Journal articles on the topic 'Speculative co-design'
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Tran, Kim-Anh, Alexandra Jimborean, Trevor E. Carlson, Konstantinos Koukos, Magnus Själander, and Stefanos Kaxiras. "SWOOP: software-hardware co-design for non-speculative, execute-ahead, in-order cores." ACM SIGPLAN Notices 53, no. 4 (December 2, 2018): 328–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3296979.3192393.
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Rüller, Sarah, Konstantin Aal, Peter Tolmie, Andrea Hartmann, Markus Rohde, and Volker Wulf. "Speculative Design as a Collaborative Practice: Ameliorating the Consequences of Illiteracy through Digital Touch." ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction 29, no. 3 (June 30, 2022): 1–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3487917.
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This article and the design fictions it presents are bound up with an ongoing qualitative-ethnographic study with Imazighen, the native people in remote Morocco. This group of people is marked by textual and digital illiteracy. We are in the process of developing multi-modal design fictions that can be used in workshops as a starting point for the co-development of further design fictions that envision the local population's desired digital futures. The design fictions take the form of storyboards, allowing for a non-textual engagement. The current content seeks to explore challenges, potentials, margins, and limitations for the future design of haptic and touch-sensitive technology as a means for interpersonal communication and information procurement. Design fictions provide a way of exposing the locals to possible digital futures so that they can actively engage with them and explore the bounds and confines of their literacy and the extent to which it matters.
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Altarriba Bertran, Ferran, Alexandra Pometko, Muskan Gupta, Lauren Wilcox, Reeta Banerjee, and Katherine Isbister. "The Playful Potential of Shared Mealtime." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 5, CHI PLAY (October 5, 2021): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3474694.
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In this paper, we present an annotated portfolio of speculative ideas that emerged from a co-design process where we investigated the playful potential of day-to-day mealtime. Our portfolio illustrates the learnings from our participatory engagements: it embodies ours and our participants' ideas of how technology might support increasingly playful and socio-emotionally rich experiences around food. We contribute: (1) a list of play potentials of mealtime-i.e. people's existing playful practices with food-that will point designers towards socio-emotionally desirable play-food experiences; (2) a portfolio of speculative design ideas that illustrate how mealtime technology could help to realize that playful potential; and (3) a discussion of our participants' experiences with and responses to lo-fi prototypes of our ideas. Our work will provoke designers to carefully consider the impact of food-tech innovation on the quality of people's social eating experiences and inspire them to cultivate forms of food-play that are socio-emotionally rich.?
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Spektor, Franchesca, and Sarah Fox. "The ‘Working Body’: Interrogating and Reimagining the Productivist Impulses of Transhumanism through Crip-Centered Speculative Design." Somatechnics 10, no. 3 (December 2020): 327–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/soma.2020.0326.
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Appeals to ‘nature’ have historically led to normative claims about who is rendered valuable. These understandings elevate a universal, working body (read able-bodied, white, producing capital) that design and disability studies scholar Aimi Hamraie argues ‘has served as a template […] for centuries’ (2017: 20), becoming reified through our architectural, political, and technological infrastructures. Using the framing of the cyborg, we explore how contemporary assistive technologies have the potential to both reproduce and trouble such normative claims. The modern transhumanism movement imagines cyborg bodies as self-contained and invincible, championing assistive technologies that seek to assimilate disabled people towards ever-increasing standards of independent productivity and connecting worth with the body's capacity for labor. In contrast, disability justice communities see all bodies as inherently worthy and situated within a network of care-relationships. Rather than being invincible, the cripborg's relationship with technology is complicated by the ever-present functional and financial constraints of their assistive devices. Despite these lived experiences, the expertise and agency of disabled activist communities is rarely engaged throughout the design process. In this article, we use speculative design techniques to reimagine assistive technologies with members of disability communities, resulting in three fictional design proposals. The first is a manual for a malfunctioning exoskeleton, meant to fill in the gaps where corporate planned obsolescence and black-boxed design delimit repair and maintenance. The second is a zine instructing readers on how to build their own intimate prosthetics, emphasizing the need to design for pleasurable, embodied, and affective experience. The final design proposal is a city-owned fleet of assistive robots meant to push people in manual wheelchairs up hills or carry loads for elderly people, an example of an environmental adaptation which explores the problems of automating care. With and through these design concepts, we begin to explore assistive devices that center the values of disability communities, using design proposals to co-imagine versions of a more crip-centered future.
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Goffe, Tao Leigh, Shannon Gleeson, Atif Khan, Austin Kocher, Christin Washington, Judith Salcido, Rewa Phansalkar, et al. "The World We Became: Map Quest 2350, A Speculative Atlas Beyond Climate Crisis." Asian Diasporic Visual Cultures and the Americas 7, no. 1-2 (December 7, 2022): 5–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23523085-07010002.
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Abstract Tackling how racial justice and climate crisis are entangled, this essay introduces a speculative cartography experiment entitled The World We Became: Map Quest 2350. A collaboration between a collective of artists, poets, academics, curators, architects, and activists, this digital humanities project maps global ecological crises and shared Black, Asian, Pacific, Middle Eastern, Latin American, Caribbean, and Indigenous futures. Intentionally produced in a multimedia format, the born-digital speculative design experiment features visual and audio components presenting a planetary vision of the year 2350 as an underwater future in ruins. The atlas connects five transnational imaginaries that rescript the geographic boundaries of what we currently understand to be South Asia, the South Pacific, the Middle East, North America, Latin America, and the Caribbean. Situating nation-state borders as recent constructs, in this creative exercise the natural environment becomes a model for imagining interspecies relationality and co-presence. Mangroves and atolls form portals to speculative futures of non-human existence beyond the climate crisis and the impact of racial extractive capitalism. Anchored in five locales, the collective text brings together a global vision of survivance addressing migration, dispossession, Asian diaspora, Native sovereignty, Black fugitivity, and broader questions of global indigeneity. With life emerging from the ruins, this atlas forms a digital blueprint of suboceanic futures and the practice of interrogating what justice could mean in the far future.
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Bahrudin, Fadzli Irwan, Liew Yong Kian, and Zati Hazira Ismail. "The Development of Bacterial Cellulose Biomaterials Using the Material Design-Driven Approach for Packaging Industry." Idealogy Journal 7, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 41–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/idealogy.v7i1.323.
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Alternative renewable materials are a possible solution to the rapid depletion of non-renewable resources. Within the renewable materials category, living organisms have been utilised in sustainable material projects. Although the projects are currently speculative, the possibility of utilising living organisms offers an appealing sustainability advantage for product design. Notably, their ability to 'self-build' enables them to become the co-maker of the output materials or products effectively. One of the promising lab-grown materials developed and utilised in product design is bacterial cellulose. Many researchers and designers have focused on improving the cultivation process and the feasibility of the materials for targeted product applications. However, much research is still needed to fill the void of knowledge in developing biomaterials for product design. This paper presents an early development of novel bacterial cellulose biomaterials and their applications using the Material Design Driven (MDD) framework. In this research, three bacterial cellulose biomaterials with unique experiential qualities have been produced through the approach. Notably, the research highlights the innovative potential of bacterial cellulose as a packaging material by incorporating plant fibres as the reinforcement agent and imprinting artificial texture on the material surface.
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Balık, Lökçe. "Authorship and language in contemporary architects' books." SAJ - Serbian Architectural Journal 11, no. 3 (2019): 519–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/saj1903519b.
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This paper examines theoretical, graphical, and material dimensions of the contemporary print culture of architecture with a focus on one work from a variety of European practices. It regards the contemporary architect's book as a speculative and discursive design object. Michel Foucault, particularly in his works, What is an Author? (1969) and The Archaeology of Knowledge (1972), criticises that while constructing an author's body of works, alternative and unclassified genres are omitted from the domain and the texts attached to the single name belong to a system of homogeneity, filiation, and reciprocal explanation. Yet the contemporary architect's book expands the borders of genres by comprising unconventional materials, such as musical notes, artistic photographs, paintings, technical and scientific diagrams, official reports, building regulations, newspaper articles, and advertisements, as well as combining texts and photographs from co-workers, partners, clients, and users, rather than emerging as the product of a single author. The paper interprets the use of various forms of graphical narration and the coalescence of novel terminology and jargon as a contribution to the power of language and discursive formation.
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P. Miles, Morgan, Geralyn McClure Franklin, Kirk Heriot, Linda Hadley, and Mary Hazeldine. "AACSB International’s 2013 accreditation standards." Journal of International Education in Business 7, no. 2 (October 28, 2014): 86–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jieb-12-2013-0047.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to consider the implications of the 2013 Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) Accreditation Standards for both business faculty and their deans who are responsible for implementing these changes. Design/methodology/approach – This paper is a speculative viewpoint on the implications of the 2013 AACSB standards by a set of a co-authors that include AACSB deans who are active in accreditation reviews and serve as mentors to schools in the accreditation process and senior faculty who have written self-studies for AACSB and served as consultants for schools seeking AACSB accreditation internationally. Findings – The implications of the 2013 AACSB business accreditation standards are arguably positive for active scholars holding a relevant doctoral degree. For example, active and engaged scholarly faculty should appreciate the ability to use additional indicators of the impact of their career’s intellectual contributions (IC) including, but not limited to, citations, editor ships, professional leadership positions and other measures of professional esteem. Research limitations/implications – The implications of the 2013 AACSB accreditation standards for deans are potentially less positive. The new standards codify one of the deans’ major duties – that of ensuring that the faculty have resources adequate to support the school’s mission. Originality/value – This paper represents a starting point for understanding the implications of the 2013 AACSB accreditation standards, and that as the standards are operationalized over the subsequent years that these standards, like the previous changes in AACSB standards, will stimulate additional research on business school accreditation. The implications for both faculty and deans are speculative, but are grounded both by the literature and experience of the authors. The paper uses a set of tables to illustrate the impact of the new AACSB standards with examples for each guiding principle and standard.
