Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Spectroscopie infrarouge proche'
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Descales, Bernard. "Modélisation des propriétés de coupes d'hydrocarbures par spectroscopie proche-infrarouge." Aix-Marseille 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX30060.
Full textBOUMRICHE, AHMED. "Structure et dynamique de la perovskite inversee balif#3." Le Mans, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LEMA1008.
Full textLecoutre, Michaël. "Spectroscopie photoacoustique haute résolution de molécules stables dans le proche infrarouge." Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2000/50376-2000-314.pdf.
Full textDans l'etude suivante, l'observation de nouvelles bandes d'absorption de hcn et de leurs bandes chaudes associees nous a permis de determiner la principale constante d'interaction de fermi couplant les modes d'elongations de la molecule. Pour ocs, une analyse detaillee des perturbations via les intensites des bandes vibrationnelles a valide le modele global d'hamiltonien utilise, base sur la theorie des modes normaux. Des moments dipolaires induits de l'ordre de 10 7 debye ont ete determines. Par ailleurs, deux molecules silicees ont ete etudiees. Dans le cas de sihf 3, une analyse rotationnelle ainsi qu'une etude des couplages des niveaux vibrationnels ont ete realisees. Les resultats sont compares aux predictions ab initio. Enfin, dans le cadre d'une etude globale des bandes harmoniques de la vibration si-h dans h 3sid, impliquant des spectres a transformee de fourier ainsi que des calculs ab initio, nous avons observe la 5 i e m e bande harmonique et analyse sa structure a l'aide de la theorie des modes locaux. Nous avons mis en evidence la degenerescence vibrationnelle des niveaux (600,a 1) et (600,e), et observe au niveau de la structure de rotation la perte de symetrie de la molecule
BERTIN, CHANTAL. "Caracterisation de la degradation microbienne de constituants parietaux par spectroscopie dans l'infrarouge proche et moyen." Nantes, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NANT2041.
Full textMaudoux, Sophie. "Contrôle unitaire des gélules par réflectométrie dans le proche infrarouge." Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR2P122.
Full textEl, Romh Jamila. "Spectroscopie laser des isotopologues de la molécule d’ammoniac dans le proche infrarouge." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10128/document.
Full textThe ammonia molecule is one of the most abundant species in the atmosphere of solar planets and isotopic ratio 14N/15N is an important parameter to measure. Spectroscopy of ammonia was recently updated for 14NH3 by Sung et al [JQSRT, vol. 113, 11,1066 2012] in the range 6300-7000 cm−1 and included in HITRAN 2012 database.For the 15NH3 isotopologue, Lees et al [JMS, 251, no. 1-2, 241–251, 2008] assigned some transitions belonging to ν1 + ν3, ν1 + 2ν4 et ν3 + 2ν4 in the range 6412 to 6819 cm−1.Furthermore few line positions and strengths of transitions have been measured by Linsand al [App.Phy. B,102, 293–301, 2011.] with the goal of isotopic ratio measurement. In our work the spectroscopy of 14NH3 and 15NH3 have been extended with the help of an External Cavity Diode Tunable Laser spectrometer (ECDTLS) in the range 6369 to 6578 cm−1 and recordings at four temperatures (150K, 180K, 220K,296K).The spectra has been calibrated and each transition fitted to Voigt profile. Lines positions and strengths have been measured. The intensity ratio temperature dependence have been used to derive the energy of lower state for each transition. A specific treatment has been developed considering pairs of transitions intensities removing pressure dependence.For 14NH3 a transition list has been proposed including line position, strength and lower stateenergy. Compared with Sung et al 's work, the knowledge is increased by one third. For 15NH3 compared to the Lees et al 's work (240 lines), a line list including position and strength for 2604 transitions at room temperature has been proposed for the first time
Yamni, Khalid. "Methodes de caracterisation non destructive du quartz alpha et des grenats." Besançon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BESA2037.
Full textChalus, Pascal André. "Développement d’outils chimiométriques pour la détermination de teneurs en principes actifs par spectroscopie proche infrarouge dans les comprimés pharmaceutiques à faible dosage." Mulhouse, 2007. https://www.learning-center.uha.fr/opac/resource/developpement-doutils-chimiometriques-pour-la-determination-de-teneurs-en-principes-actifs-par-spect/BUS4011854.
Full textThe pharmaceutical industry faces increasing regulatory pressure to optimize quality control. Content uniformity is a basic release test for solid dosage forms. To accelerate test throughput and comply with the Food and Drug Administration’s process analytical technology initiative, attention is increasingly turning to nondestructive spectroscopic techniques, notably near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). This thesis evaluate the potential of this spectroscopy for content uniformity on low-dosage tablets. The validation of NIRS using requisite linearity and standard error of prediction (SEP) criteria remains a challenge. This study innovatively applied wavelet transformation of the NIR spectra of a commercial tablet to build a model using conventional partial least squares regression and an artificial neural network. Wavelet coefficients in the PLS and ANN models reduced SEP by up to 60% compared to PLS models using mathematical spectra pretreatment
Zint, Chantal-Virginie. "Tomographie optique proche infrarouge, résolue en temps, des milieux diffusants." Strasbourg 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13161.
