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Sherman, Victoria, Rosemary Martino, Ishvinder Bhathal, Gabrielle DeVeber, Nomazulu Dlamini, Daune MacGregor, Elizabeth Pulcine, Deryk S. Beal, Kevin E. Thorpe, and Mahendranath Moharir. "Swallowing, Oral Motor, Motor Speech, and Language Impairments Following Acute Pediatric Ischemic Stroke." Stroke 52, no. 4 (April 2021): 1309–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.120.031893.
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Background and Purpose: Following adult stroke, dysphagia, dysarthria, and aphasia are common sequelae. Little is known about these impairments in pediatric stroke. We assessed frequencies, co-occurrence and associations of dysphagia, oral motor, motor speech, language impairment, and caregiver burden in pediatric stroke. Methods: Consecutive acute patients from term birth-18 years, hospitalized for arterial ischemic stroke (AIS), and cerebral sinovenous thrombosis, from January 2013 to November 2018 were included. Two raters reviewed patient charts to detect documentation of in-hospital dysphagia, oral motor dysfunction, motor speech and language impairment, and caregiver burden, using a priori operational definitions for notation and assessment findings. Other variables abstracted included demographics, preexisting conditions, stroke characteristics, and discharge disposition. Impairment frequencies were obtained by univariate and bivariate analysis and associations by simple logistic regression. Results: A total of 173 patients were stratified into neonates (N=67, mean age 2.9 days, 54 AIS, 15 cerebral sinovenous thrombosis) and children (N=106, mean age 6.5 years, 73 AIS, 35 cerebral sinovenous thrombosis). Derived frequencies of impairments included dysphagia (39% neonates, 41% children); oral motor (6% neonates, 41% children); motor speech (37% children); and language (31% children). Common overlapping impairments included oral motor and motor speech (24%) and dysphagia and motor speech (23%) in children. Associations were found only in children between stroke type (AIS over cerebral sinovenous thrombosis) and AIS severity (more severe deficit at presentation) for all impairments except feeding impairment alone. Caregiver burden was present in 58% patients. Conclusions: For the first time, we systematically report the frequencies and associations of dysphagia, oral motor, motor speech, and language impairment during acute presentation of pediatric stroke, ranging from 30% to 40% for each impairment. Further research is needed to determine long-term effects of these impairments and to design standardized age-specific assessment protocols for early recognition following stroke.
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Watts, Christopher R., and Yan Zhang. "Progression of Self-Perceived Speech and Swallowing Impairment in Early Stage Parkinson's Disease: Longitudinal Analysis of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 65, no. 1 (January 12, 2022): 146–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2021_jslhr-21-00216.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence and progression of self-perceived speech and swallowing impairments in newly diagnosed people with Parkinson's disease (PD) longitudinally across 6 years. Method: Longitudinal data from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative were analyzed across six consecutive years in a cohort of 269 newly diagnosed people with PD, and a subset of those ( n = 211) who were assessed at every time point across the 6 years. Dependent variables included self-perceived ratings of speech and swallowing impairment severity from the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. Patient-centered factors of age at diagnosis and motor phenotype were also assessed to determine if they were related to the change in self-perceived speech and swallowing impairments. Results: Overall, self-perceived speech and swallowing impairments were present in newly diagnosed people with PD, although over time, the degree of severity for both remained in the mild range. However, the rate of change over time was significant for perceived speech impairment, F (5.5, 1158.8) = 21.1, p < .001), and perceived swallowing impairment, F (5.2, 1082.6) = 8.6, p < .001. Changes for speech and swallowing impairment were both in the direction of progressive severity. There were no effects of age at diagnosis or motor phenotype on the degree of change for either speech or swallowing. Conclusions: Self-perceptions of speech and swallowing impairment changed significantly over time in newly diagnosed people with PD (PWPD). Consistent with existing literature, self-perceptions of speech impairment were rated as more severe than those of swallowing impairment. These findings reveal that even in the early years postdiagnoses, PWPD are experiencing changes to speech and swallowing function, albeit within the mildly severe range. The presence of self-perceived mild speech and swallowing impairments in the initial years postdiagnosis may support the need for intervention to improve and or sustain function over time.
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Chenausky, Karen, Amanda Brignell, Angela Morgan, and Helen Tager-Flusberg. "Motor speech impairment predicts expressive language in minimally verbal, but not low verbal, individuals with autism spectrum disorder." Autism & Developmental Language Impairments 4 (January 2019): 239694151985633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2396941519856333.
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Background and aims Developmental motor speech impairment has been suspected, but rarely systematically examined, in low- and minimally verbal individuals with autism spectrum disorder. We aimed to investigate the extent of motor speech impairment in this population and its relation to number of different words produced during a semi-structured language sample. Methods Videos of 54 low-verbal and minimally verbal individuals (ages 4;4–18;10) performing portions of a speech praxis test were coded for signs of motor speech impairment (e.g., childhood apraxia of speech). Age, autism spectrum disorder severity, nonspeech oral-motor ability, speech production ability, nonverbal IQ, and receptive vocabulary were compared between groups. Results Four groups emerged: (1) speech within normal limits ( n = 12), (2) non-childhood apraxia of speech impairment ( n = 16), (3) suspected childhood apraxia of speech ( n = 13), and (4) insufficient speech to rate ( n = 13). Groups differed significantly in nonspeech oral-motor ability, speech production ability, nonverbal IQ, and receptive vocabulary. Overall, only speech production ability and receptive vocabulary accounted for significant variance in number of different words. Receptive vocabulary significantly predicted number of different words only in Groups 1 and 2, while speech production ability significantly predicted number of different words only in Groups 3 and 4. Conclusions and implications If replicated, our findings have important implications for developing much-needed spoken language interventions in minimally verbal individuals with autism spectrum disorder.
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Terband, Hayo, Manon Spruit, and Ben Maassen. "Speech Impairment in Boys With Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 27, no. 4 (November 21, 2018): 1405–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_ajslp-17-0013.
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BackgroundFetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are a highly prevalent spectrum of patterns of congenital defects resulting from prenatal exposure to alcohol. Approximately 90% of the cases involve speech impairment. Yet, to date, no detailed symptom profiles nor dedicated treatment plans are available for this population.PurposeThis study set out to chart the speech and speech motor characteristics in boys with FASD to profile the concomitant speech impairment and identify possible underlying mechanisms.MethodTen boys with FASD (4.5–10.3 years old) and 26 typically developing children (4.1–8.7 years old; 14 boys, 12 girls) participated in the study. Speech production and perception, and oral motor data were collected by standardized tests.ResultsThe boys with FASD showed reduced scores on all tasks as well as a deviant pattern of correlations between production and perception tasks and intelligibility compared with the typically developing children. Speech motor profiles showed specific problems with nonword repetition and tongue control.ConclusionsFindings indicate that the speech impairment in boys with FASD results from a combination of deficits in multiple subsystems and should be approached as a disorder rather than a developmental delay. The results suggest that reduced speech motor planning/programming, auditory discrimination, and oral motor abilities should be considered in long-term, individually tailored treatment.
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Hustad, Katherine C., Ashley Sakash, Aimee Teo Broman, and Paul J. Rathouz. "Differentiating Typical From Atypical Speech Production in 5-Year-Old Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Comparative Analysis." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 28, no. 2S (July 15, 2019): 807–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_ajslp-msc18-18-0108.
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Objective Early diagnosis of speech disorders in children with cerebral palsy (CP) is of critical importance. A key problem is differentiating those with borderline or mild speech motor deficits from those who are within an age-appropriate range of variability. We sought to quantify how well functional speech measures differentiated typically developing (TD) children from children with CP. Method We studied speech production in 45 children with CP (26 with clinical speech motor impairment [SMI] and 19 with no evidence of speech motor impairment [NSMI]) and in 29 TD children of the same age. Speech elicitation tasks were used. Intelligibility, speech rate, and intelligible words per minute were examined. Results All measures differentiated between all 3 groups of children with considerable precision based on area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) data. AUC was highest for overall intelligibility, which ranged from .88 to .99. Intelligible words per minute also yielded very strong AUCs, ranging from .81 to .99. In each of the receiver operating characteristic models, discrimination between groups was highest for children with speech motor impairment versus TD children. Data indicated that 90% of TD children had overall intelligibility above 87% at 5 years of age, but that no child was 100% intelligible. Furthermore, 90% children with SMI had intelligibility below 72%. Conclusion Findings suggest that functional speech measures differentiate very clearly between children with and without CP and that even children who do not show evidence of speech motor impairment have functional differences in their speech production ability relative to TD peers.