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Kuijer, Lenneke. "Democratising and Anticipating Everyday Futures Through Critical Design: A Review of Exemplars." Temes de Disseny, no. 36 (October 1, 2020): 150–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.46467/tdd36.2020.150-177.
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This article explores design’s relation with the future by analysing a collection of exemplars from design fiction and speculative design for their potential to democratise and anticipate visions of future everyday life in design. Future visions – both implicit and explicit ones – have a realising power of their own. This is especially true for design, the products of which co-shape the lives of millions of users. Rather than calling for a “better” future vision however, this paper draws on research from the social sciences and futures studies to argue for the importance of diversifying and enriching visions of future everyday life within design. Critical design is well equipped to contribute to this objective because it questions the status quo and is relatable and actionable for designers. The paper reviews exemplars from critical design for their potential to democratise and anticipate future everyday life.
To analyse their ways of engaging with future everyday life, the exemplars are positioned in the future cone model of probable, possible and preferred futures. Through this positioning, a distinction emerged between two forms of critical future engagement: alternative fictions and extrapolative fictions. Alternative fictions are explicitly positioned outside of generally expected futures, while extrapolative fictions are explicitly positioned within them. Both have their own strengths and limitations for democratising and anticipating future everyday life.
Alternative fictions enrol actors as “future people” and create scenes to depict future contexts, but can also include deployments in present day contexts to explore alternative human-artefact relations. Alternative fictions tend to be accompanied by alternative design practices. Extrapolative fictions do not include deployments and rarely propose alternative design practices, but they can play an important role in highlighting the underexposed risks of mainstream design pursuits.
Critical design can and should play a role in democratising and anticipating future everyday life. Alternative and extrapolative fictions can complement each other in this pursuit. Extrapolative fictions question the status quo from within and use the power of design to highlight underexposed aspects of expected futures. Alternative fictions question the status quo from without and use the power of design to creatively generate different objects that can be used to flesh out alternative ways of living and their related context. Further research is needed into how critical fictions are best integrated into mainstream design practices.
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Marathe, Megh. "Seizure aesthetics: Temporal regimes and medical technology in epilepsy diagnosis." Time & Society 29, no. 2 (March 13, 2020): 420–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961463x20908079.
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Epilepsy is a neurological condition defined by time; it is characterized by a lifelong tendency for recurrent, unpredictable, and unprovoked seizures, during which people lose control over parts of body-mind function. Diagnosing seizures involves using electroencephalograms to represent and classify brain waves in relation to clock time. Drawing upon ethnographic fieldwork in a North American teaching hospital, this paper shows that as neurologists learn to diagnose seizures, they internalize clock time norms for normal and abnormal brain waves. The paper demonstrates how these temporal norms work to assign a set of aesthetics to brain waves: patterns that conform to clock-time norms are beautiful, whereas hard-to-classify patterns are ugly. These aesthetic judgments follow diagnostically complex patients in future hospital visits, who become known, for instance, as “the patient with the ugly EEG.” The paper critiques this ascription of labels to patients and situates the role of the electroencephalogram's clock time in this predicament. It concludes with a speculative design project that reorients the relationship between temporality and embodiment by using the heartbeat as a situated and co-produced alternative to the standardized and invariant clock. Ultimately, the paper argues that the aesthetics of medical technology are fundamental to clinical care, thereby opening up new directions for research at the intersection of critical time studies and disability studies.
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Fieberg, Christian, Richard Lennart Mertens, and Thorsten Poddig. "The relevance of credit ratings over the business cycle." Journal of Risk Finance 17, no. 2 (March 21, 2016): 152–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrf-08-2015-0079.
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Purpose Credit market models and the microstructure theory of the ratings market suggest that information provided by credit rating agencies becomes more relevant in recessions when agency costs are high and less relevant in expansions when agency costs are low. The purpose of this paper is to empirically test these hypotheses with regard to equity markets. Design/methodology/approach The authors use business cycle identification algorithms to map rating events (credit rating changes and watchlist inclusions) to business cycle phases and apply the event study methodology. The results are backed by cross-sectional regressions using a variety of control variables. Findings The authors find that the relevance of information provided by credit rating agencies for equity prices heavily depends on the level of agency costs. Furthermore, the authors detect a “flight-to-quality” during recessions in the speculative grade segment and a weakened relevance of rating events in expansions in the investment grade segment. Originality/value This paper is the first to empirically analyse how equity investors perceive credit rating changes and watchlist inclusions over the business cycle. In the empirical analysis, the authors use a large sample of about 25,000 rating events in all Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development markets. The presented results underline that credit ratings address the agency problem in financial markets and can thus be regarded as useful for risk management or regulation.
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Tham, Aaron, and Marianna Sigala. "Road block(chain): bit(coin)s for tourism sustainable development goals?" Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology 11, no. 2 (January 13, 2020): 203–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhtt-05-2019-0069.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss the disrupting usage and impacts of blockchains and cryptocurrencies and advocate their role as enablers of sustainable tourism development goals. Design/methodology/approach Literature on blockchains and cryptocurrencies is critically synthesized, debated and expanded to identify and discuss their implications toward sustainable tourism futures. Findings As a distributive digital ledger, blockchains have the potential to create a more inclusive tourism future to address debates around tourism as a vehicle for sustainable development that alludes to value accruing to only certain providers and consumers. Blockchains and their cryptocurrencies (as a financial transaction capability) elevate trust and relational capabilities in an expedited and holistic manner, democratize participation in economic systems and re-distribute power and economic relations amongst actors by influencing the way data (the currency of the digital economy and the lifeblood of tourism) is collected, stored, exchange, owned and traded for co-creating value. Research limitations/implications The paper is conceptual and speculative by identifying ways in which blockchain and cryptocurrencies can support sustainable tourism development goals. Directions for future research are provided for further elaborating and collecting primary evidence on whether the premise and applications of these technologies can deliver the acclaimed sustainable impacts. Originality/value The paper contributes to the emerging but controversial literature about the trajectories between technology and sustainability by critically debating on how blockchains, through cryptocurrency economies, can be positioned to facilitate sustainable tourism futures.
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Hirsch, Peter Buell. "The robot in the window seat." Journal of Business Strategy 38, no. 4 (July 17, 2017): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbs-04-2017-0050.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to point to some emerging workplace issues relating to the increasing collaboration between human and robot workers. As the number of human workers shrinks and that of robots increases, how will this change the dynamics of the workplace and human worker motivation? Design/methodology/approach The approach of this paper is to examine recent academic, business and media writings on the subject of artificial intelligence and robotics in the workplace to identify gaps in our understanding of the new hybrid work environment. Findings What the author has found is that although there are numerous voices expressing concerns about the replacement of human workers by robots, there has not as yet been a substantive study of the impact on human workers of sharing their work life with robots in this environment. Research limitations/implications The findings in this paper are limited by the fact that they are drawn from a review of the secondary literature rather than from primary research and are therefore speculative and anecdotal. Practical implications The practical implications of the findings are to suggest that it is time to establish a systematic and standardized method for analyzing and measuring the impact on human workers of operating in an environment increasingly populated by automated co-workers. Social implications The author suspects that the social implications will be to suggest that as a human society we will need to establish psychologically and culturally valid means for coping with this new work environment, and the author believes some of the findings may well prove counter intuitive within the social context of work. Originality/value The author does not believe there is any substantial work addressing the social, psychological or cultural implications of humans working besides robots on a daily basis.
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Lupon, Marc, Enric Gibert, Grigorios Magklis, Sridhar Samudrala, Raúl Martínez, Kyriakos Stavrou, and David R. Ditzel. "Speculative hardware/software co-designed floating-point multiply-add fusion." ACM SIGPLAN Notices 49, no. 4 (April 5, 2014): 623–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2644865.2541978.
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Doyle, Shelby, and Nick Senske. "Digital provenance and material metadata: Attribution and co-authorship in the age of artificial intelligence." International Journal of Architectural Computing 16, no. 4 (November 28, 2018): 271–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1478077118800887.
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This speculative essay examines a single drawing, produced in a collaboration between the authors and a Turtle robot, in a search for methods to evaluate and document provenance in artificial intelligence and robotic design. Reflecting upon the layers of authorship in our case study reveals the complex relationship that already exists between human and machine collaborators. In response to this unseen provenance, we propose new modes to document the full range of creative contribution to the design and production of artifacts from intellectual inputs to digital representations to physical labor. A more comprehensive system for artificial intelligence/robotic attribution could produce counter-narratives to technological development which more fully acknowledge the contributions of both humans and machines. As artificially intelligent design technologies distinguish themselves with distinct capabilities and eventual autonomy, a system of embedded attribution becomes the basis for human–machine collaboration, indeterminacy, and unexpected new applications for existing tools and methods.
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Fielding, Rob, and Siu King Chung. "The Paradox of Aims in Chinese Art and Design Education: Speculation on Co‐operation in Hong Kong, Post 1997." Journal of Art & Design Education 17, no. 3 (October 1998): 315–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-5949.00141.
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Hung, Ngo Thai. "Co-movements between Bitcoin and other asset classes in India." Journal of Indian Business Research 13, no. 2 (February 9, 2021): 270–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jibr-03-2020-0071.
