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Journal articles on the topic 'SPEMS'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Grimm, Johannes, Juliane Nell, Andreas Hillenbrand, Doris Henne-Bruns, Julian Schmidberger, Wolfgang Kratzer, Beate Gruener, et al. "Immunohistological detection of small particles of Echinococcus multilocularis and Echinococcus granulosus in lymph nodes is associated with enlarged lymph nodes in alveolar and cystic echinococcosis." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 14, no. 12 (December 28, 2020): e0008921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008921.

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Background Alveolar (AE) and cystic echinococcosis (CE) in humans are caused by the metacestode of the tapeworms Echinococcus multilocularis and Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.). Immunohistochemistry with the monoclonal antibodies (mAb) Em2G11, specific for AE, and the mAb EmG3, specific for AE and CE, is an important pillar of the histological diagnosis of these two infections. Our aim was to further evaluate mAb EmG3 in a diagnostic setting and to analyze in detail the localization, distribution, and impact of small particles of Echinococcus multilocularis (spems) and small particles of Echinococcus granulosus s.l. (spegs) on lymph nodes. Methodology/principal findings We evaluated the mAb EmG3 in a cohort of formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) specimens of AE (n = 360) and CE (n = 178). These samples originated from 156 AE-patients and 77 CE-patients. mAb EmG3 showed a specific staining of the metacestode stadium of E. multilocularis and E. granulosus s.l. and had a higher sensitivity for spems than mAb Em2G11. Furthermore, we detected spegs in the surrounding host tissue and in almost all tested lymph nodes (39/41) of infected patients. 38/47 lymph nodes of AE showed a positive reaction for spems with mAb EmG3, whereas 29/47 tested positive when stained with mAb Em2G11. Spegs were detected in the germinal centers, co-located with CD23-positive follicular dendritic cells, and were present in the sinuses. Likewise, lymph nodes with spems and spegs in AE and CE were significantly enlarged in size in comparison to the control group. Conclusions/significance mAb EmG3 is specific for AE and CE and is a valuable tool in the histological diagnosis of echinococcosis. Based on the observed staining patterns, we hypothesize that the interaction between parasite and host is not restricted to the main lesion since spegs are detected in lymph nodes. Moreover, in AE the number of spems-affected lymph nodes is higher than previously assumed. The enlargement of lymph nodes with spems and spegs points to an immunological interaction with the small immunogenic particles (spems and spegs) of Echinococcus spp.

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2

Grimm, Johannes, Julian Krickl, Annika Beck, Juliane Nell, Monika Bergmann, Dennis Tappe, Beate Grüner, Thomas FE Barth, and Klaus Brehm. "Establishing and evaluation of a polymerase chain reaction for the detection of Echinococcus multilocularis in human tissue." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 2 (February 25, 2021): e0009155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009155.

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Background Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is caused by metacestode larva of the tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis. AE diagnostics currently rely on imaging techniques supported by serology, but unequivocal detection of AE is difficult. Although polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods to detect tapeworm DNA in biopsies have been suggested for several species, no validated protocol adhering to accepted guidelines has so far been presented for AE diagnostics. We herein established a PCR protocol for metacestode biopsies and technically evaluated the method using isolated parasite DNA and cells, biopsies of clinically relevant material, and formalin fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) human tissue blocks. We compared the results with an immunochemical (IHC) approach using the monoclonal antibody Em2G11 specific for the antigen Em2 of E. mulitlocularis. Methodology/Principal findings Based on tapeworm 12S rDNA sequences we established and validated a PCR protocol for robust detection of as little as 50 parasite cells per specimen and report 127 cases of positive identification of Echinococcus species in samples from humans and animals. For further validation, we analyzed 45 liver, heart, brain, and soft tissue samples as well as cytological probes of aspirates of FFPE-material from 18 patients with clinically confirmed AE. Of each patient we analyzed (i) fully viable lesions with laminated layer; (ii) tissue with mAbEm2G11-positive small particles of E. multilocularis (spems); (iii) mAbEm2G11-negative tissue adjacent to the main lesion; and (iv) lymph node tissue with mAbEm2G11-positive spems. To identify the areas for the PCR-based approach, we performed IHC-staining with the monoclonal antibody Em2G11. Micro-dissected tissue of these areas was then used for PCR-analysis. 9 of 15 analyzed samples with viable E. multilocularis lesions with laminated layer were positive by PCR. Of this group, all samples preserved for less than 6 years (6/6) were tested positive. 11 of 15 samples of spems and 7 of 9 samples of the control group mAbEm2G11-negative tissue were negative by PCR. We further show that all probes from lymph nodes with spems are PCR negative. Conclusions/Significance We present a sensitive PCR method for the detection of E. multilocularis in human tissue, particularly in fresh biopsy material and tissue blocks stored for less than 5 years. While the diagnostic sensitivity of material containing only spems was higher using IHC, PCR detection was possible in IHC negative liver tissue and in patients with negative serology. Our results support the view that spems do not contain parasitic DNA or viable cells of the parasite. spems thus most probably do not directly contribute to metastasis formation during AE.