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Hustad, Katherine C., Tristan J. Mahr, Aimee Teo Broman, and Paul J. Rathouz. "Longitudinal Growth in Single-Word Intelligibility Among Children With Cerebral Palsy From 24 to 96 Months of Age: Effects of Speech-Language Profile Group Membership on Outcomes." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 63, no. 1 (January 22, 2020): 32–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2019_jslhr-19-00033.
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Purpose We examined whether there were differences among speech-language profile groups of children with cerebral palsy (CP) in age of crossing 25%, 50%, and 75% intelligibility thresholds; age of greatest intelligibility growth; rate of intelligibility growth; maximum attained intelligibility at 8 years; and how well intelligibility at 36 months predicts intelligibility at 96 months when group membership is accounted for. Profile groups were children with no speech motor impairment (NSMI), those with speech motor impairment and language comprehension that is typically developing (SMI-LCT), and those with speech motor impairment and language comprehension impairment (SMI-LCI). Method Sixty-eight children with CP were followed longitudinally between 24 and 96 months of age. A total of 564 time points were examined across children ( M = 8.3 time points per child, SD = 2.6). We fitted a nonlinear random effects model for longitudinal observations, allowing for differences between profile groups. We used the fitted model trajectories to generate descriptive analyses of intelligibility growth by group and to generate simulations to analyze how well 36-month intelligibility data predicted 96-month data accounting for profile groups. Results Children with CP who have NSMI have different growth and better intelligibility outcomes than those with speech motor impairment. Children with SMI-LCT tend to have better outcomes but similar intelligibility growth as children with SMI-LCI. There may be a subset of children that cut across SMI-LCI and SMI-LCT groups who have severe speech motor involvement and show limited growth in intelligibility. Conclusions Intelligibility outcomes for children with CP are affected by profile group membership. Intelligibility growth tends to be delayed in children with speech motor impairment. Intelligibility at 3 years is highly predictive of later outcomes regardless of profile group. Intervention decision making should include consideration of early intelligibility, and treatment directions should include consideration of augmentative and alternative communication.
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Balažinec, Marijana, Ljiljana Širić, Lana Maljković, and Katarina Marijan. "Acquired non-specific stuttering in Parkinson’s disease." Logopedija 12, no. 1 (July 10, 2022): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31299/log.12.1.4.
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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease predominantly characterized by tremor, bradykinesia, and rigor. In addition to motor and non-motor manifestations of Parkinson’s disease, there are a number of symptoms, including speech disorders and other cognitive impairments. The most common speech symptoms are bradylalia, dysarthria, hypophonia and impaired prosody. Cognitive changes that occur in the prodromal phase of PD include impairment in executive functions and working memory, followed by impairment in attention and verbal fluency, and that is before the motor characteristics of PD become visible. The aim of the study is to present the case of a 74-year-old patient with Parkinson’s disease who has speech and language difficulties and atypical speech disfluency. Diagnostic processing was performed using a clinical battery of tests for speech – language assessment and neuropsychological assessment. The results of the speech – language assessment indicate significantly reduced intelligence due to non-specific speech disfluency and inaccurate articulation, difficulty in organizing spontaneous expression and understanding grammatical structures, impaired phonemic verbal fluency and difficulties in receptive vocabulary. Neuropsychological processing indicated diffuse deterioration of the examined cognitive functioning to be larger than expected when taking ito consideration the age and probably good premorbid abilities of this person.
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Cunningham, Barbara Jane, and Janis Oram Cardy. "Reliability of Speech-Language Pathologists' Categorizations of Preschoolers' Communication Impairments in Practice." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 30, no. 2 (March 26, 2021): 734–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_ajslp-20-00239.
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Purpose An efficient and reliable way to categorize children's communication impairments based on routine clinical assessments is needed to inform research and clinical decisions. This preliminary study assessed interrater reliability of speech-language pathologists' categorization of preschoolers' speech, language, and communication impairments using a clinical consensus document. Method Six speech-language pathologists at three community sites worked in pairs to assess 38 children aged 1–5 years, then used the clinical consensus document to categorize children's communication impairments broadly. Identified language and speech sound impairments were further subcategorized. Results Speech-language pathologists had substantial to almost perfect agreement for three broadly focused impairment categories. Agreement for whether language difficulties/disorders were developmental or associated with a biomedical condition was almost perfect, but moderate for whether difficulties impacted receptive or expressive language, or social communication skills. Agreement was fair for rule-based speech delays/disorders, but low for motor-based and mixed speech impairments. Conclusions Results support use of the clinical consensus document to collect data for reliable categories. Additional work is needed to confirm reliability for some broadly focused impairment categories and for subcategorization of speech impairments.
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Kronenbuerger, Martin, Jürgen Konczak, Wolfram Ziegler, Paul Buderath, Benedikt Frank, Volker A. Coenen, Karl Kiening, Peter Reinacher, Johannes Noth, and Dagmar Timmann. "Balance and Motor Speech Impairment in Essential Tremor." Cerebellum 8, no. 3 (May 19, 2009): 389–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12311-009-0111-y.
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Babajić, Mirela, Emira Švraka, and Dijana Avdić. "Frequency of joined disabilities of children with cerebral palsy in Tuzla canton." Journal of Health Sciences 3, no. 3 (December 15, 2013): 222–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17532/jhsci.2013.111.
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Introduction: Cerebral palsy (CP) connotes a group of non-progressive, but often variable symptoms of motor impairment of movement and posture, as well as other impairments which are a consequenceof anomalies or brain impairment in different phases of its development. CP is a pathological condition characterised in the fi rst place by motor function impairment to which other disorders such as: visual andhearing impairment, intellectual defi cit, emotional problems, behaviour disorder, speech disorder, epileptic seizure and similar can join. The aim of this study is to determine frequency of joined disabilities ofchildren with cerebral palsy in Tuzla Canton.Methods: The research covers a total sample of 48 examinees, chronological age from 2-19 years, in Tuzla Canton. Research instrument was a Structural Questionnaire for the parents of children and adolescentswith cerebral palsy. Research data were processed by nonparametric statistics method. Basic statistical parameters of frequency and percentages were calculated, and tabular presentation was made.Results: After classification of examinees as per frequency of joined disabilities was done, work results have shown that speech impairment occurred with 35.4 % of children, visual impairment 33.3 %, epilepsy29.3 %, whereas hearing impairment occurred with 2 % of children.Conclusion: In research of frequency of joined disabilities of children with cerebral palsy in Tuzla Canton, most expressed are speech and visual disorders with children, then epilepsy, whereas a small percentageof children are with hearing disorder.
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Poole, Matthew L., Amy Brodtmann, David Darby, and Adam P. Vogel. "Motor Speech Phenotypes of Frontotemporal Dementia, Primary Progressive Aphasia, and Progressive Apraxia of Speech." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 60, no. 4 (April 14, 2017): 897–911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2016_jslhr-s-16-0140.
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Purpose Our purpose was to create a comprehensive review of speech impairment in frontotemporal dementia (FTD), primary progressive aphasia (PPA), and progressive apraxia of speech in order to identify the most effective measures for diagnosis and monitoring, and to elucidate associations between speech and neuroimaging. Method Speech and neuroimaging data described in studies of FTD and PPA were systematically reviewed. A meta-analysis was conducted for speech measures that were used consistently in multiple studies. Results The methods and nomenclature used to describe speech in these disorders varied between studies. Our meta-analysis identified 3 speech measures which differentiate variants or healthy control-group participants (e.g., nonfluent and logopenic variants of PPA from all other groups, behavioral-variant FTD from a control group). Deficits within the frontal-lobe speech networks are linked to motor speech profiles of the nonfluent variant of PPA and progressive apraxia of speech. Motor speech impairment is rarely reported in semantic and logopenic variants of PPA. Limited data are available on motor speech impairment in the behavioral variant of FTD. Conclusions Our review identified several measures of speech which may assist with diagnosis and classification, and consolidated the brain–behavior associations relating to speech in FTD, PPA, and progressive apraxia of speech.
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Basilakos, Alexandra. "Contemporary Approaches to the Management of Post-stroke Apraxia of Speech." Seminars in Speech and Language 39, no. 01 (January 22, 2018): 025–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1608853.
