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Academic literature on the topic 'Spells'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 August 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Spells"

1

Asmara, Andri, Yessi Fitriani, and Arif Ardiansyah. "The Structure and Function of Healing And Charm Spells." Jadila: Journal of Development and Innovation in Language and Literature Education 1, no. 2 (November 12, 2020): 193–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.52690/jadila.v1i2.60.

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This study aimed to determine the structure and function of healing and charm spells in Makarti Jaya village, Banyuasin District. This research used a qualitative descriptive method. The source of the data was 22 healing and charm spells which are taken from three informants. The data analysis used was content analysis. The results of this study indicated that not all spells mention a name component because some spells do not have a name element but still do not reduce the magical value of the spell, for a name is not a measure of whether the spell is effective. In the component of the opening greeting, The suggestions received in the analyzed spell are aimed at making the spell look pleasing. In the objective component, all spells have the same goal, which is to captivate the opposite sex. Whereas the closing element of all spells uses words from Arabic such as laillahailallah muhamadarasulullah. From the analysis of the seven healing spells and fifteen charm spells, it showed that the spell has a different structure and function according to the verse contained in the spell.

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2

Cox, Nicholas J. "Speaking Stata: Identifying Spells." Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata 7, no. 2 (June 2007): 249–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1536867x0700700209.

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Spells in time series (and more generally in any kind of one-dimensional series) may be defined as sequences of observations that are homogeneous in some sense. For example, a categorical variable may remain in the same state, or values of a measured variable may satisfy the same true–false condition. Devices for working with spells in Stata include marking the start of each spell with indicator variables and tagging spells with integer codes. Panel data are easy to handle with the by: prefix. Some kinds of spell identification require two passes through the data, as when only spells of some minimum length are of interest or short gaps are tolerable within spells. Many questions concerning spells are easy to answer given careful use of by: and appropriate sort order, selection of just 1 observation from each panel or spell, and appreciation of the many functions written for egen. Gaps before, between, and after spells can also be important, and I suggest a convention for handling them.

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Rao, T. Narayana, K. Saikranthi, B. Radhakrishna, and S. Vijaya Bhaskara Rao. "Differences in the Climatological Characteristics of Precipitation between Active and Break Spells of the Indian Summer Monsoon." Journal of Climate 29, no. 21 (October 10, 2016): 7797–814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0028.1.

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Abstract Climatological characteristics of precipitation during the active and break spells of the monsoon are studied using 15 years of TRMM measurements. The spatial variation of rain fraction suggests that most of the seasonal rainfall occurs in spells of active monsoon over India, except for the zones along the east coast. The broader reflectivity distribution at higher altitudes and larger average storm height during active spells indicate the high prevalence of deep systems during this spell. The spatial distribution of the occurrence and fraction of different types of rain exhibits large variability from land to ocean and between the spells. The higher occurrence and fraction of stratiform rain during the active spell, particularly over the core monsoon zone, is due to the prevalence of organized mesoscale systems with large stratiform portions. The break spells are characterized by higher occurrence of shallow rain and larger fraction of convective rain. While an evening peak is observed over land during the break spell, the phase of the diurnal cycle exhibits large spatial variability during the active spell. The rainfall peaks from late night to midnight in southeastern India and in the morning near the foothills of the Himalayas during the active spell. The diurnal and semidiurnal components together explain more than 90% of total variance over many of the zones during both spells. The observed differences in precipitation between the spells are discussed in light of the differences in synoptic- and mesoscale mechanisms responsible for the production of precipitation.

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Agus, Afdal, Bakhtaruddin Nasution, and Muhammad Ismail Nasution. "SASTRA LISAN MANTRA PENGOBATAN DI KENAGARIAN TALU KECAMATAN TALAMAU KABUPATEN PASAMAN BARAT." Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra 1, no. 3 (June 20, 2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/821910.

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This research aims to describe the (1) the structure of the text spells treatment, (2) supporting aspects spells reading of treatment, (3) the treatment of inheritance spells. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and recording. The results showed that the structure of the text spells treatment consists of: the opening section, part of the contents, and the end. Supporting aspects spells reading of treatment in Kenagarian Talu found: (1) time: free, wherever, (2) actors: shaman himself, (3) events: be seated, standing and kneeling, (4) where: in shaman home and patient home, (5) clothing: white clothes and free, (6) fixtures: medicine fit the type of illness, medicine is attached and drunk, (7) how to bring spell: slowly, cautiously, and whispered. Inheritance process of treatment spell is divided into two, (1) spells obtained from the parents, but some are obtained from family members, such as brothers, and (2) generally passed on to children.

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Preblick–Salib, Chris, and Andy Jagoda. "SPELLS." Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America 15, no. 3 (August 1997): 637–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0733-8627(05)70322-9.

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Murdoch, Ian A., Shakeel A. Qureshi, Rue Dos Anjos, Jonathan M. Parsons, Edward J. Baker, and Michael J. Tynan. "Hypercyanotic spells caused by antegrade catheterization of the pulmonary arteries in tetralogy of Fallot: fact or fiction?" Cardiology in the Young 1, no. 2 (April 1991): 136–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951100000251.