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3

Schütz, Alexander C., Doris I. Braun, and Karl R. Gegenfurtner. "Chromatic Contrast Sensitivity During Optokinetic Nystagmus, Visually Enhanced Vestibulo-ocular Reflex, and Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements." Journal of Neurophysiology 101, no. 5 (May 2009): 2317–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.91248.2008.

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Recently we showed that sensitivity for chromatic- and high-spatial frequency luminance stimuli is enhanced during smooth-pursuit eye movements (SPEMs). Here we investigated whether this enhancement is a general property of slow eye movements. Besides SPEM there are two other classes of eye movements that operate in a similar range of eye velocities: the optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) is a reflexive pattern of alternating fast and slow eye movements elicited by wide-field visual motion and the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) stabilizes the gaze during head movements. In a natural environment all three classes of eye movements act synergistically to allow clear central vision during self- and object motion. To test whether the same improvement of chromatic sensitivity occurs during all of these eye movements, we measured human detection performance of chromatic and luminance line stimuli during OKN and contrast sensitivity during VOR and SPEM at comparable velocities. For comparison, performance in the same tasks was tested during fixation. During the slow phase of OKN we found a similar enhancement of chromatic detection rate like that during SPEM, whereas no enhancement was observable during VOR. This result indicates similarities between slow-phase OKN and SPEM, which are distinct from VOR.

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4

Berryhill, Marian E., Tanya Chiu, and Howard C. Hughes. "Smooth Pursuit of Nonvisual Motion." Journal of Neurophysiology 96, no. 1 (July 2006): 461–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00152.2006.

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Unlike saccades, smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEMs) are not under voluntary control and their initiation generally requires a moving visual target. However, there are various reports of limited smooth pursuit of the motion of a subject’s own finger in total darkness (pursuit based on proprioceptive feedback) and to the combination of proprioception and tactile motion as an unseen finger was moved voluntarily over a smooth surface. In contrast, SPEMs to auditory motion are not distinguishable from pursuit of imagined motion. These reports of smooth pursuit of nonvisual motion cues used a variety of paradigms and different stimuli. In addition, the results have often relied primarily on qualitative descriptions of the smooth pursuit. Here, we directly compare measurements of smooth pursuit gain (eye velocity/stimulus velocity) to visual, auditory, proprioceptive, tactile, and combined tactile + proprioceptive motion stimuli. The results demonstrate high gains for visual pursuit, low gains for auditory pursuit, and intermediate, statistically indistinguishable gains for tactile, proprioceptive, and proprioceptive + tactile pursuit.

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5

Grimm, Johannes, Annika Beck, Juliane Nell, Julian Schmidberger, Andreas Hillenbrand, Ambros J. Beer, Balázs Dezsényi, et al. "Combining Computed Tomography and Histology Leads to an Evolutionary Concept of Hepatic Alveolar Echinococcosis." Pathogens 9, no. 8 (August 4, 2020): 634. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9080634.

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Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is caused by the intermediate stage of Echinococcus multilocularis. We aimed to correlate computed tomography (CT) data with histology to identify distinct characteristics for different lesion types. We classified 45 samples into five types with the Echinococcus multilocularis Ulm Classification for Computed Tomography (EMUC-CT). The various CT lesions exhibited significantly different histological parameters, which led us to propose a progression model. The initial lesion fit the CT type IV classification, which comprises a single necrotic area with the central located laminated layer, a larger distance between laminated layer and border zone, a small fibrotic peripheral zone, and few small particles of Echinococcus multilocularis (spems). Lesions could progress through CT types I, II, and III, characterized by shorter distances between laminated layer and border zone, more spems inside and surrounding the lesion, and a pronounced fibrotic rim (mostly in type III). Alternatively, lesions could converge to a highly calcified, regressive state (type V). Our results suggest that the CT types mark sequential stages of the infection, which progress over time. These distinct histological patterns advance the understanding of interactions between AE and human host; moreover, they might become prognostically and therapeutically relevant.

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6

Scarone, Silvio, Orsola Gambini, Elena Häfele, Laura Bellodi, and Enrico Smeraldi. "Neurofunctional assessment of schizophrenia: A preliminary investigation of the presence of eye-tracking (SPEMS) and quality extinction test (QET) abno." Biological Psychology 24, no. 3 (June 1987): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-0511(87)90006-8.

