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Journal articles on the topic 'SPECTRUM APPLICATIONS'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 September 2023

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1

Long, Junbo, Haibin Wang, and Peng Li. "Applications of Fractional Lower Order Frequency Spectrum Technologies to Bearing Fault Analysis." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (August 27, 2019): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7641383.

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The traditional spectral analysis method is used to study the characteristics of bearing fault signals in frequency domain, which is reasonable and effective in general cases. However, it is proved that the fault signals have heavy tails in this paper, which are α stable distribution, and 1<α<2, and even the noises belong to α stable distribution. Then the conventional spectral analysis methods degenerate and even fail under α stable distribution environment. Several improved frequency spectral analysis methods are proposed employing fractional lower order covariation or fractional lower order covariance in this paper, including fractional lower order Blackman-Tukey covariation spectrum (FLOBTCS), fractional lower order periodogram covariation spectrum (FLOPCS), and fractional lower order welch covariation spectrum (FLOWCS). In order to suppress side lobe and improve resolution, we present novel fractional lower order autoregression (FLO-AR) and fractional lower order autoregressive moving average (FLO-ARMA) parameter model frequency spectrum methods, and the calculation steps are summarized. The proposed spectrum methods are compared with the existing methods based on second-order statistics under Gaussian and SαS distribution environments, and the results show that the new algorithms have better performance than the traditional methods. Finally, the improved methods are applied to estimate frequency spectrums of the normal and outer race fault signals, and it is demonstrated that they are effective for fault diagnosis.

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2

Корсунская, Юлия, and Yulia Korsunskaja. "Heuristic model of solar X-ray spectrum according to satellite data for geophysical applications." Solar-Terrestrial Physics 5, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/stp-53201909.

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Model and computational algorithm for recovering the X-ray component of the solar spectrum based on GOES XL (0.1–0.8 nm), XS (0.05–0.4 nm or 0.05–0.3 nm) and SDO QD (0.1–7 nm) channels data are presented. The model based the Mewe approximation of emission from optically thin plasmas that presents a temperature-like spectrum. The possibility to present the result spectrum as a superposition of Mewe spectrums placed in the solar absorbing atmosphere at one optical depth for its temperature parameter energy is suggested in this paper. So the model is a variation of the multi-temperature approximation. Spectrum parameters are determined on the basis of support functions, approximation expressions for which are given in appendix.

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3

ESTAREMI, YOUSEF. "On the Composition of Conditional Expectation and Multiplication Operators." Kragujevac Journal of Mathematics 46, no. 6 (December 2022): 883–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/kgjmat2206.883e.

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In this paper, ﬁrst we provide some necessary and suﬃcient conditions for quasi- normality and quasi- hyponormality of weighted conditional type operators. And then the spectrum, residual spectrum, point spectrum and spectral radius of weighted conditional type operators are computed. As an application, we give an equivalent conditions for weighted conditional type operators to be quasinilpotent. Also, some examples are provided to illustrate concrete applications of the main results.

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4

Moran, Timothy. "Applications of Sound Spectrum Analysis." Physics Teacher 45, no. 2 (February 2007): 93–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.2432085.

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5

Xie, B. S., S. Y. Zhou, and L. X. Wu. "AN INTEGRATED MINERAL SPECTRAL LIBRARY USING SHARED DATA FOR HYPERSPECTRAL REMOTE SENSING AND GEOLOGICAL MAPPING." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B5-2020 (August 24, 2020): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b5-2020-69-2020.

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Abstract. Mineral spectral library (MSL) is the foundation of hyperspectral remote sensing, and a significant tool of storing and managing massive mineral spectral data to facilitate the matching or identifying of unknown rocks and minerals conveniently and fast. However, mineral spectral data are scattered and stored in different spectral libraries worldwide, which behave different spectral resolutions, mineral categories and measurement parameters, and hinder its application in field investigation, mineral identification, landcover identification and geological mapping. An integrated MSL using shared data is developed currently in Central South University, China, to improve the properties of MSL. We collected the shared spectral data and related information (e.g., mineral attribute data, spectrometer information, etc.) worldwide, performed data cleaning measures to retain the qualified spectral data and consolidated all the data in a common framework so as to establish a reliable and comprehensive dataset, and developed an integrated MSL for data management and diversified applications. The user can analysis the target spectrum with the spectrum absorption characteristic parameters, and match the measured spectral curve with the reference spectrum in the integrated MSL to find the most similar spectrum curve. It’s crucial to note that a new spectrum classifier was designed to limit the scope of matching for improving the efficiency of identification when the experimental sample lacks the specific information. The integrated MSL is developed in B/S and C/S website environments. A demonstration of functions of the integrated MSL and its preliminary applications are introduced in the article.