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SummaryBetween January 1985 and March 1990, 66 children with the tetralogy of Fallot underwent 85 cardiac catheterization procedures. The mean age at first procedure was 2.5 years (range 0.1–;14.4 years) and the mean weight was 10.4 kg ( range 2.4–36.0 kg). Diagnostic cardiac catheterization was performed in 60 procedures and balloon dilatation in 25. Hypercyanotic spells had occurred prior to 24 (28%) of the procedures (all the patients being on propranolol) and a systemic-to-pulmonary arterial shunt had been constructed before 28 (33%) procedures. Of the procedures, 54 (64%) were performed under local and 31(36%) under general anesthesia. The pulmonary trunk was entered antegradely in 52 procedures, retrogradely through a shunt in 6 and not entered in 27. Balloon dilatation was performed under general anesthesia on 25 occasions. No procedure was abandoned because of a cyanotic spell. Nine (11%) spells occurred during 86 procedures, one of the procedures being postponed because ofa spell occurring after premedication, the procedure and not, therefore, continuing to catheterization. Five spells occurred before the catheter was positioned in the heart, 2 spells occurred during catheterization. Of the spells, eight occurred during procedures in children who had not had previous shunts. Antegrade entry into the pulmonary trunk in the group with shunts was associated with no spells compared with 6/38 (18%) in the group not having undergone surgery (p<0.l). In the group not undergoing surgery, when the pulmonary trunk was not entered, 1 (5%) spell occurred during 19 procedures compared with 6/38 (18%) when the pulmonary trunk was entered (p<0.4). The only clinically important factor which significantly influenced the incidence of spells was the use of general anesthesia, which was associated with 6/31 (19%) spells compared with local anesthesia which was associated with 2/54 (4%) spells (p<0.026).

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Thomas, T., P. C. Nayak, and N. C. Ghosh. "Irrigation planning for sustainable rain-fed agriculture in the drought-prone Bundelkhand region of Madhya Pradesh, India." Journal of Water and Climate Change 5, no. 3 (February 14, 2014): 408–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2014.025.

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The recent spells of recurrent and consecutive droughts in the Bundelkhand region in Central India have led to uncertain rain-fed agriculture and its sustainability. Adequate knowledge of starting dates and lengths of dry spells has a considerable importance in rain-fed agriculture, irrigation planning, and various decision-making processes. The long dry spells incur heavy costs to the affected communities in the form of lost crop production and reduced crop yield, particularly in semi-arid regions. The sustainability of agriculture very much depends on the provision of supplemental irrigation during droughts, for which a detailed analysis of dry spells is a pre-requisite. An attempt has been made to study the temporal variation of dry spell lengths to identify whether it can be related to climate change. The dry spell analysis revealed that two critical dry spells with spell lengths of 10 days and more occurs invariably every year and therefore rain-fed agriculture needs adequate supplemental irrigation backup for sustainable operations under such a scenario. The supplemental irrigation requirements have been estimated for each critical dry spell period for all development blocks in each district, which will provide useful inputs to decision-makers for planning agricultural operations during an impending drought scenario.

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Zhao, Siyu, Yi Deng, and Robert X. Black. "Warm Season Dry Spells in the Central and Eastern United States: Diverging Skill in Climate Model Representation." Journal of Climate 29, no. 15 (July 19, 2016): 5617–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0321.1.

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Abstract Warm season dry spells over the central and eastern United States are classified into three canonical types via a hierarchical cluster analysis for the period 1950–2005. Four CMIP5 models exhibit diverging skill in representing the observed behavior, ranging from southern Great Plains dry spells that are reasonably simulated by all four models to southeastern U.S. dry spells that are only accurately captured by one model. A model’s skill in representing a particular dry spell cluster is positively correlated with the model’s ability to simulate the large-scale meteorological patterns (LMPs) accompanying the dry spell. The interannual variability and overall observed decreasing trend in dry spell days are represented with varying degrees of accuracy by the four models. The results 1) highlight existing shortcomings in the climate model representation of regional dry spells and 2) illustrate the importance of properly simulating the observed spectrum of LMPs in minimizing these shortcomings.

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Usman, Ahmad Aboki, and Mustapha Baba Aji Mamman. "Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Dry Spell for Agricultural Decision Support in North-Central Nigeria." Environmental and Earth Sciences Research Journal 9, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/eesrj.090101.

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This study aims to examine the trend and geospatial variability of dry spells for agricultural decision support. Daily precipitation data spanning from 1981 to 2020 was analyzed using the Instat climatic software to calculate rainfall onset, onset plus 50, length of the growing season, cessation, dry spell 1, and dry spell 2. Multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the trend in maximum dry spell length. Kriging method in Surfer 13 software was used to interpolate and plot dry spell distribution into a spatial grid in the study region. Based on records of daily rainfall data obtained from eight meteorological stations, the spatial distribution of dry spells was generated for the beginning and end of the season. The results obtained revealed a decreasing trend for maximum dry spell length during onset, meaning its recurrence is declining except in Bida, Minna, and Jos that show a positive trend. While the trend for maximum dry spell length at end of the season appears to be positive except for Lafia and Minna that shows a negative trend. The result further indicates that dry spells towards the end of the season are more severe than dry spells at beginning of the season.