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7

Ricken, Franz J., Juliane Nell, Beate Grüner, Julian Schmidberger, Tanja Kaltenbach, Wolfgang Kratzer, Andreas Hillenbrand, et al. "Albendazole increases the inflammatory response and the amount of Em2-positive small particles of Echinococcus multilocularis (spems) in human hepatic alveolar echinococcosis lesions." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 11, no. 5 (May 25, 2017): e0005636. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005636.

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8

Zhou, Linglin, Di Liu, Li Liu, Lixia He, Xia Cao, Jie Wang, and Zhong Lin Wang. "Recent Advances in Self-Powered Electrochemical Systems." Research 2021 (March 12, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2021/4673028.

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Electrochemistry, one of the most important research and production technology, has been widely applicated in various fields. However, the requirement of external power source is a major challenge to its development. To solve this issue, developing self-powered electrochemical system (SPES) that can work by collecting energy from the environment is highly desired. The invention of triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), which can transform mechanical energy into electricity, is a promising approach to build SPES by integrating with electrochemistry. In this view, the latest representative achievements of SPES based on TENG are comprehensively reviewed. By harvesting various mechanical energy, five SPESs are built, including electrochemical pollutants treatment, electrochemical synthesis, electrochemical sensor, electrochromic reaction, and anticorrosion system, according to the application domain. Additionally, the perspective for promoting the development of SPES is discussed.

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9

Pack, Christopher, Stephen Grossberg, and Ennio Mingolla. "A Neural Model of Smooth Pursuit Control and Motion Perception by Cortical Area MST." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 102–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089892901564207.

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Smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEMs) are eye rotations that are used to maintain fixation on a moving target. Such rotations complicate the interpretation of the retinal image, because they nullify the retinal motion of the target, while generating retinal motion of stationary objects in the background. This poses a problem for the oculomotor system, which must track the stabilized target image while suppressing the optokinetic reflex, which would move the eye in the direction of the retinal background motion (opposite to the direction in which the target is moving). Similarly, the perceptual system must estimate the actual direction and speed of moving objects in spite of the confounding effects of the eye rotation. This paper proposes a neural model to account for the ability of primates to accomplish these tasks. The model simulates the neurophysiological properties of cell types found in the superior temporal sulcus of the macaque monkey, specifically the medial superior temporal (MST) region. These cells process signals related to target motion, background motion, and receive an efference copy of eye velocity during pursuit movements. The model focuses on the interactions between cells in the ventral and dorsal subdivisions of MST, which are hypothesized to process target velocity and background motion, respectively. The model explains how these signals can be combined to explain behavioral data about pursuit maintenance and perceptual data from human studies, including the Aubert-Fleischl phenomenon and the Filehne Illusion, thereby clarifying the functional significance of neurophysiological data about these MST cell properties. It is suggested that the connectivity used in the model may represent a general strategy used by the brain in analyzing the visual world.

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10

Hollis, A. S. "Rights of Way in Ovid (Heroides 20.146) and Plautus (Curculio 36)." Classical Quarterly 44, no. 2 (December 1994): 545–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838800044049.

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Acontius rhetorically addresses the young man to whom Cydippe's parents have betrothed her, whom he imagines as showing excessive familiarity while visiting the girl's sickbed. In line 146, ‘spes’ may be considered the vulgate reading; the noun can be used concretely, of the object of one's hopes (OLD 4), a person in whom hopes are centred (OLD 5), or sometimes as an endearment (OLD 5c). For application to a girl with suitors, cf. Ovid, Met. 4.795 ‘multorumque fuit spes invidiosa procorum’. Or one could take ‘spes’ in Her. 20.146 generally, = id quod spero. But, in any case, ‘spes’ is somewhat disappointing. After the strong imagery of 145 (cutting crops), we expect something no less definite in the pentameter, and, in particular, a word which will cohere with, and reinforce, the notion of providing access (‘quis tibi fecit iter?’). In this respect ‘spes’ fails to contribute anything. Nor does the manuscript evidence point unambiguously to ‘spes’. Some manuscripts have the unmetrical ‘spem’, while Heinsius found in a Medicean manuscript the reading ‘sepem’, which was taken up by Burman, and by a number of other editors. To this, however, A. Palmer made an objection which seems not merely pedantic: ‘I should rather have expected per sepem; for a man has a right to go up to, as far as, another man's boundary.’

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11

Hicks, Matthew, Cynthia Sturton, Samuel T. King, and Jonathan M. Smith. "SPECS." ACM SIGPLAN Notices 50, no. 4 (May 12, 2015): 517–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2775054.2694366.

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12

Hicks, Matthew, Cynthia Sturton, Samuel T. King, and Jonathan M. Smith. "SPECS." ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News 43, no. 1 (May 29, 2015): 517–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2786763.2694366.