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6

Cheng, Andrew Y. S., Jianhua Zhu, and Michael C. Y. Pau. "Characterization of a Noncolinear Acousto-Optic Tunable Filter and its Resolution Enhancement as a Near-Infrared Spectrometer." Applied Spectroscopy 55, no. 3 (March 2001): 350–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702011951768.

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An automatic near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer based on a noncolinear acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) is constructed for high-speed spectrometry. Its initial spectral characteristics are studied systematically for application. The AOTF is a solid-state, rugged, compact, and high-speed device and can be readily used for spectral measurement applications, but some broadening and overlapping effects will occur when it is used for the measurement of a narrow-band spectrum. In order to correct the spectral distortion and obtain a fine spectrum, a new resolution enhancement procedure, which combines conventional Fourier self-deconvolution (FSD) with our optimized evaluation function and objective parameters determination, is used to resolve the band-broadened and band-overlapped spectral lines. The self-deconvolved spectrum is in good agreement with the fine spectrum measured by a high-resolution grating spectrometer. This is, to our knowledge, the first resolution enhancement of an AOTF spectrum by analytical and numerical operation.

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7

Nikolaeva, Vera, and Evgeny Gordeev. "SPAM: Solar Spectrum Prediction for Applications and Modeling." Atmosphere 14, no. 2 (January 21, 2023): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos14020226.

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Solar Spectrum Prediction for Applications and Modeling (SPAM) is a new empirical model of solar X-ray, extreme ultraviolet and far ultraviolet radiation flux at the top of the Earth’s atmosphere. The model is based on 14 years of daily averaged TIMED spacecraft measurements from 2002 to 2016, when its sensors were regularly calibrated. We used a second-order parametrization of the irradiance spectrum by a single parameter—the F10.7 index—which is a reliable and consistently observed measure of solar activity. The SPAM model consists of two submodels for general and specific use. The first is the Solar-SPAM model of the photon energy flux in the first 190 spectral bands of 1 nm each, which can be used for a wide range of applications in different fields of research. The second model, Aero-SPAM, is designed specifically for aeronomic research and provides a photon flux for 37 specific wavelength intervals (20 wave bands and 16 separate spectral lines within the range of 5–105 nm, and an additional 121.5 nm Ly-alpha line), which play a major role in the photoionization of atmospheric gas particles. We provide the full set of parameterization coefficients that allows for the immediate implementation of the model for research and applications. In addition, we used the Aero-SPAM model to build a ready-to-use numerical application for calculating the photoionization rates of the main atmospheric components N2, O2, O, N and NO with known absorption and ionization cross sections.

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8

Pan, Mengguan, Baixiao Chen, and Minglei Yang. "A General Range-Velocity Processing Scheme for Discontinuous Spectrum FMCW Signal in HFSWR Applications." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2016 (2016): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2609873.

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Discontinuous spectrum signal which has separate subbands distributed over a wide spectrum band is a solution to synthesize a wideband waveform in a highly congested spectrum environment. In this paper, we present a general range-velocity processing scheme for the discontinuous spectrum-frequency modulated continuous wave (DS-FMCW) signal specifically. In range domain, we propose a simple time rearrangement operation which converts the range transform problem of the DS-FMCW signal to a general spectral estimation problem of nonuniformly sampled data. Conventional periodogram results in a dirty range spectrum with high sidelobes which cannot be suppressed by traditional spectral weighting. In this paper, we introduce the iterative adaptive approach (IAA) in the estimation of the range spectrum. IAA is shown to have the ability to provide a clean range spectrum. On the other hand, the discontinuity of the signal spectrum has little impact on the velocity processing. However, with the range resolution improved, the influence of the target motion becomes nonnegligible. We present a velocity compensation strategy which includes the intersweep compensation and in-sweep compensation. Our processing scheme with the velocity compensation is shown to provide an accurate and clean range-velocity image which benefits the following detection process.

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9

Fabila-Carrasco, John Stewart, and Fernando Lledó. "Covering Graphs, Magnetic Spectral Gaps and Applications to Polymers and Nanoribbons." Symmetry 11, no. 9 (September 14, 2019): 1163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11091163.