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AbstractApraxia of speech (AOS) is a motor speech disorder that disrupts the planning and programming of speech motor movements. In the acute stage of stroke recovery, AOS following unilateral (typically) left hemisphere stroke can occur alongside dysarthria, an impairment in speech execution and control, and/or aphasia, a higher-level impairment in language function. At this time, perceptual evaluation (the systematic, although subjective, description of speech and voice characteristics) is perhaps the only “gold standard” for differential diagnosis when it comes to motor speech disorders. This poses a challenge for speech-language pathologists charged with the evaluation of poststroke communication abilities, as distinguishing production impairments associated with AOS from those that can occur in aphasia and/or dysarthria can be difficult, especially when more than one deficit is present. Given the need for more objective, reliable methods to identify and diagnose AOS, several studies have turned to acoustic evaluation and neuroimaging to supplement clinical assessment. This article focuses on these recent advances. Studies investigating acoustic evaluation of AOS will be reviewed, as well as those that have considered the extent that neuroimaging can guide clinical decision making. Developments in the treatment of AOS will also be discussed. Although more research is needed regarding the use of these methods in everyday clinical practice, the studies reviewed here show promise as emerging tools for the management of AOS.
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DePaul, Roxanne, and Benjamin R. Brooks. "Multiple Orofacial Indices in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 36, no. 6 (December 1993): 1158–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3606.1158.
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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by significant speech and swallowing problems resulting from upper and lower motor neuron loss. Weakness is the primary ALS disease-related sign, and measures of muscle strength have revealed nonuniform patterns of muscle weakness in orofacial muscles. To a large extent, muscle strength measures in these studies have not been evaluated in terms of functional significance, and few researchers have addressed the relation between weakness and motor neuron loss. This study addressed whether multiple measures, including static isometric maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), a dynamic measure of the peak rate of change of force (PRCF), an upper motor neuron (UMN) index, and a functional disability score (FDS) might enhance understanding of speech dysfunction in ALS. Ten males diagnosed with sporadic ALS showing mild speech impairment and an equal number of matched controls were studied. Tongue MVC and PRCF were more impaired than those of the lip and jaw, irrespective of the time post onset and site of initial symptoms. Results also suggested that disproportionate tongue impairment may be related to UMN deficits. However, impairments in the rate of contraction did not appear to be related to UMN deficits. Tongue weakness and tongue and lower lip PRCF were related to the degree of speech severity, but none of the measures was related to speech intelligibility. The value of a functional outcome measure like speech intelligibility and its role in characterizing orofacial involvement in the early stages of ALS bulbar impairment are discussed.
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Ho, Aileen K., Robert Iansek, Caterina Marigliani, John L. Bradshaw, and Sandra Gates. "Speech Impairment in a Large Sample of Patients with Parkinson’s Disease." Behavioural Neurology 11, no. 3 (1999): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1999/327643.
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This study classified speech impairment in 200 patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) into five levels of overall severity and described the corresponding type (voice, articulation, fluency) and extent (rated on a five-point scale) of impairment for each level. From two-minute conversational speech samples, parameters of voice, fluency and articulation were assessed by two trained-raters. Voice was found to be the leading deficit, most frequently affected and impaired to a greater extent than other features in the initial stages. Articulatory and fluency deficits manifested later, articulatory impairment matching voice impairment in frequency and extent at the ‘Severe’ stage. At the final stage of `Profound' impairment, articulation was the most frequently impaired feature at the lowest level of performance. This study illustrates the prominence of voice and articulatory speech motor control deficits, and draws parallels with deficits of motor set and motor set instability in skeletal controls of gait and handwriting.
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Nevler, Naomi, Sharon Ash, Corey McMillan, Lauren Elman, Leo McCluskey, David J. Irwin, Sunghye Cho, Mark Liberman, and Murray Grossman. "Automated analysis of natural speech in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis spectrum disorders." Neurology 95, no. 12 (July 16, 2020): e1629-e1639. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000010366.
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ObjectiveWe implemented automated methods to analyze speech and evaluate the hypothesis that cognitive and motor factors impair prosody in partially distinct ways in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).MethodsWe recruited 213 participants, including 67 with ALS (44 with motor ALS, 23 with ALS and frontotemporal degeneration [FTD]), 33 healthy controls, and neurodegenerative reference groups with behavioral variant FTD (n = 90) and nonfluent/agrammatic primary progressive aphasia (n = 23). Digitized, semistructured speech samples obtained from picture descriptions were automatically segmented with a Speech Activity Detector; continuous speech segments were pitch-tracked; and duration measures for speech and silent pause segments were extracted. Acoustic measures were calculated, including fundamental frequency (f0) range, mean speech and pause segment durations, total speech duration, and pause rate (pause count per minute of speech). Group comparisons related performance on acoustic measures to clinical scales of cognitive and motor impairments and explored MRI cortical thinning in ALS and ALS-FTD.ResultsThe f0 range was significantly impaired in ALS spectrum disorders and was related to bulbar motor disease, and regression analyses related this to cortical thickness in primary motor cortex and perisylvian regions. Impaired speech and pause duration measures were related to the degree of cognitive impairment in ALS spectrum disorders, and regressions related duration measures to bilateral frontal opercula and left anterior insula.ConclusionAutomated analyses of acoustic speech properties dissociate motor and cognitive components of speech deficits in ALS spectrum disorders.
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Basagni, Benedetta, Sonia Martelli, Livia Ruffini, Anna Mazzucchi, and Francesca Cecchi. "Progressive Unspecified Motor Speech Disorder: A Longitudinal Single Case Study of an Older Subject." Geriatrics 7, no. 3 (April 24, 2022): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics7030052.
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Introduction: In a few cases, neurodegenerative diseases debut with a speech disorder whose differential diagnosis can be difficult. Case Report: We describe the case of a right-handed woman with a progressive speech impairment, which debuted when she was 80 years old. We report the results of neurological, neuropsychological, and imaging assessments with positron emission tomography (PET) over a period of nine years. Metabolic PET with 18F-FDG was performed at the age of 81 and repeated two years later due to the worsening of symptoms; amyloid PET with 18F-flutemetamol was performed at the age of 86. All PET results were quantitatively analyzed. A speech impairment remained the isolated neurological symptom for a long time, together with a mood disorder. Early FDG-PET showed hypometabolism in the left superior and inferior frontal areas, in the left superior temporal area, and in the right superior frontal area. Two years later, the hypometabolic area was more extensive. Amyloid PET was qualitatively and quantitatively normal. Nine years after the first symptoms, the speech production progressively worsened until complete anarthria, in association with writing impairment onset and signs of behavioral impairments. No signs of motor involvement were found. Conclusions: A progressive articulatory disorder without an evolution of motor disorders may be a distinct neurological degenerative entity, mainly affecting speech production for very a long time and with a specific early metabolic pattern in brain FDG-PET in the language production area. Monitoring patients with FDG-PET could predict the disease evolution years before a clinical deterioration.
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Hefter, H., G. Arendt, W. Stremmel, and H. J. Freund. "Motor impairment in Wilson's disease, II: slowness of speech." Acta Neurologica Scandinavica 87, no. 2 (January 29, 2009): 148–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0404.1993.tb04093.x.
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Goffman, Lisa. "Prosodic Influences on Speech Production in Children With Specific Language Impairment and Speech Deficits." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 42, no. 6 (December 1999): 1499–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4206.1499.
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It is often hypothesized that young children's difficulties with producing weak-strong (iambic) prosodic forms arise from perceptual or linguistically based production factors. A third possible contributor to errors in the iambic form may be biological constraints, or biases, of the motor system. In the present study, 7 children with specific language impairment (SLI) and speech deficits were matched to same age peers. Multiple levels of analysis, including kinematic (modulation and stability of movement), acoustic, and transcription, were applied to children's productions of iambic (weak-strong) and trochaic (strong-weak) prosodic forms. Findings suggest that a motor bias toward producing unmodulated rhythmic articulatory movements, similar to that observed in canonical babbling, contribute to children's acquisition of metrical forms. Children with SLI and speech deficits show less mature segmental and speech motor systems, as well as decreased modulation of movement in later developing iambic forms. Further, components of prosodic and segmental acquisition develop independently and at different rates.
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Lee, Daniel J., Eileen H. Bigio, Emily J. Rogalski, and M. Marsel Mesulam. "Speech and Language Presentations of FTLD-TDP Type B Neuropathology." Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology 79, no. 3 (January 29, 2020): 277–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnen/nlz132.
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Abstract Four right-handed patients who presented with an isolated impairment of speech or language had transactive response DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) type B pathology. Comportment and pyramidal motor function were preserved at presentation. Three of the cases developed axial rigidity and oculomotor findings late in their course with no additional pyramidal or lower motor neuron impairments. However, in all 4 cases, postmortem examination disclosed some degree of upper and lower motor neuron disease (MND) pathology in motor cortex, brainstem, and spinal cord. Although TDP-43 type B pathology is commonly associated with MND and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia, it is less recognized as a pathologic correlate of primary progressive aphasia and/or apraxia of speech as the presenting syndrome. These cases, taken together, contribute to the growing heterogeneity in clinical presentations associated with TDP pathology. Additionally, 2 cases demonstrated left anterior temporal lobe atrophy but without word comprehension impairments, shedding light on the relevance of the left temporal tip for single-word comprehension.