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Liu, Yanbo, Yuxiong Chen, Dehui Kong, Xiaole Liu, Jia Fu, Yongqiao Zhang, Yakun Zhao, et al. "Short-term effects of cold spells on hospitalisations for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a time-series study in Beijing, China." BMJ Open 11, no. 1 (January 2021): e039745. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039745.

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ObjectivesOur work aimed at exploring the relationship between cold spells and acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) hospitalisations in Beijing, China, and assessing the moderating effects of the intensities and the durations of cold spells, as well as identifying the vulnerable.DesignA time-series study.SettingWe obtained time-series data of AECOPD hospitalisations, meteorological variables and air quality index in Beijing, China during 2012–2016.ParticipantsAll AECOPD hospitalisations among permanent residents in Beijing, China during the cold seasons (November–March) of 2012–2016 were included (n=84 571).Primary and secondary outcome measuresA quasi-Poisson regression with a distributed lag model was fitted to investigate the short-term effects of cold spells on AECOPD hospitalisations by comparing the counts of AECOPD admissions during cold spell days with those during non-cold spell days.ResultsCold spells under different definitions were associated with increased risk of AECOPD hospitalisations, with the maximum cumulative relative risk (CRR) over 3 weeks (lag0–21). The cumulative effects at lag0–21 increased with the intensities and the durations of cold spells. Under the optimal definition, the most significant single-day relative risk (RR) was found on the days of cold spells (lag0) with an RR of 1.042 (95% CI 1.013 to 1.072), and the CRR at lag0–21 was 1.394 (95% CI 1.193 to 1.630). The elderly (aged ≥65) were more vulnerable to the effects of cold spells on AECOPD hospitalisations.ConclusionCold spells are associated with increased AECOPD hospitalisations in Beijing, with the cumulative effects increased with intensities and durations. The elderly are at particular risk of AECOPD hospitalisations triggered by cold spells.

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More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Spells"

1

Fossaceca, Amy. "Monster spells /." Online version of thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11604.

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Mattsson, Johan. "Interaction through spells : establishing traces of invisible connections /." Stockholm, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-295.

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Cramer, Amanda Jo. "Nursing Perception of Psychogenic Nonepileptic Spells: Improving Patient Outcomes." Otterbein University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=otbn1460498802.

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Gong, Sheng. "Estimation of hot and cold spells with extreme value theory." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Matematisk statistik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-180372.

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5

Ziegler, Susy Svatek, Evan R. Larson, Julia Rauchfuss, and Grant P. Elliott. "Tree Establishment During Dry Spells At An Oak Savanna In Minnesota." Tree-Ring Society, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622571.

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Recent research has challenged the long-standing hypothesis that forests in the Upper Midwest of the United States developed during wetter periods and retreated during dry periods. We explored this debate by examining patterns of tree establishment on an oak savanna in east-central Minnesota within the context of variable moisture availability and fire suppression. We used superposed epoch analyses (SEA) to evaluate the mean moisture conditions for a 21-year window surrounding tree establishment dates. Before effective fire suppression (1809–1939), 24 of 42 trees with pith dates (62%) grew to 30-cm height during dry years (Palmer Drought Severity Index < -1), versus only 5 of 42 (12%) that established in wet years (PDSI > 1). Significantly more trees established during dry periods (negative PDSI values) than would be expected with the proportion of wet-to-dry years (x²= 10.738, df = 1, p-value = 0.001). Twenty of the complete sample of 74 trees with pith dates (27%) established during drought in the 1930s. We hypothesize that dry conditions limited plant productivity, which in turn decreased competition between grasses and tree seedlings and reduced rates of accumulation of fine fuels, enabling seedlings to grow tall enough to resist subsequent fires. We recommend SEA as a methodological approach to compare historical climate conditions with the timing of regeneration success in other regions of forest expansion.

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Ryti, N. R. (Niilo R. I. ). "On health effects of cold spells with a special reference to sudden cardiac death." Doctoral thesis, Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research (CERH), 2017. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526217574.