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In this article, we analyze the spectrum of discrete magnetic Laplacians (DML) on an infinite covering graph G ˜ → G = G ˜ / Γ with (Abelian) lattice group Γ and periodic magnetic potential β ˜ . We give sufficient conditions for the existence of spectral gaps in the spectrum of the DML and study how these depend on β ˜ . The magnetic potential can be interpreted as a control parameter for the spectral bands and gaps. We apply these results to describe the spectral band/gap structure of polymers (polyacetylene) and nanoribbons in the presence of a constant magnetic field.

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10

Gil', Michael. "Spectrum localization of a perturbed operator in a strip and applications." Opuscula Mathematica 41, no. 3 (2021): 395–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.7494/opmath.2021.41.3.395.

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Let \(A\) and \(\tilde{A}\) be bounded operators in a Hilbert space. We consider the following problem: let the spectrum of \(A\) lie in some strip. In what strip the spectrum of \(\tilde{A}\) lies if \(A\) and \(\tilde{A}\) are "close"? Applications of the obtained results to integral operators and matrices are also discussed. In addition, we apply our perturbation results to approximate the spectral strip of a Hilbert-Schmidt operator by the spectral strips of finite matrices.

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11

Haddad, M., A. Hayar, and M. Debbah. "Spectral efficiency of spectrum-pooling systems." IET Communications 2, no. 6 (2008): 733. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-com:20070469.

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12

Корсунская, Юлия, and Yulia Korsunskaja. "Heuristic model of solar X-ray spectrum according to satellite data for geophysical applications." Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika 5, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/szf-53201909.

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Model and computational algorithm for recovering the X-ray component of the solar spectrum based on GOES XL (0.1–0.8 nm), XS (0.05–0.4 nm or 0.05–0.3 nm) and SDO QD (0.1–7 nm) channels data are presented. The model based the Mewe approximation of emission from optically thin plasmas that presents a temperature-like spectrum. The possibility to present the result spectrum as a superposition of Mewe spectrums placed in the solar absorbing atmosphere at one optical depth for its temperature parameter energy is suggested in this paper. So the model is a variation of the multi-temperature approximation. Spectrum parameters are determined on the basis of support functions, approximation expressions for which are given in appendix.

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13

Dayana, R., and R. Kumar. "Modified isotropic orthogonal transform algorithm-universal filtered multicarrier transceiver for 5G cognitive radio application." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 4 (August 1, 2019): 3100. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i4.pp3100-3107.

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Rapid developments in modern wireless communication permit the trade of spectrum scarcity. Higher data rate and wider bandwidth emerge the development in growing demand of wireless communication system. The innovative solution for the spectrum scarcity is cognitive radio (CR). Cognitive radio is the significant technology used to utilize the spectrum effectively. The important aspect of CR is sensing the spectrum band and detects the presence or absence of the primary user in the licensed band. Moreover, another serious issue in next generation (5G) wireless communication is to decide the less complex 5G waveform candidate for achieving higher data rate, low latency and better spectral efficiency. Universal filtered multi-carrier (UFMC) is one of the noticeable waveform candidates for 5G and its applications. In this article, we investigate the spectrum sensing methods in multi-carrier transmission for cognitive radio network applications. Especially, we integrate the sensing algorithm into UFMC transceiver to analyze the spectral efficiency, higher data rates and system complexity. Through the simulation results, we prove that the UFMC based cognitive radio applications outperform the existing Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) based CR applications.

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14

Nolte, Dick. "Applications for a modularised spectrum analyser." Electronics and Power 31, no. 3 (1985): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ep.1985.0150.

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15

Kwon, Youngsun, Duk Kyu Park, and Hongjai Rhee. "Spectrum fragmentation: Causes, measures and applications." Telecommunications Policy 41, no. 5-6 (June 2017): 447–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2017.02.006.

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16

Economou, EG. "Spread spectrum systems with commercial applications." Computer Communications 18, no. 7 (July 1995): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-3664(95)90004-7.

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17

Magill, D. T., F. D. Natali, and G. P. Edwards. "Spread-spectrum technology for commercial applications." Proceedings of the IEEE 82, no. 4 (April 1994): 572–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/5.282243.

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18

Tikhomirov, Alexander A., Sophia A. Ushakova, and Valentin N. Shikhov. "Features Choice of Light Sources for Bio-Technical Life Support Systems for Space Applications." Volume 26, Number 4, 2018, no. 04-2018 (December 2018): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33383/2018-047.

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The historical aspects and prospects of the use of artificial light sources in the biological and technical systems of life support for space applications are considered. According to the given data, the most promising for such systems are LED light sources. Based on the results of photobiological studies it is shown that radiation, perceived by a man as white, in his spectral efficiency unreliable differs from radiation, a spectral curve similar to the average action spectrum of photosynthesis the green sheet (“Phyto”). In accordance with this, the possibility of choosing either a phyto spectrum or a spectrum close to the equal energy for the cultivation of plants in life support systems is justified.

