Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Spectroscopie THz résolue en temps'
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Bigourd, Damien. "Etude et détection de polluants atmosphérique dans le domaine THz." Littoral, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DUNK0152.
Full textTerahertz or Far Infrared radiation extends from 100 GHz to 10 THz. This frequency range was considered to be a “spectral gap” due to the considerable technological difficulties in producing a tunable source with reasonable emission powers. Two THz spectrometers have been developed and exploited. The first uses THz pulses and is based on Time Domain Spectroscopy. It is capable of providing a spectrum which extends from few GHz to 1,2 THz within few minutes and has a spectral resolution in the order of few GHz. The second instrument generates continous wave THz photomixing and can reach up to 3 THz with a spectral purity of 5 MHz. After presenting the analytical descriptions and experimentally characterizations of the instruments, we focus on the monitoring and detection of atmospheric pollutants, illustrated by the analysis of cigarette smoke which represents an example of hostile medium. This study reveals the presences of the hydrogen cyanide (HCN), carbon monoxideee (CO) and formaldehyde (H2CO) and allows their concentrations to be measured. This analysis is verified by comparison with standard chemichal methods. The fundamental part of this work is the study of the gas response after a subpicosecond excitation : the free induction decay of carbonyl sulphide that consists of a series of uniformly spaced subpicosecond commensurate transients. A theoretical model is used to understand the classical phenomena. The quasi exponential decrease of the reemitted pulses is linked to the spectral with of the rotational transition while the anharmonicity influences the pulse shape due to the propagation, dispersion and centrifugal distorsion
Bigourd, Damien. "Etude et détection de polluants atmosphériques dans le domaine THz." Phd thesis, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00120948.
Full textpartie du spectre électromagnétique est encore peu exploitée et a souvent été qualifiée de "gap spectral" en raison des nombreuses difficultés à émettre ce rayonnement à des puissances exploitables. Deux spectromètres dans la gamme THz ont été développés et exploités. Le premier, basé sur la spectroscopie résolue en temps, utilise des impulsions THz et permet d'obtenir un spectre de quelques GHz à 1,2 THz en quelques minutes avec une résolution de l'ordre du GHz. Le second est un spectromètre continu basé sur le photomélange avec
une extension spectrale de 3 THz et une pureté spectrale de 5 MHz. Après des descriptions analytiques et des caractérisations expérimentales des dispositifs, nous nous sommes intéressés à l'étude, à la surveillance et à la détection des polluants atmosphériques dans l'infrarouge lointain en exploitant les deux instruments pour l'analyse de la fumée de cigarette qui représente un excellent exemple de milieu hostile. Cette étude révèle la présence d'acide cyanhydrique (HCN), de monoxyde de carbone (CO), et de formaldéhyde (H2CO). Les concentrations de ces espèces ont été déduites des formes de raies puis confirmées et comparées à des
mesures par méthodes chimiques. La partie fondamentale de ce travail est d'étudier la réponse d'un gaz suite à une excitation subpicoseconde : les signaux de précession libre dans le sulfure de carbonyle (OCS) qui consiste en une série d'impulsions transitoires. Un modèle théorique permet d'interpréter classiquement ces impulsions réémises. La décroissance quasi exponentielle des impulsions transitoires est liée à la largeur de raie des transitions de rotation et les informations d'anharmonicité sont observées sur les formes de ces
impulsions qui sont principalement dues à la propagation, à la dispersion et à la distorsion centrifuge.
Hawecker, Jacques. "Terahertz time resolved spectroscopy of Intersubband Polaritons and Spintronic Emitters." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS101.
Full textThe terahertz (THz) domain provides a rich playground for many practical and fundamental applications, where the low energy of THz photons permits to probe novel light-matter interactions. This work investigates two recent and emerging scientific areas where ultrafast THz spectroscopy can be used as a probe of fundamental phenomena, as well as potentially enabling the conception of new THz sources. In the first case, ultrafast THz spintronics are studied where ultrafast excitations of spintronic heterojunctions result in efficient pulse generation. These structures consist of nanometer thick ferromagnetic - heavy metal junctions, where an optically generated spin-charge in the former is converted to a charge-current in the latter via the Inverse Spin Hall Effect. Beyond these metal-based junctions, ultrafast THz spintronics based on “quantum” materials is also investigated, where THz pulses are generated using quantum phenomena such as the Inverse Edelstein Effect in Topological Insulators, shown to be a promising research direction. The second subject area is focused on THz intersubband polaritons, quasi-particles that emerge from the strong light-matter coupling of a THz photonic cavity and an intersubband transition. Here we are interested in the bosonic nature of the intersubband polaritons, as a long-term aim of realizing a novel THz laser based on Bose-Einstein condensation. In this work, we investigate resonant narrowband pumping of a polariton branch and probe using spectrally broad THz pulses. This shows strong indications of nonlinear effects and potential signatures of scattering processes that could eventually lead to the demonstration of THz polaritonic gain. Finally, to support our work in the above subject areas, technological developments were made in existing THz sources. This included high power THz photoconductive switches using cavities, which permitted the first demonstrations of real time THz imaging with such devices, and high power THz quantum cascade lasers as narrowband laser pumps
Pawlowska, Zuzanna. "The photophysics of pyridinium betaines studied by ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy : focus on the photoinduced intramolecular charge transfer process." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10029/document.