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13

Burns-Cox, Christopher. "Sluggish sperms." Lancet 369, no. 9570 (April 2007): 1346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(07)60632-1.

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14

Woods, Paul. "DESIgner specs." Nature Astronomy 3, no. 5 (May 2019): 386. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41550-019-0775-2.

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15

Reinecke, A. J. "Sperms verklap omgewingsbesoedeling." Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie 14, no. 4 (July 10, 1995): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/satnt.v14i4.623.

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16

Ajayi, Abayomi B., Bamgboye M. Afolabi, Victor D. Ajayi, Ifeoluwa Oyetunji, Oluwafunmilola Biobaku, and Adedamilola Atiba. "Men without Sperms." Open Journal of Urology 08, no. 01 (2018): 25–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oju.2018.81004.

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17

Spence, Des. "X ray specs." BMJ 336, no. 7650 (April 24, 2008): 962.1–962. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39559.547118.94.

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18

Summerton, Os. "The Rainbow Specs." Transactional Analysis Journal 22, no. 3 (July 1992): 182–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/036215379202200309.

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19

Grady, Brian. "MEET SPE'S PRESIDENT." Plastics Engineering 74, no. 6 (June 2018): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1941-9635.2018.tb01895.x.

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20

Zandonella, Catherine. "T-ray specs." Nature 424, no. 6950 (August 2003): 721–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/424721a.

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21

&NA;. "PC-SPES." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 956 (June 2003): 12–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200309560-00042.

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22

&NA;. "PC-SPES." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 899 (April 2002): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200208990-00050.

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23

Ko, Richard, Raymond D. Wilson, and Susan Loscutoff. "PC-SPES." Urology 61, no. 6 (June 2003): 1292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0090-4295(02)02508-6.

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24

Nagourney, Robert A. "PC-SPES." Journal of Medicinal Food 5, no. 3 (September 2002): 107–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/10966200260398134.

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25

Naoman, U. D. "Sperms biometry of local Iraqi Awassi Rams." Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Veterinary Medicine Sciences 12, no. 2 (December 30, 2013): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.29079/vol12iss2art252.

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This study was designed to estimate of sperms biometry in local Iraqi Awassi rams. Five mature rams of 2.5-4 years old and 37-44 Kg live body weight were used in this study. Semen collection was performed by using an artificial vagina. Semen samples were evaluated immediately after collection of total 30 ejaculates. Semen volume and color, mass and individual sperms motility, live and abnormal sperms, as well as sperms concentration, were estimated. sperms biometry calculated by using phase contrast microscope and occulo-micrometer lens. Semen biometry means which estimated in this study were; sperms head length 9.62± 1.2 microns, sperms head width 5.32± 2.5 microns, acrosome length 6.10 ± 2.4 microns, head base width 2.54 ± 1.8 microns, midpiece length 11.92 ± 3.6, midpiece width 2.21 ± 0.8 microns, tail length 50. 62 ± 2.1 microns.

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26

Radzievskii, Vitalii Aleksandrovich. "Contemporary culture of Ukraine: contra spem spero." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg State University of Culture 2 (June 2018): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.30725/2619-0303-2018-2-53-58.

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27

Thompson, William M. "Gaudium et Spes: We are in the “Spes” Part." Horizons 26, no. 2 (1999): 322–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0360966900032114.

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28

Noda, Yoshihiro, Mera S. Barr, Reza Zomorrodi, Robin F. H. Cash, Pantelis Lioumis, Robert Chen, Zafiris J. Daskalakis, and Daniel M. Blumberger. "Single-Pulse Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation-Evoked Potential Amplitudes and Latencies in the Motor and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex among Young, Older Healthy Participants, and Schizophrenia Patients." Journal of Personalized Medicine 11, no. 1 (January 17, 2021): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm11010054.

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Background: The combination of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with electroencephalography (EEG) allows for non-invasive investigation of cortical response and connectivity in human cortex. This study aimed to examine the amplitudes and latencies of each TMS-evoked potential (TEP) component induced by single-pulse TMS (spTMS) to the left motor (M1) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) among healthy young participants (YNG), older participants (OLD), and patients with schizophrenia (SCZ). Methods: We compared the spatiotemporal characteristics of TEPs induced by spTMS among the groups. Results: Compared to YNG, M1-spTMS induced lower amplitudes of N45 and P180 in OLD and a lower amplitude of P180 in SCZ, whereas the DLPFC-spTMS induced a lower N45 in OLD. Further, OLD demonstrated latency delays in P60 after M1-spTMS and in N45-P60 over the right central region after left DLPFC-spTMS, whereas SCZ demonstrated latency delays in N45-P60 over the midline and right central regions after DLPFC-spTMS. Conclusions: These findings suggest that inhibitory and excitatory mechanisms mediating TEPs may be altered in OLD and SCZ. The amplitude and latency changes of TEPs with spTMS may reflect underlying neurophysiological changes in OLD and SCZ, respectively. The spTMS administered to M1 and the DLPFC can probe cortical functions by examining TEPs. Thus, TMS-EEG can be used to study changes in cortical connectivity and signal propagation from healthy to pathological brains.