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Abstract There is substantial evidence on the associations between cold ambient temperature and adverse health effects. Less is known about the role of prolonged episodes of cold weather denoted as cold spells. This study assessed relations between cold spells and adverse health effects globally, and quantified and elaborated the associations between cold spells and sudden cardiac death (SCD) in northern Finland. Based on random-effects models in the meta-analyses of evidence from 9 studies around the world, cold spells were associated with increased mortality rates from all or all non-accidental causes (RR 1.10; 95% CI: 1.04–1.17), cardiovascular diseases (RR 1.11; 95% CI: 1.03–1.19), and respiratory diseases (RR 1.21; 95% CI: 0.97–1.51). Suggestive evidence of other health effects was identified. Investigating 51-years of coordinate-specific weather data at the home coordinates of autopsy-verified cases of SCD, conditional logistic regression in a case-crossover setting produced an estimate for the association between cold spells and the risk of SCD (OR 1.33; 95% CI: 1.00–1.78). A greater number of cold days preceding death increased the risk of SCD approximately 19% per day (OR 1.19; 95% CI: 1.07–1.32). The association between season-specific cold spells and SCD was strongest during autumn and winter, and lowest during spring and summer. The association was stronger for ischemic (OR 1.55; 95% CI: 1.12–2.13) than for non-ischemic SCD (OR 0.68; 95% CI: 0.32–1.45) (Q-statistic 3.85, p 0.05), confirmed by the autopsy finding. Among cases suffering ischemic SCD, the association seemed stronger in those without a prior diagnosis of ischemic heart disease than in those diagnosed during lifetime. The association seemed stronger with severe coronary stenosis (OR 1.60; 95% CI: 1.11–2.30), and weaker with moderate stenosis (OR 0.97; 95% CI: 0.37–2.55). The use of aspirin, β-blockers, and nitrates seemed to decrease the risk of ischemic SCD during cold spells. In conclusion, cold spells increased the risk of ischemic SCD, and patients without appropriate diagnosis and medications for ischemic heart disease seemed most susceptible. The results indicate that coronary stenosis plays a central role in the cold-related pathogenesis of SCD. Timely diagnosis and treatment of ischemic heart disease might reduce weather-related SCDs in a community
Tiivistelmä Kylmän lämpötilan ja terveyshaittojen välisistä yhteyksistä on vahva tutkimusnäyttö. Vähemmän tiedetään pitkittyneiden kylmäjaksojen ja terveyshaittojen välisistä yhteyksistä. Tutkimuksessa arvioitiin kylmäjaksojen ja terveyshaittojen välisiä yhteyksiä globaalisti, ja määritettiin kylmäjaksojen ja sydänperäisen äkkikuoleman (SÄK) välisiä yhteyksiä Pohjois-Suomessa. Yhdeksän eri puolella maailmaa toteutetun tutkimuksen tulosten meta-analyysissa satunnaisvaikutusten malli osoitti yhteyden kylmäjaksojen ja kaikkien tai luonnollisien syiden (RR 1.10; 95% CI: 1.04–1.17), sydän- ja verisuonisairauksien (RR 1.11; 95% CI: 1.03–1.19), ja hengityselimistön sairauksien (RR 1.21; 95% CI: 0.97–1.51) kuolleisuuden välillä. Viitteellistä näyttöä havaittiin muista terveyshaitoista. Tutkittaessa 51-vuoden koordinaattikohtaista säätä case-crossover-asetelmassa oikeuslääketieteellisesti vahvistettujen SÄK-tapausten kotiosoitteissa, ehdollisen logistisen regression mukaan SÄK:n riski oli yhteydessä kuolemaa edeltävään kylmäjaksoon (OR 1.33; 95% CI: 1.00–1.78). Lisääntyvä kylmien päivien lukumäärä ennen kuolemaa lisäsi riskiä keskimäärin 19% päivää kohden (OR 1.19; 95% CI: 1.07–1.32). Yhteys kausikohtaisten kylmäjaksojen ja SÄK:n välillä oli vahvin syksyllä ja talvella, ja heikoin keväällä ja kesällä. Yhteys oli vahvempi kylmäjaksojen ja iskeemisen SÄK:n (OR 1.55; 95% CI: 1.12–2.13) kuin kylmäjaksojen ja ei-iskeemisen SÄK:n (OR 0.68; 95% CI: 0.32–1.45) välillä (Q-statistic 3.85, p 0.05). Iskeemisen SÄK:n kokeneilla yhteys vaikutti vahvemmalta tapauksilla joilla ei ollut aiempaa iskeemisen sydänsairauden diagnoosia, kuin tapauksilla jotka oli diagnosoitu elinaikana. Yhteys vaikutti vahvemmalta vaikea-asteisesta sepelvaltimostenoosia sairastavilla (OR 1.60; 95% CI: 1.11–2.30), kuin lievempi-asteisessa stenoosissa (OR 0.97; 95% CI: 0.37–2.55). Aspiriini, β-salpaajat, ja nitraatit vaikuttivat vähentävän iskeemisen SÄK:n riskiä kylmäjakson aikana. Yhteenvetona, kylmäjaksot lisäsivät iskeemisen SÄK:n riskiä, ja potilaat vailla iskeemisen sydänsairauden diagnoosia ja lääkityksiä vaikuttivat olevan alttiimpia kylmäjaksojen haittavaikutuksille. Tulokset viittaavat sepelvaltimostenoosin keskeiseen rooliin kylmään liittyvän SÄK:n patogeneesissä. Varhainen iskeemisen sydänsairauden diagnoosi ja siihen liittyvä sydäntä suojaava lääkitys voisivat vähentää säähän liittyviä SÄK:a

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Hidas, Gergely. "Mahapratisara-Mahavidyarajni, The Great Amulet, Great Queen of Spells : introduction, critical editions and annotated translation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.504027.

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Gitau, Wilson. "Diagnosis and predictability of intraseasonal characteristics of wet and dry spells over equatorial east Africa." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00794889.