Full textThis work deals with the photophysics, in solution, of Pyridinium betaine, 2-Pyridin-1-yl-1H-benzimidazole (SBPa), and two derivatives substituted by mono- or bi-thiophene groups. It is based on a combination of steady-state and time-resolved absorption spectroscopic measurements, supported by PCM-(TD)DFT calculations. SBPa was found to undergo ultrafast intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) upon light excitation, with a drastic change in dipole moment. Stationary absorption and emission as well as TDDFT results revealed a strongly solvatochromic CT absorption due to a S0→S2(CT) transition and a non-solvatochromic emission due to S1→S0 transition. Comprehensive band shape analysis and innovative solvatochromic data treatment considering protic and aprotic solvents separately led to a detailed knowledge of the solvent effects and allowed estimating four relevant dipole moments. From extensive femtosecond transient absorption experiments, the overall photophysics of SBPa could be discussed in terms of two distinct CT states and a complete photophysical scheme was proposed: a subpicosecond ICT process occurs from the initially populated S2(CT) state to a charge transfer S1(CT) state, in parallel to the ultrafast production (t<150 fs) of the emissive S1 state that is different from the S1(CT) state. Examining solvent effects, we found that the ICT process arises in the Marcus inverted region and is purely solvent controlled in aprotic media
Smortsova, Yevheniia. "Dye sensitized solar cells efficiency improvement : optimization of the electrolyte using ionic liquids/molecular solvents mixture and study of the photodynamic properties of organic indolinic derivative dyes." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1R061/document.
Full textAmong all the renewable energy sources, solar energy is the most powerful source far ahead wind or geothermal energies. The first key component of DSSCs is the photosensitizer. It is through this component that the most important steps of photocurrent generation are possible. On the other hand, ionic liquids (ILs) have been proposed as electrolyte for DSSCs due to their peculiar properties: low vapor pressure, high thermal and chemical robustness, tunability of polarity and phase behaviour etc. The objective of this thesis was to get an understanding of the photophysics in the indoline derivated dyes in molecular solvents (MS) and in the IL/MS mixtures. Firstly, the solvent dependence of the spectroscopic properties of D131, D102, D149 and D205 was studied by the steady-state UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. Then, time-resolved spectroscopy was used to elucidate their photophysics and its solvent dependence. These experiments helped to discern the influence of the hydrogen bond donor and acceptor abilities of the solvent. The solvation dynamics was shown to play a major role in the excited state dynamics of these dyes. This process in IL/MS mixtures was elucidated using the classic fluorescent probe C153 by the means of time-resolved spectroscopy and MD simulations. The complex multi-regime solvation response in these systems was shown to be shaped by the strengthening of the hydrogen bonding between the probe and the mixture components. The results of this thesis work contribute to the fundamental understanding of the photodynamics of the sensitizer and the response of the electrolyte used in the DSSCs
Fotso, Gueutue Eric Stéphane. "Spectroscopie Raman résolue en temps pour les hautes températures." Thesis, Orléans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ORLE2023/document.
Full textThis work presents the optimization of a time-resolved Raman spectroscopy device dedicated to very high temperatures. This device meets the ever-increasing need to study in real time phase transformations and reaction kinetics in extreme environments. This device has been validated under working conditions on oxides (Gd₂O3, Y₂O3, ZrO₂ , ZrSiO4 et CeO₂) and nitrides (h-BN). The potentialities of the device have enabled the main technological and instrumental locks that limit the use of high temperature Raman spectroscopy to be removed. The three main highlights illustrating the innovative nature of this work are as follows. The first corresponds to the new world record for high temperature Raman analysis through the acquisition of the E₂g mode of h-BN up to 2700°C.A comparison of the performance of the two Pockels and ICCD channels shows that the Pockels channel is more efficient than the ICCD, but more difficult to implement. The second important fact concerns the other applications of time-resolved Raman, as to separate the contribution of Raman scattering and luminescence. The last application presents the study of the comparative time dependence of resonant and non-resonant Raman scattering. The resonant Raman is triggered systematically before the non-resonant. More generally, the interest of time-resolved Raman methods opens new fields of application in the characterization of materials in extreme conditions, possibly in situ: aeronautics, refractories, steel industry, nuclear, etc
Antonucci, Laura. "Spectroscopie résolue en temps de la femtoseconde à la milliseconde." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2014. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01094630v2/document.