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19

Fiol, Miquel Àngel, Josep Fàbrega, and Victor Diego. "Equivalent Characterizations of the Spectra of Graphs and Applications to Measures of Distance-regularity." Electronic Journal of Linear Algebra 36, no. 36 (September 12, 2020): 629–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/ela.2020.5061.

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The spectrum of a graph usually provides a lot of information about its combinatorial structure. Moreover, from the spectrum, the so-called predistance polynomials can be defined, as a generalization, for any graph, of the distance polynomials of a distance-regular graph. Going further, the preintersection numbers generalize the intersection numbers of a distance-regular graph. This paper describes, for any graph, the closed relationships between its spectrum, predistance polynomials, and preintersection numbers. Then, some applications to derive combinatorial properties of the given graph, most of them related to some fundamental characterizations of distance-regularity, are presented. In particular, the so-called `spectral excess theorem' is revisited. This result states that a connected regular graph is distance-regular if and only if its spectral excess, which is a value computed from the spectrum, equals the average excess, that is, the mean of the numbers of vertices at maximum distance from every vertex.

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20

Shim, Jaeho, and Ym Ram. "Spectral Confonning Model and Its Application." Journal of Vibration and Control 10, no. 6 (June 2004): 837–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546304040427.

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It has been observed that finite elem-ent or finite difference models of order n can approximate with fair accuracy less than one-third of the eigenvalues of the underlying continuous system corresponding to the low spectrum. We present a new spectral conforming discrete model that estimates n the lowest eigenvalues of the continuous system with uniform accuracy. The building block of the model is the fundamental inverse eigenvalue problem of reconstructing the chain of a mass-spring system with a prescribed spectrum. We present applications of the model in vibration control of continuous systems by using small-order spectral conformning models, and spectrum estimation of non-uniform systems.

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21

Shameem, B. M., and V. Anantha Subramanian. "Sea wave modelling for motion control applications." Journal of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering 11, no. 1 (June 22, 2014): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jname.v11i1.17768.

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The modelling of sea environment is important in designing an effective motion control system for any marine vehicle. Inadequate representation of the components of a typical random sea might lead to poor performance of the control system. A multiple output system such as the one having components of wave elevation and slope, facilitates designing the control system taking into account the different degrees of freedom. The method of modelling the sea environment presented here, provides the basis for the design of motion control systems for multiple degree of freedom cases, which give rise to excitation forces and moments acting on the marine vehicle. The method used here models the sea environment using Gaussian white noise and shaping filter to generate a multiple output form of the random sea state. In the first step a given standard wave spectrum is approximated using a rational polynomial, the coefficients of the polynomial are obtained by least square fitting method to best match the spectrum. The established rational polynomial is then decomposed to get the transfer function of the shaping filter. The wave slope spectrum is similarly approximated using the same rational polynomial. The transfer functions of the two components of amplitude and slope, representing the filters are combined to generate a state space form. Using the white noise as input, the state space form obtains the wave elevation and slope as outputs. By performing spectral analysis using Welch method, the quality of the obtained output is checked against the targetted spectrum. The application of the simulated wave slope spectrum in a closed loop state space model is demonstrated as applied to the roll stabilization characteristics of a stationary ship using a passive tank.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jname.v11i1.17768

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22

Huang, Jianhua, Lu Tang, Nan Chen, and Guoping Du. "Broadening the Photoluminescence Excitation Spectral Bandwidth of YVO4:Eu3+ Nanoparticles via a Novel Core-Shell and Hybridization Approach." Materials 12, no. 23 (November 21, 2019): 3830. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12233830.

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For many optoelectronic applications, it is desirable for the lanthanide-doped phosphors to have broad excitation spectrum. The excitation mechanism of the lanthanide-doped YVO4, a high quantum efficient lasing material, primarily originates from the energy transfer process from the host VO43− complexes to the lanthanide ions, which has an excitation spectral bandwidth range of 230–330 nm. For applications in silicon solar cells, such phosphors can convert ultraviolet light to visible light for more efficient power generation, but this spectral range is still not broad enough to cover the entire ultraviolet spectrum of solar light. In this work, a novel core-shell and inorganic–organic hybridization strategy has been employed to fabricate Eu3+-doped YVO4 nanoparticles to broaden their photoluminescence excitation spectral bandwidth to the range of 230–415 nm, covering the entire ultraviolet spectrum of solar light and enabling their potential applications in silicon solar cells.