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Most of Eastern Africa has arid and semi-arid climate with high space-time variability in rainfall. The droughts are very common in this region, and often persist for several years, preceded or followed by extreme floods. Most of the livelihoods and socio-economic activities however remain rain-dependent leading to severe negative impacts during the periods of occurrence of climate extremes. It has been noted that one extreme event was capable of reversing national economic growth made over a period of several years. Thus no sustainable development can be attained in eastern Africa without effective mainstreaming of climate information in the development policies, plans and programmes. Many past studies in the region have focused on rainfall variability at seasonal, annual and decadal scales. Very little work has been done at intraseasonal timescale that is paramount to most agricultural applications. This study aims at filling this research gap, by investigating the structure of rainfall season in terms of the distribution of wet and dry spells and how this distribution varies in space and time at interannual time scale over Equatorial Eastern Africa. Prediction models for use in the early warning systems aimed at climate risk reduction were finally developed. The specific objectives of the study include, delineate and diagnose the some aspects of the distribution of the wet and dry spells at interannual timescale; investigate the linkages between the aspects of the distribution of wet and dry spells identified and dominant large scale climate fields that drive the global climate; and assess the predictability of the various aspects of wet and dry spells for the improvement of the use in the early warning systems of the region.Several datasets spanning a period of 40 years (1961 - 2000) were used. The data included gauged daily rainfall amount for the three Eastern Africa countries namely Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania; Hadley Centre Sea Surface Temperature (SST); re-analysis data and radiosonde observations from Nairobi (Kenya) and Bangui (Central Africa Republic) upper air stations. The indices of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Indian Ocean Dipole and SST gradients which constituted the predefined predictors were also used [...]

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Asselmann, Eva. "The role of fearful spells as risk factors for panic pathology and other mental disorders." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-158099.