Full textThe aim of the work was the development of a time-resolved pump-probe measurement system allowing temporal scanning from femtosecond to millisecond time scale. An original method for asynchronous optical sampling, named AD-ASOPS, was developed, patented, and is now undergoing the industrialization phase. The method can be applied to couples of lasers oscillating at arbitrary repetition rates, which is a novelty and opens up many experimental possibilities. Two specific set-ups were realized in the case of laser oscillators (MHz AD-ASOPS) or in the case of amplified laser systems (kHz AD-ASOPS). A feasibility study confirmed many application possibilities. Different tests were performed for a complete characterization and demonstrated a sub-picosecond time resolution of about 400 fs for temporal sampling windows only limited by the period of the pump laser. The implementation flexibility related to AD-ASOPS allowed a pump-probe experiment on biological samples (reaction centre of Rhodobacter Sphaeroides), by using a conventional Ti:Sapphire oscillator at 74. 5 MHz as probe and a CPO oscillator at 5. 1 MHz as pump. The multi-scale dynamics for returning to the fundamental state, from picoseconds to about fifty nanoseconds, could be recorded into only a few minutes of acquisition time with one test bench. The results are in agreement with the literature. Finally, a demonstration experiment of the kHz AD-ASOPS version was performed with two amplified laser systems, by comparison with Fourier transform spectral interferometry. A sub-picosecond time resolution was confirmed over 1 millisecond temporal window
Kaszub, Wawrzyniec. "Photo-induced phase transitions in molecular materials." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1S030.
Full textL'objectif principal de ce travail de thèse de doctorat est l'étude de transformations photo-induites par un pulse laser dans des matériaux moléculaires. Les résultats ont été obtenus grâce à l'utilisation de techniques optiques pompe-sonde. Ceci a nécessité des développements expérimentaux innovants, incluant des premières tentatives de techniques « single shot ». Dans un matériau à transition de spin, où la lumière peut induire la commutation d'un état non magnétique à un état magnétique, nous avons pu suivre pour la première fois la dynamique de la transformation sur plusieurs ordres de grandeurs en temps, de 100 femtosesecondes à la milliseconde. Ceci a permis de montrer que le processus se produit en plusieurs étapes successives, de l'échelle de la molécule à celle du matériau. Un composé organique à transfert de charge, qui présente une transition métal-isolant, a aussi été étudié. Une dynamique mettant en jeu plusieurs modes de phonons optiques cohérents a clairement été observée. Le comportement en fonction de l'intensité du pulse laser et de la température permet de conclure que l'état photo-induit à partir de la phase isolant diffère de la phase métallique observée à l'équilibre thermique. La mise en place du nouveau montage optique « single shot » va permettre d'observer des changements d'état irréversible, comme dans un régime d'hystérèse. Ce montage a été testé en observant le comportement non thermique d'une couche mince d'or
Hua, Ying. "Structures auto-assemblées de guanines étudiées par spectroscopie optique résolue en temps." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00873695.
Full textRenault, Christophe. "Spectroélectrochimie résolue en temps de biomolécules sur électrode poreuse transparente nanostructurée." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077173.
Full textEnzymes and biomimetic complexes are able to catalyze efficiently a large variety of chemical reactions nevertheless they generally involve complicated mechanisms. To study these latter we developed a new time-resolved spectroelectrochemical technique where the redox probe is immobilized in a more or less conductive porous inorganic film but still transparent in the visible range. First we used TiO₂ semiconductive films deposited by sol gel chemistry (EISA) and characterized by a highly organized mesoporsity. By the mean of chronoamperometric and cyclic voltamétrie experiments coupled to real time UV-visible absorbance monitoring, we evidenced and characterized the different charge transport and charge transfer process that cause the oxidation/reduction of two iron porphyrines and one hemoprotein adsorbed in the porous TiO₂electrode. Thanks to a physical deposition technique we also disposed of conductive transparent electrodes of indium tin oxide characterized by a well structured macroporosity. We studied the conduction of this second type of electrode and the thermodynamic/kinetic of electron transfer with an iron porphyrin, a flavin and two hemoprotein adsorbed in the porous ITO electrode. We also confirmed the possibility to perform other types of spectroscopies in the visible range such as resonant Raman for hemes. Finally we demonstrated a time resolution of about 10 ms for the porous ITO electrodes
Montcel, Bruno. "Tomographie optique diffuse résolue en temps : Applications fonctionnelles en neurosciences." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00125499.
Full textZint, Chantal-Virginie. "Tomographie optique proche infrarouge, résolue en temps, des milieux diffusants." Strasbourg 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13161.
Full textThis document describes the design, realisation and characterisation of a time-resolved optical tomograph, using a femtosecond laser and a synchroscan streak camera. A study on cylindrical phantoms scattering the light has been carried out. Various mechanical scannings of these phantoms have been tested in order to de-tect the scattered light by transmission. A method making profitable the dimension of the slit to present the detection angle of the photons is also depicted. The setup performances are described in terms of temporal resolution, examination depth and acquisition time. Temporal profiles of photons detected thanks to this experimental arrangement have been used to produce both absorption phantoms' images and reduced scattering phantoms' images. Concerning the resolution of the direct problem, the algorithms used are based on the finite element method, while the resolution of the inverse problem, which is similar to an optimisation problem, re-quires an algebraic reconstruction technique. According to the methodology used, more absorbing and/or more scattering inclusions embedded in a phantom have been detected, based on the parameters mean time and integral intensity issued of the measured temporal profiles. With this tomograph, it is possible to measure mean times and integral intensities with an accuracy of ±3%, for a signals' acquisi-tion time higher than 10 minutes; this is only available if the scattering phantoms have a diameter lower than 4cm and a width of temporal point spread function lower than 3,5ns
Harmand, Marion. "Spectroscopie d'absorption X résolue en temps pour l'étude de la matière dense et tiède." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00720159.