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23

Li, Xianzhe. "Quantitative reducibility of Gevrey quasi-periodic cocycles and its applications." Nonlinearity 35, no. 12 (October 28, 2022): 6124–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6544/ac98ed.

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Abstract We establish a quantitative version of strong almost reducibility result for S L ( 2 , R ) quasi-periodic cocycle close to a constant in the Gevrey class. We prove that, if the frequency is Diophantine, the long range operator has pure point spectrum with sub-exponentially decaying eigenfunctions for almost all phases; for the one dimensional quasi-periodic Schrödinger operators with small Gevrey potentials, the length of spectral gaps decays sub-exponentially with respect to its labelling; and the spectrum is an interval for discrete Schrödinger operators acting on Z d with small separable potentials.

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24

Georgelin, Y. P., G. Comte, and E. le Coarer. "The PYTHEAS concept and applications." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 149 (1995): 300–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100023204.

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AbstractThe PYTHEAS instrumental concept is an attempt to solve the problem of getting a complete tridimensional coverage of the observed field with a high spectral resolution across a wide spectral range. It is an integral field spectrometer derived from the TIGER spectrograph (field sampling with a microlens array) in which a scanning Fabry-Perot (FP) is introduced. The spectral resolution is given by the F P and the spectral range is that allowed by the grism of TIGER. The information is recorded on the CCD as a set of channeled spectra, for each microlens and each scanning step of the FP. The spectrum of each sampled field element is reconstructed from flux measurement of the Fabry spots defining the channeled spectra.The application ranges of this instrument are reviewed with emphasis on the potential interest in globular cluster studies.

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25

Kelleher, J. K., A. T. Kharroubi, T. A. Aldaghlas, I. B. Shambat, K. A. Kennedy, A. L. Holleran, and T. M. Masterson. "Isotopomer spectral analysis of cholesterol synthesis: applications in human hepatoma cells." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 266, no. 3 (March 1, 1994): E384—E395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1994.266.3.e384.

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Cholesterol synthesis from 13C-labeled precursors produces a discrete spectrum of mass isotopomers detectable using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The isotopomer spectral analysis (ISA) method matches the observed spectrum of cholesterol isotopomers with a mathematical model to obtain the best fit of model spectrum to data spectrum. The model was based on multinomial probability expressions that simulate cholesterol synthesis as a condensation of mevalonate fragments. As many as four unknown parameters, representing fluxes between compartments, were included in the model. Models were developed to assess cholesterol synthesis from 13C-enriched precursors including mevalonate, acetate, acetoacetate or octanoate. Models were tested in the human hepatoma cell line, Hep G2, which readily incorporated the 13C substrates into cholesterol. The ISA approach was used to estimate the fractional amount of the cholesterol precursors derived from the 13C substrate and the fraction of total cellular cholesterol synthesized in the presence of the 13C substrate. The study demonstrated the feasibility of the ISA approach for a condensation biosynthesis that is not a simple polymerization and for models with more than two unknown parameters.

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26

Nandakumar, R., Vijayakumar Ponnusamy, and Aman Kumar Mishra. "LSTM Based Spectrum Prediction for Real-Time Spectrum Access for IoT Applications." Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 35, no. 3 (2023): 2805–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32604/iasc.2023.028645.

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27

Tecchia, Franco. "A Flexible Framework for Wide‐Spectrum VR Development." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 19, no. 4 (August 1, 2010): 302–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/pres_a_00002.

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This paper presents results and experiences coming from 10 years of development and use of XVR, a flexible, general-purpose framework for virtual reality (VR) development. The resulting architecture, that comes under the form of a self-sufficient integrated development environment (IDE) organized around a dedicated scripting language and a virtual machine, is able to accommodate a wide range of applications needs, ranging from simple Web3D applications to motion-based simulators or complex cluster-based immersive visualization systems. Within the framework a common, archetypical structure is used for any application, showing how inhomogeneous needs and technologies can be effectively covered by using a single, rather simple, system organization. We also show how the framework flexibility allows for innovative development techniques such as multiple frameworks coexisting within a single, tightly integrated, VR application.

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Najer, Adrian, Dalin Wu, Daniela Vasquez, Cornelia G. Palivan, and Wolfgang Meier. "Polymer nanocompartments in broad-spectrum medical applications." Nanomedicine 8, no. 3 (March 2013): 425–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/nnm.13.11.