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Purpose This study aims to analyze the dynamic relationship between the Bitcoin market and the conventional asset classes in India Design/methodology/approach This paper aims to cast light on the dynamic linkages between Bitcoin prices and other conventional asset classes in India by using the wavelet transform frameworks, which can allow us to analyze components of time series without losing the information. To do that, the techniques used with the data set include wavelet-based covariance, correlation, coherence spectrum, continuous power spectrum and Granger causality test. Findings The findings of the study suggest that interrelationships between Bitcoin and the key financial asset returns are statistically significant at low, medium and high frequencies. This study also finds the existence of the unidirectional connectedness between Bitcoin the other assets in India. Practical implications The outcome of the analysis calls for substantial policy implications for investors, portfolio management in India. This research on the existence of the interconnectedness between Bitcoin and other conventional asset classes in a specific country context, India can, therefore, make a significant contribution to the contemporary debate about the speculative nature of the cryptocurrencies. It casts light on whether Bitcoin provides any diversification and risk management benefits for Indian, as well as global investors. Originality/value To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first paper investigating the interrelatedness between Bitcoin and key conventional asset classes in India. This research makes methodological advancements by using the wavelet coherence transform. The findings provide empirical bases from which to deal with issues regarding hedging purposes and optimal portfolio allocation for an increasing number of investors in the Indian context. Therefore, the main contribution of this study to related literature in this field is significant.
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Kuranishi, Adam, and Celia Oyler. "I Failed the edTPA." Teacher Education and Special Education: The Journal of the Teacher Education Division of the Council for Exceptional Children 40, no. 4 (September 7, 2017): 299–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888406417730111.
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In this article, co-written by a teacher and a professor, the authors examine possible explanations for why Adam (first author), a New York City public school special educator, failed the edTPA, a teacher performance assessment required by all candidates for state certification. Adam completed a yearlong teaching residency where he was the special educator intern of a co-teaching team. He received glowing reviews on all program assessments, including 12 clinical observations and firsthand evaluations by his principal and one student. In this article, the authors analyze Adam’s edTPA submission showing evidence of how he met his teacher education program’s expectations for teaching inclusively in a heterogeneous Integrated Co-Teaching classroom using frameworks from Universal Design for Learning and culturally sustaining pedagogy. They speculate that this pedagogical approach was in conflict with the Pearson/SCALE (Stanford Center for Assessment, Learning, and Equity) edTPA expectations or scorer training. They conclude by discussing the paradigmatic conflicts between the Pearson/SCALE special edTPA handbook and the aims and practices of inclusive education.
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Bailey, Mark, Emmanouil Chatzakis, Nicholas Spencer, Kate Lampitt Adey, Nate Sterling, and Neil Smith. "A design-led approach to transforming wicked problems into design situations and opportunities." Journal of Design, Business & Society 5, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 95–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/dbs.5.1.95_1.
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This article argues that using a design-led approach is highly beneficial when tackling complex problems to transform ambiguity into actionable design briefs and solution opportunities. This is evidenced by way of an ongoing project with a large public-sector organization. Northumbria University’s School of Design academic experts use design-led approaches to innovation that promotes ‘creative fusion’ between diverse stakeholders in order to tackle ‘wicked problems’. The authors continue this work as part of an Arts and Humanities Research Council/ European Regional Development Fund-funded programme entitled Creative Fuse North East (CFNE), involving five regional universities, of which the project discussed here is a part. The main objectives of CFNE are to develop and deploy approaches to innovation that apply skills from creative graduates to benefit the wider creative economy, address barriers to innovation and promote growth and sustainability within and without the Creative, Digital and IT sector (CDIT). The authors propose that to do this it is vital to convert stakeholders into co-creation activists empowered with the creative confidence and tools required to speculate about uncertain futures.
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Lee, Ahreum, Ram Mudambi, and Marcelo Cano-Kollmann. "An analysis of Japan’s connectivity to the global innovation system." Multinational Business Review 24, no. 4 (December 12, 2016): 399–423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mbr-06-2016-0020.
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Purpose In the modern knowledge-intensive economy, a nation’s competitiveness depends on the ability of its constituent firms to innovate. Extant research in national systems of innovation highlights institutions and public policies toward innovation as key determinants that affect firms’ innovation activities. This paper aims to widen the investigation by arguing that co-inventor connectivity allows firms to access the most tacit knowledge within global innovation systems. Therefore, it is one of the key factors that underpin a nation’s ability to develop and sustain its competitiveness. Design/methodology/approach Using a data set of 406,168 patents from US Patent and Trademark Office during the period of 1975-2004, this study analyzed the Japanese system of innovation through co-inventor networks. Findings Surprisingly, the authors found that compared to other advanced countries such as Germany and Denmark, the Japanese innovation system is quite closed. Originality/value The dimension of tacit knowledge is crucial in the current environment of rapid cycle time, short product lifespans and increasing emphasis on exploratory innovation. Hence the authors speculate that closedness to global innovation systems could be one of the reasons why many of Japan’s traditionally powerful multinational enterprises exhibit weak performance in recent years.
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Palem, Krishna V. "Inexactness and a future of computing." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 372, no. 2018 (June 28, 2014): 20130281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2013.0281.
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As pressures, notably from energy consumption, start impeding the growth and scale of computing systems, inevitably, designers and users are increasingly considering the prospect of trading accuracy or exactness . This paper is a perspective on the progress in embracing this somewhat unusual philosophy of innovating computing systems that are designed to be inexact or approximate , in the interests of realizing extreme efficiencies. With our own experience in designing inexact physical systems including hardware as a backdrop, we speculate on the rich potential for considering inexactness as a broad emerging theme if not an entire domain for investigation for exciting research and innovation. If this emerging trend to pursuing inexactness persists and grows, then we anticipate an increasing need to consider system co-design where application domain characteristics and technology features interplay in an active manner. A noteworthy early example of this approach is our own excursion into tailoring and hence co-designing floating point arithmetic units guided by the needs of stochastic climate models. This approach requires a unified effort between software and hardware designers that does away with the normal clean abstraction layers between the two.
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Hughes, Karen, and Gianna Moscardo. "ICT and the future of tourist management." Journal of Tourism Futures 5, no. 3 (October 9, 2019): 228–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jtf-12-2018-0072.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to speculate how recent and emerging trends in information and communication technology (ICT) could change the way tourism businesses and organizations communicate with and manage their guests. Design/methodology/approach This paper applies elements of futures and design thinking to analyze current tourism management practices and identify critical touchpoints that link tourist decisions to management strategies. Findings Fictional travel stories were used to identify and analyze how technology might affect tourism through five touchpoints– choice, connection, co-creation, customization and compliance. These stories were analyzed to identify changing forces and suggest potential paradigm shifts that tourism managers need to consider. These included increasingly complex content, the importance of compatible connections, and the critical role of coordination and cooperation in future tourism systems. Originality/value While there have been numerous discussions of how tourists and tourism businesses access and use technology, there is little evidence of scholars and practitioners applying formal futures thinking to ICT and tourism. This paper used design thinking and stories to predict and illustrate ways in which technology could be embedded into tourism experiences and services. It suggests that technology can, and probably will, fundamentally change the way in which we manage tourists and their experiences.
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Beale, Andrew M., Simon D. M. Jacques, Marco Di Michiel, J. Frederick W. Mosselmans, Stephen W. T. Price, Pierre Senecal, Antonios Vamvakeros, and James Paterson. "X-ray physico-chemical imaging during activation of cobalt-based Fischer–Tropsch synthesis catalysts." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 376, no. 2110 (November 27, 2017): 20170057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0057.
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The imaging of catalysts and other functional materials under reaction conditions has advanced significantly in recent years. The combination of the computed tomography (CT) approach with methods such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) now enables local chemical and physical state information to be extracted from within the interiors of intact materials which are, by accident or design, inhomogeneous. In this work, we follow the phase evolution during the initial reduction step(s) to form Co metal, for Co-containing particles employed as Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) catalysts; firstly, working at small length scales (approx. micrometre spatial resolution), a combination of sample size and density allows for transmission of comparatively low energy signals enabling the recording of ‘multimodal’ tomography, i.e. simultaneous XRF–CT, XANES–CT and XRD–CT. Subsequently, we show high-energy XRD–CT can be employed to reveal extent of reduction and uniformity of crystallite size on millimetre-sized TiO 2 trilobes. In both studies, the CoO phase is seen to persist or else evolve under particular operating conditions and we speculate as to why this is observed. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Providing sustainable catalytic solutions for a rapidly changing world’.
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Hughes, Ed, Alice Eldridge, and Chris Kiefer. "Syncphonia: Understanding the value of participatory design in developing music technology to support musical ensembles that use notation." Journal of Music Technology & Education 13, no. 1 (August 1, 2020): 57–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jmte_00016_1.
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The benefits of ensemble performance are well recognized; notation supports group performance, but cuts in music education and changing musical cultures mean that notation is increasingly perceived as a barrier to entry. In an extended participatory design (PD) project, we co-designed and developed a software system for networked notation called Syncphonia with the aim of enhancing access to and experience of notation-based ensemble performance. In previous work, our formal evaluation and informal observations and feedback revealed a wide range of benefits. In this article, we are concerned with articulating the knowledge generated and insights gained through this extended PD process. To do so, we employ a framework for systematic reflection that has been designed to support investigation into the tacit knowledge generated in participatory design. Through this method, we focus inward and share three insights into the value of networked notation in contemporary musical cultures; we also look outward and articulate five approaches to PD with musical ensembles that might benefit others adopting this rich research method. A pluralistic and inclusive vision of notation is espoused and speculation is submitted that a dynamic, networked notation might ameliorate the boundaries between composing, improvising and performing to the benefit of all three.