Full textDe, Anda Villa Manuel. "Dynamique structurelle induite par laser ultrabref sondée par spectroscopie des photoélectrons résolue en temps." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS193.
Full textThis work aims to study the lattice structural dynamics of metals under laser femtosecond excitation using time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (Tr-PES). When irradiated by short infrared laser pulses, the thermal out-of-equilibrium state established between hot electrons and a cold lattice rises specific dynamics where the thermodynamic properties of matter are still subject to debate. The theoretical description of highly excited materials is difficult and appeals new experimental results to improve the understanding of these physical processes and material properties. Nonetheless, important challenges arise from the use of Tr-PES. When metals are irradiated with strong femtosecond infrared laser pulses, non-linear effects, like multiphoton ionization, can take place and produce photoelectrons with tenths of eV of kinetic energy. This pump photoelectron background can conceal the probe-induced photoelectron spectrum, and perturb the probe spectrum via Coulomb interactions (called space-charge effect). To overcome these challenges three actions were carried out. We designed and built a 100 eV beamline to avoid the superposition between the pump background and the probe photoelectron spectrum. The pump/probe space-charge effect was extensively studied theoretically and experimentally. Finally, the pump photoemission was greatly reduced in our experiments by carefully tuning the experimental parameters. This led us to perform Tr-PES measurements on copper samples of the lattice structural dynamics following the evolution of the photoelectron spectrum. The experiment constituted a proof-of-principle of the Tr-PES technique to study materials under strong excitation
Mokhtari, Ahmed-El-Amine. "Spectroscopie non linéaire résolue en temps à l'échelle femtoseconde dans des molécules de colorant." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112199.
Full textAzzimani, Abderrachid. "Etude de la transition vitreuse de la m-toluidine par spectroscopie résolue dans le temps." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066004.
Full textMangot, Laureen. "Spectroscopie ultra-rapide de l'activité optique de molécules chirales." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6214.
Full textThis work is concerned with the measurement of time resolved circular dichroism to follow ultrafast structure changes on chiral molecules. We have developed a unique system which allows measuring optical rotary dispersion and circular dichroism, by coupling a pump-probe and an ellipsometric experiment. The pump induces variations in optical activity whereas the probe measures these changes using an achromatic quarter wave plate and two crossed glan polarizers. Our set-up allow to measure steady and transient electronic states of chiral molecules. We have tested this set-up by analysing steady and time resolved optical activity of the two enantiomers of a model chiral molecule, the Ruthenium tris(bipyridyl)
Amir, Wafa. "Spectroscopie infrarouge résolue en temps pour l'étude de la dynamique femtoseconde du proton en phase liquide." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2003. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000700.
Full textLobato, Laura. "Dynamique interne des protéines senseurs à base d'héme étudiée par spectroscopie optique avancée résolue en temps." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00866894.
Full textSoroushian, Behrouz. "Solvatation de l'électron dans l'éthylène glycol : étude par spectroscopie d'absorption résolue en temps à l'échelle femtoseconde." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112263.
Full textBecause of its relatively high viscosity, analogy of the molecule with those of water and methanol and because of having two OH-groups, the ethylene glycol is an interesting media for studying solvation mechanisms of electron. A pomp-probe setup for transient absorption spectroscopy was realised and allowed the spectral measurements over a range of 400 to 750 nm. The solvated electrons were produced in the solvent using a pomp pulse at 263 nm. Time dependent evolution of the sample's absorption spectra show a fast localisation of the ejected electrons by its molecules. The overall evolution of the absorption spectra was described firstly by a model considering discrete transformations between three electron states: quasi-free, presolvated and solvated. In a second model we supposed that after discrete transformation of the quasi-free electron to the presolvated electron, this entity is continuously relaxed to the solvated electron in its equilibrium state. Geminate recombination of the solvated electrons in the ethylene glycol is studied and the coefficient of mutual diffusion and initial separation distance between the ejected electrons and their geminate counterparts are determined. We were studied reactions of the solvated electrons and the silver ions. The photlysis experiments made us able to study dependencies of the reaction rate constant to the distance between reactants
Boueri, Myriam. "Laser-induced plasma on polymeric materials and applications for the discrimination and identification of plastics." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00733833.
Full textLocoge, Nadine. "Étude de quelques intermédiaires réactionnels d'un composé alpha-dicarbonyle, le benzile, par spectrométrie Raman de résonance résolue dans le temps." Lille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL10013.
Full textPersuy, Déborah. "Nanoscopie résolue en temps : étude de la réponse spatiale et temporelle pour l'imagerie ultra-rapide." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAE016/document.