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29

Short, Robert. "Expanding spectrum of clinical applications of cytokines." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 956 (September 1994): 9–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199409560-00017.

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30

Kumar, Basant, Harsh Vikram Singh, Surya Pal Singh, and Anand Mohan. "Secure Spread-Spectrum Watermarking for Telemedicine Applications." Journal of Information Security 02, no. 02 (2011): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jis.2011.22009.

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31

Solari, Giovanni. "Equivalent Wind Spectrum Technique: Theory and Applications." Journal of Structural Engineering 114, no. 6 (June 1988): 1303–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1988)114:6(1303).

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32

Yen, David C., David C. Chou, and J. Michael Tarn. "Applications and development of spread spectrum technology." Technology in Society 22, no. 4 (November 2000): 525–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0160-791x(00)00025-7.

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33

Malliaris, Maryanthe, and Saharon Shelah. "Model-theoretic applications of cofinality spectrum problems." Israel Journal of Mathematics 220, no. 2 (May 8, 2017): 947–1014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11856-017-1526-7.

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34

Sahai, A., S. M. Mishra, R. Tandra, and K. A. Woyach. "Cognitive Radios for Spectrum Sharing [Applications Corner]." IEEE Signal Processing Magazine 26, no. 1 (January 2009): 140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/msp.2008.930435.

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35

Rimon, Uri, Eitan Heldenberg, Gil Golan, Amichai Shinfeld, and Alexander Garniek. "Amplatzer Vascular Plug: Expanding the Applications Spectrum." CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology 31, S2 (April 28, 2007): 84–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00270-007-9042-5.

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Solari, Giovanni. "Thunderstorm response spectrum technique: Theory and applications." Engineering Structures 108 (February 2016): 28–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.11.012.

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37

Greef, R. "Ellipsometry in electrochemistry: a spectrum of applications." Thin Solid Films 233, no. 1-2 (October 1993): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-6090(93)90056-u.

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38

Frougny, Ch, and E. Pelantová. "Two applications of the spectrum of numbers." Acta Mathematica Hungarica 156, no. 2 (August 7, 2018): 391–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10474-018-0856-1.

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39

Zetian, Ye. "Frequency Spectrum Zone Images and Their Applications." National Remote Sensing Bulletin, no. 2 (1993): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.11834/jrs.1993014.

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Wan, Yangyang, Xinyu Fan, and Zuyuan He. "Review on Speckle-Based Spectrum Analyzer." Photonic Sensors 11, no. 2 (March 27, 2021): 187–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13320-021-0628-3.

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AbstractAccurate spectral measurement and wavelength determination are fundamental and vital for many fields. A compact spectrum analyzer with high performance is expected to meet the growing requirements, and speckle-based spectrum analyzer is a potential solution. The basic principle is based on using the random medium to establish a speckle-to-wavelength mapping relationship for spectrum reconstruction. This article introduces current speckle-based spectrum analyzers with different schemes and reviews recent advances in this field. Besides, some applications by using speckle-based spectrum analyzers are also introduced. Finally, the existing challenges and the future prospects of using speckle for spectrum recovery are discussed.

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Oleinik, Phelype Haron, Gabriel Pereira Tavares, Bianca Neves Machado, and Liércio André Isoldi. "Transformation of Water Wave Spectra into Time Series of Surface Elevation." Earth 2, no. 4 (November 22, 2021): 997–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/earth2040059.

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Spectral wave modelling is widely used to simulate large-scale wind–wave processes due to its low computation cost and relatively simpler formulation, in comparison to phase-resolving or hydrodynamic models. However, some applications require a time-domain representation of sea waves. This article proposes a methodology to transform the wave spectrum into a time series of water surface elevation for applications that require a time-domain representation of ocean waves. The proposed method uses a generated phase spectrum and the inverse Fourier transform to turn the wave spectrum into a time series of water surface elevation. The consistency of the methodology is then verified. The results show that it is capable of correctly transforming the wave spectrum, and the significant wave height of the resulting time series is within 5% of that of the input spectrum.

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Arygunartha, Gede Yohanes, and Ni Luh Putri Setyaningsih. "Refraction of Light on Prisma Applications." Agriwar Journal 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/aj.2.1.2022.19-27.

