Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Speech verbs'
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1
Баранова, Світлана Володимирівна, Светлана Владимировна Баранова, Svitlana Volodymyrivna Baranova, and O. Shcherbyna. "Paradigmatic group of verbs of speech activity." Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2005. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/19597.
2
Koulibali, Yelle. "Les constructions des verbes hyperfréquents dans des corpus d’écrits scolaires : Contribution d’une étude textométrique à la connaissance des usages des verbes de parole et d'états mentaux par les collegiens de (6e et 5e) en éducation prioritaire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., CY Cergy Paris Université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023CYUN1254.
Abstract:
Les recherches sur l’écriture scolaire ont longtemps privilégié des analyses qualitatives enraison des difficultés d’exploitation quantitative en traitement automatique du langage. Cesdifficultés étaient principalement dues au caractère non normé de ces écrits qui les rendaitjusqu’à présent réfractaires à la numérisation, à l’étiquetage et même à l’analyse (Elalouf &Boré, 2007). Un traitement avec le logiciel iTrameur, établi en collaboration avec le laboratoire CLESTHIA (Doquet, David & Fleury, 2017), nous a permis d’effectuer l’analyse textométrique d’un corpus d’écrits scolaires constitué de dix séries de dossiers génétiques comportant chacun l’ensemble des productions écrites d’une classe de l’avant-texte à la version finale. Ce corpus a été recueilli en classes de 6e et de 5e sur une durée de 3 ans dans le cadre d’une recherche collaborative visant à expérimenter un dispositif d’accompagnement à l’autonomie scripturale.Il est venu compléter un premier corpus d’écrits scolaires, scanné, transcrit et annoté, réalisé dans le cadre de notre stage de master au laboratoire ÉMA, et déposé sur le site Ortolang proposé par Huma.Notre hypothèse est qu’un codage systématique des verbes de parole et d’état mental,s’appuyant sur la construction d’un lexique-grammaire (Dubois & Dubois-Charlier, 1997)ferait apparaître la variété des formes et des constructions attestées dans les usages langagiers des élèves. L’objectif de la thèse est de caractériser parmi ces emplois ceux des verbes hyperfréquents. Ces verbes, dont les travaux pionniers de Jacqueline Picoche (2002) ont montré l’importance dans l’organisation du lexique, ont la particularité d’être très polysémiques et d’entrer dans de nombreuses constructions. Notre analyse a consisté à comparer les constructions observées dans le corpus d’écrits scolaires à celles recensées dans des dictionnaires d’apprentissage ainsi que dans le corpus oral Orféo, en tenant compte de la fréquence des verbes que les élèves ont pu rencontrer dans leurs manuels de lecture du primaire grâce à la base Manulex. Nos résultats montrent que les structures fondamentales du français sont présentes dans notre corpus et que des réseaux lexicaux relient des verbes hyperfréquents à d’autres moins fréquents. Nous avons pu montrer que la présence ou l’absence de certains verbes était étroitement liée au genre de texte demandé par la consigne et aux possibilités de relecture, discussion orale et réécriture permises par le dispositif. Ces résultats confirment que le verbe est une catégorie majeure pour l’apprentissage du lexique et de l’écriture en raison de son rôle dans l’énonciation, la relation prédicative et l’organisation discursiveResearch on academic writing has long favored qualitative analyzes due to the difficulties ofquantitative exploitation in automatic language processing. These difficulties were mainly due to the non-standardized nature of these writings which until now made them refractory to digitization, labeling and even analysis (Elalouf & Boré, 2007). Treatment with iTrameursoftware, established in collaboration with the CLESTHIA laboratory (Doquet, David &Fleury, 2017), allowed a textometric analysis of a corpus of school writings consisting of tenseries of genetic files, each containing all the written productions of a class from the preliminary text to the final version. This corpus was collected in classes of 6e and 5e over a period of 3 years as part of a collaborative research aimed at experimenting with a support system for scriptural autonomy. It came to complete a first corpus of school writings, scanned, transcribed and annotated, realized as part of our master's internship at the EMA laboratory, and deposited on the Ortolang website proposed by Huma. Our hypothesis is that a systematic coding of speech and mental state verbs, based on the construction of a lexicon-grammar (Dubois & Dubois-Charlier, 1997) would reveal the variety of forms and constructions attested in the language uses of students. The objective of the thesis is to characterize among these uses those of hyperfrequent verbs. These verbs, whose pioneering work of Jacqueline Picoche (2002) showed the importance in the organization of the lexicon, have the particularity of being very polysemic and entering into many constructions.Our analysis consisted in comparing the constructions observed in the corpus of school writings with those identified in learning dictionaries as well as in the Orféo oral corpus, taking into account the frequency of verbs that students were able to encounter in their primary reading textbooks thanks to the Manulex database. Our results show that the fundamental structures of French are present in our corpus and that lexical networks connect hyperfrequent verbs to less frequent ones. We were able to show that the presence or absence of certain verbs was closely related to the type of text requested by the instruction and the possibilities of rereading, oral discussion and rewriting allowed by the writing protocol. These results confirm that the verb is a major category for lexicon and writing learning because of its role in enunciation, predicative relationship and discursive organization
3
Proctor-Williams, Kerry, and Marc E. Fey. "Recast Density and Acquisition of Novel Irregular Past Tense Verbs." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1775.
Abstract:
Purpose: Children with specific language impairment (SLI) lag behind children with typical language (TL) in their grammatical development, despite equivalent early exposure to recasts in conversation (M. E. Fey, T. E. Krulik, D. F. Loeb, & K. Proctor-Williams, 1999) and the ability to learn from recasts in intervention as quickly as do children with TL (K. E. Nelson, S. Camarata, J. Welsh, L. Butovsky, & M. Camarata, 1996). This experiment tested whether this apparent paradox could be attributed to variations in the density of recasts in conversation versus intervention.
Method: Thirteen children (7–8 years of age) with SLI and 13 language-similar children (5–6 years of age) with TL were exposed to 3 recast densities of novel irregular past tense verbs (none, conversation-like, intervention-like) over 5 sessions. Outcomes were based on spontaneous conversational productions and a post-test probe.
Results: As predicted, at conversation-like densities, children with TL more accurately produced the target verbs they heard in recasts than in nonrecast models (d = 0.58), children with SLI showed no differences, and children with TL produced the verbs more accurately than did children with SLI (d = 0.54). Contrary to expectations, at higher intervention-like recast densities, the SLI group did not improve their accuracy, and the TL group performances were significantly poorer (d = 0.47).
Conclusion: At conversational levels, recasts facilitated greater verb learning than models alone but only in the TL group. Increasing recast density to the modest levels in this brief intervention experiment did not benefit children with SLI and led to poorer learning for children with TL. To optimize learning, efficiency of recast distribution as well as rate must be considered.
4
Corey, Vicka Rael. "The electrophysiological difference between nouns and verbs /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9092.
5
Brophy, Elizabeth Rose. "Generalization across verb types after Verb Network Strengthening Treatment (VNeST): A treatment study." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2016. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/406357.
Abstract:
Communication SciencesM.A.
Research in communication disorders suggests that training linguistically complex forms will generalize to untrained, simpler forms with similar structural properties (see Thompson, 2007 for review). The present study investigated generalization patterns from transitive verbs to two classes of intransitive verbs following administration of Verb Network Strengthening Treatment (VNeST; Edmonds, Nadeau & Kiran, 2009). Based on the Argument Structure Complexity Hypothesis (ASCH; Thompson, 2003), it was predicted that greater generalization would occur to unergatives because unergatives bear a structural relationship to transitive verbs and unaccusatives do not. Results at post-treatment supported the hypothesis with both intransitive verb types showing generalization and slightly higher effect sizes observed for unergative than for unaccusative verbs. At maintenance, this pattern was not maintained due to improvements in production of unaccusative verbs. Results support the findings of Edmonds et al. (2009) that administration of VNeST results in gains on measures of untrained, semantically related verbs as well as standardized measures of lexical retrieval and connected speech. These results also suggest that training transitive verbs results in slight generalization to untrained intransitive verbs; however, it is inconclusive whether unergative and unaccusatives intransitives show differential improvement.
Temple University--Theses
6
Pasenkova, Irina. "A Cross-linguistic comparison of the verbs of speaking with the component of non-standard speech and their translation (English-Russian)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669340.
Abstract:
In this dissertation we examine the sphere of the English verbs of speaking (VoS) with 2 components: the manner of speaking component (MoSC) and the component of non-standard speech (CoNS), and their translations from English into Russian, this being the first study to compare the two languages regarding these aspects. In our attempt to fill this gap, we have examined in what way translators transform English VoS with the MoSC and CoNS like mumble, lisp or stammer into Russian.
The results of the analyses of the translations have indicated that the solutions chosen by translators showed a dependence between the MoSC, the CoNS and the type of equivalence (Kade 1968) used. We also arrived at the conclusion that translating from English Russian employs a larger number of MoS verb types than English and that information encoded in the English MoS verbs is sometimes enlarged by the Russian translators, that adds an aspectual nuance regarding the original verb.
There are several fields where the results of our study can be applied: practical lexicography, computational linguistics, pragmatics, translating and interpreting, teaching and learning English and Russian as foreign languages as well as teaching and learning translation.En aquesta tesi s’analitza l’àmbit dels verbs de parla anglesos (VoS) amb 2 components: el component de manera de parlar (MoSC) i el component de parla no estàndard (CoNS), i les seves traduccions de l’anglès al rus; és el primer estudi que compara els dos idiomes pel que fa a aquests aspectes. En el nostre intent de cobrir aquest buit, hem examinat de quina manera els traductors transformen, en pasar-lo al rus, el sistema anglès de verbs de parla amb MoSC i CoNS com ara mumble, lisp o stammer. Els resultats de les anàlisis de les traduccions han indicat que les solucions escollides pels traductors mostraven una dependència entre el MoSC, el CoNS i el tipus d'equivalència utilitzada (Kade 1968). També vam arribar a la conclusió que en el cas dels verbs d’interès el significat pragmàtic de les mostres podria restablir el significat semàntic de les traduccions. Hi ha diversos camps on es poden aplicar els resultats d’aquest estudi: lexicografia pràctica, lingüística computacional, pragmàtica, traducció i interpretació, ensenyament i aprenentatge d’anglès i rus com a llengües estrangeres, així com ensenyament i aprenentatge de la traducció.
7
Parkes, Bridget Parkes. "IS VERB NETWORK STRENGTHENING TREATMENT (VNeST) EFFECTIVE AT A LOWER DOSAGE?" Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2017. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/441075.
Abstract:
Communication SciencesM.A.
When delivering intervention to an individual with aphasia, clinicians must provide services that are grounded in evidence-based practice and show evidence of generalization of skills outside of therapy. Verb Network Strengthening Treatment is a straightforward treatment approach that requires inexpensive materials, making it possible to implement in various clinical settings in compliance with time allotted by insurance companies. The present study uses a single subject ABA design to investigate if the findings of Edmonds, Nadeau, & Kiran (2009) can be replicated when VNeST is administered using a lower dose of VNeST. Based on VNeST’s promotion of widespread activation of the semantic and syntactic network, it was predicted that reducing the dose of treatment would result in generalization to untrained items, as evidenced through weekly administration of probes and standardized testing. Results following treatment supported the hypothesis, however the effects of treatment were smaller than that of the original protocol.
Temple University--Theses
8
Lewis, Kelley, Kelly King, Melanie O'Brien, Kerry Proctor-Williams, and Danielle Py. "An Analysis of How Quickly and Efficaciously Children with Specific Language Impairments Learn Verbs Compared to Children with Typical Language Development." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2004. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1856.