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Background. Previous research suggests that individuals experiencing DSM-IV panic attacks (PA) are at increased risk for various forms of psychopathology, including anxiety, depressive and substance use disorders. However, little is known regarding whether the sole occurrence of fearful spells (FS-only; distressing spells of anxiety with less than four panic symptoms and/or lacking crescendo in symptom onset) similarly elevates the risk for subsequent psychopathology and could therefore be promising to identify high-risk groups for targeted preventive interventions. Thus, the current dissertation thesis aims to examine (a) whether FS-only predict incident mental disorders in addition to full-blown PA and whether their associations with subsequent psychopathology differ from those obtained for PA, (b) whether FS-only, PA, and panic disorder (PD) share similar etiologies, (c) which characteristics of initial FS/PA and other risk factors predict a progression to more severe panic pathology and other mental disorders, and (d) whether help-seeking/potential treatment in individuals with panic alters the risk for subsequent psychopathology. Methods. A representative community sample of adolescents and young adults (N=3021, aged 14-24 at baseline) was prospectively followed up in up to three assessment waves over a time period of up to 10 years. FS-only, PA, PD, and other mental disorders were assessed at each assessment wave using the DSM-IV-M-CIDI. Additional modules/questionnaires were used to assess characteristics of initial FS/PA (T1/T2), potential risk factors, and help-seeking/potential treatment. Logistic regressions were applied to test associations (Odds Ratios, OR) of FS-only and PA at baseline with incident mental disorders at follow-up as well as respective interactive effects with help-seeking at baseline. Associations (Hazard Ratios, HR) of putative risk factors with the onset of panic pathology (FS-only, PA, and PD) or the onset of subsequent anxiety/depressive vs. substance use disorders in those with panic pathology (aggregated data across assessment waves) were estimated with Cox regressions. Multinomial logistic regressions were used to test associations of initial FS/PA characteristics (aggregated from T1 and T2) with PA and PD (lifetime incidences aggregated across assessment waves). Results. FS-only at baseline predicted incident anxiety and depressive disorders at follow-up (OR 1.59-4.36), while PA at baseline predicted incident anxiety, depressive, and substance use disorders at follow-up (OR 2.08-8.75; reference group: No FS/PA). Merely any anxiety disorder (OR=3.26) and alcohol abuse/dependence (OR=2.26) were significantly more strongly associated with PA than with FS-only. Female sex, parental anxiety disorders, parental depressive disorders, behavioral inhibition, harm avoidance, lower coping efficacy, and parental rejection predicted FS-only, PA, and PD (HR 1.2-3.0), whereas the associations with other risk factors partially differed for FS-only, PA, and PD and tended to be more pronounced for PA and PD than for FS-only. Alcohol consumption, use of drugs/medication, and physical illness as perceived reasons for the initial FS/PA were associated with the occurrence of full-blown PA (without PD, OR 2.46-5.44), while feelings of anxiety/depression and having always been anxious/nervous as perceived reasons for the initial FS/PA, appraising the initial FS/PA as terrible and long-term irritating/burdensome, subsequent feelings of depression, avoidance of situations/places, and consumption of medication, alcohol, or drugs were associated with the development of PD (OR 2.64-4.15). A longer duration until “feeling okay again” was associated with both PA and PD (OR 1.29-1.63 per category). Moreover, partially different risk constellations in subjects with panic pathology (FS/PA/PD) predicted the onset of subsequent anxiety/depressive vs. substance use disorders. Panic pathology (FS/PA) and help-seeking/potential treatment at baseline interacted on predicting incident PD (OR=0.09) and depression (OR=0.22) at follow-up in a way that panic pathology only predicted these disorders in individuals not seeking help at baseline. Conclusions. Findings suggest that individuals with FS-only are at similar risk of developing subsequent psychopathology compared to individuals with full-blown PA. Specific initial FS/PA characteristics and additional risk factors may be used to identify sub-groups of individuals with panic pathology, which are at particular risk of progressing to more severe panic pathology or other mental disorders and might therefore profit from supplemental outcome-related preventive interventions in addition to panic-specific treatment. Future research may replicate the current findings and test the efficacy of targeted preventive interventions in panickers at elevated risk for PD and other forms of psychopathology
Theoretischer Hintergrund. Auf Grundlage früherer Forschungsbefunde ist anzunehmen, dass Personen mit DSM-IV-Panikattacken (PA) ein erhöhtes Risiko für zahlreiche psychische Störungen, einschließlich Angst-, depressiver und Substanzstörungen, aufweisen. Unklar ist jedoch, ob das alleinige Auftreten von Fearful Spells (FS-only, Angstanfälle mit weniger als vier Paniksymptomen und/oder fehlendem Crescendo in der Symptomentwicklung) das Risiko für Psychopathologie in ähnlicher Weise erhöht und hilfreich sein könnte, um Hochrisikogruppen für Präventivinterventionen zu identifizieren. Innerhalb der vorliegenden Dissertation wird daher untersucht, (a) ob FS-only zusätzlich zu PA inzidente psychische Störungen vorhersagen und ob sich Unterschiede in den Assoziationen von FS-only vs. PA mit nachfolgender Psychopathologie ergeben, (b) ob FS-only, PA und Panikstörung (PS) ähnliche Ätiologien teilen, (c) welche Merkmale initialer FS/PA und welche anderen Risikofaktoren die Entwicklung schwerer Panikpathologie und weiterer psychischer Störungen vorhersagen und (d) ob Hilfesuchverhalten/potenzielle Behandlung bei Personen mit Panik das Risiko für nachfolgende Psychopathologie verändert. Methodik. Eine repräsentative Bevölkerungsstichprobe Jugendlicher und junger Erwachsener (N=3021, 14-24 Jahre zur Baseline-Erhebung) wurde in bis zu drei Erhebungswellen über einen Zeitraum von bis zu 10 Jahren untersucht. FS-only, PA, PS und andere psychische Störungen wurden zu jeder Erhebungswelle mithilfe des DSM-IV-M-CIDI erfasst. Merkmale initialer FS/PA (T1/T2), mögliche Risikofaktoren sowie Hilfesuchverhalten/potenzielle Behandlung wurden mit weiteren Modulen und Fragebögen erhoben. Mithilfe logistischer Regressionen wurden Assoziationen (Odds Ratios, OR) von FS-only und PA zu Baseline mit inzidenten psychischen Störungen zum Follow-Up sowie diesbezügliche Interaktionen mit Hilfesuchverhalten zu Baseline getestet. Zusammenhänge zwischen möglichen Risikofaktoren und dem Auftreten von Panikpathologie (FS-only, PA und PS) bzw. nachfolgender Angst-/depressiver und Substanzstörungen bei Personen mit Panikpathologie (Verwendung von über die Erhebungswellen hinweg aggregierter Daten) wurden mithilfe von Cox-Regressionen geschätzt. Multinomiale logistische Regressionen wurden genutzt, um Assoziationen von Merkmalen initialer FS/PA (aggregiert über T1 und T2) mit PA und PS (über die Erhebungswellen hinweg aggregierte Lebenszeitinzidenzen) zu erfassen. Ergebnisse. FS-only zu Baseline sagten inzidente Angst- und depressive Störungen zum Follow-Up vorher (OR 1.59-4.36), wohingegen PA zu Baseline inzidente Angst-, depressive und Substanzstörungen zum Follow-Up vorhersagten (OR 2.08-8.75; Referenzkategorie: Keine FS/PA). Lediglich irgendeine Angststörung (OR=3.26) und Alkoholmissbrauch/-abhängigkeit (OR=2.26) waren signifikant stärker mit PA als mit FS-only assoziiert. Weibliches Geschlecht, elterliche Angst- und depressive Störungen, Verhaltenshemmung, Schadensvermeidung, geringere Coping-Erwartung und elterliche Zurückweisung sagten FS-only, PA und PS vorher (HR 1.2-3.0), während sich teils unterschiedliche Assoziationen anderer Risikofaktoren mit FS-only, PA und PS ergaben, die tendenziell stärker für PA und PS als für FS-only waren. Alkoholkonsum, Drogen-/Medikamentengebrauch und körperliche Erkrankungen als wahrgenommene Gründe für die initiale FS/PA waren mit dem Auftreten vollständiger PA assoziiert (ohne PS; OR 2.46-5.44), während Gefühle von Angst/Depression und die Einschätzung schon immer ängstlich/nervös gewesen zu sein als wahrgenommene Gründe für die initiale FS/PA, die Bewertung der initialen FS/PA als schrecklich und langfristig verunsichernd/belastend, nachfolgende Gefühle von Niedergeschlagenheit, Vermeidung von Situationen/Orten und Konsum von Medikamenten, Alkohol oder Drogen mit der Entwicklung von PS assoziiert waren (OR 2.64-4.15). Eine längere Dauer bis sich die betroffene Person wieder vollständig in Ordnung fühlte war sowohl mit PA als auch mit PS assoziiert (OR 1.29-1.63 pro Kategorie). Weiterhin sagten teils unterschiedliche Risikokonstellationen bei Personen mit Panikpathologie (FS/PA/PS) die nachfolgende Entstehung von Angst-/depressiven und Substanzstörungen vorher. Panikpathologie (FS/PA) und Hilfesuchverhalten/potenzielle Behandlung zu Baseline interagierten bei der Vorhersage von inzidenter PS (OR=0.09) und Depression (OR=0.22) zum Follow-Up; d.h. das Vorhandensein von Panikpathologie sagte diese Störungen nur bei Personen ohne, nicht aber bei Personen mit Hilfesuchverhalten zu Baseline vorher. Schlussfolgerungen. Die vorliegenden Ergebnisse implizieren, dass Personen mit FS-only im Vergleich zu Personen mit vollständigen PA ein ähnliches Risiko für die Entwicklung nachfolgender Psychopathologie aufweisen. Spezifische Merkmale initialer FS/PA und zusätzliche Risikofaktoren könnten zur Identifikation von Sub-Gruppen von Personen mit Panik genutzt werden, die sich durch ein besonderes Risiko für schwergradige Panikpathologie und andere psychische Störungen auszeichnen und demzufolge von Outcome-bezogenen Präventionen (ergänzend zu Panik-spezifischer Intervention) profitieren könnten. Zukünftige Studien sollten die vorliegenden Befunde replizieren und die Effektivität gezielter Präventivinterventionen bei Personen mit erhöhtem Risiko für PS und andere psychische Störungen testen