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29

Chen, Chung-Hwan, Yi-Shan Lin, Yin-Chih Fu, Chih-Kuang Wang, Shun-Cheng Wu, Gwo-Jaw Wang, Rajalakshmanan Eswaramoorthy, et al. "Electromagnetic fields enhance chondrogenesis of human adipose-derived stem cells in a chondrogenic microenvironment in vitro." Journal of Applied Physiology 114, no. 5 (March 1, 2013): 647–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01216.2012.

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We tested the hypothesis that electromagnetic field (EMF) stimulation enhances chondrogenesis in human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) in a chondrogenic microenvironment. A two-dimensional hyaluronan (HA)-coated well (2D-HA) and a three-dimensional pellet culture system (3D-pellet) were used as chondrogenic microenvironments. The ADSCs were cultured in 2D-HA or 3D-pellet, and then treated with clinical-use pulse electromagnetic field (PEMF) or the innovative single-pulse electromagnetic field (SPEMF) stimulation. The cytotoxicity, cell viability, and chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiations were analyzed after PEMF or SPEMF treatment. The modules of PEMF and SPEMF stimulations used in this study did not cause cytotoxicity or alter cell viability in ADSCs. Both PEMF and SPEMF enhanced the chondrogenic gene expression (SOX-9, collagen type II, and aggrecan) of ADSCs cultured in 2D-HA and 3D-pellet. The expressions of bone matrix genes (osteocalcin and collagen type I) of ADSCs were not changed after SPEMF treatment in 2D-HA and 3D-pellet; however, they were enhanced by PEMF treatment. Both PEMF and SPEMF increased the cartilaginous matrix (sulfated glycosaminoglycan) deposition of ADSCs. However, PEMF treatment also increased mineralization of ADSCs, but SPEMF treatment did not. Both PEMF and SPEMF enhanced chondrogenic differentiation of ADSCs cultured in a chondrogenic microenvironment. SPEMF treatment enhanced ADSC chondrogenesis, but not osteogenesis, when the cells were cultured in a chondrogenic microenvironment. However, PEMF enhanced both osteogenesis and chondrogenesis under the same conditions. Thus the combination of a chondrogenic microenvironment with SPEMF stimulation can promote chondrogenic differentiation of ADSCs and may be applicable to articular cartilage tissue engineering.

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30

Mesquita, Pedro. "SPEMD – Biénio 2014‐2015." Revista Portuguesa de Estomatologia, Medicina Dentária e Cirurgia Maxilofacial 55, no. 1 (January 2014): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rpemd.2014.02.001.

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Mesquita, Pedro. "SPEMD – Biénio 2016‐2017." Revista Portuguesa de Estomatologia, Medicina Dentária e Cirurgia Maxilofacial 56, no. 4 (October 2015): 205–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rpemd.2015.12.001.

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32

Harker, Maurice. "New specs for 2000." Housing, Care and Support 3, no. 1 (March 2000): 2–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14608790200000001.

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33

Hecht, Jeff, and Vijaysree Venkatraman. "Scrap those 3D specs." New Scientist 215, no. 2874 (July 2012): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(12)61862-4.

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34

Lamming, M., and D. Bohm. "SPECs: personal pervasive systems." Computer 36, no. 6 (June 2003): 109–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mc.2003.1204383.

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35

AUSTIN, C. R. "Are Sperms Really Necessary?" Development, Growth and Differentiation 28, s1 (August 1986): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-169x.1986.28s1_1.x.

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36

Araki, Yasuyuki, Midori Yoshizawa, Hiroyuki Abe, Yoshihiko Murase, and Yasuhisa Araki. "Use of mouse oocytes to evaluate the ability of human sperm to activate oocytes after failure of activation by intracytoplasmic sperm injection." Zygote 12, no. 2 (May 2004): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199404002606.