Full textThis work focuses on developing and modelling far-field spectroscopic methods that couple spatial and time resolutions by using beam-shaping. In a first part, we demonstrate, theoretically and experimentally, that generating a signal in a four-wave mixing experiment performed with Laguerre-Gauss beams, implies the conservation of the total charge of the orbital momentum. We show that this specificity can be used to perform experiments with collinear beams in order to improve spatial resolution. In a second part, we present a time- and spatially-resolved pump-probe technique of our own design: time-resolved imaging is obtained by the interferometric detection of variations in the refraction index of a material, undergone by a wide probe and induced by a diffraction-limited pump-pulse. Improving such an experiment set-up with a spatially-modulated pump-pulse should enable, thanks to the beating between spatial frequencies of sample inhomogeneities and the excitation spatial-modulation, to increase spatial resolution go the Rayleigh criterion
Kaghat, Fahd. "Profils des transitions millimétriques : analyse par spectroscopie résolue en temps du rétrécissement et de l'asymétrie liés à la distribution des vitesses moléculaires." Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10107.
Full textPadilla, Ybarra Juan José. "Biopsie optique par spectroscopie de fluorescence des tissus vivants : spectroscopie UV, microspectroscopie, spectroscopie résolue dans le temps : conception instrumentale, traitement automatique du signal et modélisation." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPL124N.
Full textJonin, Christian. "Etude de l'excimère de xénon Xe2* : calculs semi-empiriques et spectroscopie résolue en temps des états excités." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10301.
Full textSoreau, Marc. "Étude du mécanisme de photodégradation de sensibilisateurs de photoresists positifs par spectroscopie laser résolue dans le temps." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112169.
Full textRamstein, Stéphane. "Spectroscopie résolue en temps par laser blanc femtoseconde pour l'exploration fonctionnelle in vivo du métabolisme énergétique cérébral." Saint-Etienne, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STET4017.
Full textThe main tissue endogen chromophores are the chemical carriers of hydrogen and oxygen/electron. In the visible and infrared spectral window, where the light is strongly penetrating, the first carriers are accessible with fluorescence spectroscopy and the second with absorption spectroscopy. The purpose is the realization of the in vivo non invasive measurement of metabolism indexes by absorption spectroscopy of oxy- and deoxy- hemoglobin. The works are based on the development of an new ultrashort device in biophotonic and the construction of a mathematical representation of probed tissues. The experimental approach couples a kilohertz white laser transillumination with a single shot streak camera in single photo-electron counting mode. It allows the analyze of the absorption coefficient and reduced scattering coefficient on a broad spectral window (180 nm), without scanning. The spectroscope for scattering media is validated in vitro into dye added milk solutions and validated in vivo into the laboratory rat and into the Zebra finch songbird. The measurements show the ability of the apparatus to realize temporal follow of metabolism indexes during biological events as normoxic hypercapnia. In order to link optical coefficients to relevant physiological parameters, the study of the three dimension distribution of tissue absorbers is necessary. The cortical angioarchitecture is realized for the rat. The first results show the necessity to take into account this "space-filling" organization for optical coefficients interpretation, notably by means of mathematical theory of homogenization
Aoudé, Ouloum. "Etude des propriétes excitoniques de GaN par spectroscopies continue et résolue en temps à l'échelle de la femtoseconde." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00688782.
Full textBlandin, Patrick. "Utilisation de la fluorescence résolue en temps pour l'étude des protéines : application à des neurotoxines de venin de serpent." Paris 11, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA112357.
Full textRochet, Amélie. "Caractérisation structurale de catalyseurs hétérogènes en conditions de fonctionnement par spectroscopie d'absorption des rayons X résolue dans le temps." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00756909.
Full textZheng, Wan Quan. "Étude par spectroscopie C. A. R. S. Résolue dans le temps de la dynamique des états vibrationnels en phase dense." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112144.
Full textSéguin, Etienne. "Spectroscopie infrarouge à haute résolution en temps pour l'étude de la catalyse hétérogène." Caen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CAEN2024.
Full textThis work aimed at using new high time resolved features in commercial FT-IR spectrometers for studying heterogeneous catalysis. Depending on the time domain considered, three main topics were addressed, and three different types of studies were performed on heterogeneous catalysts. Diffusion of gases and complex adsorbed mixtures on solids with multiple adsorption sites can be studied with 2D-Pressure Jump of Adsorbed Species-IR (2D-PJAS-IR). The technique and set up were improved for working at high time resolution (µs) with step scan spectroscopy. The experimental setup was validated on gas phase dimerisation of carboxylic acids, and allowed estimation of reaction speed constants. It was also applied to benzene adsorption on dealuminated Y zeolites, and confirmed a new model for acid sites in these solids. The second step was the design of a micro-wave controlled reactor for IR operando studies. Operated at 5. 8GHz, it allows a fast heating of the catalytic system under reactant gas flow, and was applied for the detection of reaction intermediates in nitrogen dioxide reduction by methane. Last, a femtosecond laser was coupled with a 33ns resolved step scan FTIR spectrometer for studying fast kinetics in surface reactions on powder catalysts, leading to the first detection of a 2µs lasting intermediate in deNOx reaction on alumina supported silver catalyst, and to the determination of the reaction mechanism
Boucher, Yann. "Propriétés optiques d'empilements multicouches de semi-conducteurs GaAs/AlGaAs : application à l'étude de microcavités laser à émission surfacique." Paris 11, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA112284.
