coexistence of the skinks, E. multiscutata and E. whitii on Wedge Island and the evidence for, and mechanisms of, any facultative resource partitioning between them. Study methods involved a transect survey of most of Wedge Island to determine the species distributions and any evidence for resource partitioning; a morphological comparison to investigate any potential competitive advantages of either species; a habitat choice experiment to establish retreat-site preferences in the absence of interspecific interference; and, a series of staged dyadic encounter experiments to investigate interspecific competitive interactions. Resource partitioning was evidenced by differential distributions of the species among substrates containing the elements required for permanent refuge shelters. This partitioning was not mediated by avoidance of particular substrates but by the presence of the opponent species, combined with attraction to suitable substrates. Asymmetries in some morphological characters were found to confer a potential competitive advantage to E. multiscutata in agonistic encounters with E. whitii. Both species were found to have the same refuge site preferences when interference competition was experimentally removed. This result was not concordant with observed resource partitioning in the field and suggests that the habitat choices of both species are modified by the presence of the opponent species. Analyses of staged dyadic encounter experiments showed that E. multiscutata was more likely to gain greater access to a contested habitat resource and more likely to exclude E. whitii from the resource than vice-versa. Nevertheless, the outcome of competitive interactions was not completely deterministic and there was some tolerance of co-habitation. E. multiscutatas competitive advantage was attributable largely to its greater mass and head dimensions relative to snout to vent length. However, differential behavioural responses to the threat of larger opponent size also played an important part in resource partitioning between the species.

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Book chapters on the topic "Spencer Gulf"

1

Bills, P. J., D. W. F. Standingford, and B. J. Noye. "Modelling oil slick trajectories in Spencer Gulf, South Australia." In Mixing in Estuaries and Coastal Seas, 77–94. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ce050p0077.

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STRONG, WESLEY R., DONALD R. NELSON, BARRY D. BRUCE, and RICHARD D. MURPHY. "Population Dynamics of White Sharks in Spencer Gulf, South Australia." In Great White Sharks, 401–14. Elsevier, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-012415031-7/50038-0.

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Nixon, John Bruce, and Brian John Noye. "Prawn Larvae Advection-Diffusion Modelling in Spencer Gulf, South Australia." In Modelling Coastal Sea Processes, 189–218. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814350730_0008.

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4

Delgado, James P. "“Damn Bad Luck Follows”." In The Curse of the Somers, 137—C7.F2. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197575222.003.0008.

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Abstract Following the trial, the reputation of Somers and Mackenzie were further damaged by the suicide on board the brig by the ship’s surgeon, the navy’s decision to no longer use it as a training ship, and by the post-mortem mistaken portrayal of Spencer as an anti-hero. Passionate disagreement by friends of Mackenzie and Spencer surfaced and dominated national attention through the rest of the nineteenth century. The affair also focuses attention on the troubled psychology of the Spencer family, and the post-mutiny later-life career of Philip’s brother Ambrose shows a troubling similarity to the behavior of his executed younger brother. “Damn bad luck” is a phrase used by later crews of Somers, which became known as a haunted, cursed ship, and it is also true for many of those involved in the story, including Mackenzie and his first officer, Guert Gansevoort. Somers was lost, with thirty-two of its crew, while blockading the Gulf port of Veracruz during the United States’ war with Mexico. While lost, Somers would never be forgotten; it had become the most infamous ship in the U.S. Navy.

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5

Bowers, D. G. "Models of Density Current Outflows form Inverse Estuaries: With Application to Spencer Gulf, South Australia." In Modeling Marine Systems, 1–24. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351074704-1.

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Eastick, Andrew, and Tony O’Malley. "Upper Spencer Gulf Common Purpose Group – from Adversity to Action: Learning to Collaborate at all Levels 1." In New Regionalism in Australia, 145–64. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351152488-8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Spencer Gulf"

1

Bierman, Paul, Megan Lewis, Jason Tanner, and Bertram Ostendorf. "Understanding Phytoplankton Variability Throughout Spencer Gulf, South Australia, via Satellite Derived Chlorophyll-A." In IGARSS 2008 - 2008 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2008.4779869.

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Hansen, H. J., A. S. Kulessa, W. Marwood, M. Forrest, and O. Reinhold. "Over-the-horizon Ka band radio wave propagation studies in the coastal South Australian Spencer Gulf region." In 2013 International Conference on Radar. IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/radar.2013.6651962.

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