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Das, Dhananjoy, Kawsar Sultana, Golam Mohammed Tayeb Ali, Tanuka Barua, and Mahmood A. Chowdhury Arzu. "Rapid Neurodevelopmental Assessment (RNDA) : An Important Tool for Assessment of Psychomotor Development in Children with Perinatal Events." Chattagram Maa-O-Shishu Hospital Medical College Journal 20, no. 1 (May 25, 2021): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cmoshmcj.v20i1.53581.
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Background: Infants with various perinatal events are at risks for long term neurodevelopmental impairments. Neurodevelopmental assessment at early life has been considered as a valuable tool for prediction of neurodevelopmental outcomes in this population. This present study aimed to identify the neurodevelopmental impairments in high risk children by Rapid Neurodevelopment Assessment (RNDA)
Materials and methods : This was a cross sectional study conducted in the Autism and Child Development Centre of Chattogram Maa Shishu-O-General Hospital during the period of 0ctober to December 2018. Babies aged 0 -2 years with different perinatal events like prematurity, birth asphyxia, neonatal jaundice, and without any adverse event; that attended RNDA clinic underwent Rapid Neurodevelopmental Assessment (RNDA) to find at risk children for long term neurodevelopmental impairments.
Results: Among the 50 study subjects,Perinatal asphyxia was found in 41(82%). 26(52%) had history of IUGR, 22(44%) had Preterm delivery and 25(50%) had history of Neonatal convulsion. History of neonatal jaundice was found in 14(28%) cases. 5(10%) children did not have any perinatal event. The Mean ± SD age of study subjects was 7.38±7.31month. Severe impairment in gross motor and fine motor function were found in 25(50%) and 24(48%) respondents respectively. Vision was severely impaired in 10(20%) cases. Severe cognition and behavior impairment were found in 8(16%) and 3(6%) cases accordingly. Severe hearing and speech impairment were found in 2(4%) & 10(20%) cases respectively. Severe seizure was found in 19(39%) cases. Study subjects with the history of delayed cry or Perinatal asphyxia had significantly decreased fine motor skills. Children born with IUGR had significant gross motor and fine motor skill impairment. Significant speech & cognitive impairment were observed in children with neonatal jaundice. Seizure was found significant in study subjects with a history of neonatal convulsion.
Conclusion: Rapid Neurodevelopment Assessment (RNDA) plays an important role for early identification of neurodevelopmental impairments of high-risk infants and thus screening for these can promote early therapeutic intervention and subsequent follow up, leading to better outcome.
Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.20 (1); January 2021; Page 16-21
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McFadd, Emily D., and Katherine C. Hustad. "Communication Modes and Functions in Children With Cerebral Palsy." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 63, no. 6 (June 22, 2020): 1776–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_jslhr-19-00228.
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Purpose This study seeks to determine how speech-language impairments relate to the frequency and diversity of communication modes and functions produced by children with cerebral palsy (CP) during interactions with their mothers. Method We studied 40 children with CP ( M age = 62 months) comprising three groups: those who were unable to speak and had anarthria ( n = 15), those with speech motor impairment and language comprehension impairment (SMI-LCI; n = 15), and those with speech motor impairment and typical language comprehension (SMI-LCT; n = 10). Mother–child play interactions were coded for child modes and functions. Generalized linear regression models were used to examine the relationship between profile group and frequencies of communication modes and functions. Results Results indicated groups SMI-LCI and SMI-LCT had significantly higher mean frequencies of vocalizations, vocalizations + gestures, comments, initiations, and requests than the group of those who were unable to speak and had anarthria. All children used vocalizations primarily, though these vocalizations were often not understood. SMI-LCI and SMI-LCT differed on two measures: frequency of gestures and frequency of initiations. The majority of children in this sample did not have access to augmentative and alternative communication devices. Conclusion Results of this study highlight the need for parent-mediated interventions for children with CP that emphasize multimodal communication tailored to impairment profiles. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12354704
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Turner, Samantha J., Amy Brown, Marta Arpone, Vicki Anderson, Angela T. Morgan, and Ingrid E. Scheffer. "Dysarthria and broader motor speech deficits in Dravet syndrome." Neurology 88, no. 8 (February 1, 2017): 743–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000003635.
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Objective:To analyze the oral motor, speech, and language phenotype in 20 children and adults with Dravet syndrome (DS) associated with mutations in SCN1A.Methods:Fifteen verbal and 5 minimally verbal DS patients with SCN1A mutations (aged 15 months-28 years) underwent a tailored assessment battery.Results:Speech was characterized by imprecise articulation, abnormal nasal resonance, voice, and pitch, and prosody errors. Half of verbal patients had moderate to severely impaired conversational speech intelligibility. Oral motor impairment, motor planning/programming difficulties, and poor postural control were typical. Nonverbal individuals had intentional communication. Cognitive skills varied markedly, with intellectual functioning ranging from the low average range to severe intellectual disability. Language impairment was congruent with cognition.Conclusions:We describe a distinctive speech, language, and oral motor phenotype in children and adults with DS associated with mutations in SCN1A. Recognizing this phenotype will guide therapeutic intervention in patients with DS.
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Saletta, Meredith, Lisa Goffman, Caitlin Ward, and Jacob Oleson. "Influence of Language Load on Speech Motor Skill in Children With Specific Language Impairment." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 61, no. 3 (March 15, 2018): 675–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2017_jslhr-l-17-0066.
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Purpose Children with specific language impairment (SLI) show particular deficits in the generation of sequenced action: the quintessential procedural task. Practiced imitation of a sequence may become rote and require reduced procedural memory. This study explored whether speech motor deficits in children with SLI occur generally or only in conditions of high linguistic load, whether speech motor deficits diminish with practice, and whether it is beneficial to incorporate conditions of high load to understand speech production. Method Children with SLI and typical development participated in a syntactic priming task during which they generated sentences (high linguistic load) and, then, practiced repeating a sentence (low load) across 3 sessions. We assessed phonetic accuracy, speech movement variability, and duration. Results Children with SLI produced more variable articulatory movements than peers with typical development in the high load condition. The groups converged in the low load condition. Children with SLI continued to show increased articulatory stability over 3 practice sessions. Both groups produced generated sentences with increased duration and variability compared with repeated sentences. Conclusions Linguistic demands influence speech motor production. Children with SLI show reduced speech motor performance in tasks that require language generation but not when task demands are reduced in rote practice.
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Ara, UKM Nazmun, M. Ekhlasur Rahman, Naila Zaman Khan, Md Sk Shahid Ullah, and Md Abdullah Yusuf. "Screening for Neurodevelopmental Impairments among less than 2 Years Old Children in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Dhaka city." Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh 1, no. 2 (April 6, 2017): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jninb.v1i2.29842.
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Background: Neurodevelopmental impairment is an important issue in the context of normal growth of the children.Objective: The purpose of the present study was to find out the magnitude of neurodevelopmental impairments (NDIs) in young children in a tertiary care hospital Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Paediatrics at Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH) from January 2010 to June 2010 for a period of six months. All children with the age of 0 to 2 years irrespective of sex attended at the study place were selected as study population. Children getting developmental therapy, physiotherapy and anticonvulsant or muscle relaxant were excluded from this study. Development Screening Questionnaire (DSQ) was administered to mothers of children from birth to less than two years of age to assess their childs neurodevelopment. Then again neurodevelopmental assessment was done using a validated Rapid Neurodevelopmental Assessment (RNDA) method of evaluations of all children with positive screening results. RNDA was administered to identify the type of impairments and grades of severity. Items are arranged under the developmental parameters like gross motor, fine motor, vision, hearing, speech, cognition, behavior, and seizures for all age groups and for the age 0 to 1 month, additional primitive reflexes are examined along with other parameters.Result: Among 234 cases NDIs positive was found in 20(8.5%) cases. Among 20 children 16 (80%) were affected by cognitive impairment, 12 (60%) of each were affected by gross motor and behavioral impairment; 11 (55%) were affected by fine motor, 10(50%) speech, 8(40%) hearing, 7 (35%) visual impairment and 7 (35%) had seizure disorder.Conclusion: In conclusion NDIs are present in the general population of the Bangladesh with a very significant rate of which cognition is the most frequently involved and affected domain.Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2015;1(2): 57-61
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SOLDATOVA, A., O. REVUTSKA, and T. MALUEVA. "PREVENTION OF WRITTEN LANGUAGE DISORDERS IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY." Scientific papers of Berdiansk State Pedagogical University Series Pedagogical sciences 1, no. 3 (December 7, 2022): 122–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31494/2412-9208-2022-1-3-122-136.