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The objective of the present study was to investigate the nuclei of human sperms that failed to fertilize human oocytes after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). The sperms were injected into mouse oocytes by a piezo-micromanipulator, and some of these oocytes were artificially activated with strontium chloride (SrCl2) after ICSI. The oocytes were fixed, stained, and subjected to chromosomal analysis. The survival rate of mouse oocytes injected with infertile human sperms was 92.0% (46/50), while that of the control mouse oocytes injected with fertile human sperms was 73.6% (81/110). The rate of two pronuclei (2PN) formation was 0 (0/46) by the infertile sperms and 81.5% (66/81) by the fertile ones, a significant difference (p<0.01). Sperm chromosomes in non-activated oocytes were present as premature chromosome condensation (PCC). Artificial activation after ICSI increased the 2PN formation rate in the infertile group to 90.3% (28/31). The results of the present study suggest that infertile sperms have a low potential to spontaneously activate oocytes and to form pronuclei. Thus, artificial activation after ICSI may rescue oocytes fertilized with infertile human sperms that do not produce 2PN. The present study proved the usefulness of mouse oocytes as specimens in evaluating the oocyte-activating capacity of objective human sperms prior to ICSI treatment.

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37

Zaporozhets, O. M., G. V. Zaporozhets, and M. G. Feldman. "Investigation of the spawning sockeye salmon in the pool of the Nachikinskoe Lake (South-Western Kamchatka) with the help of a quadcopter in 2018." Researches of the aquatic biological resources of Kamchatka and the North-West Part of the Pacific Ocean 1, no. 56 (December 8, 2020): 35–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15853/2072-8212.2020.56.35-62.

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The Nachikinskoe Lake and its tributaries were first examined in detail with the help of a quadrocopter during running and spawning of early and late sockeye salmon. Quantitative estimates of adult salmon filling in different areas of lake tributaries and its coasts were obtained. The number of spring sockeye salmon was estimated at ~30 thous. specs, and late — at ~145 thous. specs (summation of adults counted every ~2 weeks) and 140 thous. specs (127–153 thous. specs), by means of imitation model. According to the photos from the quadrocopter, the boundaries of the spawning grounds of the late sockeye salmon in 2018 are marked on the space picture. The area of spawning grounds is calculated — 307 thous. m2. The maximum density of distribution of adult salmon exceeded 0.64 specs/m2, the density of spawning was 4.5 specs/m2.

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He, Yong Jun. "Preparation of Novel Silica Nanoparticle/Polystyrene Composite Microspheres in a Pickering Emulsion." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 2152–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.2152.

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Silica nanoparticle/polyaniline composite microspheres (SPCMs) were synthesized in a Pickering emulsion for the first time. The products were characterized by SEM and FTIR. The SPCMs were consisted of a polystryrene core and a silica nanoparticle shell. The average diameter of the SPCMs was about 3.3 μm. A mechanism for the formation of the SPCMs was discussed. The route reported here may be used for the preparation of other novel composite nanostructures.

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Arsi, Ranida, Sri Rejeki, and Achmad Zulfa Juniarto. "Endorphin, Oxytocin, And Suggestive Massage Stimulation (SPEOS) Methods In Increasing Breast Milk Production In Postpartum Mothers." Media Keperawatan Indonesia 4, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.26714/mki.4.2.2021.140-148.

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Postpartum pain and fatigue, impaired mobility, motivation, and psychological disorders of mother cause disturbances in the excretion of the breast which have an impact on the health of mother and baby. The SPEOS (Endorphin, Oxytocin, and Suggestive Massage Stimulation) methods is an alternative to help increase breastfeeding that combination of endorphin, oxytocin, and suggestive massage stimulation carried out sequentially which will feel the relaxation that stimulates the brain to release endorphin, prolactin and oxytocin hormones so that breast milk becomes smooth. The objective of this study to determine the effectiveness of the SPEOS methods in increasing breast milk production in postpartum mothers. A literature review through a review of nursing articles to identify SPEOS methods in increasing breast milk production in postpartum mothers. The author identifies research questions, identifies relevant articles, select articles, maps data and summarizes, analyzes and reports data. The databases used are Scopus, Medica Local Update, One Search and Google Scholar. Articles were filtered according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. 7 articles include the inclusion and exclusion criteria requirements, then the article was synthesized to see which was affected by SPEOS method, the duration of the SPEOS method, and the time the SPEOS method war administered. This literature review shows that the SPEOS methods effective in increasing breast milk production in postpartum mothers. The SPEOS method not only helps physically but psychologically through oxytocin, endorphin massage, and suggestive. The SPEOS method is carried out for a minimum of 3 days to get an increase in milk production. This method should be done 2 times a day for maximum results for at least 14 minutes. The SPEOS methods are effective in increasing breast milk production in postpartum mothers.

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Paradesi, Deivanayagam, Sivasubramanian Gandhimathi, Hariharasubramanian Krishnan, and Ramaswamy Jeyalakshmi. "A novel proton conducting polymer electrolyte membrane for fuel cell applications." High Performance Polymers 30, no. 1 (January 10, 2017): 116–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954008316684931.