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Simone, Cristina, Antonio La Sala, and Marta Maria Montella. "The rise of P2P ecosystem: a service logics amplifier for value co-creation." TQM Journal 29, no. 6 (October 9, 2017): 863–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tqm-04-2017-0047.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine peer production (P2P) conceived as an ecosystem for value co-creation. First, this paper provides information on the specific P2P method for value co-creation, which is based on distributed technologies, cognitive slack and search for quality, to provide outputs that are open to continuous improvement. Second, aiming to fill the extant literature gap, this paper discusses the efficient dimension of P2P, providing a framework for the net benefit analysis of the economies and diseconomies that affect the value co-creation processes. Design/methodology/approach The paper identifies three main literature clusters that are focused on P2P, namely, economical, sociological and organizational clusters, and integrates them with the economics of organizational perspective to elicit information on the efficient dimension of P2P. This efficient dimension is expressed by a net benefit analysis of the economies and diseconomies that affect the P2P value co-creation processes. Findings The P2P ecosystem is characterized by the intensive interaction among cognitive slack and distributed technologies. This complex interaction presents interesting implications in terms of efficiency that, until now, have not been analyzed in the literature. Aiming to fill the extant literature gap, this paper provides a consistent analytical framework that simultaneously takes into account the economies of knowledge integration and potential diseconomies, that is, the costs of coordination and loss of control that arise from the adoption and diffusion of distributed technologies. Originality/value This paper provides an original explanation of P2P as an emergent ecosystem that serves as a service logics amplifier of value co-creation. In this regard, analysis of the key features of P2P not only sheds new light on P2P, but also allows for the reflection on the ecosystem’s framework, which promotes a virtuous interaction between the conceptual speculation and understanding of reality. Moreover, the proposed framework for the net benefit analysis of the P2P value co-creation model draws the attention of managers and decision makers as they consider the following issue: value co-creation jointly considers not only its benefits, but also its associated costs.
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Chindengwike, James. "Effect of Recurring Expenditure Financed by External Grants on Promoting Sustainable Economic Development of Sub-Saharan Africa Countries." Journal of Global Economy 18, no. 3 (September 27, 2022): 209–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v18i3.658.
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This study examined the effect of recurring expenditure financed by external grants on sustainable economic development of sub - Saharan Africa Countries. This paper asked the participation of external grants on the recurring expenditure as one of the source of funds, separately from international finance perspective; the mechanism of domestic did not talk about. This paper filled this gap in literature by determining the recurring expenditure financed by external grants. The study adopted a time series research design where by secondary data were used. The population of the study was external grants and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) from 1988/89 - 2019/20 financial years (Annual Data). The sample size of the research was 32 observations. Purposive sampling was used to choose the Tanzania as a study area of the research; data were collected from the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).The parameters tests such as test for co integration and unit root test was used to investigate co-integrating vectors. After that, Autoregressive Distributive Lag Model (ARDL) was carrying out to find the results. The finding shows that, recurring expenditure financed by external grants influence sustainable economic development; with P- Value of 0.002. At the same time as inflation rate looks to be insignificant with P- Value of 0.719. The study recommends in order encouraging sustainable economic development, government must proceed to promote the relationship with nations by giving development programs which are consistent with supporting programs. additionally, the research predict the requirement for introducing strong policies that will assist and promote strong collaboration with donor nations and spend more in substantial speculation and utilization expenditure in order to increase the level of production as which will affect the sustainable economic development.
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Davidová, Marie, Shanu Sharma, Dermott McMeel, and Fernando Loizides. "Co-De|GT: The Gamification and Tokenisation of More-Than-Human Qualities and Values." Sustainability 14, no. 7 (March 23, 2022): 3787. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14073787.
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The article explores how the quality of life within a deprived urban environment might be improved through the ‘gamification’ of and interaction with, more-than-human elements within the environment. It argues that such quality may be achieved through the community’s multicentered value from the bottom up. This is shown through the case study of the Co-De|GT urban mobile application that was developed in the Synergetic Landscapes unit through real-life research by design experimental studio teaching. Complimentary experimentation took place during the Relating Systems Thinking and Design 10 symposium in the Co-De|BP workshop, where experts were able to be collocated for interactive real-time data gathering. This application addresses the need for collective action towards more-than-human synergy across an urban ecosystem through gamification, community collaboration and DIY culture. It intends to generate a sustainable, scalable token economy where humans and non-humans play equal roles, earning, trading and being paid for goods and services to test such potentials for future economies underpinned by blockchain. This work diverges from dominant economic models that do not recognise the performance of and the limits to, material extraction from the ecosystem. The current economic model has led to the global financial crisis (GFC). Furthermore, it is based on the unsustainable perpetual consumption of services and goods, which may lead to the untangling and critical failure of the market system globally. Therefore, this work investigates how gamification and tokenization may support a complementary and parallel economic market that sustains and grows urban ecosystems. While the research does not speculate on policy implications, it posits how such markets may ameliorate some of the brittleness apparent in the global economic model. It demonstrates a systemic approach to urban ecosystem performance for the future post-Anthropocene communities and economies.
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Storm, Janet, Yang Wu, Jill Davies, Christopher A. Moxon, and Alister G. Craig. "Testing the effect of PAR1 inhibitors on Plasmodium falciparum-induced loss of endothelial cell barrier function." Wellcome Open Research 5 (February 19, 2020): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15602.1.
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Background: Sequestration and cytoadherence of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes (IE) to microvascular endothelium alters endothelial barrier function and plays a role in the pathogenesis of severe malaria. Binding of IE is mediated by P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) and the PfEMP1 variants that binds to endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) have, in particular, been associated with the dysregulation of the coagulation/inflammation pathways in endothelial cells. This has prompted speculation about the role of protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR1) activation and signalling in causing endothelial activation and loss of barrier function in cerebral malaria. Methods: We used a co-culture of primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) with P. falciparum material, recombinant PfEMP1 or lysates from IE, and measured barrier function by trans endothelial electrical resistance (TEER). A selection of PAR1 inhibitors was tested for their ability to reverse the P. falciparum and thrombin induced decrease in barrier function. Results: An initial screen in the presence of recombinant PfEMP1 identified a few inhibitors that were able to reduce the rapid thrombin-induced barrier disruption even when activated protein C (aPC) was unable to do so. However, in the IE lysate co-culture system we identified a mechanism that slowly reduces barrier function and which is insensitive to PAR1 inhibitors. Conclusions: The selected PAR1 inhibitors were able to reverse the disruption of barrier function by thrombin but did not reverse the IE lysate induced disruption of barrier function, implicating a different PAR1-independent mechanism. These findings have implications for the design of adjunct therapies to reduce brain swelling in cerebral malaria.
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Storm, Janet, Yang Wu, Jill Davies, Christopher A. Moxon, and Alister G. Craig. "Testing the effect of PAR1 inhibitors on Plasmodium falciparum-induced loss of endothelial cell barrier function." Wellcome Open Research 5 (May 28, 2020): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15602.2.
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Background: Sequestration and cytoadherence of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes (IE) to microvascular endothelium alters endothelial barrier function and plays a role in the pathogenesis of severe malaria. Binding of IE is mediated by P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) and the PfEMP1 variants that binds to endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) have, in particular, been associated with the dysregulation of the coagulation/inflammation pathways in endothelial cells. This has prompted speculation about the role of protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR1) activation and signalling in causing endothelial activation and loss of barrier function in cerebral malaria. Methods: We used a co-culture of primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) with P. falciparum material, recombinant PfEMP1 or lysates from IE, and measured barrier function by trans endothelial electrical resistance (TEER). A selection of PAR1 inhibitors was tested for their ability to reverse the P. falciparum and thrombin induced decrease in barrier function. Results: An initial screen in the presence of recombinant PfEMP1 identified a few inhibitors that were able to reduce the rapid thrombin-induced barrier disruption even when activated protein C (aPC) was unable to do so. However, PAR1 inhibitors did not rescue the barrier dysfunction after co-culture with IE lysate. Conclusions: The selected PAR1 inhibitors were able to reverse the disruption of barrier function by thrombin but did not reverse the IE lysate induced disruption of barrier function, implicating a different PAR1-independent mechanism. These findings have implications for the design of adjunct therapies to reduce brain swelling in cerebral malaria.
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Storm, Janet, Yang Wu, Jill Davies, Christopher A. Moxon, and Alister G. Craig. "Testing the effect of PAR1 inhibitors on Plasmodium falciparum-induced loss of endothelial cell barrier function." Wellcome Open Research 5 (July 7, 2020): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15602.3.
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Background: Sequestration and cytoadherence of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes (IE) to microvascular endothelium alters endothelial barrier function and plays a role in the pathogenesis of severe malaria. Binding of IE is mediated by P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) and the PfEMP1 variants that binds to endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) have, in particular, been associated with the dysregulation of the coagulation/inflammation pathways in endothelial cells. This has prompted speculation about the role of protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR1) activation and signalling in causing endothelial activation and loss of barrier function in cerebral malaria. Methods: We used a co-culture of primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) with P. falciparum material, recombinant PfEMP1 or lysates from IE, and measured barrier function by trans endothelial electrical resistance (TEER). A selection of PAR1 inhibitors was tested for their ability to reverse the P. falciparum and thrombin induced decrease in barrier function. Results: An initial screen in the presence of recombinant PfEMP1 identified a few inhibitors that were able to reduce the rapid thrombin-induced barrier disruption even when activated protein C (aPC) was unable to do so. However, PAR1 inhibitors did not rescue the barrier dysfunction after co-culture with IE lysate. Conclusions: The selected PAR1 inhibitors were able to reverse the disruption of barrier function by thrombin but did not reverse the IE lysate induced disruption of barrier function, implicating a different PAR1-independent mechanism. These findings have implications for the design of adjunct therapies to reduce brain swelling in cerebral malaria.