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A prism is a clear object made of glass. Its uses include directing light beams, changing and invertingshadows, and breaking white light into the colors of the spectrum (rainbow colors). The difference in thecolor of the spectrum is caused by the difference in the wavelength and frequency of the constituent rays,so that in the medium these rays have different refractive indices. Assume that the medium around the prismis air. This is called the angle of deviation. The angle of deviation is the angle formed by the intersectionof the extended incident light and the extended refracted light leaving the prism. The light beam that comesto the prism in the direction of ED will be refracted along the line DF and so on out of the prism in thedirection of FG. It is difficult for us to see or mark the red spectrum and the purple spectrum due to theinfluence of light from outside the laboratory, so we need a dark enough room to see the spectrum. Difficultyin determining the direction of the light source so that it coincides with a predetermined normal line, thelight is out of focus (a bit wide).

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Chai, Jinjin, Zilong Wang, and Erzhong Xue. "Walsh spectrum and nega spectrum of complementary arrays." Designs, Codes and Cryptography 89, no. 12 (October 19, 2021): 2663–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10623-021-00938-9.

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Ghabban, Fahad Mahmoud, Mohammed Hajjar, and Saad Alharbi. "Usability Evaluation and User Acceptance of Mobile Applications for Saudi Autistic Children." International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) 15, no. 07 (April 9, 2021): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v15i07.19881.

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<p class="Body">The evolution of mobile technologies in learning, has been increased the requirements for developing appropriate usability model to fall into the same line with mobile learning applications. Usability of mobile learning applications is a topic that is into research, this paper focuses a tailored designed model called (M-UTUAT) mobile usability model that combines People at the Centre of Mobile Application Development (PACMAD) and the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) to form a more robust model. As an addition to the usability research, an application (ICT) was developed for children with speech delays and children diagnosed with autism spectrum. The application is a mobile/tablet-based application that developed according to mobile usability measures to get the maximum learning skills and abilities to help autistic children. It has been designed according to the needs of the children specific to their category and skills. The autism spectrum is a broad spectrum with high and low disabilities. The application consists of both visual and audio aids to help children feel comfortable and associate objects more easily with their original meaning and connections. (PECS) is one of the most common techniques that have been clinically proven to be effective in such cases. This application helped an individual with autism spectrum as well as children with speech delays or disabilities to communicate and correlate faster and easily. The application can help so many families by constructing a more communicative path for people with disabilities. The application is innovative that it developed in the Arabic language to serve Arabic learners as most of the autistic applications available serve English learners. Results gathered after questionnaire highlight the usability issues with the (ICT) application. We developed an app to overcome usability issues.</p>

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Saadi, Muhammad, and Lunchakorn Wuttisittikulkij. "Visible Light Communication – The Journey So Far." Journal of Optical Communications 40, no. 4 (October 25, 2019): 447–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joc-2017-0107.

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Abstract An unprecedented demand for connecting physical objects with the internet expedites the realization of internet of things, thus creating new challenges to explore new spectrums which are suitable for communication. Visible light communication (VLC) is one promising candidate not only to remove the spectrum crunch issues but also to offer virtually unlimited, unregulated spectrum. This paper discusses how VLC can help solving spectrum crunch, non-availability issues of radio frequency spectrum and how readily available spectrum of VLC can be utilized to cope up with the bandwidth requirements of next-generation networks. Furthermore, this paper also lists the technological innovations in the area of VLC from early days till present and its possible applications in various domains.

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Shi, Yan Li, Chun Mei Du, Lin Ren, and Hai Xia Yu. "Research on the Existence Detection of DSSS Signal Based on Auto-Correlation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (February 2014): 2963–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.2963.

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In practical applications, the DSSS signal has very low power spectral density, and its application range is very wide, so in the non cooperative communication, if on the premise that the spread spectrum sequence is unaware, how to detect and estimate the existence of DSSS signal is very important, this has very strong application background. This paper introduces the time domain correlation detection method of DSSS signal, through the simulation can validate that this way can detect the existence of signal; it lays the theoretical foundation for practical application.

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Zhou, Minghao, and Rongying Dai. "Study on Characteristic Raman Shift Screening Method Based on MPA for Raman Spectrum of Mine Water Inrush Source." Scientific Programming 2022 (August 23, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5202265.