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A series of phenolphthalein-based sulfonated poly(ether ether sulfone) (SPEES) membranes were synthesized by aromatic nucleophilic polymerization reaction. The degree of sulfonation was controlled by direct synthesis of sulfonated polymer, which leads to high thermal stability. The physicochemical properties of the SPEES membranes were studied in order to evaluate the suitability of these membranes in fuel cell applications. The ion-exchange capacity of the synthesized SPEES membranes was found in the range between 2.19 mequiv. g−1 and 2.35 mequiv. g−1. The morphology of the membranes was investigated with high-resolution scanning electron microscopy and confirmed the presence of hydrophilic domains that impart good proton conductivity. The membrane electrode assembly of SPEES-30 and SPEES-50 membranes has been successfully fabricated, where SPEES-50 produced a maximum peak power density of 643 mW cm−2 while applying in hydrogen–oxygen fuel cell.

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Phillips, Peter. "Gaudium et Spes." Journal of Catholic Social Thought 13, no. 2 (2016): 245–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jcathsoc20161327.

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&NA;. "PC-SPES overdose." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 875 (October 2001): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200108750-00035.

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Louw, Daniel J. "Fides Quaerens Spem." Interpretation: A Journal of Bible and Theology 57, no. 4 (October 2003): 384–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002096430005700404.

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Pouresmaeel-Selkjani, Peyman, Mohsen Jahanshahi, and Majid Peyravi. "Mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of nanoporous reinforced polysulfone membranes." High Performance Polymers 29, no. 7 (July 21, 2016): 759–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954008316656742.

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The effect of three different diphenols including 1,1′-thiobis(2-naphthol) (TBN), 2,2′-thiobis(4-methyl phenol) (TBMP) and curcumin (CUR) used in the preparation of sulfonated poly(ether sulfide sulfone) (SPESS) on the mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of polysulfone (PSf) membranes was studied. In this regard, the morphological characteristics of the nanoporous membranes were explored by developed image analyzer program. Based on the obtained results, PSf membrane modified by SPESS-TBN copolymer showed the best nominal tensile strength in comparison to the other samples with the value of 206 MPa. The optimum real tensile strength with the value of 322 MPa was observed for SPESS-TBMP membrane. It was found that the addition of SPESS, improved the mechanical and thermal properties as well as the performance of membranes. Inspections of scanning electron microscopic images for evaluation of the void properties of membranes revealed that there were 42.3, 8.76, 41.45 and 15.92% of void contents within the structures of neat PSf membrane, SPESS-CUR, SPESS-TBMP and SPESS-TBN, respectively. Moreover, some conceptual relations between morphological and mechanical properties were presented. Finally, the effect of the membrane chemical structure on the mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties was discussed in this study.

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Sakhnini, Lama, and Maheen Dairi. "Orientation of sea urchin sperms in static magnetic fields: Compared to human sperms." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 310, no. 2 (March 2007): e1035-e1037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2006.11.079.

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Langendijk, Henk, and Bart Van Praag. "De externe verslaggeving van Enron." Maandblad Voor Accountancy en Bedrijfseconomie 76, no. 6 (June 1, 2002): 253–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/mab.76.17494.

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Het doel van dit artikel is om de externe verslaggeving van Enron omtrent verbonden partijen, in het bijzonder de SPE’s, te behandelen en voorzover mogelijk te toetsen aan US GAAP. Hiertoe wordt in paragraaf 2 ingegaan op het fenomeen SPE, de criteria onder US GAAP om als SPE te kwalificeren en de toelichting die US GAAP vereist in het jaarrapport met betrekking tot verbonden partijen, in het bijzonder SPE’s. In paragraaf 3 wordt de werking van bepaalde transacties tussen Enron en enkele SPE’s behandeld, toegespitst op twee hoofdvormen: a. hedgetransacties Is door Enron voldaan aan de vereisten van US GAAP ten aanzien van de verwerking en toelichting van haar verbonden partijen, in het bijzonder de special purpose entities (SPE’s)? In dit artikel wordt deze vraag beantwoord, waarbij eerst kort wordt ingegaan op de relevante vereisten van US GAAP. Voorts wordt ingegaan op enkele transacties van Enron met haar SPE’s, teneinde de problematiek te illustreren. Vervolgens zijn de jaarrapporten Enron 1999 en 2000 getoetst aan de vereisten van US GAAP. Geconcludeerd kan worden dat deze jaarrapporten van Enron ten aanzien van SPE’s niet voldoen aan de vereisten van US GAAP.

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Wulandari, Risky Puji, and Mufdillah . "The Effect of Speos Method on the Quality of Postpartum Mother life at Mertoyudan I and Mertoyudan 2 Primary Health Center in 2018." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 6 (June 30, 2021): 1532–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211561532.