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Brown, Stephen, and Roel Wijland. "Figuratively speaking: of metaphor, simile and metonymy in marketing thought." European Journal of Marketing 52, no. 1/2 (February 12, 2018): 328–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-03-2017-0248.
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Purpose Much has been written about metaphor in marketing. Much less has been written about simile and metonymy. It is widely assumed that they are types of metaphor. Some literary theorists see them as significantly different things. If this is the case, then there are implications for marketing theory and thought. Design/methodology/approach In keeping with literary tradition, this paper comprises a wide-ranging reflective essay, not a tightly focussed empirical investigation. A combination of literature review and conceptual contemplation, it challenges convention by “reading against the grain”. Findings The essay reveals that, far from being part of metaphor’s supporting cast, simile and metonymy are stars in themselves. With the aid of three concise cases-in-point – relationship marketing (RM), the consumer odyssey (CO) and Kotler’s generic concept (GC) – the authors present an alternative interpretation of their conceptual contribution and continuing importance. Practical implications Marketing management is replete with metaphorical speculation (positioning, warfare, myopia and more). The shortcomings of such figures of speech are rarely spelled out, much less foregrounded. By raising figurative consciousness, marketing practice is furthered. Originality/value As similes and metonymies are rarely spoken about in marketing scholarship, the study starts a much-needed conversation. It raises the issue of marketing’s figurative foundations and, in so doing, offers further scope for future debate.
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Mancke, Carol Jane. "Experiments in interfaces." Archnet-IJAR: International Journal of Architectural Research 13, no. 3 (November 11, 2019): 670–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arch-05-2019-0116.
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Purpose Exploring the need for “neutral” public space located between the private act of voting and formal deliberative democracy, the purpose of this paper is to examine two interfaces between everyday life and democratic politics and considers ways this territory can be a site for generative artistic practises. Design/methodology/approach Many artists and architects work in the space between the individual and formal collective political processes. Speculating outward from two artworks by the author and drawing on the thought of Hannah Arendt, Rosalyn Deutsche, Chantal Mouffe, Bruno Latour and others, this paper maps theory to the territory and proposes a new framework for reconsidering the work of such practitioners. Findings Three potentially fruitful avenues for exploration as artistic practice related to democratic interfaces are identified and discussed through examples. Originality/value This exploration is part of a broader practice-led research project into models of public collaborative thinking within the context of artistic practice. Many argue that the public realm has been co-opted by neo-liberal political and economic forces, resulting in a sense of hopelessness that limits the ability to imagine anything else. This research reflects on artistic tactics that counter this sense of hopelessness. These practices often suggest alternative social structures, foster ephemeral (local) public spheres or propose spatial configurations that support these. This paper offers a useful framework for reflecting on the work of politically engaged artists and architects as well as structuring new projects.
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Savoldo, Barbara, Carlos A. Ramos, Catherine M. Bollard, Enli Liu, Martha Mims, Michael Keating, Adrian P. Gee, et al. "The Effects of Co-Stimulatory Endodomains on the Fate of T Cells Expressing a Tumor Directed Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) In Human Subjects with B Cell Malignancies." Blood 116, no. 21 (November 19, 2010): 3949. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.3949.3949.
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Abstract Abstract 3949 B cell lymphomas have been effectively treated by immunotherapy, including monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and adoptive T cell transfer. To extend this success, investigators have genetically modified T cells to express a B cell specific antibody incorporated in an artificial chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), essentially combining antibody and cell-based approaches. Early B cell directed CARs combined the antigen binding domains of the variable regions of a CD19 or CD20 MAb (scFv) with the CD3ζ endodomain of the TCR/CD3 complex. Although such CARs confer potent cytotoxic function to T cells, initial clinical trials showed that T cells modified to express CARs engineered in this way had limited in vivo persistence, apparently receiving insufficient costimulation following CAR engagement. To overcome the above limitations, a multiplicity of costimulatory endodomains, including CD28, 41BB or OX40, have been incorporated into the CAR molecule. Because of patient heterogeneity, it has proved difficult to draw definitive conclusions about the relative expansion, persistence and effectiveness of cells with each modification, so that their comparative value in human subjects remains speculative. We therefore designed a phase I, dose escalation clinical trial in which patients with refractory/relapsed B cell malignancies were simultaneously infused with two autologous T cell products. Both express a CAR with an identical CD19-specific exodomain, but one CAR also has a CD28-ζ endodomain while the other expresses only a ζ endodomain. With this study design, each patient acts as a “self-control”, allowing us to directly discover the consequences of CD28 costimulation for the fate of the T cells in vivo. We enrolled two patients at each of the three cell dose levels (1st level = 2×107/m2 of each product; 2nd level = 1×108/m2; 3rd level = 2×108/m2). End points of the study were safety, persistence of each of the two generations of CAR-modified T cells, and assessment of antitumor activity. T cell products were generated by activation of autologous PBMC with immobilized OKT3 and gene modified with retroviral vectors encoding either CAR.19ζ or CAR.19-28ζ. After transduction, T cells were expanded ex vivo for a median of 14 days (range 6–18) in the presence of IL-2. CAR expression was 42%±18% and 49%±16% for CAR.19ζ and CAR.19-28ζ, respectively. This corresponded to 51,246±16,795 and 18,283±9,484 transgene copy numbers/μg DNA, respectively, as measured by Q-PCR. Products contained both CD8+ cells (CAR.19ζ = 49%±22%, CAR.19-28ζ = 48%±22%). Few naïve T cells were present in either transduced population (CD45RA+ = 6%±5% and 6%±6%, respectively), and memory T cells predominated in both (CD45R0+CD62L+ = 50%±24% and 47%±66%, respectively). Both T cell components equally and specifically targeted CD19+ tumors in vitro as assessed by 51Cr release assays (specific lysis was 53%±10% for CAR.19ζ and 65%±19% for CAR.19-28ζ at a 20:1 E:T ratio). All infusions were well tolerated in all patients. Persistence of CAR+ T cell was assessed in peripheral blood by Q-PCR assays specific for CAR.19ζ and CAR.19-28ζ. Molecular signals for CAR.19-28ζ began at a low level after infusion, but progressively increased (7 to 63 fold) to peak at 1–2 weeks post infusion, before declining to background levels over the ensuing 8 to 13 weeks. By contrast, molecular signals corresponding to CAR.19ζ+ cells were barely detectable after infusion, showed no expansion, and rapidly disappeared. Currently 4 patients are evaluable for disease response; 2 had stable disease for up to 6 months and 2 had progressive disease. Hence, infusion of both CAR.19ζ and CD19-28ζ T cells has been safe at current doses. Direct comparison of each cell product in individual patients indicates that inclusion of the CD28 costimulatory endodomain (2nd generation CAR) enhances expansion and persistence. Nonetheless, both the limited expansion and persistence and the modest clinical effects suggest that additional modifications will need to be made to CAR endodomains to optimize the benefits of this therapy. We suggest our approach will allow these modifications to be evaluated systematically and directly even in small-scale clinical studies. Disclosures: Off Label Use: T cell products in studies conducted under INDs.
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Joo, Baek-Kyoo, and Insuk Lee. "Workplace happiness: work engagement, career satisfaction, and subjective well-being." Evidence-based HRM: a Global Forum for Empirical Scholarship 5, no. 2 (August 7, 2017): 206–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ebhrm-04-2015-0011.
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Purpose Employee happiness or well-being is an emerging topic in management as well as in psychology. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of perceived organizational support (POS) and psychological capital (PsyCap) on happiness in employees’ work (i.e. work engagement), careers (i.e. career satisfaction), and lives (i.e. subjective well-being (SWB)). Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from 550 employees in a conglomerate in South Korea. For statistical analysis, we conducted confirmatory factor analysis, reliability and correlation analysis, and structural equation modeling analyses. Findings Employees were highly engaged in their work, satisfied with their careers, and felt a greater sense of well-being in their lives when they had higher POS and PsyCap. Work engagement fully mediated the relationship between PsyCap and career satisfaction. POS had an indirect effect on SWB through career satisfaction. With regards to the relationships among the three outcome variables, career satisfaction turned out to fully mediate the relationship between work engagement and SWB. In addition, the direct effect of PsyCap on SWB was also found to be significant. Research limitations/implications This study focused on knowledge workers in South Korean for-profit firms. The participants were mostly male, junior or middle managers. Using a cross-sectional survey method, this empirical study leaves room for speculation about the causality among the variables. As the results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses indicate, however, common method variance was found to not be of great concern. Practical implications The mission of human resources (HR) and organization development (OD) professionals in organizations is to improve individual and organizational performance and to enhance employees’ well-being. HR/OD professionals can enhance employees’ happiness not only in their work and careers but also in their lives by improving POS (e.g. growth opportunity, performance management, and compensation system) and developing PsyCap (e.g. staffing, training, and development, etc.). Originality/value This study linked the emerging constructs in positive psychology in general, in HR/OB in particular. To date, no study has empirically investigated the effects of PsyCap and POS on the three workplace happiness constructs: work engagement, career satisfaction, and SWB. This is the first study that found the relationship between POS and PsyCap. Last, while South Koreans are more collectivistic and less satisfied with their lives than the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development average, the respondents in this study, working for highly reputable firms, perceived high level of happiness in their work and career, and eventually in their lives. Thus, organizational features had a stronger effect on workplace happiness than national culture.