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Shaw, B. "An extended Bayesian network approach to model the health care costs of patient spells in hospital." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.431637.

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Books on the topic "Spells"

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Pike, Aprilynne. Spells. New York: HarperCollins, 2010.

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Asimov, Isaac. Spells. New York: New American Library, 1985.

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Simon & Schuster Books for Young Readers, ed. Spells. New York: Simon & Schuster Books for Young Readers, 2009.

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Pike, Aprilynne. Spells. New York: HarperTeen, 2010.

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Pike, Aprilynne. Spells. New York: HarperTeen, 2010.

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Faulkner. Light Spells. Cambridge, UK: Kettle's Yard Gallery, 2003.

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Coleman, Loren L., and Jean Little. Crime spells. New York, NY: DAW Books, 2009.

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Bretton, Barbara. Spells & stitches. Waterville, Maine: Thorndike Press, 2012.

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Cooley, C. Ryder. Finger spells. Johnson, VT: C. Ryder Cooley, 2004.

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ill, Boisteau Manu, and Papademetriou Lisa, eds. Beatrice's spells. New York: Hyperion Books for Children, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Spells"

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Ahmed, Tageldin, Yamuna Sanil, and Sabrina M. Heidemann. "Hypercyanotic Spells." In Cardiac Emergencies in Children, 161–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73754-6_9.

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van Spanje, Isabelle. "Breath-holding spells." In Kleine kwalen bij kinderen, 107–11. Houten: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-368-1696-0_18.

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Malmstedt, Göran. "Spells and Charms." In Premodern Beliefs and Witch Trials in a Swedish Province, 1669-1672, 133–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76120-2_8.

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Visser, Margot. "Breath-holding spells." In Kleine Kwalen bij kinderen, 91–94. Houten: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-368-2739-3_18.

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van Spanje, I. A. P. "32 Breath-holding spells." In Kleine kwalen bij kinderen, 200–203. Houten: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-368-1394-5_32.

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Guinness, Gerald. "From Spells to Spills." In Auctor Ludens, 1. Philadelphia/Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cl.2.03gui.

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Neches, William H., Gregory H. Tatum, and Michael L. Rigby. "Cyanosis and Cyanotic Spells." In Pediatric Heart Disease, 276–79. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444360981.ch41.

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"Spells." In Tales of the Yanomami, 106–23. Cambridge University Press, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511720260.009.

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Adams, Andrea C. "Spells." In Mayo Clinic Essential Neurology, 280–327. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190206895.003.0009.

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Spells are transient disorders that indicate reversible alterations in neuronal excitability. Transient disorders can affect the central or peripheral nervous system and can be generalized or focal. Examples of generalized transient disorders are generalized seizures, syncope, concussion, and cataplexy. Examples of focal transient disorders are focal seizures, transient ischemic attacks, migraine, transient mononeuropathies, paresthesias, muscle cramps, and tonic spasms.

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"Spells." In Mayo Clinic Essential Neurology, 213–45. CRC Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b14438-10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Spells"

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Eddy, Ray, Carissa Baker, Robert Macy, John Murray, and Anastasia Salter. "Hacking Droids and Casting Spells." In HT '20: 31st ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3372923.3404801.

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Dmitrieva, Oksana. "RITUALS AND SPELLS DEDICATED TO THE GODDESS AIYYSYT." In 4th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES and ARTS Proceedings. STEF92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2017/62/s28.089.