Abstract:
Speech-language pathologists are challenged with providing children with treatment that results in the greatest amount of improvement in the least amount of time. To aid in this challenge, we examined how quickly and efficaciously seven children with a specific language impairment (SLI) learned verbs compared to seven children with typical language (TL) development. Each child was taught the meaning and use of six nonsense verbs. Nonsense verbs were used to ensure that the target verbs had never been heard by any of the participants before the experiment and allowed us to control verb exposure. Each participant received up to four training sessions of 30-minutes each. During these sessions, the examiner utilized naturalistic conversational techniques and play activities with carefully selected sets of toys that corresponded to the meaning of the target words. The training sessions were ended when children demonstrated 100% accuracy in their understanding of the verbs and 50% accuracy in their production during a probe task. All sessions were audio-recorded and the experimenters and childs utterances were reliably coded. Analysis revealed that the two groups received the same input from the experimenter in terms of the number and type of exposures to the verbs. We examined the childrens nonsense verb productions for their rate and quality. Rate of verb acquisition was measured by counting: 1) the number of sessions required before the criteria for learning was met; 2) the number of exposures before childs first spontaneous production of each target verb; and 3) the number of exposures before childs first elicited production of each target verb. Quality of verb acquisition was measured by counting: 1) the number of alternative real verbs substituted for a nonsense verb and 2) the accuracy of transitive target verb usage. Although the results were not statistically significant for any of the measures tested, there was a trend for children with SLI to learn the target nonsense verbs more slowly but just as
9
Leung, Wing-yan Vivian. "The use of nouns versus verbs in Cantonese-speaking children's early vocabularies and their mothers' speech." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36209673.
Abstract:
Thesis (B.Sc)--University of Hong Kong, 1998."A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science (Speech and Hearing Sciences), The University of Hong Kong, April 30, 1998." Also available in print.
10
Gareis, Heather A. "The Effects of Treating Verbs and Nouns Using a Modified Semantic Feature Approach to Improve Word-finding in Aphasia." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10784915.
Abstract:
Semantic approaches, including semantic feature analysis (SFA), are commonly used to treat individuals with anomia (word-finding difficulties) due to nondegenerative chronic aphasia. Research has traditionally targeted nouns, with relatively few published studies targeting verbs in isolation or in comparison to nouns. Yet, verbs are essential for higher-level communications, and some evidence suggests that treating higher-level word types may have crossover benefits. Generalization to untrained words and discourse have also varied across studies.
Thus, the aim of this study was to determine if a modified SFA treatment could be effective for both nouns and verbs, to assess generalization, and to investigate potential crossover benefits. Results revealed that the treatment did improve spontaneous production of trained nouns and verbs as well as semantic retrieval of untrained words, with an unexpected result of untrained verbs achieving a higher level of spontaneous production than untrained nouns. Implications and avenues for future studies are also discussed.
11
CREPALDI, DAVIDE. "Nouns and verbs in the brain: Neuropsychological, psycholinguistic, and neuroimaging evidence." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/9855.
12
Becerra, Merino Jennifer. "An analysis on the aspect of the english future auxiliaries will and be going in occurring speech." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2014. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/130293.
Abstract:
Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Lingüística mención Lengua InglesaAutor no autoriza el acceso a texto completo de su documento.
This corpus-based research aims at describing a perspective on the conceptualisation of aspect of the English future time auxiliaries will and be going (henceforth, future markers). The main focus of this description is on the aforementioned future markers and their relationship with the operators probably, definitely and certainly. From a semantic point of view, such operators are understood as the lexicalised features denoting a gradual expression of certainty in relation to speakers’ occurring awareness on the reliability of the proposition. Additionally, the study attempts to relate the notion of epistemicity to the practical nature of certainty within speakers’ utterances regardless of the implausibility of future time situations. This leads to suggest that, due to the lack of clear-cut differences between will and be going, both are likely to be used interchangeably in spite of the canonical generalisations of future tense and aspect.
13
Proctor-Williams, Kerry, and Marc E. Fey. "Recast Density and Irregular Past Tense Verb Acquisition." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2005. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1855.
14
Proctor-Williams, Kerry, and Marc E. Fey. "Recast Density and Irregular Past Tense Verb Acquisition." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2006. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1852.
15
King, Kelly, Kelley Lewis, Melanie O'Brien, Danielle Py, and Kerry Proctor-Williams. "Efficiency of Verb Acquisition by Children with SLI & TL." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2005. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1853.
16
Alvares, Cláudia Assad. "O discurso paradoxal de Vieira no \'Sermão pelo bom sucesso das Armas de Portugal contra as de Holanda\'." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8142/tde-26022008-140441/.
Abstract:
Nesta tese, discutem-se, dentre outros, os conceitos de \"auditório universal\", de Perelman (2000); o de \"contrato de comunicação\", de Charaudeau (1992); os conceitos de duplo vínculo e enquadres, propostos por Bateson (1972), e abre-se também espaço para os principais tipos de paradoxos. Nela apresentase ainda a teoria dos semas e de sua combinatória, segundo Langendoen (1971), e, finalmente, analisa-se o sermão pelo Bom sucesso das armas de Portugal contra as de Holanda. O trabalho tem por objetivo evidenciar que o discurso religioso do Padre Antônio Vieira, no Sermão Pelo bom sucesso das armas de Portugal contra as de Holanda, é um discurso paradoxal porque desconstrói a si próprio. Para atingir tal propósito, confrontam-se os argumentos de que Vieira faz uso para dirigir-se a Deus, no referido sermão, com os textos das Sagradas Escrituras; analisa-se a argumentatividade das formas nominais do verbo, com ênfase particular na estrutura do gerúndio, enquanto ato ilocucional, a partir do Sermão da Sexagésima, e descreve-se um tipo de paradoxo pragmático: a roda argumentativa.In this thesis, among others, the concepts of \"universal auditorium\", from Perelman (2000); \"communication contract\", from Charaudeau (1992); the concepts of double bind and frames, proposed by Bateson (1972) are discussed, and room is opened for the main types of paradox. In this one, the theory of semantic traits and its combinatory, according to Langedoen (1971) is also presented and, finally, the sermon For the good success of Portugal\'s weapons against Holland\'s is analyzed. The work has as a scope to evidence that the religious speech from Father Antônio Vieira, at the sermon For the good success of Portugal\'s weapons against Holland\'s, is a paradoxal speech for it unbuilds itself. To reach such purpose, the arguments Vieira uses to address God are confronted, at the referred sermon, with the Holy Scriptures\' texts; the argumentativity of the nominal forms of the verbs is analyzed, with particular emphasis on the structure of the gerund, as an illocutionary act, starting from Sermon of the Sixtieth, and a kind of pragmatic paradox is created: the argumentative round.
17
Nocaudie, Olivier. "Imitation et contrôle prosodique dans l'entraînement à la remédiation phonétique : évaluation, mesure et applications pour l'enseignant en langue étrangère." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU20123/document.
Abstract:
L’imitation est un comportement largement répandu dans le règne animal et chez l’être humain, nous aidant à faire de nombreuses choses dont : nous adapter à notre environnement social et culturel, communiquer, et apprendre des autres. Dans ce travail, nous considérons des aspects de l’imitation en parole au niveau prosodique, et plus précisément, dans le contexte de la remédiation phonétique au moyen de la Méthode Verbo-Tonale (MVT). Per se, la pratique phonétique en classe constitue un jeu d’imitations, soulevant des questions passionnantes, liées aussi bien à la perception et à la production d’une langue étrangère qu’à la reproductibilité des paramètres acoustiques de la parole en langue première, i.e. le contrôle prosodique. Notre première étude traite du contrôle prosodique chez l’enseignant et elle questionne les relations de l’évaluation auditive de la similarité prosodique par les paradigmes AX et AXB avec la mesure de la similarité au moyen de différentes métriques. Ces résultats sont croisés et révèlent une bonne corrélation entre méthodes semi-automatiques de mesures et tests de perception. Notre seconde étude se fonde sur les résultats précédents et propose d’explorer plus avant une mesure de la similarité prosodique obtenue à partir de courbe de f0 stylisées rectilinéaires au moyen d’une Turning Function. Appliquer cette méthode à un corpus d’imitations parolières lexicalisées et delexicalisées nous aide à souligner les bénéfices et les lacunes de la méthode. Il est finalement proposé d’appliquer de telles techniques de détection de la similarité prosodique à l’entraînement du contrôle prosodique de l’enseignantImitation is a widespread behavior amongst animals and humans, helping us do many things, including adapting to our cultural and social environment, communicating with and learning from others. In this work, we consider aspects of imitation in speech at a prosodic level; more specifically, we will focus on phonetic remediation using the Verbo Tonal Method (VTM). Phonetic practice in the classroom, per se, is an imitation game raising interesting open questions linked to L2 speech perception and production as well as L1 acoustic features reproducibility, i.e phonetic-prosodic control. Our first study deals with the teacher’s ability to control prosodic features; it questions the link between the perception of prosodic similarity using the AX and AXB paradigms, and measures of similarity using other metrics on a more objective level. Results are then cross-compared: they reveal a fair correlation between semi-automatic methods and perceptual tests. Our second study builds on previous results and further tests measurements of prosodic similarity obtained from rectilinear stylized f0 curves using a Turning Function. Applying this method to a corpus of lexicalized and delexicalized speech imitations helps us underline the benefits and flaws of the method. We propose to apply such evaluation techniques to train teacher’s phonetic control
18
Mayo, Lori. "Processing of verb tense in developmentally language impaired individuals." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22771.
Abstract:
The present study is an investigation of on-line and off-line processing of verb tense in individuals with developmental language impairment. Three groups of subjects performed two experiments, (1) a lexical decision task (on-line) and, (2) a grammaticality judgement task (off-line). Grammaticality was controlled by the manipulation of tense for regular and irregular verbs. Participants were six members of a large British familial aggregation diagnosed with developmental language impairment, six of their unaffected relatives, and seven unaffected Canadian individuals. The results of the lexical decision task indicate that the reaction times of the affected group were slower than the Canadian control group. Unlike the control groups, the affected group was influenced by regular and irregular verb type distinctions. Reaction times across grammatical and ungrammatical conditions did not differ among the three groups. The groups differed significantly in the off-line task; accuracy of the affected subjects was poor, while the control subjects were highly accurate. The implications of these findings for linguistic theories of SLI such as the missing rules hypothesis (Gopnik, in press) are discussed.
19
Geise, Morgan, Heather Green, Olivia Hart, Abbi Leitnaker, and Kerry Proctor-Williams. "The Elicitation Method for Past Tense Verb production in Children with Specific Language Impairment and Typical Language." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1821.
Abstract:
Past tense verb production in children with specific language impairment and language-matched children with typical language was compared using language samples and a standardized probe (Rice/Wexler Test of Early Grammatical Impairment). Analyses revealed accuracy and error type differences between elicitation types and groups. Results have important clinical practice implications.
20
Lopez, David. "Processing of the English Verb Particle Construction in Persons with Aphasia." FIU Digital Commons, 2017. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3356.
Abstract:
This study examined comprehension of verb particle constructions in persons with aphasia (PWA) and young and older typical adults according to the semantic classes by Jackendoff (2002). The experimental task focused on the following three classes of verb particle constructions: idiomatic, directional, and aspectual verb particles. Movement of the object NP also was examined. The study involved a picture-matching task counterbalanced for each participant. The results revealed that PWAs showed slower than normal overall processing, slower processing of aspectual verb forms, and slower processing of syntactic form regardless of movement. Error analysis revealed a bias toward the meaning of the verb, particularly on aspectual verb constructions for all three groups. Accuracy data revealed no significant differences between groups although the aphasic group was less accurate in idiomatic verb forms. The results support current literature on the processing of syntactic structures in PWA.
21
Bocquelet, Florent. "Vers une interface cerveau-machine pour la restauration de la parole." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAS008/document.