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Gallant, Andrea, and Virginnia Gilham. "Differentiated coaching: developmental needs of coachees." International Journal of Mentoring and Coaching in Education 3, no. 3 (November 4, 2014): 237–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmce-12-2013-0059.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to focus on teacher coachees’ perceptions of why some coaching goals (selected by coaches or coachees) were more achievable than others and how this knowledge might advance a coaching culture that has the potential for sustainable improvements to teaching and learning. Design/methodology/approach – As educators, the authors took a constructivist approach to grounded theory because the authors believe learning is socially constructed. The relationship between coach and coachees is underpinned by their constructed meanings and co-constructed learning. constructivist grounded theory (Charmaz, 1996) requires researchers not to start with a theory or hypothesis but to engage with data in a manner (coding, categorising, theorising) that allows for a theoretical understanding to emerge. In total, 22 teacher coachees from one school participated in this research. They were asked to complete an online questionnaire about their coaching experiences, speculating about why some goals (related to improving student reading, writing, speaking and listening, and math) were more achievable than others. One of the researchers had been a coach in the school, but not at the time of the research. Nonetheless online questionnaires were used as they offered teacher coachees anonymity to share their lived experiences (Charmaz, 2006). This data collection method also assisted in limiting accidental leading by an interviewer (Charmaz, 2006). Findings – The investigation into longitudinal coaching (one to six years) indicated how coachees positioned themselves or peers, when reflecting on and seeking to establish why some coaching goals were more achievable than others. Coachees clustered around one of the following themes: Pragmatic I, Pragmatic We, Student Driven, Team Driven, Data Driven, Research Driven. Theorising within and across themes highlighted that while coachees shared the same concerns, they differed in terms of how much they each focused on them. This allowed the authors to gauge the intensity of the concern (dominate, moderate or slight) for each participant. Notwithstanding the overlap, the seventh theme (temporality) serendipitously aligned with their exposure to coaching. Differentiated models of coaching appears to be a way to establish a coaching culture as multiple models could be responsive to divergent coachees’ learning needs. In doing so it is more likely to support sustainable improvements in teaching and learning. Research limitations/implications – The sample size (n=22) was appropriate for an in-depth analysis which allowed an understanding of coaching from the coachees’ first-hand experiences although it does limit generalisability. Another limitation is that coachees were not asked about teaching experience, hence the relationship between years of teaching and coaching exposure was not analysed. This is something that the authors feel now needs to be included in further research. Implications of the findings are that instructional coaches within schools may need to be more cognisant of the developmental stages and therefore differentiated needs of teacher coachees. This is particularly so if the aim is to promote sustainable pedagogical improvement. Originality/value – This is a case study of the effects of longitudinal coaching (one to six years) in a school where all teachers are involved in being coached.
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Lopez-Morinigo, Javier-David, Adela Sánchez Escribano-Martínez, Verónica González Ruiz-Ruano, Laura Mata-Iturralde, Sergio Sánchez-Alonso, Laura Muñoz-Lorenzo, Enrique Baca-García, and Anthony David. "S41. RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIAL OF METACOGNITIVE TRAINING COMPARED WITH PSYCHOEDUCATION IN PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA SPECTRUM DISORDERS: EFFECTS ON INSIGHT." Schizophrenia Bulletin 46, Supplement_1 (April 2020): S47—S48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaa031.107.
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Abstract Background Insight in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) has been linked with positive outcomes. However, the effect size of previous treatments on insight has been relatively small to date. The metacognitive basis of insight in SSD has led to speculation that metacognitive training (MCT) may improve insight and clinical outcomes in SSD. Methods Design: Single-center, assessor-blind, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial (RCT). Sample: Participants are recruited from the outpatient clinic of Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz (Madrid, Spain) over June-December 2019. Inclusion criteria: i) age: 18–64 years, both inclusive, at the study inception; ii) diagnosis: SSD based on the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (Sheehan et al., 1998) and iii) IQ>70 according to the Wechsler Adults Intelligence Scale-IV (Wechsler, 1981). Those with organic and drugs-induced psychosis, poor level of Spanish and/or lack of cooperativeness are excluded. Intervention: Participants are randomised to receive eight weekly group sessions of MCT or group psychoeducation (PSE) and they will be assessed at: T0) at baseline; T1) after treatment and T2) at 1-year follow-up, although follow-up data are not available yet. Co-primary outcome measures: clinical and cognitive insight dimensions, which will be measured by the Schedule for Assessment of Insight (Expanded version) (SAI-E) (Kemp & David, 1997), and the Beck Cognitive Insight Scale (BCIS) (Beck et al., 2004), respectively. Secondary outcome measures: i)Symptom severity-Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (Kay et al., 1987); ii)Functioning-General Assessment of Functioning (Endicott et al., 1976), World Health Organization Disability Scale (WHO, 2012) and Satisfaction Life Domains Scale (Carlson et al., 2009), and only at follow-up (T2) iii)Suicidal Behaviour and iv) Hospitalizations. Power calculations: To reach a power of β=80% and detect a between-group difference of two points on the SAI-E total scores, which is considered to be clinically meaningful -effect size of 0.33-, the estimated sample size at the end of the study is n=126. Statistics: Student’s T-test and Mann-Whitney U tests were used as appropriate to compare between-group differences before- and after-treatment, i.e., the changes from baseline to post-treatment scores. The protocol of the study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04104347). Results n=49 subjects have been assessed at baseline so far (26 males, age: 47.0±10.2 years, diagnosis of schizophrenia -F20-ICD10-, n=36, 73.5%). Fifteen individuals (MCT: n=8; controls: n=7) have completed the treatment and the post-treatment assessment (T1). ‘After-treatment-T1 - baseline-T0’ scores difference means/medians between-group differences (MCT vs. PSE) were: SAI-E total insight 1.00 vs. -2.00, p=0.050; SAI-E illness awareness 0.62±2.20 vs. -0.43±1.62, p=0.316; SAI-E symptom relabelling 0.37±3.38 vs. -1.86±2.34, p=0.167; SAI-E treatment compliance 0.00 vs. 0.00, p>0.05,ns; BCIS self-reflectiveness 0.50±3.78 vs. -1.43±2.22, p=0.259, BCIS self-certainty 1.62±2.97 vs. 0.00±2.44, p=0.298 and BCIS Composite Index -1.13±5.62 vs. -2.17±3.49, p=0.698. Discussion This is the first RCT testing the effect of group MCT on insight (as primary outcome) in a sample of unselected patients with SSD in comparison with psychoeducation. Two main findings emerged from the results. First, MCT appears to improve clinical and cognitive insight in SSD. Second, MCT was shown to be superior to PSE in changing insight. Whether the above MCT-related insight improvement is maintained at longer-term and whether this has an impact on clinical and social outcomes are yet to be established, which will be properly looked at in this trial.
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Yu, Haoran, Michael J. Zachman, Obaidullah Rahman, Amirkoushyar Ziabari, Jose Arregui Mena, Singanallur Venkatakrishnan, and David A. Cullen. "Microscopic Insights into the Inhomogeneous Degradation of Pt Alloy Catalysts in PEM Fuel Cells." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 42 (October 9, 2022): 1550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02421550mtgabs.
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Fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) powered by proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) offer a sustainable, low-carbon alternative to the world’s current energy structure based on fossil fuels. Recently, application of PEMFC to heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs) has attracted significant interest for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in this market. Relative to passenger vehicles, HDVs require extended lifetimes and high operating costs, leading to an increased emphasis on the durability and efficiency of membrane electrode assembly components [1]. Degradation of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) cathode catalyst is one of the main challenges for heavy duty applications. Several degradation mechanisms have been identified, such as Ostwald ripening, particle coalescence/migration, and particle detachment, the observation of which relies on transmission electron microscopy (TEM) [2,3]. Through TEM, inhomogeneous degradation at the micro- and nanoscale during operation have been observed: (1) the Pt loading decreases toward the cathode/membrane interface and creates a depletion zone adjacent to the interface [2,4] and (2) different rates of electrochemical surface area loss of PtCo supported on various porous carbons,[5] leading to the speculation of different degradation rates for particles at the exterior vs. interior carbon surfaces. To elucidate these inhomogeneous degradation mechanisms, we employ high-throughput image analysis and electron tomography methods to analyze fuel cell cathodes before and after accelerated stress tests (ASTs) performed in both nitrogen and air environments. An automated, high-throughput method was developed that provides statistically relevant analysis of PtCo particle size, shape, and loading distribution. This method combines automated image or energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) map acquisition using a commercial software (MAPS, Thermo Fisher Scientific) and custom Python codes to analyze high-angle annular dark field (HAADF) and EDS spectrum images. With the high-throughput method, we reveal the inhomogeneous distribution of PtCo particle size, Pt loading, and Co content across the entire electrode. In addition, an electron tomography workflow is under development to measure PtCo particle size and composition on the exterior and interior of the porous carbon support. The effect of cathode gaseous environment on the distribution of particle size, loading, and composition is discussed at the microscale across the electrode and at the nanoscale for exterior and interior surfaces of primary carbon particles. Findings from this study will provide new mitigation strategies and design principles to enable durable fuel cell catalysts.[6] References [1] DA Cullen et al., Nat. Energy. 6 (2021), p. 462. [2] PJ Ferreira et al., J. Electrochem. Soc. 152 (2005), p. A2256. [3] R Borup et al., Chem. Rev. 107 (2007), p. 3904. [4] H Yu et al., Electrochim. Acta 247 (2017), p. 1169. [5] M Ko et al., J. Electrochem. Soc. 168 (2021), p. 24512. [6] This material is based on work performed by the Million Mile Fuel Cell Truck (M2FCT) Consortium, technology managers Greg Kleen and Dimitrios Papageorgopoulus, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies Office, and by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy, Fuel Cycle R&D Program, and the Nuclear Science User Facilities. Electron microscopy research was supported by the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS), which is a US Department of Energy, Office of Science User Facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan).
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Lewon, Matthew, Yue Wang, Christina Peters, Matthew Peterson, Huili Zheng, Zhuqing Wang, Linda Hayes, and Wei Yan. "Assessment of operant learning and memory in mice born through ICSI." Human Reproduction 35, no. 9 (August 7, 2020): 2058–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deaa167.