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This study is devoted to the problem of prevention of written language disorders in preschool children with intellectual disability. Based on the synthesis of previous pedagogical studies, it is known that writing, as higher mental function, is considered to be highly complex system, which involves all components of the structural and functional organization of the brain; it is also known that underdevelopment of any of these components leads to difficulties in the formation of writing abilities. It is determined that underdevelopment or impairment of one of the structural components of writing activity, or the mental functions that complement it, leads to the impairment or underdevelopment of writing activity as a whole; it was identified that in children with an intellectual disability, there is a relationship between a low level of formation of cognitive functions and aspects of independent planning, control and evaluation of outcomes of actions. Based on to the results of a pedagogical experiment, we demonstrated that the insufficient formation of motor control and cognitive skills in preschool children with intellectual disability resulted in these children's inclusion in the dysgraphia's «risk group». We justified the importance of prevention of written language disorders in preschool children with intellectual disability through speech therapy with neuropsychological corrections, which is grounded on the intentional formation of motor (general motor and graphomotor) and cognitive skills, which should positively affect the development of mental functions in preschool children with intellectual disability, and enable them to be better prepared for schooling, including successful acquisition of writing skills. Key words: impairment of written speech, retardation of mental development, prevention of impairments, preschool children, speech therapy work, programming, regulation, control, motor functions, cognitive functions.
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Allison, Kristen M. "Measuring Speech Intelligibility in Children With Motor Speech Disorders." Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups 5, no. 4 (August 17, 2020): 809–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_persp-19-00110.
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Purpose Reduced speech intelligibility limits functional communication for many children with motor speech disorders, and improving intelligibility is often a primary goal of intervention. Objective measurement of intelligibility is important for quantifying severity of speech impairment and tracking progress in therapy; however, there is little standardization of methods for measuring speech intelligibility in clinical settings. The purpose of this tutorial is to review different approaches to measuring speech intelligibility in children with motor speech disorders and to discuss the benefits and limitations of using each approach in clinical practice. Method Intelligibility is defined and compared to related constructs. Factors affecting intelligibility of children with motor speech disorders are reviewed. Methods for measuring intelligibility using word identification approaches and scaled ratings are discussed in detail, and their utility in clinical practice is compared. Results Word identification approaches to intelligibility measurement are optimal for tracking progress in therapy but are relatively time consuming. Scaled rating approaches may be adequate in cases where the goal is to obtain an overall measure of severity or for children who are unable to participate in structured testing. Conclusion Different approaches to intelligibility assessment are warranted depending on the clinical goal and characteristics of the child. Speech-language pathologists should consider multiple factors when selecting and interpreting intelligibility measures for their clients.
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DiDonato Brumbach, Andrea C., and Lisa Goffman. "Interaction of Language Processing and Motor Skill in Children With Specific Language Impairment." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 57, no. 1 (February 2014): 158–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2013/12-0215).
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Purpose To examine how language production interacts with speech motor and gross and fine motor skill in children with specific language impairment (SLI). Method Eleven children with SLI and 12 age-matched peers (4–6 years) produced structurally primed sentences containing particles and prepositions. Utterances were analyzed for errors and for articulatory duration and variability. Standard measures of motor, language, and articulation skill were also obtained. Results Sentences containing particles, as compared with prepositions, were less likely to be produced in a priming task and were longer in duration, suggesting increased difficulty with this syntactic structure. Children with SLI demonstrated higher articulatory variability and poorer gross and fine motor skills compared with aged-matched controls. Articulatory variability was correlated with generalized gross and fine motor performance. Conclusions Children with SLI show co-occurring speech motor and generalized motor deficits. Current theories do not fully account for the present findings, though the procedural deficit hypothesis provides a framework for interpreting overlap among language and motor domains.
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Grigos, Maria I. "Speech Sound Disorders: What's Motor Got To Do With It?" Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups 1, no. 1 (March 31, 2016): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/persp1.sig1.75.
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Speech sound disorders (SSDs) are commonly viewed as involving impaired articulation and/or phonological skills. Speech language pathologists working with individuals with (SSDs) assess the articulation of speech sounds and the coordination of articulatory structures with other components of the speech mechanism, including the phonatory, respiratory, and resonatory subsystems. The sound system of the language and the rules that govern how phonemes are combined are equally critical for clinicians to explore. While the terms “articulation” and “phonology” provide clinicians with a framework for classification, children who are broadly identified with (SSDs) may also display characteristics of a motor speech impairment, which can obscure the decision making process with respect to both diagnosis and treatment. One such motor speech disorder is childhood apraxia of speech (CAS). The focus of this paper is to discuss motor speech deficits in children and to review research that aims to distinguish motor speech patterns in children with (SSDs) with and without CAS. We will also address the relationship between emerging speech motor and linguistic skills.
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Zuk, Jennifer, Jenya Iuzzini-Seigel, Kathryn Cabbage, Jordan R. Green, and Tiffany P. Hogan. "Poor Speech Perception Is Not a Core Deficit of Childhood Apraxia of Speech: Preliminary Findings." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 61, no. 3 (March 15, 2018): 583–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2017_jslhr-s-16-0106.
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Purpose Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) is hypothesized to arise from deficits in speech motor planning and programming, but the influence of abnormal speech perception in CAS on these processes is debated. This study examined speech perception abilities among children with CAS with and without language impairment compared to those with language impairment, speech delay, and typically developing peers. Method Speech perception was measured by discrimination of synthesized speech syllable continua that varied in frequency (/dɑ/–/ɡɑ/). Groups were classified by performance on speech and language assessments and compared on syllable discrimination thresholds. Within-group variability was also evaluated. Results Children with CAS without language impairment did not significantly differ in syllable discrimination compared to typically developing peers. In contrast, those with CAS and language impairment showed significantly poorer syllable discrimination abilities compared to children with CAS only and typically developing peers. Children with speech delay and language impairment also showed significantly poorer discrimination abilities, with appreciable within-group variability. Conclusions These findings suggest that speech perception deficits are not a core feature of CAS but rather occur with co-occurring language impairment in a subset of children with CAS. This study establishes the significance of accounting for language ability in children with CAS. Supplemental Materials https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.5848056
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Skodda, S., W. Grönheit, N. Mancinelli, and U. Schlegel. "Progression of Voice and Speech Impairment in the Course of Parkinson's Disease: A Longitudinal Study." Parkinson's Disease 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/389195.
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Impairment of voice and speech occurs in the majority of patients in the course of Parkinson's disease (PD). The aim of the current study was to survey the changes of voice and speech performance in the individual patients over time. 80 patients with PD and 60 healthy speakers were tested and retested after at least 12 months (average time interval: 32.5 months). Participants had to read a given text which was digitally recorded as a source for the perceptual and acoustic analysis. Stage of the disease and global motor impairment were rated according to the accepted scales. As a result, abnormalities of voice and speech were already present in mildly affected patients and there were significant deteriorations of quality of voice and articulatory velocity and precision between baseline and followup examination which showed no correlation with the time interval between the visits. Summarized, voice, and speech performance were found to further deteriorate in the individual patient in the course of time although global motor impairment was widely stable which might be a hint for nondopaminergic mechanisms of progression of dysarthrophonia. Further investigations are warranted to get a better insight into the dynamics of the progression of voice and speech impairment in PD as a precondition for the development of therapeutic approaches.
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Papsin, Blake, and Sharon Cushing. "Cochlear Implants and Children with Vestibular Impairments." Seminars in Hearing 39, no. 03 (July 20, 2018): 305–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1666820.
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AbstractSensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in children occurs in 1 to 3% of live births and acquired hearing loss can additionally occur. This sensory deficit has far reaching consequences that have been shown to extend beyond speech and language development. Thankfully there are many therapeutic options that exist for these children with the aim of decreasing the morbidity of their hearing impairment. Of late, focus has shifted beyond speech and language outcomes to the overall performance of children with SNHL in real-world environments. To account for their residual deficits in such environments, clinicians must understand the extent of their sensory impairments. SNHL commonly coexists with other sensory deficits such as vestibular loss. Vestibular impairment is exceedingly common in children with SNHL with nearly half of children exhibiting vestibular end-organ dysfunction. These deficits naturally lead to impairments in balance and delay in motor milestones. However, this additional sensory deficit likely leads to further impairment in the performance of these children. This article focuses on the following:1. Defining the coexistence of vestibular impairment in children with SNHL and cochlear implants.2. Describing screening methods aimed at identifying vestibular dysfunction in children with SNHL.3. Understanding the functional implications of this dual-sensory impairment.4. Exploring possible rehabilitative strategies to minimize the impact of vestibular impairment in children with SNHL
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Walker, Grant M., Patrick Sarahan Rollo, Nitin Tandon, and Gregory Hickok. "Effect of Bilateral Opercular Syndrome on Speech Perception." Neurobiology of Language 2, no. 3 (2021): 335–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/nol_a_00037.