Abstract:
Restorer la faculté de parler chez des personnes paralysées et aphasiques pourrait être envisagée via l’utilisation d’une interface cerveau-machine permettant de contrôler un synthétiseur de parole en temps réel. L’objectif de cette thèse était de développer trois aspects nécessaires à la mise au point d’une telle preuve de concept.Premièrement, un synthétiseur permettant de produire en temps-réel de la parole intelligible et controlé par un nombre raisonable de paramètres est nécessaire. Nous avons choisi de synthétiser de la parole à partir des mouvements des articulateurs du conduit vocal. En effet, des études récentes ont suggéré que l’activité neuronale du cortex moteur de la parole pourrait contenir suffisamment d’information pour décoder la parole, et particulièrement ses propriété articulatoire (ex. l’ouverture des lèvres). Nous avons donc développé un synthétiseur produisant de la parole intelligible à partir de données articulatoires. Dans un premier temps, nous avons enregistré un large corpus de données articulatoire et acoustiques synchrones chez un locuteur. Ensuite, nous avons utilisé des techniques d’apprentissage automatique, en particulier des réseaux de neurones profonds, pour construire un modèle permettant de convertir des données articulatoires en parole. Ce synthétisuer a été construit pour fonctionner en temps réel. Enfin, comme première étape vers un contrôle neuronal de ce synthétiseur, nous avons testé qu’il pouvait être contrôlé en temps réel par plusieurs locuteurs, pour produire de la parole inetlligible à partir de leurs mouvements articulatoires dans un paradigme de boucle fermée.Deuxièmement, nous avons étudié le décodage de la parole et de ses propriétés articulatoires à partir d’activités neuronales essentiellement enregistrées dans le cortex moteur de la parole. Nous avons construit un outil permettant de localiser les aires corticales actives, en ligne pendant des chirurgies éveillées à l’hôpital de Grenoble, et nous avons testé ce système chez deux patients atteints d’un cancer du cerveau. Les résultats ont montré que le cortex moteur exhibe une activité spécifique pendant la production de parole dans les bandes beta et gamma du signal, y compris lors de l’imagination de la parole. Les données enregistrées ont ensuite pu être analysées pour décoder l’intention de parler du sujet (réelle ou imaginée), ainsi que la vibration des cordes vocales et les trajectoires des articulateurs principaux du conduit vocal significativement au dessus du niveau de la chance.Enfin, nous nous sommes intéressés aux questions éthiques qui accompagnent le développement et l’usage des interfaces cerveau-machine. Nous avons en particulier considéré trois niveaux de réflexion éthique concernant respectivement l’animal, l’humain et l’humanitéRestoring natural speech in paralyzed and aphasic people could be achieved using a brain-computer interface controlling a speech synthesizer in real-time. The aim of this thesis was thus to develop three main steps toward such proof of concept.First, a prerequisite was to develop a speech synthesizer producing intelligible speech in real-time with a reasonable number of control parameters. Here we chose to synthesize speech from movements of the speech articulators since recent studies suggested that neural activity from the speech motor cortex contains relevant information to decode speech, and especially articulatory features of speech. We thus developed a speech synthesizer that produced intelligible speech from articulatory data. This was achieved by first recording a large dataset of synchronous articulatory and acoustic data in a single speaker. Then, we used machine learning techniques, especially deep neural networks, to build a model able to convert articulatory data into speech. This synthesizer was built to run in real time. Finally, as a first step toward future brain control of this synthesizer, we tested that it could be controlled in real-time by several speakers to produce intelligible speech from articulatory movements in a closed-loop paradigm.Second, we investigated the feasibility of decoding speech and articulatory features from neural activity essentially recorded in the speech motor cortex. We built a tool that allowed to localize active cortical speech areas online during awake brain surgery at the Grenoble Hospital and tested this system in two patients with brain cancer. Results show that the motor cortex exhibits specific activity during speech production in the beta and gamma bands, which are also present during speech imagination. The recorded data could be successfully analyzed to decode speech intention, voicing activity and the trajectories of the main articulators of the vocal tract above chance.Finally, we addressed ethical issues that arise with the development and use of brain-computer interfaces. We considered three levels of ethical questionings, dealing respectively with the animal, the human being, and the human species
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Fux, Thibaut. "Vers un système indiquant la distance d'un locuteur par transformation de sa voix." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENT120/document.
Abstract:
Cette thèse porte sur la transformation de la voix d’un locuteur dans l’objectif d’indiquer la distance de celui-ci : une transformation en voix chuchotée pour indiquer une distance proche et une transformation en voix criée pour une distance plutôt éloignée. Nous effectuons dans un premier temps des analyses approfondies pour déterminer les paramètres les plus pertinentes dans une voix chuchotée et surtout dans une voix criée (beaucoup plus difficile). La contribution principale de cette partie est de montrer la pertinence des paramètres prosodiques dans la perception de l’effort vocal dans une voix criée. Nous proposons ensuite des descripteurs permettant de mieux caractériser les contours prosodiques. Pour la transformation proprement dite, nous proposons plusieurs nouvelles règles de transformation qui contrôlent de manière primordiale la qualité des voix transformées. Les résultats ont montré une très bonne qualité des voix chuchotées transformées ainsi que pour des voix criées pour des structures linguistiques relativement simples (CVC, CVCV, etc.)This thesis focuses on speaker voice transformation in the aim to indicate the distance of it: a spokento-whispered voice transformation to indicate a close distance and a spoken-to-shouted voicetransformation for a rather far distance. We perform at first, in-depth analysis to determine mostrelevant features in whispered voices and especially in shouted voices (much harder). The maincontribution of this part is to show the relevance of prosodic parameters in the perception of vocaleffort in a shouted voice. Then, we propose some descriptors to better characterize the prosodiccontours. For the actual transformation, we propose several new transformation rules whichimportantly control the quality of transformed voice. The results showed a very good quality oftransformed whispered voices and transformed shouted voices for relatively simple linguisticstructures (CVC, CVCV, etc.)
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Render, M., J. Smith, L. Perrine, S. Kirk, and Kerry Proctor-Williams. "Phrase Analysis of Preschooler Narratives: A Pilot Study." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2006. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1850.
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Kissine, Mikhail. "Contexte et force illocutoire: vers une théorie cognitive des actes de langage." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210618.
Abstract:
L'objectif de la thèse est de formuler une théorie psychologiquement plausible de la manière dont les locuteurs assignent des forces illocutoires aux énoncés.Doctorat en Langues et lettres
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Valença, Eduarda Cavalcanti. "Publicidade nas redes sociais: uma abordagem semiótica da relação verbo-visual." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2016. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1289.
Abstract:
Com o advento das novas tecnologias, principalmente com a popularização dos smartphones, verificou-se que grande parte de seus usuários tinham uma participação efetiva nas chamadas redes sociais, como Facebook, Instagram etc., que proporcionam o compartilhamento de ideias e experiências e a criação de vínculos em torno de interesses comuns. Este contexto comunicacional e também cultural atraiu a atenção de marcas e empresas, que viram mais uma possibilidade de dialogar e interagir com seus consumidores. Assim, o presente estudo propõe a análise da relação dos elementos semióticos (texto e imagem) da publicidade veiculada nas redes sociais. Nesse sentido, a proposta é verificar os tipos de relação verbo-visual existentes nos anúncios retirados das redes sociais Facebook e Instagram, por meio das categorias elencadas por Santaella (2012); e através da perspectiva de Figueiredo (2005) que sugere a relação 1+1 (texto e imagem) do anúncio publicitário. Assim, o resultado mostra que a criação publicitária em redes sociais se fundamenta em um processo estético-discursivo, que une informações textuais e imagéticas na construção de sentido.With the advent of new technologies, especially with the popularization of smartphones, it was found that most of its users had an effective participation in so-called social networks, such as Facebook, Instagram etc., that provide the sharing of ideas and experiences and the creation of links around common interests . This communicational and also cultural context attracted the attention of brands and companies, who saw another possibility of dialoguing and interacting with their consumers. Thus, the present study proposes the analysis of the relation of the semiotic elements (text and image) of the publicity conveyed in social networks. In this sense, the proposal is to verify the types of verbal-visual relationship existing in ads taken from social networks Facebook and Instagram, through the categories listed by Santaella (2012); And from the perspective of Figueiredo (2005) that suggests the relation 1 + 1 (text and image) of the commercial. Thus, the result shows that advertising creation in social networks is based on an aesthetic-discursive process, which unites textual and imagistic information in the construction of meaning.
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McDermott, Elizabeth Clare. "Non-social teaching for non-social learners: a non-social and non-interactive verb-learning paradigm for children with ASD." Thesis, Boston University, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/21216.
Abstract:
Thesis (M.S.) PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.Children with ASD suffer from language deficits that are in part due to impaired social abilities. In the current study, we test a non-social and noninteractive method for teaching word meanings. If successful, this technique will expand the ways we teach early vocabulary that would shape intervention and improve the quality of life and the future prospects of children with ASD. First, the participants (ages 26.09 - 47.37) listen to a series of transitive or intransitive sentences while watching an unrelated silent animation. These sentence types carry different meanings; transitive verbs describe causative actions, and intransitive verbs describe synchronous actions. Then they are asked to map the verb to meaning by finding the relevant action out of two candidate scenes. We analyze the children’s direction of gaze. The results revealed that children with ASD in this sample who heard transitive sentences in maximally non-social and non-interactive contexts did not show a significant preference for the causative scene in either test condition. Additional data will reveal whether children with ASD can learn from non-social presentation of novel words if given multiple exposures to the test scenes. This work will provide insight into the mechanisms underlying word learning in children with ASD and, if successful, provide the foundation for research into a new kind of non-social intervention that capitalizes on these children’s strengths.
2031-01-01
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Kenneally, Christine. "Prosody, animacy and syntax in the perception of speech : immediate and subsequent analyses of main verb/reduced relative constructions." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627263.
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Dahl, Irené. "Orator verbis electris : taldatorn en pedagogisk länk till läs- och skrivfärdighet: utprövning och utvärdering av taldatorbaserade träningsprogram för elever med läs- och skrivsvårigheter." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Pedagogiska institutionen, 1997. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-16577.
Abstract:
This study presents results from a project named The OVE-project (Orator Verbis Electris i.e. electric speech machine). The aim of this thesis is to describe and to evaluate a set of computer - programs based on synthetic speech. The programs are designed for training phonological awareness and are intended to be used as a remedial tool for children with reading and writing problems. During the evaluation and data-collecting period the project was economically and technically connected to the department of Speech, Music and Hearing at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm. My associate, during this period, late Karoly Galyas has been in charge of the technical part of the project while I have been responsible for the content and the design of programs as well as for the evaluation and the assessment studies. The thesis has two overall aims. The first is to describe, analyze and discuss the development of a specific work process based on computer based supervising with synthetic speech feedback intended for children with reading and writing problems. The second overall aim is to describe, analyze and discuss the effect of the speech feedback and the specific work process on children with reading and writing problems. The evaluation and the data collection has been done within three different phases and consists of three training studies and two experimental studies: one text reproduction study and one spelling test study. The results showed very convincingly that the speech feedback had a positive effect on the pupils' self esteem. Activity and motivation were highly improved. A remarkable improvement of the pupils' ability to concentrate and persevere was observed. The results from the spelling test study showed high improvement rates when speech feedback in ongoing writing was used compared to handwriting and ordinary computer writing without speech feedback. The potentials of the synthetic speech feedback as a means to improve reading and writing skills is discussed.digitalisering@umu
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Martinez, Angela. "Vers un raffinement des critères langagiers entre la Démence fronto-temporale et la maladie d'Alzheimer." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2085.