Full textRoche, Claudia. "Réalisation d'une expérience de double résonance Raman-Infrarouge résolue dans le temps. Application à l'étude des transferts collisionnels de vibration et de rotation dans le dioxyde de carbone." Dijon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994DIJOS060.
Full textBlanchet, Valérie. "Spectroscopie femtoseconde et contrôle cohérent dans le Césium atomique et le dimère de Césium." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30172.
Full textGaret, Frédéric. "Génération optoélectronique d'impulsions électromagnétiques ultra-courtes : application à la spectroscopie THz." Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG0175.
Full textRouxel, Jérémy. "A rigorous multipolar framework for nanoparticles optical properties description : theory and experiments." Thesis, Troyes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TROY0013/document.
Full textUsing metallic nanoparticles with a threefold symmetry thorough the study, the impact of the symmetry on the nonlinear properties is investigated. Interpretations of polarization-resolved SHG experiments indicate the importance of multipolar resonances, in particular quadrupole and octupole, to explain the strong values of the nonlinear susceptibilities in such systems. A fully irreducible formalism is then developed to treat extended objects like nanoparticles. In this formalism, the nonlinear response tensor is a discrete set of values easily constrained by symmetries instead of a field. This formalism permits to describe simply linear and nonlinear optical response from nanoparticles. Finally, time-domain experiments are conducted with the aim to connect spatial and spectral properties. These experiments allow to interpret the spectra in terms of eigenmodes
Piron, Vianney. "Spectroscopie optique résolue en temps et en fréquence de structures tissulaires homogènes et hétérogènes : modélisation et simulation par la méthode des éléments finis : application au diagnostic médical." Paris, ENSAM, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENAM0056.
Full textThe need to find noninvasive methods more efficient than the current methods for breast cancer detection has improved the development of near infrared spectroscopy last years. Because of the low absorption of tissue structures in this wavelengths range, it offers the possibility of studying tissue characteristics just observing the propagation of a laser wave as the one of a light source scattered by the particles composing the medium. The diffused photons obey the diffusion equation. In this study, a model based on the finite element method is computed in order to model the propagation of light in the generally used tissue geometries. This model allows, on the one hand, to investigate the detection of disturbing structures included within the slab of thickness d, and, on the other hand, to characterize some physiological parameters by determining the optical properties of semi-infinite bilayered structures. Two detection methods are proposed: a time-gated method, and a frequency domain method. These two techniques, taking into account noise dependence, offer possibilities of lateral detection of about 0. 12d. A depth discrimination method is also proposed. This one rests on functions revealed by means of the photons mean time of flight. In the case of a bi-layered medium, the fat layer thickness influences the measured absorption coefficient mua of the muscle layer. A law to express mua according to the adipose tissue thickness is given for realistic muscular structures. This work leads to comfort the establishment of noninvasive methods in the field of biomedical technologies
Sénès, Mathieu. "Dynamique de spin des excitons neutres ou chargés dans les boîtes quantiques InAs/GaAs." Toulouse, INSA, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ISAT0014.
Full textWe have investigated the carriers spin dynamics in neutral, N-doped and P-doped self-organized InAs/GaAs quantum dots. In time resolved photoluminescence experiments, we have observed quantum beats of the neutral exciton spin, allowing us to mesure the energy splitting between exciton eigenstates. In a longitudinal magnetic field, we have determined the Lande g factor of the quatum dots excitons. We have also studied spin dynamics in negatively doped quantum dots. Independent of the number of doping electrons in the dot, we observe a luminescence with a circular polarisation opposite to the excitating laser. We propose a model based on the anisotropic exchange interaction between electrons and holes to explain this result. We also demonstrate that it is possible to manipulate the doping electron spin with non resonant optical excitations. We have performed polarisation resolved experiments on positively charged quantum dot samples, and we have confirmed the electron spin relaxation quenching under strictly resonant excitation. Under non resonant excitation, the observed spin dynamics in P-doped quantum dots can be explained with the flip-flop mechanism, dominant in N-doped quantum dots
Herbin, Hervé. "Spectroscopie sélective de TiCl et NO : détection infrarouge ultrasensible de N2O et N2." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112279.