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Background: Postpartum mothers are potentially susceptible to postpartum care complications, such as postpartum blues and depression. SPEOS is a combination of endorphin massage techniques, oxytocin massage, and positive suggestions to improve life quality after childbirth. Aim: This study aimed to prove the SPEOS method's effectiveness on postpartum mothers' quality of life. Methods: This research was a quasi-experiment with a pretest-posttest control group design. The research was conducted in Mertoyudan I Primary Health Center and Mertoyudan II Health Center. The research subjects were 22 postpartum mothers taken using a simple random sampling technique. The independent variable in this study was the SPEOS method, and the dependent variable was the quality of life. The instrument used was the PQOL questionnaire. The data were analyzed using Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: The quality of postpartum mothers life scores increased (mean = 177.55 to 182.45, CI = 95%, p = 0.000), SPEOS method was more effective in improving the quality of life of post partum mothers (mean difference = 4.9, CI = 95%, p = 0,000). Conclusion: The SPEOS method affects improving the quality of life of Postpartum mothers. Keywords: SPEOS, quality of life, postpartum, breastfeeding mothers

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Raveney, Ben J. E., Wakiro Sato, Daiki Takewaki, Chenyang Zhang, Tomomi Kanazawa, Youwei Lin, Tomoko Okamoto, et al. "Involvement of cytotoxic Eomes-expressing CD4+ T cells in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 11 (March 8, 2021): e2021818118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2021818118.

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Multiple sclerosis (MS), a putative autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS), commonly presents as relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), characterized by recurrent episodes of peripheral disabling symptoms resulting from inflammatory CNS damage. Many RRMS patients transition to a chronic disease course with progressive neurological dysfunctions (secondary progressive MS, SPMS), with the progression rate varying between patients and over time. SPMS pathogenesis is now linked to immune-cell–mediated processes, although the mechanisms driving SPMS transition and progression remain elusive, and SPMS lacks biomarkers and effective treatments. We report the crucial involvement of cytotoxic CD4+ T cells expressing Eomes (Eomes+ Th cells) in SPMS pathogenesis—a Th cell subset previously identified in a mouse model of late/chronic autoimmune CNS inflammation. Few Eomes+ Th cells circulate in RRMS patient peripheral blood (n = 44), primary progressive MS (PPMS) patients (n = 25), or healthy controls (n = 42), but Eomes+ Th cells were significantly increased in SPMS (n = 105, P < 0.0001). Strikingly, lymphocytes isolated from SPMS autopsy brain samples revealed CD4+ T cells infiltrating CNS that coexpressed Eomes and the cytotoxic molecule granzyme B. In particular, the Eomes+ Th cell levels were increased in SPMS patients in progressive disease phases versus SPMS patients without current disability increases (P < 0.0001). Moreover, Eomes level acted as a biomarker to predict SPMS patients at risk of disease worsening with over 80% accuracy (ROC-AUC = 0.8276). Overall, our results indicate that granzyme B-expressing Eomes+ T helper cells are involved in the pathogenesis of SPMS, with significant implications for SPMS biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

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Wu, Kun Hong, and Fang Huang. "The Research on Adsorption of MB by SPES Microspheres and SPES Microspheres Wrapping Titanium Dioxide." Advanced Materials Research 1096 (April 2015): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1096.237.

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The polyethersulfone(PES) and sulfonated polyethersulfone(SPES) microspheres which all wraps titanium dioxide could be prepared by solvent evaporation method of double emulsion systems(W1/O/W2) or coagulation bath method. The results on the adsorption performance of methylene blue(MB) by PES and SPES microspheres wrapping titanium dioxide, SPES microspheres excluding titanium dioxide and the comparison of the isothermal and dynamic adsorption of SPES showed that, the adsorption performance of MB by SPES wrapping titanium dioxide is better than PES wrapping titanium dioxide, and the SPES excluding titanium dioxide is better than which wraps titanium dioxide.

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Luo, Ming Liang, Qing Zhi Wen, Hong Jian Liu, and Jia Lin Liu. "Effect of TiO₂ Nanoparticles on the Hydrophilicity of Sulfonated-Polyethersulfone." Advanced Materials Research 79-82 (August 2009): 663–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.79-82.663.

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Sulfonated-polyethersulfone/TiO2 (SPES/TiO2) nanoparticle composites with different TiO2 content were prepared by a sol-gel process. These composites have nanosized TiO2 rich domains well dispersed within SPES matrix observed by SEM photograph. The effect of TiO2 nanoparticles on the hydrophilicity of SPES was discussed by contact angle goniometer. The mechanism of the hydrophilicity improvement of these composites was analyzed by the molecular interaction theory and FT-IR. The hydrogen bond and coordination bond between SPES and TiO2 nanoparticle were observed. Comparing with the pure SPES, the SPES/TiO2 composites exhibited an outstanding increase in hydrophilicity.

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