Abstract:
Le diagnostic différentiel de Démence Fronto-Temporale (DFT) vs Maladie d’Alzheimer (MA) n’est pas toujours facile à établir, et peuvent être confondus avec ceux de l’Aphasie Primaire Progressive (APP) » (Snowden et al. 2011) puisque l’anomie est présente dans les deux pathologies (Assal et al. 2009, Barkat-Defadas et al. 2008, Léger et al. 2007). La MA peut se décrire comme une démence dégénérative, avec une perte de tissu neuronal plutôt dans les lobes pariétal et temporal, résultant dans des difficultés dans les domaines de l’attention, les fonctions exécutives, la mémoire, les compétences pour apprendre, le langage, le calcul, et les fonctions viso-spatiales (Robin et al. 2003). De l’autre coté, la DFT est une démence qui atteint plutôt les lobes frontal et temporal elle peut se classifier d’après trois variantes: variante comportementale (DFTbf), Aphasie primaire progressive (APP) et démence sémantique (DS) (Kertesz et al 2003). Dans les deux cas nous pouvons trouver des troubles communs du à la perte du tissu dans les régions temporales, dans les étapes initiales de la maladie. L’analyse du langage chez des patients avec DFT et MA, et la corrélation de celui-ci avec le profil psycholinguistique permettra l’isolement des caractéristiques cliniques propres du profil des patients, a fin de proposer des critères plus spécifiques pour disjoindre le profil clinique de langage entre la DFT et la MA.La présente thèse sera réalisée en co-tutelle entre l’hôpital San Ignacio / Pontificia Universidad Javeriana et l’Université Lumière-Lyon2. Ce projet poursuit trois objectifs : (i) recueillir des données psycholinguistiques et de langage (tenant compte des années de scolarité et la sévérité du cours de la maladie), (ii) étudier et isoler les variantes linguistiques, qui peuvent influencer erronément la différence des critères de diagnostique entre la DFT et MA; (iii) raffiner les critères de diagnostique de la DFT et MA. 75 sujets ont été évalués (FTD n = 63, AD = 12, 22 sujets contrôles). Le test d'afastie (BAT) (Paradis 1989) a été utilisé pour identifier la discrimination auditive, la compréhension des structures syntaxiques (auditive et lecture), la production de phrases, la compréhension des narrations, la lecture de phrases, ainsi qu'une analyse des erreurs selon la structure syntaxique. En outre, nous évaluons les fonctions exécutives et les tests cognitifs de base. Les échantillons de parole spontanée ont été transcrits en utilisant le format CHAT et analysés à l'aide des programmes CLAN. En adition aux analyses descriptives, une analyse de proximité des distances euclidiennes au carré a été effectuée ainsi que des corrélations et régréssions.Les résultats montrent que patients atteints de PPA ont eu la pire performance dans la plupart des tâches langagières. Les DFTvf montrent une bonne peormance pour les tâches standardisées, mais montrent des difficultées isolées pour la compréhension de structures syntaxiques de type négatif qui peut s’associer à l'incapacité de représenter une séquence temporelle de la phrase. Les résultats démontrent que le discours spontané nous permet de différencier tous les groupes de patients. Le discours de ces patients peut être distinctif et reflète non seulement les capacités linguistiques du sujet, mais aussi les autres fonctions cognitives. Même si la théorie différencie les groupes PPA selon leur fluence, les résultats montrent qu’avec les variables qui portent sur la fluence de la parole qu'il n'est pas possible de différencier la variante non fluente et la logopénique. D'autres variables telles que les erreurs et la grammaire doivent être incluses dans les analyses pour obtenir le diagnostic différentiel des variantes de la APP. La parole spontanée démontre être un outil inestimable dans la pratique quotidienne du clinicien pour les diagnostics précoces et les critères pour un diagnostic différentiel entre la MA et la DFT – et ces trois variantes-Even though the large majority of cortical dementia is of the Alzheimer’s disease type, there are differential diagnosis limitations of current diagnostic criteria for early-onset Alzheimer disease (AD) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD, all three variants: behavioural variant frontotemporal –FTDbv-, Primary progressive aphasia –PPA- and semantic dementia –SD-). Initially, either AD and FTD share cognitive declines and first complain includes memory and no language in FTLD or language and no memory in AD. For instance, word retrieval deficits are common in AD and are thought to reflect a degradation of semantic memory. Yet, the nature of semantic deterioration in AD and the underlying neural correlates of these semantic memory changes remain largely unknown (Wierenga, 2011). On the other hand, PPA, FTDbv and SD have, as well, common behavioural features: PPA, prior to word loss, may show apathy and semantic dementia patients have, long before, the pure meaning loss, a great decline on emotional and conduct process. Since new guidelines for the differential diagnosis of behavioural FTD (Raskovsky, 2011) and selective language features –nonfluent/agrammatic, semantic, syntax, narrative - of the language variants are being revised (Gorno-Tempini, 2011) the present project present a novel way to define criteria regarding cognition profile through language analysis in all: AD and FTDL all variants. In sum, isolation of pure clinical characteristics in order to enriched the clinic profile and subtract the pure linguistic features will facilitate better common clinical compromise besides language differences (Zanini et al. 2011, Hernández et al. 2011, Ardila& Ramos, 2008). The present study aims to study through the Javeriana University Memory Clinic (PUJMC) at the San Ignacio Hospital in Colombia, based on the experience in the last 14 years where almost 3000 patients have been studied, language semiology between AD, FDT – all three variants. This project has three objectives: (i) to collect psycholinguistic and language data (taking into account the years of schooling and the severity of the course of the disease), (ii) study and isolate linguistic variants that may erroneously influence the difference in diagnostic criteria between DFT and MA; (iii) refining the diagnostic criteria for FTD and MA. 75 subjects were assessed (FTD n= 63, AD= 12, 22 control sample subjects). Bilingual Aphasia Test (BAT) (Paradis 1989) was used in order to identify auditory discrimination, syntactic structures comprehension (auditory and by reading), sentences production, auditory and by reading, comprehension of narrative structures, sentences reading, as well as an analysis of errors according to the syntactic structure. Additionally, we assess executive functions and basic cognition battery. Spontaneous speech samples were transcribed using the CHAT format, and analysed using the CLAN programs Besides a descriptive analysis, a hierarchical clustering through a squared Euclidean distances was done, where patients groups were formed by similar clinical neighbors regardless the FTD variant. Results show that deep language analysis is useful when heterogeneity w/groups is present and depends (in all groups) on the disease stage. PPA patients had the worse performance. bvFTD executive passive structure difficulty is associated with executive functions: The inability to represent a temporal sequence of the phrase –not understanding if.. Then). Results demonstrate that spontaneous speech allow us to differentiate between all groups of patients. Discourse of these patients can be distinctive and it reflects not only the subject's linguistic abilities but other cognitive functions as well
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Drangert, Lisette. "Longitudinella förändringar av yttranden inom variationsmängder i barnriktat tal : En korpusstudie av yttrandetyper och verb." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Avdelningen för datorlingvistik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-134599.
Abstract:
Variationsmängder är en egenskap i barnriktat tal som karaktäriseras av successiva yttranden i vilka den vuxne talaren upprepar och omformulerar sitt budskap med en konstant intention. Syftet med studien var att undersöka variationsmängder över tid i tal riktat till barn i åldrarna 7-33 månader. Målet var att studera vilka typer av yttranden som dominerar variationsmängderna vid olika åldrar, samt vilka yttrandetyper som tenderade att förekomma tillsammans inom variationsmängderna. Vidare undersöktes intention och tempusförändringar hos verb i dessa variationsmängder. Ett skript skrevs för att kategorisera yttrandetyper med data från en korpus över barnriktat tal. Resultatet undersöktes sedan kvantitativt utifrån fyra åldersgrupper. Yttrandenas komplexitet inom variationsmängder visade sig stiga ju äldre barn det rörde sig om. Vidare sågs en skillnad i den vuxnes intention då barnen blev äldre, samt en minskning i användandet av interjektioner i kombination med ja/nej-frågor och komplexa satser ju äldre barnen blev. En tolkning av resultatet föreslogs vara att den vuxne själv tenderar att hålla i båda sidor av konversationen då de talar med yngre barn till skillnad från när de talar med äldre, mer verbala, barn som själva kan bidra med svaret.Variation sets are a feature in child-directed speech characterized by successive utterances in which the adult speaker repeats and reorders their message with a constant intent. The aim of this study was to investigate variation sets over time in speech directed to children in the ages 7-33 months. The purpose was to study which types of utterances that dominates the variation sets at different ages, and which utterance-types that tend to co-occur within the variation sets. Furthermore intent was studied as well as change in verb tense in these variation sets. A script was written to categorize types of utterances with data from a corpus consisting of child directed speech. A quantitative research was performed on the results based on four different age groups. The complexity of the utterances within variation sets was shown to grow with the increasing age of the children. Furthermore a noticeable difference was observed in the intent of the adult speaker, correlating with the age of the child, and also a decrease in use of interjection combined with yes/no- questions and complex utterances the older the children were. A suggested interpretation of the result was that the adult tend to take both sides of the conversation when the children are young as opposed to when they speak to older, more verbal, children that can provide the answer themselves.
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Duchatelez, Stéphane. "La communication poétique. Vers une approche linguistique de l'effet poétique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUL3002.
Abstract:
L’objectif de cette thèse est de proposer une description unifiée de la modalité poétique, qu’elle apparaisse dans des textes en vers ou en prose. L’angle d’approche adopté est celui de la pragmatique linguistique. Renonçant à la catégorie générique de poésie, nous redéfinissons la poéticité à partir de la notion d’effets, que notre enquête se propose donc de définir. Afin de dégager des pistes théoriques, nous passons d’abord en revue un certain nombre de notions issues des approches (post-)jakobsonienne, énonciatives et évocatives, puis nous précisons nos hypothèses en menant des analyses de corpus sur des textes de Michaux et Roubaud. De cette première étape, il ressort que les effets poétiques s’accompagnent de parcours interprétatifs concomitants, de statuts différents. Afin de proposer une formulation linguistique de ces phénomènes, nous avançons des arguments justifiant le choix de la théorie des actes de langage comme cadre descriptif général. Réexaminées dans ce cadre conceptuel, les données rassemblées jusqu’ici nous permettent de définir les effets poétiques comme des effets perlocutoires anticipés, et parallèles à la visée illocutoire principale. Enfin, nous évaluons la robustesse de cette définition à travers une série d’études de corpus portant sur une gamme étendue de faits de langue : des phénomènes syntaxiques (parallélismes), des faits énonciatifs (polyphonie, valeurs du présent de l’indicatif) ou textuels (allégorie) sont ainsi examinés. Ces analyses confirment la plausibilité de nos hypothèses. En outre, elles permettent d’envisager l’étude de la poéticité dans des textes plus contemporains ainsi que dans la prose romanesque de certains auteursThis research aims to propose a unified conception of poetic modality, whether it appears in verse or prose texts. The approach followed belongs to pragmatics. Renouncing the generic category of poetry, this study redefines poeticity by means of the notion of effects, which our investigation proposes to define. We first show limits and problems of some notions used in (post-)Jakobsonian, enunciative and evocative approaches, then we specify our hypotheses by conducting corpus analyses on Michaux and Roubaud texts. From this first step of our investigation, it appears that the poetic effects are accompanied by parallel interpretative paths of different status. To propose a linguistic formulation of these phenomena, we develop arguments justifying the choice of speech acts theory as a general descriptive framework. Re-examined into this conceptual framework, the gathered data allow us to define poetic effects as anticipated perlocutionary effects, concomitant to the main illocutionary act. Finally, through a series of corpus studies covering a wide range of language facts, we evaluate the robustness of our definition: syntactic phenomena (parallelisms), enunciative (polyphony, values of present simple) or textual (allegory) facts are thereby examined. These analyses confirm the plausibility of our explanation. In addition, our hypotheses about poeticity take into account its manifestations in contemporary poems and some kinds of novels
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Sam, Sethserey. "Vers une adaptation autonome des modèles acoustiques multilingues pour le traitement automatique de la parole." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00685204.
Abstract:
Les technologies de reconnaissance automatique de la parole sont désormais intégrées dans de nombreux systèmes. La performance des systèmes de reconnaissance vocale pour les locuteurs non natifs continue cependant à souffrir de taux d'erreur élevés, en raison de la différence entre la parole non native et les modèles entraînés. La réalisation d'enregistrements en grande quantité de parole non native est généralement une tâche très difficile et peu réaliste pour représenter toutes les origines des locuteurs. Ce travail de thèse porte sur l'amélioration des modèles acoustiques multilingues pour la transcription phonétique de la parole de type " réunion multilingue ". Traiter ce type de parole constitue plusieurs défis : 1) il peut exister de la conversation entre des locuteurs natifs et non natifs ; 2) il y a non seulement de la parole non native d'une langue, mais de plusieurs langues parlées par des locuteurs venant de différentes origines ; 3) il est difficile de collecter suffisamment de données pour amorcer les systèmes de transcription. Pour répondre à ces défis, nous proposons un processus d'adaptation de modèles acoustiques multilingues que nous appelons " adaptation autonome ". Dans l'adaptation autonome, nous étudions plusieurs approches pour adapter les modèles acoustiques multilingues de manière non supervisée (les langues parlées et les origines des locuteurs ne sont pas connues à l'avance) et qui n'utilise aucune donnée supplémentaire lors du processus d'adaptation. Les approches étudiées sont décomposées selon deux modules. Le premier module qui s'appelle " l'observateur de langues " consiste à récupérer les caractéristiques linguistiques (les langues parlées et les origines des locuteurs) des segments à décoder. Le deuxième module consiste à adapter le modèle acoustique multilingue en fonction des connaissances fournies par l'observateur de langue. Pour évaluer l'utilité de l'adaptation autonome d'un modèle acoustique multilingue, nous utilisons les données de test, qui sont extraites de réunions multilingues, contenant de la parole native et non native de trois langues : l'anglais (EN), le français (FR) et le vietnamien (VN). Selon les résultats d'expérimentation, l'adaptation autonome donne des résultats prometteurs pour les paroles non natives mais dégradent très légèrement les performances sur de la parole native. Afin d'améliorer la performance globale des systèmes de transcription pour toutes les paroles natives et non natives, nous étudions plusieurs approches de détection de parole non native et proposons de cascader un tel détecteur avec notre processus d'adaptation autonome. Les résultats obtenus ainsi, sont les meilleurs parmi toutes les expériences réalisées sur notre corpus de réunions multilingues.