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Abstract STUDY QUESTION Are there differences in operant learning and memory between mice born through ICSI and naturally conceived control (CTL) mice? SUMMARY ANSWER ICSI females exhibited deficits in the acquisition reward learning relative to CTL females, and ICSI males exhibited deficiencies in discrimination learning and memory relative to CTL males. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Some human outcome studies have suggested that ICSI might be associated with an increased risk of certain cognitive disorders, but only one of two behavioral studies with ICSI mouse models have reported differences between ICSI and CTL females. No studies to date have investigated associative learning in ICSI mice. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Groups of 36 ICSI mice (18 male, 18 female) and 37 CTL mice (19 male, 18 female) aged 3–6 months were compared in a series of operant learning procedures that assessed acquisition of a new behavior, discrimination learning and memory. In total, 16 ICSI mice (9 male, 7 female) and 17 CTL mice (10 male, 7 female) received follow-up discrimination learning and memory assessments at 12 months of age (6 months after the end of initial training) to evaluate retention and reacquisition of learned performances. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Mice received daily operant learning sessions in experimental chambers in which all stimulus events and the recording of responses were automated. Food rewards were delivered for responding under different conditions of reinforcement, which varied by procedure. Subjects received a successive series of sessions of nose poke acquisition training, discrimination training and the delayed-non-matching-to-position memory procedure. Mixed repeated measures ANOVAs in which the between-subjects factor was group (ICSI vs CTL) and the within-subjects factor was repeated exposures to learning procedures (i.e. sessions) were used to analyze data. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE In comparisons between all mice (i.e. males and females combined), CTL mice exhibited superior performance relative to ICSI in response acquisition (P = 0.03), discrimination (P = 0.001) and memory (P = 0.007). Sex-specific comparisons between the groups yielded evidence of sexual dimorphism. ICSI females exhibited a deficit in acquisition learning relative to CTL females (P < 0.001), but there was not a significant difference between CTL and ICSI males. In the discrimination and memory tasks, ICSI males exhibited deficits relative to CTL males (P = 0.002 and P = 0.02, respectively) but the differences between females in these tasks were not significant. There was no difference in discrimination or memory retention/re-acquisition assessments conducted with mice at 12 months of age. ICSI males and females weighed significantly more than CTL counterparts at all points during the experiment. LARGE SCALE DATA N/A LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The study was not blinded. All learning assessments utilized food reward; other assessments of operant, Pavlovian and nonassociative learning are needed to fully characterize learning in ICSI mice and speculate regarding the implications for cognitive function in humans conceived via ICSI. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Studying learning and memory processes in mouse models have the potential to shed light on ICSI outcomes at the level of cognitive function. Future research should use multiple learning paradigms, assess both males and females, and investigate the effects of variables related to the ICSI procedure. Studying cognitive function in ICSI is an interdisciplinary endeavor and requires co-ordination between researchers at the genetic and psychological levels of analysis. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported, in part, by grants from the NIH (P30GM110767, HD071736 and HD085506 to W.Y.), the Templeton Foundation (61174 to W.Y.) and a New Scholarly Endeavor Grant from the University of Nevada, Reno Office of Research and Innovation (to M.L., Y.W., H.Z., L.H. and W.Y.). The authors declare no competing interests.
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Iyamu, Efemwonkiekie W., Harrison A. Perdew, and Gerald M. Woods. "Chloroquine Modulates Arginase Activity by Limiting the Availability of Intracellular Mobile Iron Pool in Human Erythroid Cells." Blood 112, no. 11 (November 16, 2008): 1415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.1415.1415.
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Abstract Increased iron absorption associated with intensive erythropoiesis and iron deposition as a result of continuous hemolysis contribute to cellular injuries in sickle cell disease (SCD). Iron overload seems to be a predisposing factor of disease severity and mortality in significant number of adult SCD and β-thalassemia patients. Indeed, there is now an impressive body of evidence indicating that increased intracellular iron pool might be the hallmark of mammalian cell susceptibility to oxidative stress. Recently, we showed that cysteine, in the presence of molecular iron, promotes arginase activity by driving the Fenton reaction in sickle erythrocytes (unpublished report). It has been suggested that the reduction of arginine bioavailability for nitric oxide (NO) production secondary to increased plasma arginase levels in SCD may contribute to severe pathophysiological derangements and increase mortality. We have previously shown that chloroquine (CQ), an anti-malarial and anti-rheumatoid drug, displays a linear competitive mode of inhibition on sickle erythrocyte arginase. In the present report we showed that treatment of cultured human erythroleukemic cells with 100 or 200 μM iron (ferric ammonium citrate) induced a significant increase in cell proliferation with corresponding increase in arginase activity. By using specific antibodies it was demonstrated that the increased arginase activity correlated with an increase in arginase-1 levels in the cells. Upon treatment of cells with 10 μM CQ, in the presence or absence of ferric ammonium citrate (FAC), the levels of arginase enzyme decreased by 33.5 % and 36.7 % respectively. In an effort to expand our understanding of the link between intracellular iron and CQ-mediated modulation of arginase activity, FAC-treated cells were co-incubated with 10 μM CQ for 48 hrs and the intracellular and membrane associated iron levels were determined by nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA)-ultracentrifugation assay. Our results indicate that CQ maximally enhanced the sequestration of intracellular iron by 39.3 % and that no effects of CQ were noted on the membrane associated iron levels. Further the level of ferritin was reduced by 29.4 % in CQ-treated cells in comparison with the FAC-treated cells alone as determined by immunosorbent assay. This data suggests that the observed diminished ferritin levels in the presence of CQ may be due to repression by translational regulators of ferritin function secondary to low intracellular iron levels, as evidenced in this study. Because treatment of cells with an intracellular iron chelator deferoxamine, in combination with CQ, caused a significant decrease in the levels of ferritin (60 % vs control; p = 0.006) and consequent reduction in ARG-1 levels (58.3 % vs control), we conclude that the sequestration of intracellular iron contributes in part to the CQ-mediated inhibition of arginase activity. We further investigated the effects of CQ on ferritin-Fe in a cell free system, reasoning that the effects of CQ on the intracellular iron pool may involve the modulation of iron mobilization from iron sources, such as ferritin (the main intracellular iron storage protein). To this end, purified human ferritin was incubated at predetermined time intervals in the presence or absence of 10–100 μM CQ at 37°C and the extent of NTA-mediated iron mobilization from ferritin was determined. Our results showed that CQ limits the mobilization of iron from ferritin in a dose-dependent manner. Our presented data demonstrate, for the first time, that CQ-mediated limitation of intracellular mobile iron pool modulates arginase activity as well as arginase-1 levels. We therefore speculate that an extreme increase in intracellular iron pool may result in the stimulation of arginase activity as observed in hemolytic diseases. In conclusion, we believe that our results represent a new and important improvement in understanding the pleiotropic effects of CQ on arginase activity, with specific reference to its participation on the limitation of intracellular iron availability in erythroid cells. Hence incorporating this template into structure-based enzyme design studies could lead to the production of new forms of efficient arginase inhibitors, which could be useful as therapeutic regimen in hemoglobinopathies and other iron overload related diseases.
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Kinch, Sofie, Minna Pakanen, Kasper Heiselberg, Christian Dindler, Anne-Mette Iversen, and Peter Gall Krogh. "An exploratory study of using speculative artefacts in co-design." CoDesign, January 24, 2022, 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15710882.2021.2016847.
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Fisher, Joshua B., and Alex M. Nading. "Playing ethnographically living well together: Collaborative ethnography as speculative experiment." Ethnography, May 20, 2022, 146613812210832. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14661381221083299.
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How can we live well together? The question is critical for cities, where “wicked problems” like failing infrastructure, natural and industrial disaster, and epidemic disease pose threats to diverse forms of life. Because such problems are by definition world-shattering, it is notoriously difficult for city-dwellers to agree on how to think about them, much less overcome them. This essay sketches a collaborative ethnographic approach for co-conceptualizing wicked problems. Proyecto Buen Vivir (The Living Well Project) features a series of multisector experimental workshops conducted over four years in Ciudad Sandino, Nicaragua. This workshop model draws on collaborative research design and active learning strategies from both Nicaraguan and North American pedagogical traditions. Collaborative methods have historically identified and addressed the discrete problems. Given that common understanding can be rather more elusive when grappling with wicked problems, this essay argues for collaborative methods oriented to speculation and play might also be more generative.
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Raven, Paul Graham, and Johannes Stripple. "Touring the carbon ruins: towards an ethics of speculative decarbonisation." Global Discourse, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/204378920x16052078001915.
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For many years, questions about the future have been marginalised within the social sciences: asking how we might live in a post-fossil society, or what are the key decisions and events that could take us there, has been seen as outside of the disciplinary scope. In this paper – which takes as its point of departure the ‘speculative turn’ that is increasingly inspiring a range of works, from foresight scenarios to design fiction – we insist on the need to invent methods and practices which provide speculative spaces that allow such questions to be articulated. We use our own speculative initiative, ‘The Museum of Carbon Ruins’, to foreground a series of ethical questions that accompany such speculative endeavours, but which have so far been neglected in contemporary discussions. Working within a critical utopian modality, Carbon Ruins does not foreclose ethical possibilities, but allows citizens to grapple with, evaluate, amend and critique the post-fossil futures that official policy is striving towards.<br /><br />Key messages<br /><ul><li>A pioneering and reflective examination of the ethics of speculative methods in climate policy.</li><br /><li>Presents utopian modes as an analytical lens to turn on sociotechnical and/or climate imaginaries.</li><br /><li>Explores the Museum of Carbon Ruins, a unique co-productive climate communications initiative.</li><br /><li>Openly fictional futures strike a fairer discursive bargain than the masked utopias of ecomodernism.</li></ul>
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Ostrowski, Anastasia K., Christina N. Harrington, Cynthia Breazeal, and Hae Won Park. "Personal Narratives in Technology Design: The Value of Sharing Older Adults’ Stories in the Design of Social Robots." Frontiers in Robotics and AI 8 (September 28, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2021.716581.