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Abstract Speech perception ability and structural neuroimaging were investigated in two cases of bilateral opercular syndrome. Due to bilateral ablation of the motor control center for the lower face and surrounds, these rare cases provide an opportunity to evaluate the necessity of cortical motor representations for speech perception, a cornerstone of some neurocomputational theories of language processing. Speech perception, including audiovisual integration (i.e., the McGurk effect), was mostly unaffected in these cases, although verbal short-term memory impairment hindered performance on several tasks that are traditionally used to evaluate speech perception. The results suggest that the role of the cortical motor system in speech perception is context-dependent and supplementary, not inherent or necessary.
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Wolff, Peter H., George F. Michel, and Marsha Ovrut. "The Timing of Syllable Repetitions in Developmental Dyslexia." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 33, no. 2 (June 1990): 281–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3302.281.
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The temporal organization of motor speech was examined in dyslexic dolescents and adults without overt speech difficulties, matched normal readers, and learning disabled adolescents without reading difficulties. Subjects were asked to repeat nonsense two- and three-syllable strings in time to each of four metronome speeds. Speech samples were analyzed for repetition rates, time coherence between prescribed and actual performance, and serial ordering of three-syllable strings. Dyslexic subjects deviated more from the prescribed rate, repeated syllables too slowly at all metronome speeds, and made more speech sequencing errors than normal or learning disabled controls. Repetition rate and syllable sequencing contributed as independent variables to the temporal organization of motor speech. The relevance of motor speech deficits for reading impairment in dyslexia is discussed.
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Square, Paula A., Arnold E. Aronson, and Ellen Hyman. "Case Study of the Redevelopment of Motor Speech Control Following Acquired Brain Damage in Early Childhood." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 3, no. 2 (May 1994): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360.0302.67.
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This article presents retrospective longitudinal perceptual and acoustic analyses of the recovery of motor speech control in a right-handed 5-year-old male in the 46 weeks following acquired brain damage. The primary lesion site involved the left fronto-parietal cortex. Correlative descriptions of some aspects of linguistic recovery up to 29 months post-onset are also presented. A mute period of 8 days followed a 2-day comatose period. Spontaneous undifferentiated central vowel-like utterances emerged at 11 days post-injury. Intelligible purposeful utterances emerged at 26 weeks post-onset with the motor speech impairment resolving almost completely within the first year post-onset. The motor speech deficit following the mute period was more consistent with the diagnosis of apraxia of speech than dysarthria. Further, the seemingly lateralized damage associated with the communication disorder may indicate that lateralized hemispheric control of motor speech occurs in early childhood. Finally, the redevelopment of motor speech abilities indicates that the young child’s brain is able to reestablish parameters of motor control underlying speech following acquired brain damage.
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Albenda Shahvaladli Gadimova, Turan. "Maın condıtıons and stages of development of oral speech ın chıldren wıth hearıng dısorders." SCIENTIFIC WORK 56, no. 07 (August 4, 2020): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/56/81-84.
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In children with hearing impairment, the pronunciation aspect of speech is highly dependent on the degree of hearing impairment. For deaf children, visual perception of words is the first step in learning a language. The study of oral speech is very much based on visual perception, the motor components of speech. In speech training with deaf children, students should be able to consistently pronounce sounds, read aloud, write, and observe. Children should acquire knowledge of grammar by improving their reading and writing skills and clear pronunciation. These are some of the most important conditions for the development of their speech. Key words: Oral speech, pronunciation, grammar, visual perception, mental development
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Barthold, Martina, Anne Jurkutat, Regina Goetz, Lucia Schubring, Juliane Spiegler, Ann-Sophie Fries, Lucia Kiesel, and Joerg Klepper. "Timing of Ketogenic Dietary Therapy (KDT) Introduction and Its Impact on Cognitive Profiles in Children with Glut1-DS—A Preliminary Study." Children 10, no. 4 (April 3, 2023): 681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children10040681.
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The aim of this research was to characterize cognitive abilities in patients with Glut1-Deficiency syndrome (Glut1DS) following ketogenic diet therapy (KDT). Methods: The cognitive profiles of eight children were assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale (WISC-IV). The effect of ketogenic diet therapy (KDT) on individual subareas of intelligence was analyzed considering the potential influence of speech motor impairments. Results: Patients with Glut1DS showed a wide range of cognitive performance levels. Some participants showed statistically and clinically significant discrepancies between individual subdomains of intelligence. Both variables, KDT initiation as well as duration, had a positive effect on the overall IQ score. Significant correlations were partially found between the time of KDT initiation and the level of IQ scores, depending on the presence of expressive language test demands of the respective subtests of the WISC-IV. Accordingly, the participants benefited les in the linguistic cognitive domain. The discrepancies in cognitive performance profiles of patients with Glut1DS can be attributed to the possibility of a negative distortion of the results due to the influence of speech motor impairments. Conclusions: The individual access skills of test persons should be more strongly considered in test procedures for the assessment of intelligence to reduce the negative influence of motor deficits on test performance. Specific characterization and systematization of the speech disorder are indispensable for determining the severity of speech motor impairment in Glut1DS. Therefore, a stronger focus on dysarthria during diagnosis and therapy is necessary.
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Guzeva, V. I., O. N. Bykova, V. V. Guzeva, O. V. Guzeva, V. V. Smirnova, and N. V. Pavlova. "Dynamics of recovery of speech and cognitive impairment in different periods of ischemic stroke." Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 20, no. 3 (December 15, 2018): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma12229.
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The results of the dynamics of speech and other cognitive functions restoration in all periods of ischemic stroke have been established. In the study of speech functions, the motor form of aphasia was more often diagnosed (in 59,1% of cases). In the acute period of ischemic stroke in 80% of cases, speech disorders of severe severity were detected. It was statistically proved that the motor component of speech recovered faster than the touch one. For example, all patients, suffering from sensory aphasia the earlier rehabilitation period ischemic stroke, a volume of understanding speeches sufficiently limited. Parognosia was diagnosed with 50% of patients, in 25% of cases, a violation of phonemic hearing was reviled. At follow-up study there is a positive dynamic in the form of restoration of the impressive component of speech, 75% of patients relatively freely understand human speech. At an in the acute period of ischemic stroke spontaneous speech is changed (lateral and verbal paraphasia is diagnosed in all patients). Polyphasia phenomena had been diagnosed with 50% of patients. Repetitive and dialogue form of speech highly limited. In a late period, polyphasia had been diagnosed with 25% examined. Improvement in the form of a decrease in the number of literal and verbal paraphases was reviled with 75% of patients. 80% of patients were able to dialogue form of speech. In general dynamics of indicators of the degree of speech recovery in women is slightly higher than in men, and does not depend on the age of patients. It was revealed that the most effective speech was restored in the first year after the acute cerebrovascular accident. The restoration of the impressive component of speech was faster in all forms of aphasia. A high level of quality of life was noted in patients with baseline less impaired mobility (an index of Riverbed, Rs=0,68; p=0,01) and less dependent on others (Barthel index, Rs=0,43; p=0,003). Prognostically unfavourable facts for speech restoration include the area of ischemic focus more than 0,8 cm. When assessing cognitive functions in the residual period, 85% of patients were diagnosed with moderate disorders, 15% of patients were diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment. The obtained data substantiate the need to optimize speech therapy assistance in all periods of ischemic stroke.
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Jeong, Pil Yeon, and Hyun Sub Sim. "Analysis of Subgroup Distribution and Discriminant Function Analysis in Children with Cerebral Palsy Based on Speech Language Profile Group." Communication Sciences & Disorders 26, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 447–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.12963/csd.21810.