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Costa, Jos? da Luz. "Pr?-fabricados ling??sticos: estrutura e funcionamento de sintagmas verbais idiomatizados - por uma abordagem cognitivo-funcional em sala de aula." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2007. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/16271.
Abstract:
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Previous issue date: 2007-12-07This work aims at under the cognitive-functional perspective describing, inside the vast domain of the linguistic prefabs, the structure and the functioning of the Idiomatic Verb Phrases (SVIs), produced by speakers of the Portuguese from Brazil, located in Natal (RN). From the functionalist presupposition that the language is used essentially to assist to communicative demands, it is observed that its morphologic-syntactic structure is conditioned to the inherent pragmatic vicissitudes to the verbal interaction of subjects, socially heterogeneous and historically established. It is focalized, in the composition of SVIs, the relationships VT + OD (transitive verb + direct object), characterizing the syntactic-semantic nature of the verb and of the respective verbal complement. Those verb combinations + complement can be interpreted as lexical structures, reflexes of the idiomaticity inherent to conventional constructions already systematized in the users' of the language cultural repertoire. It is sought, still, to glimpse the cognitive and discursive motivations pertinent to that linguistic phenomenon. In the investigative process, are analyzed exclusive data of speech collected in Corpus Discurso & Gram?tica a lingua falada e escrita na cidade do Natal, organized by Furtado da Cunha (1998). The adopted methodological procedures configure as methods of empiric analysis and use of the intuition, being emphasized the qualitative approach (explanatory) of the data with quantitative support of statistical indicators. It shows, finally, a grating of didactic suggestions on SVIs, for Portuguese's classes, as subsidies to the educational practice in the Medium Teaching and in the course of Letters.
Este trabalho objetiva sob a perspectiva cognitivo-funcional descrever, no interior do vasto dom?nio dos pr?-fabricados ling??sticos, a estrutura e o funcionamento dos sintagmas verbais idiomatizados (SVIs), produzidos por falantes do portugu?s do Brasil, situados em Natal (RN). Partindo do pressuposto funcionalista de que a l?ngua ? usada essencialmente para atender a demandas comunicativas, observa-se que a sua estrutura morfossint?tica est? condicionada ?s vicissitudes pragm?ticas inerentes ? intera??o verbal de sujeitos, socialmente heterog?neos e historicamente estabelecidos. Focaliza-se, na composi??o dos SVIs, as rela??es VT + OD, caracterizando a natureza sint?tico-sem?ntica do verbo e do respectivo complemento verbal. Essas combina??es de verbo + complemento podem ser interpretadas como estruturas lexicalizadas, reflexos da idiomaticidade inerente ?s constru??es convencionais j? sistematizadas no repert?rio cultural dos usu?rios da l?ngua. Procura-se, ainda, entrever as motiva??es cognitivas e discursivas pertinentes a esse fen?meno ling??stico. No processo investigativo, s?o analisados dados exclusivos de fala coletados no Corpus Discurso & Gram?tica a l?ngua falada e escrita na cidade do Natal, organizado por Furtado da Cunha (1998). Os procedimentos metodol?gicos adotados se configuram como m?todos de an?lise emp?rica e uso da intui??o, enfatizando-se a abordagem qualitativa (explicativa) dos dados com suporte quantitativo de indicadores estat?sticos. Apresenta-se, por fim, uma grade de sugest?es did?ticas sobre SVIs, para as aulas de portugu?s, como subs?dios ? pr?tica docente no Ensino M?dio e no curso de Letras.
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Forestier, Sébastien. "Intrinsically Motivated Goal Exploration in Child Development and Artificial Intelligence : Learning and Development of Speech and Tool Use." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0247.
Abstract:
Les bébés et enfants humains sont curieux, ils explorent activement leur monde. Un de leurs défis est l'apprentissage des relations de causalité entre leurs actions, telles que l'utilisation d'outils ou de leur voix, et les changements dans l'environnement. Les motivations intrinsèques ont été peu étudiées en psychologie du développement, si bien que leurs mécanismes sont méconnus. D'autre part, la plupart des agents artificiels et robots apprennent d'une manière très différente de celle des enfants humains. Cette thèse présente deux objectifs complémentaires : d'une part la compréhension du rôle des motivations intrinsèques dans le développement de la parole et de l'utilisation des outils chez l'enfant à travers la modélisation robotique, et d'autre part l'amélioration des capacités des robots à apprendre à parler et à utiliser des outils grâce à une inspiration par les mécanismes d'exploration et d'apprentissage humains. La première partie de ce travail concerne donc la compréhension et modélisation des motivations intrinsèques chez l'humain. Nous réanalysons une expérience d'évaluation des capacités d'utilisation des outils par les enfants, et montrons que les motivations intrinsèques semblent jouer un rôle important dans les comportements observés et même interférer avec les mesures de succès dans la tâche. Avec un modèle robotique, nous montrons qu'une motivation intrinsèque basée sur le progrès à atteindre ses propres buts, couplée à une représentation modulaire de ces buts peut auto-organiser des phases de comportements dans le développement des précurseurs de l'utilisation d'outils qui ont des propriétés en commun avec le développement des outils chez les enfants. Nous présentons le premier modèle robotique de l'apprentissage de la parole et de l'utilisation des outils à partir de zéro, qui permet de prédire que l'exploration des objets physiques dans un scénario d'interaction sociale accélère l'apprentissage de la vocalisation de sons particuliers pour le nom de ces objets en conséquence d'une exploration des objets dirigée par les buts. Dans la seconde partie de cette thèse, nous développement, formalisons et évaluons les algorithmes définis pour la modélisation du développement de l'enfant, avec pour but d'obtenir un apprentissage robotique efficace. Nous formalisons ensuite une approche algorithmique appelée Intrinsically Motivated Goal Exploration Processes (IMGEP), qui permet la découverte et l'acquisition d'un vaste répertoire de compétences. Nous démontrons dans différents environnements robotiques dont un avec un robot humanoïde que l'apprentissage de divers espaces de buts avec des motivations intrinsèques est plus efficace pour l'apprentissage de compétences complexes que de seulement s'intéresser directement à l'apprentissage de ces compétencesBabies and children are curious, active explorers of their world. One of their challenges is to learn of the relations between their actions such as the use of tools or speech, and the changes in their environment. Intrinsic motivations have been little studied in psychology, such that its mechanisms are mostly unknown. On the other hand, most artificial agents and robots have been learning in a way very different from humans. The objective of this thesis is twofold: understanding the role of intrinsic motivations in human development of speech and tool use through robotic modeling, and improving the abilities of artificial agents inspired by the mechanisms of human exploration and learning. A first part of this work concerns the understanding and modeling of intrinsic motivations. We reanalyze a typical tool-use experiment, showing that intrinsically motivated exploration seems to play an important role in the observed behaviors and to interfere with the measured success rates. With a robotic model, we show that an intrinsic motivation based on the learning progress to reach goals with a modular representation can self-organize phases of behaviors in the development of tool-use precursors that share properties with child tool-use development. We present the first robotic model learning both speech and tool use from scratch, which predicts that the grounded exploration of objects in a social interaction scenario should accelerate infant vocal learning of accurate sounds for these objects' names as a result of a goal-directed exploration of the objects. In the second part of this thesis, we extend, formalize and evaluate the algorithms designed to model child development, with the aim to obtain an efficient learning robot. We formalize an approach called Intrinsically Motivated Goal Exploration Processes (IMGEP) that enables the discovery and acquisition of large repertoires of skills. We show within several experimental setups including a real humanoid robot that learning diverse spaces of goals with intrinsic motivations is more efficient for learning complex skills than only trying to directly learn these complex skills
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Kleppa, Lou-Ann. "Preposições ligadas a verbos na fala de uma criança em processo de aquisição de linguagem, ou, "Vamos de a pe no carro do vovo?"." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/270963.
Abstract:
Orientador: Maria Fausta Cajahyba Pereira de CastroDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
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Resumo: Para a realização desta pesquisa foram escolhidas preposições relacionadas a verbos na fala de uma criança brasileira, cujos dados são de caráter longitudinal. A observação do funcionamento da preposição conduziu este estudo à noção de gramaticalização, e, aplicando a Hipótese da Gramaticalização foi possível estabelecer diferentes graus de gramaticalização para as preposições recortadas para este estudo; o que se considera uma maneira alternativa de abordar o estatuto categorial da preposição. Um instrumento importante para a análise dos dados selecionados é a noção de transitividade. Através desta noção ¿ que pode ser entendida como uma propriedade sintática inerente ao verbo que se atualiza apenas no uso ¿ chegou-se às noções de valência e regência. Através da noção semântica de valência (número de argumentos do verbo) é possível identificar a posição da preposição na estrutura argumental do verbo (Borba 1996). A noção de regência foi aplicada para se identificar o elemento que seleciona a preposição: o verbo abre um espaço sintático para uma preposição na sentença, mas qual preposição, dentre tantas possíveis, é selecionada, não é necessariamente determinado pelo verbo. Percebeu-se que a heterogeneidade da fala da criança está relacionada ¿ dentre muitos outros fenômenos observáveis na fala da criança ¿ à ausência, troca e excesso de preposições. Esta heterogeneidade não se dá num período de tempo delimitável da vida da criança. As mudanças observadas graças ao caráter longitudinal naturalístico dos dados que ocorreram na fala da criança, de um pólo heterogêneo em relação à língua constituída para o pólo próximo da fala do adulto, são tanto mudanças da linguagem da criança, como mudanças de posição da criança em relação à linguagem (De Lemos, 1992, 2000, 2001, 2002)
Abstract: Prepositions linked to verbs in the speech of a brazilian child, whose data were collected when it was between 1;02.11 and 4;10.06 years old, were chosen as the object of this dissertation. The observation of the functioning of prepositions linked to verbs has conducted this study to issues concerning the categorial status of prepositions, (are they lexical or functional items?) which has led to the notion of grammaticalization. Different degrees of grammaticalization could be established. The image of a continuum seems to be more adequate than that of distinct categories to describe the categorial status of prepositions. Transitivity has proved to be an important tool to analyse the selected data and so issues of valency and government could be approached. Valency is understood as beeing the number of arguments of a verb. After visualizing the argumental structure of a verb, the position of prepositions in this structure could be defined (Borba 1996). The notion of government was helpful to determine which element selects the preposition linked to verbs. It can be posited that the verb opens a syntactic space for the preposition in a sentence. The semantic restrictions to the choice of a specific preposition are not necessarily performed by the verb. It has been noticed that the heterogeneity of child speech is related to ¿ among many other observable phenomena ¿ the absence, switch and excess of prepositions. This heterogeneity isn't manifested in a delimited period of time of the child's life. There are changes from a heterogeneous pole (in relation to adult language) to a pole that is similar to the adult language to be observed along the selected data. Also, changes in the relation of the child with the mother tongue (De Lemos 1992, 2000, 2001, 2002) are discussed in this dissertation
Mestrado
Linguistica
Mestre em Linguística
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Haglund, Tore. "Irregular English verbs with regular variants in the past tense and/or the past participle : A corpus-based study of light, speed, and prove." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Engelska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-170048.
Abstract:
About fifty out of approximately 250 irregular English verbs have regular alternatives in the past tense and/or the past participle. There are often marked preferences for using the irregular or the regular form of the verbs, influenced by several factors. The present corpus-based study investigates the distributions in contemporary British (BrE) and American English (AmE) of the two alternative past tense forms for the two verbs “light”, and “speed” as well as the two past participle variants for the verb “prove”. The factors which are considered in the study are (1) language variety, (2) past tense vs. past participle, and (3) transitive vs. intransitive use of the verbs. It is demonstrated that there are (verb specific) significant differences in frequencies across the factors. Some issues for the study are discussed, in particular unreliable tagging in the corpora used as well as potential sources for random or systematic errors. Some avenues for additional research are proposed.
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Leite, Jos? Evangilm?rison Lopes. "Em nome da ordem: a Prefeitura Municipal de Natal como espa?o da sub- vers?o." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2008. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/16923.