Full textThis PhD thesis deals with the application of recent high resolution spectroscopic methods that are either selective or ultrasensitive. Spectroscopic parameters of stable and transient molecular species, difficult to reach otherwise, are determined. First, selective Fourier transform spectroscopy is used to characterize TiCl4/He and N2O/He plasmas. The spectrum of the whole emission of a plasma and spectra, which select a given class of molecules (for instance short-lived or ions) are simultaneously recorded. In particular, the rovibronic transition X - C of the 48Ti35Cl radical is observed around 3 µm. Its analysis has shown a very weak perturbation, which affects the C 4D1/2 state. Moreover, selective spectra of a N2O/He plasma, expected to only retain the ion lines, have revealed NO rovibronic transitions between the A, C, D and E Rydberg states. Under specific experimental conditions, a Doppler shift of the NO transitions, similar to the one of a positive ion, is observed. An interpretation of this unexpected phenomenon, highlighted for the first time for a neutral molecule, is proposed. Second, spectra with absorption lengths of several tens kilometers are recorded by coupling intracavity laser absorption spectroscopy (ICLAS) and time-resolved Fourier transform spectroscopy (TRFTS). Two different experiments have make it possible to probe, with high sensitivity, relatively wide infrared spectral ranges. Around 2. 5 µm, lots of weak intensity rovibrational transitions of the atmospherically relevant molecule N2O are identified and analysed. Unstable species created in a N2/He plasma are also detected for the first time around 1. 05 µm
Gueye, Fatou Ka. "Développement dans l'infrarouge d'une méthode de spectroscopie d'absorption de haute sensiblité." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112366.
Full textAn ultra-sensitive infra-red spectroscopic method was developed by carrying out the coupling of the Intra Cavity Laser Absorption spectroscopy (ICLAS) and of the Time resolved Fourier Transform spectroscopy (TRFTS). Three lasers based on different amplifying mediums were developed and/or used. These active cavities enable us to obtain on great spectral fields kilometric lengths of absorption, from which the very high sensitivity rises. We first of all developed an experiment using VCSELs semiconductors lasers at 1 [mu]m. Spectra of H2O, CO2 and C2H2 were recorded. We succeeded in showing the possibility of obtaining intensities of lines, with the analysis of the acetylene spectra, whereas it was not possible to obtain intensities with method ICLAS before. In the area 1. 5 [mu]m, an experiment of spectroscopy intracavity with a laser with solid based on a crystal Cr4+:YAG was installed. After one period of characterization with atmospheric water we installed the laser under vacuum. The assembly is now usable for the recording of molecular spectra intracavity. The great accordability (1. 38-1. 57 [mu]m) and the extent of the spectral field of simultaneous emission (100cm-1) obtained make of this laser particularly interesting system. We also succeeded in extending spectroscopy ICLAS in the mid infra-red to 2. 5 [mu]m with a laser Cr2+:ZnSe. The weak bands CO2 2v3-v2 and 2v3+v2-v2 which are present in Venus spectra, carried out in 1973, were observed for the first time in laboratory
Philippet, Laurent. "Amplification de l'énergie d'une source VUV cohérente à 125 nm dans une plume d'ablation de mercure." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Nord - Paris XIII, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00454923.
Full textColetta, Cecilia. "Study of growth mechanism of conducting polymers by pulse radiolysis." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS288/document.
Full textToday conductive polymers have many applications in several devices. For these reasons they have received much attention in recent years. Despite intensive research, the mechanism of conducting polymers growth is still poorly understood and the methods of polymerization are limited to two principal ways: chemical and electrochemical synthesis. On the other hand, the complex properties of polymers can be controlled only if a good knowledge of polymerization process is acquired. In this case, it is possible to control the process during the synthesis (functionalization, hydrophilicity, chain length, doping level), and consequently to improve the conductive properties of the synthesized polymers. Water radiolysis represents an easy and efficient method of synthesis comparing to chemical and electrochemical polymerization routes. It enables the polymerization under soft conditions: ambient temperature and pressure, without any external dopant.Among all conductive polymers, poly(3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT, a derivate of polythiophene) and polyPyrrole (PPy) have gained some large scale applications for their chemical and physical proprieties. The aim of the present work was the synthesis of PEDOT and PPy in aqueous solution and the study of their growth mechanism by pulsed radiolysis. Thanks to the electron accelerator ELYSE, the use of pulsed radiolysis coupled with time-resolved absorption spectroscopy allowed to study the kinetics of polymerization. The first transient species involved in the mechanism were identified by time resolved spectroscopy and the rate constants were determined.First, the reaction of hydroxyl radicals onto EDOT and Py monomers was studied, as well as the corresponding radiation induced polymerization. Then, the study was transposed to others oxidizing radicals such as CO3.-, N3. and SO4.- at different pHs. This approach allowed to check and to highlight the influence of oxidizing species onto the first transient species produced by monomers oxidation (radical cation, adduct or neutral radical) and onto the resulting morphology and properties of the radiosynthesized polymers. Finally, the electron beam was originally used as a simple electron irradiator in order to in situ synthesize PEDOT and PPy
Kervella, Marine. "Contribution à la modélisation et à la simulation numérique de la spectroscopie optique des tissus biologiques : application à l'imagerie moléculaire de fluorescence résolue en temps." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00433858.
Full textXu, Jingyue. "Sensitive and mutiplexed microRNA quantification using amplified time-gated Förster resonance energy transfer." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS137.