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Objectives: This study aimed to identify the subgroups distribution of children with cerebral palsy (CP) by using Speech, Language Profile Group (SLPG), and examine discriminant factors that differentiate subgroups.Methods: Eighty-seven children aged 4-16 years with CP participated in the study (spastic 67, dyskinetic 4, ataxic 3, mixed 13). Data was collected from a speech production task (sustained vowel /a/, Assessment of Articulation and Phonology for Children, sentence repetition), language test (receptive vocabulary), and PIQ test (K-WISC-III, K-WIPPSI). Independent variables were maximum phonation time (MPT), intensity, speech rate, intelligibility, receptive vocabulary score, and cognition ability. For the analysis, children with CP were classified into six speech language profile groups; NSMILCT (no clinical speech motor involvement and age appropriate language, cognition abilities), NSMI-LCI (no clinical speech motor involvement and impaired language, cognition abilities), SMI-LCT (speech motor impairment and age appropriate language, cognition abilities), SMI-LCI (speech motor impairment and impaired language, cognition abilities), ANAR-LCT (anarthria and age appropriate language, cognition abilities), and ANAR-LCI (anarthria and impaired language, cognition abilities).Results: Descriptive study showed that of all children with CP, the proportion of NSMI-LCT was 11.5%, NSMI-LCI was 8.0%, SMI-LCT was 12.6%, SMI-LCI was 19.5%, ANAR-LCT was 11.5%, and ANAR-LCI was 36.8%. Very strong relationships were noted between SLPG and CFCS, and moderate relationships were noted between SLPG and GMFCS. Canonical discriminant function analysis revealed that the speech intelligibility variable accounted for 85.1%, the speech rate variable was 9.7%, and the language variable was 5.2%.Conclusion: This study suggested that the SLPG classification system helps us to stratify the subgroups for understanding speech, language features in children with CP.
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Hadžihasanović, Ivana, Merima Čaušević, and Indira Mahmutović. "Effects of music-rhythmic stimulation program on certain motor abilities of children with hearing impairment." Školski vjesnik 71, no. 1 (2022): 111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.38003/sv.71.1.9.
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Certain research on the development of motor skills of children with hearing impairment shows that their abilities are not age-appropriate, although they have the same basis for development as hearing children. Education of children with hearing impairments is predominantly focused on hearing and speech rehabilitation, while activities related to music and sports are mostly neglected. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of musical-rhythmic stimulation on the development of selected motor skills of children with hearing impairment aged six to fifteen. For this purpose, a special music and dance program of workshops for 26 children with hearing impairments (12 boys and 14 girls) was created for the period of four and a half months. At the beginning of the program implementation, the initial measurement of body coordination and speed of movement was performed, and the final measurement through five standardized tests at the end. The paired samples t-test was used to analyze the effects of applied musical-rhythmic and dance stimulations. The results of the research indicated certain statistically significant differences in the ability to coordinate the body and speed of movement, i.e. that the program of music and dance workshops has a positive effect on the development of selected motor skills in children with hearing impairment.
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Shaba, Mutinta, Micah Mutuna Simpamba, Hastings Shula, and Brian Chanda Chiluba. "Caregiver Experiences: Caring for a Child with Cerebral Palsy Presenting with Speech Impairment at the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia." Journal of Preventive and Rehabilitative Medicine 2, no. 1 (November 24, 2020): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21617/jprm2020.214.
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Background: Many children with cerebral palsy present with disturbances in sensory, cognitive and motor development which subsequently affect the child’s speech, language and communication development. Caregivers taking care of such children are heavily burdened andif not addressed such cumulative burden may in turn have influence on the quality of care for children with cerebral palsy.weset out to explore the experiences of caregivers ofchildren with cerebral palsy who present with speech impairments and to identify which strategies they use to communicate with their children. Methods: A qualitative phenomenological study was used. Data was collected using in-depth interviews from a purposively selected sample of 8 caregivers of children with cerebral palsy presenting with speech impairment at the University Teaching Hospitalin Lusaka, Zambia. Results:Three themes emerged from the data on caregivers’ experiences caring for a child with speech impairments and one theme from data on communication strategies used by caregivers. The themes on caregiver experiences included impact of speech deficit; beliefs about speech impairment; and Lack of knowledge. The theme on communication strategies had three sub-themes namely understanding through the gaze; a different kind of sound; and trial and error.Conclusion: This study has revealed that caregiver beliefs, lack of knowledge on availability of speech therapy and special education make it difficult for them to understand speech problems experienced by their children. Furthermore, the study also showed that caregivers devise their own strategies of communicating with their children despite the absence of speech and language therapy services. Keywords:Stress level, academic concerns, sources of stress, academic stress, stressor
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Mamedova, Elena, Marina Skuratovskaya, and Natalia Grash. "Features of teaching students with motor skills disorder caused by hearing loss." E3S Web of Conferences 273 (2021): 12092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127312092.
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This study analyses various disorders of general motor skills, voluntary finger movement, and articulatory motor skills of school-aged children with hearing loss. The analyzed disorders of the motor sphere of schoolchildren with auditory deprivation are not of a pronounced character but are one of the reasons for their lag in psychophysiological and speech development. The results of studies that reveal specific motor difficulties of deaf primary schoolchildren are considered. The role of dysfunction of the vestibular system in movement disorders in children with hearing impairment has been determined. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of the complex possibilities of correctional and developmental work of educational institutions for deaf children to overcome motor development disorders of deaf primary schoolchildren. The role of complex correctional and developmental work at the initial stage of school training in educational institutions for deaf children has been determined. The possibilities of using computer technologies as an effective resource in the motor and speech development of young schoolchildren with hearing impairment are shown.
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Mei, Cristina, Sheena Reilly, Dinah Reddihough, Fiona Mensah, and Angela Morgan. "Motor speech impairment, activity, and participation in children with cerebral palsy." International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 16, no. 4 (June 9, 2014): 427–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17549507.2014.917439.
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Knežević, Dora. "Motor abilities of children with childhood apraxia of speech." Hrvatska revija za rehabilitacijska istraživanja 58, no. 2 (December 22, 2022): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.31299/hrri.58.2.5.
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Previous studies on fine and gross motor skills of children with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) have reported inconclusive results. In this study, we investigate the motor abilities of children with CAS by focusing on three distinct motor factors: control during movement, fine motor skills/handwriting, and general coordination. Participants included 25 children with CAS and 20 age-matched typically developing (TD) children between the ages of 5 and 7 years. Motor abilities were evaluated using a parent questionnaire - the Croatian version of The Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ-HR). Compared to age-matched TD children, those with CAS showed significantly poorer overall motor ability based on the DCDQ-HR, as well as on all three motor factors: control during movement, fine motor skills/handwriting, and general coordination. Even though their results were worse than TD children, they were still within the range that indicates normal motor abilities. Among the three motor factors considered, children with CAS exhibited significant problems with fine motor skills/handwriting. Children with CAS may not be categorised as children with motor deficits, but they exhibit poor overall motor abilities, especially fine motor skills, compared to TD children. This study supports the premise that co-occurring language impairment is an important variable to consider when discussing motor abilities in CAS.
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Cordella, Claire, Megan Quimby, Alexandra Touroutoglou, Michael Brickhouse, Bradford C. Dickerson, and Jordan R. Green. "Quantification of motor speech impairment and its anatomic basis in primary progressive aphasia." Neurology 92, no. 17 (April 3, 2019): e1992-e2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000007367.
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ObjectiveTo evaluate whether a quantitative speech measure is effective in identifying and monitoring motor speech impairment (MSI) in patients with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) and to investigate the neuroanatomical basis of MSI in PPA.MethodsSixty-four patients with PPA were evaluated at baseline, with a subset (n = 39) evaluated longitudinally. Articulation rate (AR), a quantitative measure derived from spontaneous speech, was measured at each time point. MRI was collected at baseline. Differences in baseline AR were assessed across PPA subtypes, separated by severity level. Linear mixed-effects models were conducted to assess groups differences across PPA subtypes in rate of decline in AR over a 1-year period. Cortical thickness measured from baseline MRIs was used to test hypotheses about the relationship between cortical atrophy and MSI.ResultsBaseline AR was reduced for patients with nonfluent variant PPA (nfvPPA) compared to other PPA subtypes and controls, even in mild stages of disease. Longitudinal results showed a greater rate of decline in AR for the nfvPPA group over 1 year compared to the logopenic and semantic variant subgroups. Reduced baseline AR was associated with cortical atrophy in left-hemisphere premotor and supplementary motor cortices.ConclusionsThe AR measure is an effective quantitative index of MSI that detects MSI in mild disease stages and tracks decline in MSI longitudinally. The AR measure also demonstrates anatomic localization to motor speech–specific cortical regions. Our findings suggest that this quantitative measure of MSI might have utility in diagnostic evaluation and monitoring of MSI in PPA.
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Bruderer, Alison G., D. Kyle Danielson, Padmapriya Kandhadai, and Janet F. Werker. "Sensorimotor influences on speech perception in infancy." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 44 (October 12, 2015): 13531–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1508631112.