Abstract:
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Previous issue date: 2008-08-22The main goal of this work is analyze the way which the Natal City Prefecture was constructed as a place of subversion by those we call defenders of the order, in the period right after the outbreak of military coup in 1964. To reach it, the main resource of search was the Relat?rio Subvers?o no Rio Grande do Norte , document produced from the investigations realized in Natal City Prefecture as a result of the Commission of Inquiry s work, established by the governor Alu?zio Alves to determine the subversion in Rio Grande do Norte s society. Based on the anti-comunist speech. That document introduces other image of the Prefecture, which activities developed by de second Djalma Maranh?o administration (1961-1964), specially those developed in the educational area, as the campaign De P? no Ch?o Tamb?m se Aprende a Ler , were considered subversive , communist , dangerous , threatening , names that served as backing to embed Natal City Prefecture in the general view about subversion existing in Rio Grande do Norte, according to the repression speech in this initial period of military regime. Key-words: 1964 Military Coup Natal City Prefecture
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a maneira pela qual a Prefeitura Municipal de Natal foi constru?da como espa?o da subvers?o, por aqueles que denominamos de defensores da ordem, no per?odo imediatamente posterior ? deflagra??o do golpe militar de 1964. Para tal utilizamos como principal fonte o Relat?rio Subvers?o no Rio Grande do Norte , documento produzido a partir das investiga??es realizadas na Prefeitura Municipal de Natal como resultado do trabalho da comiss?o de inqu?rito institu?da pelo governador Alu?zio Alves para apurar a subvers?o na sociedade norte-rio-grandense. Embasado no discurso anti-comunista, o referido documento apresenta outra imagem da Prefeitura, na qual as atividades desenvolvidas na segunda administra??o do prefeito Djalma Maranh?o (1961-1964), sobretudo aquelas desenvolvidas na ?rea da educa??o, como a Campanha De P? no Ch?o Tamb?m se Aprende a Ler , foram designadas como subversivas , comunistas , perigosas , atentat?rias ? ordem , designa??es que serviram de respaldo colocar a Prefeitura Municipal no quadro geral da subvers?o existente no Rio Grande do Norte, de acordo com o discurso da repress?o, nesse per?odo inicial de implanta??o do regime militar
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Ali, Arwa. "La poétique de la fable en vers d'après les discours des fabulistes (1719-1792)." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU20070/document.
Abstract:
Cette thèse se propose de présenter et d’analyser les discours prescriptifs des fabulistes du XVIIIe siècle, en commençant par celui de Houdar de La Motte qui, dans ses Fables nouvelles, en 1719, s’est posé en adversaire admiratif de La Fontaine, inégalable poète mais moraliste très contestable. Après avoir présenté ce recueil fondateur dans le contexte de la crise générale de la poésie que connaît la France à l’heure de la Qurelle d’Homère, l’on étudie les idées de l’audacieux fabuliste, soucieux d’établir des règles pour réaliser des apologues en vers qui soient conformes à l’objectif didactique qui, selon La Motte, est une priorité dans ce genre d’écrire. Quatre des successeurs de La Motte, dont les recueils sont parus de 1729 (Richer) à 1792 (Florian), ont été retenus pour examiner si cette première poétique prescriptive a été suivie ou contestée par des poètes qui s’y réfèrent forcément, comme d’ailleurs ils se réfèrent à La Fontaine, modèle écrasant qu’on se risque parfois à analyser pour percer son secret ou qu’on se contente d’admirer pour s’autoriser à ambitionner une place après luiThis thesis proposes to present and analyze the prescriptive discourses of the eighteenth-century’s fabulists, starting with the one of Houdar de La Motte, who in his new Fables in 1719 posed as an admiring opponent of La Fontaine, matchless poet but a very questionable moralist. After presenting this founding book in the context of the general crisis of poetry in France at the time of Homer's Qurelle, we study the ideas of the daring fabulist, anxious to establish rules to make apologues in verses that are in conformity with the didactic objective which, according to La Motte, is a priority in this kind of writing. Four of the successors of La Motte, whose collections were published from 1729 (Richer) to 1792 (Florian), were retained to examine whether this first prescriptive poetic was followed or disputed by poets who necessarily referred to it as they would refer to La Fontaine, an overwhelming model that one sometimes dares to analyze in order to pierce his secret or that one merely admires to allow himself to ambition a place after him
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Buyer, Paul de. "Vitesse de convergence vers l'équilibre de systèmes de particules en intéraction." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100080/document.
Abstract:
Dans cette thèse nous nous intéressons principalement aux comportements diffusifs et à la vitesse de convergence vers l'équilibre au sens de la variance de différents modèles de systèmes de particules interagissantes ainsi qu'à un problème de percolation. Nous commençons par introduire informellement le premier sujet. Dans l'étude des systèmes dynamiques, un processus de Markov apériodique et irréductible admettant une mesure invariante converge vers celle-ci en temps long. Dans ce travail, nous nous intéressons ici à la quantification de la vitesse de cette convergence en étudiant la variance du semigroupe associé à la dynamique appliqué à certains ensembles de fonctions. Deux vitesses de convergence sont envisagées ici : la vitesse de de convergence exponentielle impliquée par un trou spectral dans le générateur du processus; une vitesse de convergence polynomiale dite diffusive lorsque le trou spectral est nul.Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous nous étudions le modèle de marche aléatoire en milieu aléatoire et nous prouvons dans ce cadre une vitesse de décroissance de type diffusive.Dans le troisième chapitre, nous étudions le modèle d'exclusion simple à taux dégénérés en dimension 1 appelé ka1f. Nous prouvons des bornes sur le trou spectral en volume fini et une vitesse de décroissance sous-diffusive en volume infini.Dans le quatrième chapitre, nous étudions un modèle à spins non bornés. Nous prouvons une correspondance entre la covariance de l'évolution de deux masses et une marche aléatoire en milieu aléatoire dynamique. Dans le dernier chapitre, nous nous intéressons à un modèle de percolation et à l'étude d'une conjecture étudiant la distance de graphe au sens de la percolationIn this thesis, we are interested mainly by the diffusive behaviours and the speed of convergence towards equilibrium in the sense of the variance of different models of interacting particles systems and a problem of percolation.We start by introducing unformally the first subject of interest. In the study of dynamic systems, a markov process aperiodic and irreducible having an invariant measure converges towards it in a long time. In this work, we are interested to quantify the speed of this convergence by studying the variance of the semigroup associated to the dynamic applied to some set of functions. Two speeds of convergence are considered: the exponential speed of convergence implied by a spectral gap in the generator of the process; a polynomial tome of convergence called diffusive when the spectral gap is null.In the second chapter, we study the model of random walk in random environment and we prove in this context a diffusive behavior of the speed of convergence.in the third chapter, we study the simple exclusion process with degenerate rates in dimension 1 called ka1F. We prove bounds on the spectral gap in finite volume and a sub-diffusive behavior in infinite volume. In the fourth chapter, we study an unbounded spin model. We prove a relation betweden the covariance of the evolution of two masses and a random walk in a dynamic random environment.In the last chapter, we are interested in the model of percolation and the study of a conjecture studying the distance of graph in the sense of the percolation
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Larabi, Hakim. "Vers la modélisation multi-composants des flammes de spray Formalism for spatially averaged consumption speed considering spherically expanding flame configuration." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMIR20.
Abstract:
Jusqu’à aujourd’hui, les moteurs automobiles et aéronautiques étaient conçus pour fonctionner avec des combustibles fossiles. Pour relever les défis économiques et environnementaux du monde actuel et de la transition énergétique, des carburants de substitution sont développés et testés. Ils sont utilisés pour remplacer directement les carburants classiques ou bien sous forme de mélanges pour obtenir les propriétés thermochimiques souhaitées. Cependant, l’impact de ces nouveaux carburants sur les performances des chambres de combustion reste partiellement connu. Dans cette perspective, des simulations haute-fidélité de la combustion turbulente de carburants de substitution ne peuvent être réalisées qu’à la condition de prendre en compte une description détaillée multi-composants des mélanges de liquides et de gaz. L’objectif de cette thèse est de contribuer à la modélisation instationnaire des flammes de spray en présence de phénomènes complexes multi-composants : évaporation différentielle, mélange multi-espèces, nombreuses réactions chimiques en phase gazeuse. À cet effet, le carburant est traité comme un ensemble de mélanges à plusieurs composants, qui peuvent être différents dans les phases liquide et gazeuse en fonction de la précision requise. Différents modèles pour les phénomènes susmentionnés sont disponibles dans la littérature. Le principal défi est le couplage de ces différentes approches et leur validation dans des conditions réalistes et complexes. Premièrement, l’approche multi-composants choisie pour la phase gazeuse, basée sur le transport d’un grand nombre d’espèces et sur la chimie de type Arrhénius, est validée pour les flammes prémélangées. La configuration de flamme sphérique en expansion a été choisie pour étudier la vitesse de consommation de la flamme, paramètre important de la combustion. En collaboration avec l’équipe expérimentale du laboratoire CORIA, un formalisme pour l’évaluation précise de la vitesse de consommation de flamme est établi pour les flammes en expansion sphérique confinées et non confinées. Ce formalisme permet d’avoir une comparaison précise des résultats expérimentaux et numériques pour les flammes méthane / air et iso-octane / air et de valider ainsi le modèle de transport en phase gazeuse. Deuxièmement, nous nous sommes concentrés sur le processus physique d’évaporation. Le modèle d’évaporation multi-composants d’Abramzon-Sirignano est implémenté dans le solveur fluide YALES2 en se basant sur une approche de point-force pour les gouttelettes de carburant. Ce modèle a été adapté pour permettre de décrire l’évaporation d’un ou plusieurs composants avec ou sans évaporation différentielle. En tant que tel, le modèle est capable de traiter divers surrogates de carburant. Ce modèle d’évaporation est comparé au modèle de Spalding et validé sur les résultats expérimentaux de Chauveau et al. [33], Nomura et al. [158], Ghassemi et al. [82] et Daïf et al. [47] pour une gouttelette à un seul composant, puis une gouttelette isolée à deux composants avec et sans convection. Enfin, la simulation aux grandes échelles (LES) d’une flamme de spray complexe n-heptane/air est réalisée avec une chimie analytiquement réduite (ARC, [169, 205]). Cette flamme a été étudiée expérimentalement au laboratoire CORIA avec des diagnostics haute-fidélité pour caractériser la structure de la flamme et fournir des données quantitatives telles que la vitesse et la température en phase gazeuse ainsi que les distributions locales de taille et de vitesse des gouttelettes de carburant. La comparaison avec les données expérimentales [225] et avec les simulations réalisées dans le cadre du 6ème atelier sur la combustion turbulente de spray (TCS6), montre que les LES actuelles reproduisent fidèlement l’écoulement gazeux et les propriétés de la phase dispersée. Cette configuration ouvre la voie à la simulation de flammes de spray encore plus complexes avec des combustibles à plusieurs composantsUntil recently, automotive and aeronautical engines were designed to operate with fossil fuels. To better meet the economic and environmental challenges of the modern world and of the energy transition, alternative fuels are developed and tested. They are used to replaceconventional fuels or as a blend to achieve the desired thermo-chemical properties. However, the impact of these new fuels on the performance of combustion chambers remains partially known. From this perspective, high-fidelity simulations of turbulent combustion of alternative fuels can be reached only if a detailed multi-component description of the liquid and gas mixtures is considered. The objective of this thesis is to contribute to the unsteady modeling of spray flames where complex multi-component phenomena occur : differential evaporation, multi-species mixing, gas phase chemical reactions. To this aim, the fuel is treated as a set of multi-component mixtures, which may be different in the liquid and gas phases depending on the required accuracy. Different models for the aforementioned phenomena are available in the literature, and the main challenge is the coupling of these different approaches and their validation in realistic and complex conditions. First, the chosen multi-component approach for the gas phase, based on the transport of a large number of species and on finite-rate chemistry, is validated for premixed flames. The expanding spherical flame configuration was chosen to study the flame consumption speed, which is an important parameter in combustion. In collaboration with the experimental team at the CORIA laboratory, a flame consumption speed formalism is established for non-confined and confined spherical expanding flames. This formalism enables to have a precise comparison of experimental and numerical results for methane/air and iso-octane/air flames and to validate the gas phase models. Second, we focused on the physical process of evaporation. The multi-component evaporation model of Abramzon-Sirignano is implemented in the YALES2 flow solver based on a point-particle approach for the fuel droplets. This model is adapted to enable the description of single- or multi-component evaporation with or without differential evaporation. As such, the model is capable of dealing with various fuel surrogates. The evaporation model is compared to the Spalding model and validated on experimental results of Chauveau et al. [33], Nomura et al. [158], Ghassemi et al. [82] and Daïf et al. [47] for a single component droplet and then two-component isolated droplet with and without convection. Finally, the 3D Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) of a complex n-heptane/air spray flame is conducted with analytical reduced chemistry (ARC, [169, 205]). This flame was experimentally studied at the CORIA laboratory with high fidelity diagnostics to characterize the flame structure and provide quantitative data such as gas-phase velocity and temperature as well as local droplet size and velocity distributions. Comparison with the experimental data [225] and with the simulations carried out within the framework of the 6th Workshop on Turbulent Combustion of Spray, shows that the current LES accurately reproduce the gas flow and properties of the dispersed phase. This configuration paves the way for the simulation of even more complex spray flames with multi-component fuels
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Drouin, Bernard. "Optimisation des sources motrices dans les mouvements d'oscillation : une evolution vers l'hydraulique rapide." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066343.