Full textAs new generation of biomarkers, microRNAs are associated with many cancers and diseases, which has led to a great demand for developing clinical miRNA diagnostic methods. Isothermal amplification technologies, such as rolling circle amplification and catalytic hairpin assembly, have emerged as powerful methods for highly rapid, specific and sensitive microRNA assays. This thesis focuses on developing microRNA biosensors based on isothermal amplification technologies and time-resolved Förster resonance energy transfer from lanthanide complexes to organic dyes or quantum dots. The proposed amplified microRNA biosensors have very low limits of detections, and are applied to human clinical samples, successfully revealing the relevance for cancer diagnostics. As simultaneous detection of multiple microRNAs is highly demanded, temporal multiplexed detection of microRNAs is also realized based on distinguishable excited-state lifetimes of Tb complexes and dyes. Moreover, the amplified microRNA nanosensor based on Tb-to-quantum dots FRET demonstrated the possibility of spectral multiplexed detection of microRNAs with high sensitivity and selectivity
Casaretto, Nicolas. "Dynamique structurale par photocristallographie stationnaire et résolue en temps : développements instrumentaux et applications aux matériaux moléculaires photoisomérisables." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0163/document.
Full textThis work is part of the study of photo-switchable molecular materials. The objective is the reversible and persistent control of the physical properties of matter by the application of an external stimulus, such as optical excitation. The thesis work consists of two main parts. The first part deals with the photoisomerization of NO ligands in ruthenium di-nitrosyl complexes. A systematic experimental approach was performed on three complexes. Infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction were used together at low temperature. Multiple photoinduced linkage isomers (PLI) were detected. It has been shown that it is possible to photo-switch each of the two nitrosyl ligands independently. In addition, a double photoisomerization was characterized. The second part presents the development and implementation of an in-house time-resolved X-ray diffraction experiment. The device is a prototype diffractometer with a XPAD hybrid pixel detector, allowing measurements on a millisecond time-scale. A pump-probe system is coupled to the diffractometer allowing periodic excitation of the sample and an in-situ characterization of the photo-switching. This experiment was validated by measuring the metastable state MSII of the nitrosyl complex Na2[Fe(CN)5NO].2H2O, with a lifetime of 12 ms at 150 K
Wu, Yu-Tang. "Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Immunoassays Using Engineered Proteins for Breast Cancer Biomarker Detection." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS340/document.
Full textEngineered affinity proteins have raised great interest due to their extremely small size compared to full length antibodies. Such small binding proteins have demonstrated many advantages such as quick biodistribution, good penetration into tumor tissue, and fast elimination from serum and nondiseased tissues. Thus, they are expected to be excellent alternatives to antibodies for clinical applications. This thesis focuses on the development of biosensors based on engineered antibodies and time-resolved Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) through biological recognition of biomarkers. FRET-based immunoassays are established using terbium complexes (Tb) as FRET donors and semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) as FRET acceptors. The exceptional photophysical properties of the Tb-QD FRET pair allow for ultrasensitive quantitative biosensing. Single-domain antibodies (sdAb) and small engineered scaffold antibodies (ADAPT) are used to investigate different antibody-conjugation strategies for quantifying human epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR, HER2) as clinical biomarkers. This work can be considered as a prerequisite to implementing QDs into applied clinical diagnostics
Woodhouse, Joyce. "Etude d'une protéine fluorescente photo-commutable par cristallographie résolue en temps en utilisant les lasers à électrons libres." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAY026/document.
Full textReversibly switchable fluorescent proteins (RSFPs) are able to reversibly toggle between a fluorescent on-state and a non-fluorescent off-state under visible light irradiation. This property makes them a suitable marker used in super-resolution microscopy (or nanoscopy). The photo-switching mechanism involves isomerisation of the chromophore and a change of its protonation state. This mechanism has been well studied but remains poorly understood. The structural nature and the sequential order of atomistic events are still under debate. Some of them take place on the ultra-fast time scale and make structural investigation by X-ray crystallography impossible using current synchrotron radiation sources whose temporal resolution they offer is limited. X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) are a new kind of X-ray source producing femtosecond pulses that allow structural investigation of ultra-fast intermediates during photoswitching. They are also so bright that crystallographic data collection from micro- and nanometer-sized crystals became possible. The bright and short XFEL pulses required a new methodology to be developed, the so-called serial crystallography methodology. This method is now being adapted to synchrotron radiation facilities.Here is presented a time-resolved crystallography study of the reversibly switchable green fluorescent protein 2 (rsEGFP2). A microcrystallization protocol is described allowing the preparation of suitable samples in large amounts for time-resolved serial crystallography experiments. A photoswitching mechanism of rsEGFP2 is proposed based on crystallographic results obtained from data collected at the two XFEL facilities currently fully operational, i.e. the LCLS in the USA and SACLA in Japan. In particular, the structure of two photoswitching intermediates have been determined, one featuring a twisted chromophore in the excited state and the other displaying a protonated cis isomer of the chromophore in the ground state. The structural characterization of rsEGFP2 variants by traditional oscillation crystallography combined with the serendipitous discovery of an alternate chromophore conformation in the off-state during an XFEL experiment provided unique insight into the photophysical behavior of the protein
Burdzinski, Gotard Tadeusz. "Étude des propriétés photophysiques de thiocétones et leurs dérivés en solution par spectroscopies électronique et vibrationelle résolues dans le temps." Lille 1, 2003. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/774a890e-b78d-44b9-9c7b-c6c9fc1e0547.
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