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The influence of speech production on speech perception is well established in adults. However, because adults have a long history of both perceiving and producing speech, the extent to which the perception–production linkage is due to experience is unknown. We addressed this issue by asking whether articulatory configurations can influence infants’ speech perception performance. To eliminate influences from specific linguistic experience, we studied preverbal, 6-mo-old infants and tested the discrimination of a nonnative, and hence never-before-experienced, speech sound distinction. In three experimental studies, we used teething toys to control the position and movement of the tongue tip while the infants listened to the speech sounds. Using ultrasound imaging technology, we verified that the teething toys consistently and effectively constrained the movement and positioning of infants’ tongues. With a looking-time procedure, we found that temporarily restraining infants’ articulators impeded their discrimination of a nonnative consonant contrast but only when the relevant articulator was selectively restrained to prevent the movements associated with producing those sounds. Our results provide striking evidence that even before infants speak their first words and without specific listening experience, sensorimotor information from the articulators influences speech perception. These results transform theories of speech perception by suggesting that even at the initial stages of development, oral–motor movements influence speech sound discrimination. Moreover, an experimentally induced “impairment” in articulator movement can compromise speech perception performance, raising the question of whether long-term oral–motor impairments may impact perceptual development.
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Bouvier, Liziane, Laura Monetta, Paolo Vitali, Robert Laforce, and Vincent Martel-Sauvageau. "A Preliminary Look Into the Clinical Evolution of Motor Speech Characteristics in Primary Progressive Apraxia of Speech in Québec French." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 30, no. 3S (June 18, 2021): 1459–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_ajslp-20-00162.
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Purpose This study aimed to track changes in acoustical and perceptual features of motor speech in patients with phonetic and prosodic primary progressive apraxia of speech (PPAOS) in Québec French over an 18-month period. Method A prospective multiple-case series with multiple testing periods, including four participants with a diagnosis of PPAOS, was conducted. Participants were 0.5–4 years postonset of disease at baseline. They underwent comprehensive motor speech and language assessments and cognitive screening every 6 months for up to 18 months. Acoustical and perceptual analyses of motor speech were conducted. Results Results showed a considerable impairment in motor speech abilities for patients with PPAOS at all time points and a significant decrease in performance for almost all articulatory and prosodic measures over time. Passage reading and diadochokinesis seemed particularly promising for the tracking of changes in PPAOS motor speech characteristics and PPAOS classification. Quantifying length of speech runs made it possible to distinguish phonetic from prosodic PPAOS. Finally, the patients who evolved to phonetic PPAOS developed aphasia, and the two with prosodic PPAOS showed greater motor symptoms such as unequivocal dysarthria. Conclusion This study extends the growing literature on PPAOS and its subtypes by describing specific changes in articulatory and prosodic abilities over a period of at least 6 months, which are important for the diagnosis and management of PPAOS.
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Soriano, Jennifer U., Abby Olivieri, and Katherine C. Hustad. "Utility of the Intelligibility in Context Scale for Predicting Speech Intelligibility of Children with Cerebral Palsy." Brain Sciences 11, no. 11 (November 20, 2021): 1540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11111540.
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The Intelligibility in Context Scale (ICS) is a widely used, efficient tool for describing a child’s speech intelligibility. Few studies have explored the relationship between ICS scores and transcription intelligibility scores, which are the gold standard for clinical measurement. This study examined how well ICS composite scores predicted transcription intelligibility scores among children with cerebral palsy (CP), how well individual questions from the ICS differentially predicted transcription intelligibility scores, and how well the ICS composite scores differentiated between children with and without speech motor impairment. Parents of 48 children with CP, who were approximately 13 years of age, completed the ICS. Ninety-six adult naïve listeners provided orthographic transcriptions of children’s speech. Transcription intelligibility scores were regressed on ICS composite scores and individual item scores. Dysarthria status was regressed on ICS composite scores. Results indicated that ICS composite scores were moderately strong predictors of transcription intelligibility scores. One individual ICS item differentially predicted transcription intelligibility scores, and dysarthria severity influenced how well ICS composite scores differentiated between children with and without speech motor impairment. Findings suggest that the ICS has potential clinical utility for children with CP, especially when used with other objective measures of speech intelligibility.
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Sunday-Kanu, Rita Adaobi. "An African Sense of Folk Music as Essential Tool for Rehabilitation of Speech and Language Impairment in Children." International Journal of Current Research in the Humanities 26, no. 1 (February 25, 2023): 305–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijcrh.v26i1.18.
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Speech and language impairment can be seen in both adults and children but, statistics have shown that speech and language impairments are more common among children. These impairments are initially noticeable between the ages of one to five or basically, preschool age. While it is true that some cases of speech and language impairment in children are clinically dependent, some others can be resolved without drugs. Systematic application of psycho, motor and emotional activities has in some cases proven to be remedial to speech and language impairment. Music is one of the human activities that possesses the power to permeate into psychics, and emotions and influence attitudinal or behavioural changes in human beings. The administration of appropriate music and musical activities to a client with some health challenges has resulted in the restoration of mental, emotional, social and physical well-being. This study, therefore, examines the potential of Nigerian folk music in enhancing both the development and treatment of speech and language fluency in children. The focus is on the role of children’s folk music; particularly, songs attached to folktales, play songs and dance in the correction of speech and language difficulties in children. Data for this study were gathered via interviews, participants, observational methods and a review of archival materials. The study suggests that children’s engagement in folk music; folktales playing songs and dance has proven to be a substitute or alternative to drugs for the rehabilitation of some children with a speech-language disorder. It was observed that the therapeutic power of folk music for children goes beyond speech and language treatment. Rather, it enhances mental, emotional, and physical stability and general well-being. The study recommends creating awareness in Nigerian communities to understand the therapeutic benefits of engaging children in folksongs activities even in this digital age. Trained music therapists and researchers are encouraged to pay attention to these cultural practices and the constructive curative powers inculcated in the traditional children’s playground and songs involved, to harness health benefits therein for humanity.
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Dogil, Grzegorz, and Jörg Mayer. "Selective phonological impairment: a case of apraxia of speech." Phonology 15, no. 2 (December 1998): 143–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095267579800356x.
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The present study proposes a new interpretation of the underlying distortion in APRAXIA OF SPEECH. Apraxia of speech, in its pure form, is the only neurolinguistic syndrome for which it can be argued that phonological structure is selectively distorted.Apraxia of speech is a nosological entity in its own right which co-occurs with aphasia only occasionally. This…conviction rests on detailed descriptions of patients who have a severe and lasting disorder of speech production in the absence of any significant impairment of speech comprehension, reading or writing as well as of any significant paralysis or weakness of the speech musculature.(Lebrun 1990: 380)Based on the experimental investigation of poorly coarticulated speech of patients from two divergent languages (German and Xhosa) it is argued that apraxia of speech has to be seen as a defective implementation of phonological representations at the phonology–phonetics interface. We contend that phonological structure exhibits neither a homogeneously auditory pattern nor a motor pattern, but a complex encoding of sequences of speech sounds. Specifically, it is maintained that speech is encoded in the brain as a sequence of distinctive feature configurations. These configurations are specified with differing degrees of detail depending on the role the speech segments they underlie play in the phonological structure of a language. The transfer between phonological and phonetic representation encodes speech sounds as a sequence of vocal tract configurations. Like the distinctive feature representation, these configurations may be more or less specified. We argue that the severe and lasting disorders in speech production observed in apraxia of speech are caused by the distortion of this transfer between phonological and phonetic representation. The characteristic production deficits of apraxic patients are explained in terms of overspecification of phonetic representations.
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Vuolo, Janet, and Lisa Goffman. "Language Skill Mediates the Relationship Between Language Load and Articulatory Variability in Children With Language and Speech Sound Disorders." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 61, no. 12 (December 10, 2018): 3010–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_jslhr-l-18-0055.
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Purpose The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between language load and articulatory variability in children with language and speech sound disorders, including childhood apraxia of speech. Method Forty-six children, ages 48–92 months, participated in the current study, including children with speech sound disorder, developmental language disorder (aka specific language impairment), childhood apraxia of speech, and typical development. Children imitated (low language load task) then retrieved (high language load task) agent + action phrases. Articulatory variability was quantified using speech kinematics. We assessed language status and speech status (typical vs. impaired) in relation to articulatory variability. Results All children showed increased articulatory variability in the retrieval task compared with the imitation task. However, only children with language impairment showed a disproportionate increase in articulatory variability in the retrieval task relative to peers with typical language skills. Conclusion Higher-level language processes affect lower-level speech motor control processes, and this relationship appears to be more strongly mediated by language than speech skill.