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Ardhian, D., N. Fauzi, V. Hardinata, Warsiman Warsiman, and E. Mutiarazani. "Local Wisdom in Suwuk of Javanese Spells: Ethnolinguistics Studies." In First International Conference on Advances in Education, Humanities, and Language, ICEL 2019, Malang, Indonesia, 23-24 March 2019. EAI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.23-3-2019.2284920.

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Fishell, W., and C. Floyd. "RIU -- Spells Command And Control For F-16(R)." In 31st Annual Technical Symposium, edited by Paul A. Henkel, Francis R. LaGesse, and Wayne W. Schurter. SPIE, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.942270.

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"FORECASTING TENURE DURATIONS FROM SURVEY RESPONSES ON CURRENT SPELLS." In 17th Annual European Real Estate Society Conference: ERES Conference 2010. ERES, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres2010_374.

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Kehlenbeck II, Donnie, and Jim McNicol. "Abandonment Barrier Placement with Novel Analysis Spells Success in Deepwater." In SPE/IADC International Drilling Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/212444-ms.

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Abstract A major Deepwater operator in the Gulf of Mexico needed to set a 330 ft cross sectional cement barrier in 13 5/8" × 20" casing. This well in over 6, 000 ft+ MD water depth required a cement barrier placed just above the 20" casing shoe in order to meet the qualifications to plug and abandon the well. The 13 5/8" Perf/Wash/Cement system was the best solution to circulate/place cement in a controlled and focused area. The 330 ft long section was planned to be washed and cemented in one run and verified by pressure testing and tagging top of cement. Careful study of Cement Bond Logs and fluid hydraulic calculations was shared in extensive meetings with product experts, engineers, and other 3rd party vendors involved with the job. This novel analysis, great teamwork and a fit for purpose tool helped ensure that the job was successfully completed. The 13 5/8" Perforate, Wash and Cement Tool was successfully deployed for washing and cementing of the interval with even rates at 1200 lpm. After performing the operation the Operator tagged top of cement 6 feet above planned height which proved our analysis and calculations, and a confirmed positive/negative test allowed them to move on with the completion of the plug and abandonment of the well. This was the first operation of its kind in Deepwater Gulf of Mexico and proved to be a viable solution to accurately place an approved and quality cement job behind casing free of unwanted debris that could create micro annuli. This type of operation requires thorough analysis and calculations to ensure the well conditions and tool are fit for purpose and will result in a successful operation. This achievement was the precursor to many more jobs that are suited for this application in the region.

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Sharifi, Erfaneh, Koichi Unami, and Masayuki Fujihara. "Modeling Alternation of Dry and Wet Spells Using the Langevin Equation." In Second International Conference on Vulnerability and Risk Analysis and Management (ICVRAM) and the Sixth International Symposium on Uncertainty, Modeling, and Analysis (ISUMA). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413609.200.

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Reiter, Joel, Marco Ricci, and Shahriar Shahzeidi. "Total Resolution Of "Dying Spells" Due To Lung Hyperinflation After Lobectomy." In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a3385.

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Penman, Janice. "P-75 Spells of care could work magic in the community…" In Leading, Learning and Innovating, Hospice UK 2017 National Conference, 22–24 November 2017, Liverpool. British Medical Journal Publishing Group, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjspcare-2017-hospice.102.

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Kurnianto, Ery, Yulianeta Yulianeta, Mochamad Fikri, and Inni Istiana. "The Cultural Meaning of the Wonosobo Social Community in Agricultural Spells." In Proceedings of the First International Conference on Democracy and Social Transformation, ICON-DEMOST 2021, September 15, 2021, Semarang, Indonesia. EAI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.15-9-2021.2315602.

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Reports on the topic "Spells"

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Meyer, Bruce. Unemployment Insurance And Unemployment Spells. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w2546.

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-, Hurriyah. Fewer women in parliament spells trouble. Edited by Ria Ernunsari and Reece Hooker. Monash University, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54377/db21-0bdc.

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Ved, Mahendra. President Mukherjee spells vision for a turbulent India. East Asia Forum, August 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.59425/eabc.1344938403.

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Biever, Luigi E. Army Transformation - Beyond the Technology Integrated Planning Spells Success. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada432827.

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Hoynes, Hilary Williamson. Local Labor Markets and Welfare Spells: Do Demand Conditions Matter? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w5643.

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Pries, Michael, and Richard Rogerson. Declining Worker Turnover: the Role of Short Duration Employment Spells. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w26019.

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Molloy Murphy, Angela. Animal Magic, Secret Spells, and Green Power: More-Than-Human Assemblages of Children's Storytelling. Portland State University Library, June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.7318.

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Stevens, Ann Huff. Climbing Out of Poverty, Falling Back In: Measuring the Persistence of Poverty over Multiple Spells. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w5390.

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Heim, Bradley, Ithai Lurie, Elena Patel, and Shanthi Ramnath. Medicaid-ing Uninsurance? The Impact of the Affordable Care Act’s Medicaid Expansion on Uninsurance Spells. Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21033/wp-2023-41.

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Card, David, and Phillip Levine. Extended Benefits and the Duration of UI Spells: Evidence from the New Jersey Extended Benefit Program. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6714.

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