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Rendulic, Nina. "Le discours représenté dans les interactions orales. De l'étude des structures en contexte vers la construction de l'image des relations interlocutives." Thesis, Orléans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ORLE1144/document.
Abstract:
A partir des données contextualisées, extraites d’ESLO, un corpus oral du français contemporain, cette thèse étudie la variation dans l’actualisation des discours représentés (rapportés), avec une double finalité : rendre compte, par un modèle théorique, de leur complexité structurale dans le contexte des interactions orales et analyser leur influence sur la construction des liens interlocutifs et des trajectoires thématiques.Après avoir délimité les frontières externes du phénomène et situé le concept de discours représenté par rapport à plusieurs approches linguistiques et extralinguistiques qui reflètent sa complexité épistémologique, cette étude s’engage dans deux directions. La première, formelle, proposera une définition des discours représentés en tant que constructions grammaticales, définies par l’inséparabilité de trois critères : la structure bipartite, le décalage énonciatif et le fonctionnement métadiscursif. L’apport principal d’une telle analyse se précise dans la réinterprétation des liens entre le « discours citant » et le « discours cité », étudiés dans une perspective macrosyntaxique qui s’applique à toute la variation dans l’actualisation des discours représentés en contexte des interactions orales. La seconde direction, qui se rapporte aux liens entre les discours représentés et la construction d’une relation interlocutive, présente l’étude de plusieurs configurations de discours représentés en contexte, avec deux finalités : l’étude du rapport à autrui, l’interlocuteur, moyennant la mise en scène et l’illusion d’authenticité véhiculées par le discours représenté et l’étude du rapport à soi-même, le locuteur, par la construction d’une image de soi à travers les interventions dans la reconstruction des paroles autresBased on a contextualized data extracted from ESLO, an oral corpus of modern French, this PhD thesis examines the variation in the actualization of represented (reported) speech, with a double aim: to account for their structural complexity in oral interaction and to analyze their influence on the construction of the interlocutive relation and thematic paths.After defining the external borders of the phenomenon and placing the concept of represented speech with regard to several linguistic and non-linguistic approaches that reflect its epistemological complexity, this study engages in two directions. The first one, formal, will define represented speech as grammatical constructions, determined by the inseparability of three criteria: the bipartite structure, the enunciation offset and the metadiscursive functioning. The main contribution of this analysis is being illustrated in the reinterpretation of the link between “quoting discourse” and “quoted discourse”, analyzed in the macrosyntactic perspective that applies to all occurrences of represented speech in oral interaction. The second direction, which relates to the links between represented speech and the construction of an interlocutive relation, studies several represented speech configurations in context, with two aims: the study of the relation to the interlocutor, through the staging and the authenticity illusion conveyed by represented speech, and the study of the relation to oneself, the speaker, constructing a self-image through his interventions in the reconstruction of other words
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Gotab, Pierre. "Classification automatique pour la compréhension de la parole : vers des systèmes semi-supervisés et auto-évolutifs." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00858980.
Abstract:
La compréhension automatique de la parole est au confluent des deux grands domaines que sont la reconnaissance automatique de la parole et l'apprentissage automatique. Un des problèmes majeurs dans ce domaine est l'obtention d'un corpus de données conséquent afin d'obtenir des modèles statistiques performants. Les corpus de parole pour entraîner des modèles de compréhension nécessitent une intervention humaine importante, notamment dans les tâches de transcription et d'annotation sémantique. Leur coût de production est élevé et c'est la raison pour laquelle ils sont disponibles en quantité limitée.Cette thèse vise principalement à réduire ce besoin d'intervention humaine de deux façons : d'une part en réduisant la quantité de corpus annoté nécessaire à l'obtention d'un modèle grâce à des techniques d'apprentissage semi-supervisé (Self-Training, Co-Training et Active-Learning) ; et d'autre part en tirant parti des réponses de l'utilisateur du système pour améliorer le modèle de compréhension.Ce dernier point touche à un second problème rencontré par les systèmes de compréhension automatique de la parole et adressé par cette thèse : le besoin d'adapter régulièrement leurs modèles aux variations de comportement des utilisateurs ou aux modifications de l'offre de services du système
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Rendulic, Nina. "Le discours représenté dans les interactions orales. De l'étude des structures en contexte vers la construction de l'image des relations interlocutives." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ORLE1144.
Abstract:
A partir des données contextualisées, extraites d’ESLO, un corpus oral du français contemporain, cette thèse étudie la variation dans l’actualisation des discours représentés (rapportés), avec une double finalité : rendre compte, par un modèle théorique, de leur complexité structurale dans le contexte des interactions orales et analyser leur influence sur la construction des liens interlocutifs et des trajectoires thématiques.Après avoir délimité les frontières externes du phénomène et situé le concept de discours représenté par rapport à plusieurs approches linguistiques et extralinguistiques qui reflètent sa complexité épistémologique, cette étude s’engage dans deux directions. La première, formelle, proposera une définition des discours représentés en tant que constructions grammaticales, définies par l’inséparabilité de trois critères : la structure bipartite, le décalage énonciatif et le fonctionnement métadiscursif. L’apport principal d’une telle analyse se précise dans la réinterprétation des liens entre le « discours citant » et le « discours cité », étudiés dans une perspective macrosyntaxique qui s’applique à toute la variation dans l’actualisation des discours représentés en contexte des interactions orales. La seconde direction, qui se rapporte aux liens entre les discours représentés et la construction d’une relation interlocutive, présente l’étude de plusieurs configurations de discours représentés en contexte, avec deux finalités : l’étude du rapport à autrui, l’interlocuteur, moyennant la mise en scène et l’illusion d’authenticité véhiculées par le discours représenté et l’étude du rapport à soi-même, le locuteur, par la construction d’une image de soi à travers les interventions dans la reconstruction des paroles autresBased on a contextualized data extracted from ESLO, an oral corpus of modern French, this PhD thesis examines the variation in the actualization of represented (reported) speech, with a double aim: to account for their structural complexity in oral interaction and to analyze their influence on the construction of the interlocutive relation and thematic paths.After defining the external borders of the phenomenon and placing the concept of represented speech with regard to several linguistic and non-linguistic approaches that reflect its epistemological complexity, this study engages in two directions. The first one, formal, will define represented speech as grammatical constructions, determined by the inseparability of three criteria: the bipartite structure, the enunciation offset and the metadiscursive functioning. The main contribution of this analysis is being illustrated in the reinterpretation of the link between “quoting discourse” and “quoted discourse”, analyzed in the macrosyntactic perspective that applies to all occurrences of represented speech in oral interaction. The second direction, which relates to the links between represented speech and the construction of an interlocutive relation, studies several represented speech configurations in context, with two aims: the study of the relation to the interlocutor, through the staging and the authenticity illusion conveyed by represented speech, and the study of the relation to oneself, the speaker, constructing a self-image through his interventions in the reconstruction of other words
45
Menouti, Kanella. "Comment conjuguer le présent du verbe "être" ? Approche anthropologique et didactique d'une situation pédagogique complexe à travers l'enseignement d'une langue étrangère : le cas d'une école insulaire en Grèce." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON30029.
Abstract:
À partir du constat d’une absence d’apprentissage accusée de la part des élèves de français d’un collège insulaire grec, cette recherche tend à problématiser la relation qui existe entre la notion d’« apprenant » de français dans le Programme officiel et l’ « élève réel ». Le premier est constitué par le biais d’un discours disciplinaire revendiquant la modernisation du système éducatif par l’existence d’une dogmatique communicative : il s’agit d’un apprenant générique, entretenant une relation fonctionnelle avec la langue, actif dans son apprentissage, acteur dans toute situation de communication étrangère. Pour comprendre le deuxième, il faut l’observer en situation et dans ses interactions avec l’institution, il faut écouter sa parole : parole balbutiante d’un élève qui se cherche à la marge de l’apprentissage, parole d’un simulacre d’élève. Concevoir l’enseignement et l’apprentissage du français acquiert, dans ce contexte, des significations particulières. Le français, par sa qualité de langue « étrangère », pourrait constituer l’espace symbolique d’un devenir élève, d’un élève qui s’inscrit dans l’apprentissage par l’émergence de sa parole subjective. A condition que l’enseignant envisage l’élève au-delà de l’apprenant programmatique en s’impliquant lui même en tant que sujet dans la relation à tisser entre discours disciplinaire et pratiques de terrain. Assumer et exprimer le passage de la négativité de l’apprentissage de l’élève à l’émergence de l’apprenant réel marque sa prise en compte en tant que sujet par la pratique d’enseignementDeriving from the observation of an accentuated lack of learning of French as a Foreign Language in a secondary school in Greece, this research attempts to question the relation between the notions of “learner” in the official curriculum and the “real student”. Disciplinary discourse claiming modernisation of the educational system through a communicative doctrine construes the “learner” in generic terms as supposedly bearing a functional relationship with language, being an active participant and an actor in every communication situation. On the other hand, the “real student” can be comprehended through the observation of his acting and interacting with the institution and by listening to his words, those of a simulacrum of a student faltering in the margins of learning. In such a context, the process of teaching and learning French acquires particular significations. Due to its “foreignness”, the French language potentially constitutes a symbolic space for someone being a student, a student participating in the learning process through the emergence of his subjectivity in speech. On the condition that the teacher considers the student beyond the curriculum and by being involved himself as a subject in forming relations between the disciplinary discourse and classroom activities. To accept and to express the passage between the negativity of the student's learning and the emergence of a real learner marks the student’s consideration as being a subject in the process of teaching
46
Blanchon, Sylvain. "Etude de la diversité phénotypique et génotypique des dyskinésies ciliaires primitives : vers une prise en charge personnalisée." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC0073.
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Thai, Thi Hong An. "Trois essais sur la structure du capital et la vitesse d'ajustement vers d’un ratio «cible» d’endettement des entreprises vietnamiennes." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAG005.