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In the process of mine water inrush disaster prevention, accurate and rapid identification of water inrush source type is of great significance to coal mine safety production. However, traditional hydrochemical methods have shortcomings such as time-consuming and complex detection. Therefore, a new idea of identifying mine water inrush source by Raman spectroscopy is proposed. Goaf water, roof sandstone fissure water, Ordovician limestone water, Taiyuan limestone water, and surface water as well as their mixed water samples are selected as research objects, and Raman spectral data of different water samples are collected by the Raman spectroscopy system. To eliminate the influence of laser power fluctuation and spectrometer system noise in Raman spectrum acquisition, detrend correction (DC), multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), standard normal variate transformation (SNV), first derivative (FD), and mean centering (MC) were used to preprocess the raw Raman spectra. Due to the large dimension and long analysis time of Raman spectrum data, the marine predator algorithm (MPA) is used to screen the characteristic Raman shifts of the Raman spectrum of water samples, and the characteristic Raman shift information that can best characterize the mine water samples is obtained. Finally, to verify the feasibility of MPA screening the characteristic Raman shifts of Raman spectrum of mine water inrush source, the selected characteristic Raman displacement information is used as input to construct BP neural network (BP), k-nearest neighbor algorithm (KNN), support vector machine (SVM), and decision tree (DT) classification models, respectively. Experiments show that SNV has the best preprocessing effect on the raw Raman spectrum, which can effectively eliminate part of the noise in the Raman spectrum data and improve the accuracy of Raman spectrum identification. Using MPA, 226 characteristic Raman shifts can be screened from 2048 Raman data points, reducing the number of Raman shifts to 11.04%, and the modeling accuracy of characteristic Raman shift information screened by MPA is higher than that of full Raman data. In addition, the average analysis speed of BP, KNN, SVM, and DT water source identification models is 7.61 times faster than that of all Raman data. The results show that MPA is adopted to screen the characteristic Raman displacement of mine water source Raman spectrum, which can effectively reduce the redundancy of Raman spectral data and greatly improve the speed of Raman spectral analysis, which is of great significance to ensure the real-time detection of the mine water source.

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Li, Jing, Wenjiang Tan, Jinhai Si, Zhen Kang, and Xun Hou. "Generation of Ultrabroad and Intense Supercontinuum in Mixed Multiple Thin Plates." Photonics 8, no. 8 (August 3, 2021): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8080311.

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Supercontinuum (SC) generation using multiple thin plates is demonstrated with a femtosecond laser pulse. We propose an improved technique to obtain larger spectrum broadening and higher spectral intensity by employing mixed multiple thin plates with different thicknesses and materials. Furthermore, the spectrum has good stability, which is superior to that of the spectrum induced by the traditional single filament in bulk material. Our approach offers a route towards simple and stable SC generation for potential applications.

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Nuroldayeva, Gulzat, and Mannix P. Balanay. "Flexing the Spectrum: Advancements and Prospects of Flexible Electrochromic Materials." Polymers 15, no. 13 (July 1, 2023): 2924. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15132924.

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The application potential of flexible electrochromic materials for wearable devices, smart textiles, flexible displays, electronic paper, and implantable biomedical devices is enormous. These materials offer the advantages of conformability and mechanical robustness, making them highly desirable for these applications. In this review, we comprehensively examine the field of flexible electrochromic materials, covering topics such as synthesis methods, structure design, electrochromic mechanisms, and current applications. We also address the challenges associated with achieving flexibility in electrochromic materials and discuss strategies to overcome them. By shedding light on these challenges and proposing solutions, we aim to advance the development of flexible electrochromic materials. We also highlight recent advances in the field and present promising directions for future research. We intend to stimulate further innovation and development in this rapidly evolving field and encourage researchers to explore new opportunities and applications for flexible electrochromic materials. Through this review, readers can gain a comprehensive understanding of the synthesis, design, mechanisms, and applications of flexible electrochromic materials. It serves as a valuable resource for researchers and industry professionals looking to harness the potential of these materials for various technological applications.

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Angrisani, Leopoldo, Domenico Capriglione, Gianni Cerro, Luigi Ferrigno, and Gianfranco Miele. "On Employing a Savitzky-Golay Filtering Stage to Improve Performance of Spectrum Sensing in CR Applications Concerning VDSA Approach." Metrology and Measurement Systems 23, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 295–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mms-2016-0019.

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Abstract In this paper, a filtering stage based on employing a Savitzky-Golay (SG) filter is proposed to be used in the spectrum sensing phase of a Cognitive Radio (CR) communication paradigm for Vehicular Dynamic Spectrum Access (VDSA). It is used to smooth the acquired spectra, which constitute the input for a spectrum sensing algorithm. The sensing phase is necessary, since VDSA is based on an opportunistic approach to the spectral resource, and the opportunities are represented by the user-free spectrum zones, to be detected through the sensing phase. Each filter typology presents peculiarities in terms of its computational cost, de-noising ability and signal shape reconstruction. The SG filtering properties are compared with those of the linear Moving Average (MA) filter, widely used in the CR framework. Important improvements are proposed.

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