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The storytelling lens in human-computer interaction has primarily focused on personas, design fiction, and other stories crafted by designers, yet informal personal narratives from everyday people have not been considered meaningful data, such as storytelling from older adults. Storytelling may provide a clear path to conceptualize how technologies such as social robots can support the lives of older or disabled individuals. To explore this, we engaged 28 older adults in a year-long co-design process, examining informal stories told by older adults as a means of generating and expressing technology ideas and needs. This paper presents an analysis of participants’ stories around their prior experience with technology, stories shaped by social context, and speculative scenarios for the future of social robots. From this analysis, we present suggestions for social robot design, considerations of older adults’ values around technology design, and promotion of participant stories as sources for design knowledge and shifting perspectives of older adults and technology.
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Grommé, Francisca, and Evelyn Ruppert. "Imagining Citizens as More than Data Subjects." Science & Technology Studies, August 3, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23987/sts.89444.
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The article presents a methodography of a collaborative design workshop conducted with national and international statisticians. The workshop was part of an ethnographic research project on innovation in European official statistics. It aimed to bring academic researchers and statisticians together to collaborate on the design of app prototypes that imagine citizens as co-producers of official statistics rather than only data subjects. However, the objective was not to settle on an end product but to see if relations to citizens could be re-imagined. Through a methodography composed of two ethnographic narratives, we analyse whether and how a collaborative design workshop brought about imaginings of citizens as co-producers. To retrospectively analyse the workshop, we draw on feminist and material-semiotic takes on ‘friction’ as characteristic of collaboration. ‘Friction’, we suggest, can enlarge the repertoire of collaborative speculative practice beyond notions of rupture or consensus. Finally, we suggest that this analysis demonstrates the potential of methodography for opening up and reflecting on method in STS through eliciting the possibilities of collaboration.
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Chew, Louis, Luke Hespanhol, and Lian Loke. "To Play and To Be Played: Exploring the Design of Urban Machines for Playful Placemaking." Frontiers in Computer Science 3 (November 15, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2021.635949.
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Within the paradigm of the smart and playable city, the urban landscape and street furniture have provided a fertile platform for pragmatic and hedonic goals of urban liveability through technology augmentation. Smart street furniture has grown from being a novelty to become a common sight in metropolitan cities, co-opted for improving the efficiency of services. However, as we consider technologies that are increasingly smarter, with human-like intelligence, we navigate towards uncharted waters when discussing the consequences of their integration with the urban landscape. The implications of a new genre of street furniture embedded with artificial intelligence, where the machine has autonomy and is an active player itself, are yet to be fully understood. In this article, we analyse the evolving design of public benches along the axes of smartness and disruption to understand their qualities as playful, urban machines in public spaces. We present a concept-driven speculative design case study, as an exploration of a smart, sensing, and disruptive urban machine for playful placemaking. With the emergence of artificial intelligence, we expand on the potential of urban machines to partake an increasingly active role as co-creators of play and playful placemaking in the cities of tomorrow.
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Lathrop, Anna, Julia W. Szagdaj, and Nour Abou Jaoude. "Faraoyść: imagining alternative worlds from joy." foresight, May 12, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/fs-10-2021-0208.
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Purpose Faraoyść is a translinguistic portmanteau neologism that describes the moment when oppressive systems are shaken and appear to be coming to an end, and joyful, liberated worlds feel within reach. The purpose of this research is to demonstrate that faraoyść helped participants helped participants to expand their situated imaginings, which increased their capacity to imagine decolonized worlds. Design/methodology/approach This research was guided by faraoyść as a conceptual framework that explores the empirical experience of joy through collaborative world-building activities. These praxis-based exercises were tested in a series of workshops both at the 2020 UNESCO Futures Literacy Summit and in collaboration with Negligence Refugees from Lebanon. Findings When activated by collaboratively designed speculative objects and stories generated through the lens of faraoyść, participants created spaces of rhizomatic world-building that allowed them to imagine beyond the boundaries of their situated imaginings. Once participants had mapped the ways their imaginations were limited by current colonial systems of power, they were able to reorient their roles and develop new means to act within decolonized systems. Originality/value Faraoyść is a novel conceptual framework that contributes to current movements to decolonize futuring and foresight. This paper also introduces the concepts of rhizomatic world-building – an emergent approach to co-imagination, and situated imaginings, which are the systemic frameworks within which one imagines the ways the world has, is, will and must work. In practice, faraoyść is grounded in abundance and the power of liberatory joy to strengthen and celebrate local traditions, storytelling, world-building and community power.
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Wakkary, Ron, Doenja Oogjes, and Armi Behzad. "Two Years or More of Co-speculation." ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, March 15, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3514235.
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This article investigates new relations with things that are expansive and inclusive of the pluralities and differences within our entanglements with technologies. We do this by extending our commitments to the methodological approaches of material speculation and co-speculation that led us to engage in multi-year conversations between ourselves as design researchers, philosophers, and a counterfactual artifact we designed, known as a Tilting Bowl. The philosophers lived with the Tilting Bowl during this period. We call these conversations, polylogues, of which the aim is to co-speculate on a range of new possible relations by which to consider living with technological things. The contributions of our article are two-fold. Firstly, through our polylogues, we offer descriptions of three relations with things. These include 1) non-anthropocentric care: care that is non-anthropocentric and existential; 2) non-presumptive relations: not-knowing in relating to and engaging with things; and 3) ideologized relations: ideologies that frame relations with technologies. Secondly, the article elaborates and critically reflects on co-speculation as a method for relational and situated knowing that can be of benefit to HCI researchers.
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van den Eijnden, Tamalone, Corelia Baibarac-Duignan, Michiel de Lange, and Maartje de Goede. "Materials and modes of translation: Re-imagining inclusive “zero”-waste futures." Frontiers in Sustainable Cities 4 (September 28, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/frsc.2022.958423.
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In this paper, we present and reflect upon a creative and participatory approach for engaging citizens in imagining desirable “zero”-waste futures that include different values and perspectives. The approach emerged through a 4-month collaboration involving academic researchers and creative professionals and was prototyped in a formerly industrial neighborhood of Utrecht (het Werkspoorkwartier), currently being developed as a creative circular manufacturing area. With our approach, we inquire into and provide an alternative to predominant technology-centered policy visions, which portray the issues of waste as objective challenges that can be addressed through data-driven technological solutions. Such visions neglect many other perspectives and values, particularly those of citizens that face the issue of waste in everyday life, thus providing only a narrow vision of how the future might look like. To gather and articulate different perspectives on alternative “zero”-waste futures, we focus on citizen-science-inspired and speculative design methods to engage people and stimulate imagining futures that bring to light diverse values and perspectives. In the development of the methods, we work in close collaboration with creative practitioners, both in terms of anchoring the research in a real-world context and in terms of combining our different types of expertise. Reflecting on the project, we discuss the potential of our transdisciplinary approach and the co-produced methods to intervene in how we see and imagine alternative futures. We do so by taking “translation” as an analytical lens to understand how different meanings and visions are created through experiential, material, and affective modes of expression. Specifically, we will analyze the translations that occur in the processes of moving from abstract data to matters of concern, and from desirable futures to actionable presents. Looking at these multiple processes through the lens of translation will serve to investigate how different future imaginaries are generated through different materials and modalities of translation, offering different forms of engagement in shaping inclusive urban futures. Translation here will be conceptualized less as a perfect transference of information and more as an open-ended process of paying attention to different values, and identifying those matters for which to care for in our urban futures.
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González, Paco. "Fabien Girardin (English version)." Mosaic, no. 96 (April 30, 2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.7238/m.n96.1214.
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Fabien Girardin is a co-founder of the Near Future Laboratory a thinking, making, design, development and research practice speculating on the near future possibilities for digital worlds. He is active in the domains of user experience, data science and urban informatics.
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Milligan, Andy, Ed Hollis, Alex Milton, Drew Plunkett, Frazer Hay, and John Gigli. "Rethinking Inside the Box:." IDEA JOURNAL, July 20, 2007, 16–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37113/ideaj.vi0.155.
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This discussion paper describes key findings from the international IFS (Interiors Forum Scotland) conference, ‘Thinking Inside the Box’, held at The Lighthouse, Scotland’s Centre for Architecture, Design and the City in March 2007. In conjunction with an historical overview of interior design education in the UK, the authors describe the intention behind the conference, outlining its origins, aims and ambitions. The Interior Forum Scotland’s
lead role within the UK sector is discussed, as is its collaboration with the UK wide Interior Educators Council. Similarly, the IFS, in its first conference, is positioned against more established international interior design research communities, such as IDEA, (Interior Design / Interior Architecture Educators Association), amongst others. The authors speculate on the issues and themes highlighted by an international audience of interior design educators, researchers, authors and practitioners, and consider the future directions, challenges and issues driving interior design thinking internationally and design generally, and in particular, how these may influence the independent Scottish interior design sector. The paper and conference underpins interior design as an exceptionally broad and increasingly self confident spatial field, albeit one which operates within distinct interior frequencies from decoration
to architecture. It also examines the ways in which interior design educators, organisations and practitioners are reclaiming, refining and redefining this field. Interior design’s initial co- architectural / pro-decorative role is placed into context against new environmental territories and new challenges.