Abstract:
Le premier article issu de cette thèse cherche à explorer les déterminants de la structure du capital des sociétés vietnamiennes cotées en bourse. Les analyses empiriques montrent que la proportion des investissements publics a un impact non linéaire sur le ratio d'endettement des entreprises, sous la forme d'un U inversé. En outre, nos résultats empiriques montrent que la proportion d’investissement étrangers est négativement associée au ratio d'endettement des entreprises vietnamiennes, qu'il s'agisse du ratio d'endettement à court terme ou du ratio d'endettement total. La même relation est observée pour la proportion d'investissement de la part de grands détenteurs.La deuxième étude vise à explorer de nouveaux aspects de la problématique de la vitesse d’ajustement à la structure de capital cible, optimale, des entreprises vietnamiennes cotées en bourse. Pour étudier cette problématique, nous adoptons un modèle d’ajustement partiel. Le cadre adopté est celui de la théorie du compromis, selon lequel les entreprises réajustent leur effet de levier en comparant les coûts et les avantages de l'ajustement, ce qui induit une hétérogénéité dans la structure du capital ainsi que la vitesse d'ajustement. Pour avoir un aperçu détaillé du mécanisme d’ajustement, la présente étude considère différents sous-échantillons d’entreprises, selon que leur niveau d'endettement est au-dessus ou en-dessous de la cible, proche ou loin de la cible. Nos résultats montrent un fort degré d'hétérogénéité dans le comportement d'ajustement des entreprises, ce qui est ligne avec la théorie du compromis.La dernière étude de la thèse analyse l'ajustement de la structure du capital des entreprises au cours de leur cycle de vie, et ce pour des sociétés vietnamiennes de 2005 à 2017. Les résultats montrent que la vitesse d'ajustement en fonction de l'effet de levier cible varie de manière significative au cours des cinq phases de la vie des entreprises. Nous avons également constaté que le modèle de flux de trésorerie est un indicateur plus fiable des étapes du cycle de vie d'une entreprise que son âge ou son taux de croissance. Nos résultats empiriques appuient la théorie du financement hiérarchique en tant que cadre pour comprendre le comportement des sociétés cotées en bourse tout au long de leur vieThe first paper stemmed from this thesis seeks to explore the determinants of the capital structure of Vietnamese listed companies, with an emphasis on outside ownership. The empirical results demonstrate that the proportion of state investment has no linear impact on firm leverage. The results, however, reveal an inverted U-shaped relationship. Besides, our empirical results show that the proportions of foreign investment and large holders are negatively associated with short-term, total and market leverage. There is no evidence about the non-linear relationship between foreign and large ownership and the capital structure of observed firms.The second study aims to explore some new aspects of the issue of adjustment speed toward the target leverage for Vietnamese publicly quoted firms by adopting a partial adjustment model. Through testing the existence of the target leverage and estimating the speed of adjustment, the study tries to find evidence of heterogeneity in adjustment behavior. Indeed, the assumption that the speed of adjustment is the same for all firms is inconsistent with the argument of the tradeoff theory which states that firms readjust their leverage by comparing the costs and benefits of adjustment. For different firms, these elements are different, leading to heterogeneity in speed. Even for a single company, the speed could change over time. To have an in-depth overview of the adjustment mechanism, this study goes inside different sub-samples of firms, i.e., above versus below the target; close versus far from the target; deficit versus surplus firms.The last essay belonging to the thesis provides the first ever evidence of the changes of adjustment behaviors over the business life cycle of Vietnam quoted firms from 2005 to 2017. The outcomes show that the adjustment speed towards the target leverage varies significantly across the five phases of life, and reaches the highest level in the stage of introduction. The results also indicate that the cash flow pattern is a more reliable proxy of business life cycle stages than firm age and growth rate. Our empirical evidence supports the pecking order theory as the best-fit framework to understand the funding behavior of Vietnam listed firms throughout corporate life
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Macedo, Auric?lia de. "Ind?cios sincr?nicos de gramaticaliza??o: o uso do verbo chegar em ora??es coordenadas e na per?frase verbal [chegar (e) + v2]: contribui??es para o ensino de gram?tica." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2010. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/16167.
Abstract:
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Based on North American Functional Linguistic Theory, our proposal is to describe and analyze the use of verb CHEGAR in verbal periphrasis such as [CHEGAR (E) + V2], where CHEGAR does not demonstrate a significance linked to physical movement. In linguistic literature, such periphrasis has been attributed several functions, related to aspectualization, emphasis of negative segments, and construction of mental spaces, among others. This study considers that the function of verb CHEGAR in the periphrasis in question is to indicate a global aspect, emphasizing a range of semantic-pragmatic nuances such as the sudden, instantaneous, or even abrupt character of the events refered to by the principal verb of the construction (V2), and/or the taking of initiative (sudden) by the agent (in the syntactic role of periphrastic subject), and/or subjective evaluations which go from surprise to frustration. Our objectives are the following: i) to describe and analyze the semanticpragmatic, morphosyntactic and social relationships which characterize the use of CHEGAR in verbal periphrases like [CHEGAR (E) + V2] and in coordinated/juxtaposed speech in which CHEGAR is the principal verb of the first utterance and is an elocution verb and the principal verb of the second; ii) identify, based on this description and analysis, synchrony proof in the grammaticalization of CHEGAR as an auxiliary verb in the periphrasis refered to. There was observed to be a strong similarity between coordinate/juxtaposed and periphrastic constructions. Such similarities strengthen the hypothesis that the use of CHEGAR as a lexical verb in coordinate/juxtaposed structures is the origin of the use of CHEGAR in the periphrastic structure, since the many properties encountered with higher frequency in lexical use are also just as frequently used as auxiliaries. Nevertheless, between the two constructions being studied, sufficient difference can be observed to see that CHEGAR, in the periphrasis [CHEGAR (E) V2], is behaving like an auxiliary verb, and shows typical properties of these types of verbs: i) in 100% of occurrences, it does not have a complement;ii) it has a co-referential subject in 100% of cases; iii) it does not appear with intervening material between it and V2. Besides this, CHEGAR, in periphrases, is predominant in nonneutral evaluation contexts, denoted by V2. Inspired by the results obtained, we propose strategies for the discussion of the [CHEGAR (E) V2] periphrases in both elementary and high schools.
Com base no referencial te?rico do Funcionalismo Ling??stico norte-americano, nossa proposta ? descrever e analisar o uso do verbo CHEGAR em per?frases verbais do tipo [CHEGAR (E) + V2], em que CHEGAR n?o manifesta significado ligado a movimento f?sico. Na literatura ling??stica, a tais per?frases t?m sido atribu?das fun??es variadas, relacionadas ? aspectualiza??o, ? ?nfase de trechos narrativos e ? constru??o de espa?os mentais, entre outras. Neste estudo, consideramos que a fun??o do verbo CHEGAR nas per?frases em quest?o ? indicar aspecto global, ressaltando um leque de nuan?as sem?ntico-pragm?ticas como o car?ter repentino, instant?neo ou at? brusco do evento referido pelo verbo principal da constru??o (V2), e/ou a tomada de iniciativa (s?bita) do agente (no papel sint?tico de sujeito da per?frase), e/ou avalia??es subjetivas que v?o da surpresa ? frustra??o. Nossos objetivos s?o: (i) descrever e analisar as rela??es sem?nticopragm?ticas, morfossint?ticas e sociais que caracterizam o uso de CHEGAR em per?frases verbais do tipo [CHEGAR (E) + V2] e em ora??es coordenadas/justapostas em que CHEGAR ? o verbo principal da primeira ora??o e um verbo de elocu??o ? o verbo principal da segunda ora??o; (i) identificar, com base nessa descri??o e an?lise, ind?cios sincr?nicos da gramaticaliza??o de CHEGAR como verbo auxiliar nas referidas per?frases. Observamos haver forte similaridade entre as constru??es coordenadas/justapostas e perifr?sticas. Tais similaridades fortalecem a hip?tese de que o uso de CHEGAR como verbo lexical na estrutura coordenada/justaposta ? a fonte dos usos de CHEGAR na estrutura perifr?stica, uma vez que v?rias das propriedades que encontramos com grande freq??ncia no uso lexical est?o tamb?m presentes com grande freq??ncia no uso auxiliar. Todavia, entre as duas constru??es sob enfoque observam-se diferen?as suficientes para se considerar que CHEGAR, na per?frase [CHEGAR (E) V2], comporta-se como verbo auxiliar, pois manifesta propriedades t?picas desse tipo de verbos: (i) n?o seleciona complemento em 100% das ocorr?ncias; (ii) possui sujeito correferencial ao de V2 em 100% das ocorr?ncias; (iii) n?o aparece com material interveniente entre si e V2. Com inspira??o nos resultados obtidos, propusemos estrat?gias para a abordagem da per?frase [CHEGAR (E) V2] nas escolas de n?vel fundamental e m?dio.
49
Diaz, Villalba Alejandro. "Le participe dans les grammaires des langues romanes (XVe-XVIIIe siècles). Histoire comparée d'une classe grammaticale." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCA080.
Abstract:
L’étude présente l’histoire de la classe du participe à travers un corpus de grammaires del’espagnol, du français, de l’italien et du portugais parues entre le XVe et le XVIIIe siècle.La démarche comparative s’appuie sur le principe méthodologique de la mise en série d’une centaine d’ouvrages regroupés et confrontés selon des paramètres variables : la chronologie, le thème ou la tradition grammaticale de la langue-objet.La première partie aborde la question de la catégorisation en linguistique et s’interroge sur la nature des formes non finies du verbe, tout particulièrement du participe et de son emploi dans les formes verbales analytiques. La deuxième partie traite de l’histoire du participe sous un angle général. Ainsi, après avoir donné un aperçu des aspects problématiques qui intéressent les grammairiens grecs et latins, l’analyse se centre sur le traitement de la classe dans les grammaires des langues romanes. La troisième partie s’attache à étudier les approches et les concepts dont se servent les grammairiens de la Renaissance pour traiter les temps composés ainsi que la façon dont ils décrivent et (re)catégorisent les formes participiales de ces temps verbauxThe study investigates the history of the word-class of participle through a close study of a corpus of French, Spanish, Portuguese and Italian grammars which were published between the 15th and 18th centuries. The comparative approach is based on the methodological principle of “series of texts”, by grouping and collating a hundred works according to several variable parameters: the chronology, the theme or the grammatical tradition of the language in question.The first part of the study deals with the linguistic categorization and questions the nature of the non-finite verbal forms, especially the participle and its use in an analytical verbal form. The second part deals with the history of the participle from a more general point of view. Thus, after an overview of the problematic aspects of Greek and Latin grammarians, the analysis focuses on the treatment of the word-class in the grammars of the Romance languages. The third part focuses on the approaches and concepts used by the Renaissance grammarians to deal with compound tenses and on how they described and (re)-categorized the participle forms of these verbal tenses
El estudio presenta la historia de la clase del participio a través de un corpus de gramáticas de español, francés, italiano y portugués publicadas entre los siglos XV y XVIII. El enfoque comparativo se basa en el principio metodológico de la constitución de series textuales, que nos permite agrupar y cotejar un centenar de textos en función de parámetros variables: la cronología, el tema o la tradición gramatical de la lengua objeto.La primera parte aborda el asunto de la categorización en lingüística e indaga la naturaleza de las formas no finitas del verbo, especialmente la del participio y su utilización en las formas analíticas del verbo. La segunda parte propone una aproximacióna la historia del participio desde una perspectiva más general. Así pues, tras una cala en los aspectos problemáticos relacionados con el participio tratados por los gramáticos griegos y latinos, el análisis se centra en el tratamiento de la clase en las gramáticas de las lenguas romances. La tercera parte investiga sobre los enfoques y los conceptos que emplean los gramáticos del Renacimiento para tratar los tiempos compuestos, y sobre el modo en que describen y (re)categorizan las formas participiales de esos tiempos verbales
50
Мазна, Ю. О. "Статус повнозначних слів у споріднених мовах: лінгвістичний і перекладацький вектори." Master's thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2020. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/81243.
Abstract:
У магістерській роботі аналізуються повнозначні слова споріднених англійської і української мови. Розглядаються самостійні частини мови, якими найчастіше виступають повнозначні слова, основні методи їх перекладу. Наведені приклади із серії книг Дж. К. Ролінґ «Гаррі Поттер». У методичній частині розглядається порівняльний підхід, для вивчення англійської мови. Метод орієнтований на знаходження схожих лексичних одиниць, запам'ятовування їх написання і вимову. Універсальність порівняльного підходу полягає у тому, що його можна використовувати не тільки на початковому, але і на наступних етапах вивчення мови. Це залежить від рівня знань іноземної мови, інтересів і здібностей учнів.В магистерской работе анализируются знаменательные слова родственных английского и украинского языков. Рассматриваются самостоятельные части речи, которыми чаще всего выступают знаменательные слова, основные методы их перевода. Приведены примеры из серии книг Дж. К. Роулинг «Гарри Поттер». В методической части рассматривается сравнительный подход для изучения английского языка. Метод ориентирован на нахождение похожих лексических единиц, запоминание их написания и произношения. Универсальность сравнительного подхода заключается в том, что его можно использовать не только на начальном, но и на последующих этапах изучения языка. Это зависит от уровня знаний иностранного языка, интересов и способностей учащихся.
The master thesis analyzes the meaning-bearing words in related English and Ukrainian languages. The independent parts of speech and the main methods of their translation are considered. Examples are provided from J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter series of books. The methodological part deals to comparative approach in learning English. The method is focused on finding similar lexical units, memorizing them, writing and pronunciation. The versatility of the comparative approach lies in the fact that it can be used not only at the initial, but also at subsequent stages of language learning. It depends on the level of knowledge of a foreign language, interests and abilities of students.