Full textThis document describes the design, realisation and characterisation of a time-resolved optical tomograph, using a femtosecond laser and a synchroscan streak camera. A study on cylindrical phantoms scattering the light has been carried out. Various mechanical scannings of these phantoms have been tested in order to de-tect the scattered light by transmission. A method making profitable the dimension of the slit to present the detection angle of the photons is also depicted. The setup performances are described in terms of temporal resolution, examination depth and acquisition time. Temporal profiles of photons detected thanks to this experimental arrangement have been used to produce both absorption phantoms' images and reduced scattering phantoms' images. Concerning the resolution of the direct problem, the algorithms used are based on the finite element method, while the resolution of the inverse problem, which is similar to an optimisation problem, re-quires an algebraic reconstruction technique. According to the methodology used, more absorbing and/or more scattering inclusions embedded in a phantom have been detected, based on the parameters mean time and integral intensity issued of the measured temporal profiles. With this tomograph, it is possible to measure mean times and integral intensities with an accuracy of ±3%, for a signals' acquisi-tion time higher than 10 minutes; this is only available if the scattering phantoms have a diameter lower than 4cm and a width of temporal point spread function lower than 3,5ns
Duthen, Simon. "Etude de la caractérisation de matières collagéniques pour spectroscopie Infrarouge. : Mise au point et développement d'un système d'analyse en mode dynamique par l'industrie de la Gélatine." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018INPT0005.
Full textGelatin is a natural biopolymer obtained after denaturation and partial hydrolysis of collagen fibers, a fibrillar protein present in the connective tissues of all species of the animal kingdom. It is used in various industries, including the agri-food, pharmaceutical, photographic and cosmetic industries. Its functional properties depend on the manufacturing process, but also on the origin of the collagenous materials. The objective of this thesis is to characterize the raw material (pig rind), but also the gelatin obtained during the process, by a fast and non-destructive tool. The use of near-infrared spectroscopy coupled with chemometric methods allowed us to work on the scale of the laboratory but also on the industrial chain. The first study examines the heterogeneity of pig rinds, under laboratory conditions, in terms of protein, fat, moisture and collagen contents. Several models have been developed to predict these levels, from near infrared spectra collected on moving rinds. The best models have good performances. In the second industrial scale trial, an approach to gelatin yield from 75 tons batches was proposed. The predictive approach has not been conclusive; however, classification approaches have shown interesting results. The next two tests were on gelatin. The third test allowed the development of models for predicting the physicochemical properties of gelatin samples from near-infrared spectra, demonstrating very good predictive capabilities of these parameters (r²> 0.9). Finally, a final test allowed to link the molecular characteristics of the gelatin to its physicochemical properties, by the technique of Asymmetrical Field-Flow Fractionation coupled with a Multiangular Light Scattering Detector (MALS). The characterization parameters of AFlFFF-MALS make it possible to partially discriminate gelatin samples with different bloom and viscosity parameters
Machhadani, Houssaine. "Transitions intersousbandes dans les puits quantiques GaN/AlN du proche infrarouge au THz." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00591962.
Full textLeydet, Fabrice. "Mise en place d'un projet proche infrarouge dans l'industrie pharmaceutique." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR2P052.
Full textROGGO, YVES. "Détermination de la qualité de la betterave sucrière par spectroscopie proche infrarouge et chimiométrie." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006113.
Full textMandrick, Kevin. "Application de la spectroscopie proche infrarouge dans la discrimination de la charge de travail." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00868844.
Full textRoggo, Yves. "Détermination de la qualité de la betterave sucrière par spectroscopie proche infrarouge et chimiométrie." Lille 1, 2003. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/2e3408ab-d5b7-4c72-96d4-1299d910b843.
Full textRoggo, Yves Huvenne Jean-Pierre Duponchel Ludovic. "Détermination de la qualité de la betterave sucrière par spectroscopie proche infrarouge et chimiométrie." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://www.univ-lille1.fr/bustl-grisemine/pdf/extheses/50376-2003-55-56.pdf.
Full textGmira, Ahmed. "Etude texturale et thermodynamique d'hydrates modèles du ciment." Orléans, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006001.
Full textLangevin, Marc-Antoine. "Synthèse et caractérisation de nanocristaux à base d'argent émettant dans le proche-infrarouge." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27321.
Full textDifferent near-infrared emitting silver-based semiconductor nanocrystals were synthesized for this project. First, orthorhombic AgInSe2 nanocrystals synthesized from an Ag-In-thiolate complex will be presented. Evolution of the Ag:In:Se ratio measured by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy shows progressive incorporation of In3+ in Ag2Se seeds via progressive partial cation-exchange reaction. The resulting nanocrystals were studied by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Depending on the reaction conditions, the nanocrystals can be spherical, pyramidal or prismatic and emit between 800 nm and 1300 nm with a photoluminescence quantum yield up to 21%. The nanocrystals were then covered with a ZnS shell. Two different methods were used: one at high temperature and one at room temperature. Two ZnS monolayers were added with the high temperature method. A hypsochromic shift, a narrowing of the FWHM and an increase in the photoluminescence quantum yield were observed. It was associated with diffusion of Zn inside the nanocrystals. With the room temperature method, up to three ZnS monolayers were added, but only a small bathochromic shift was observed. The presence of a shell was confirmed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The ZnS-covered nanocrystals were then encapsulated in an amphiphilic copolymer and dispersed in water, while maintaining a good photoluminescence. In order to study the effects of the nanocrystals’ composition, CuxAg1-xInSe2 solid solutions were obtained by adapting the synthesis protocol of AgInSe2 nanocrystals. Nanocrystals with a composition between AgInSe2 and Cu0.6Ag0.4InSe2 have shown progressive bathochromic shift of their photoluminescence, from 1112 nm to 1450 nm. An important shift of the photoluminescence around 700 nm was observed for Cu0.8Ag0.2InSe2 and CuInSe2, most likely due to the smaller size of the resulting nanocrystals. Depending on their composition, the photoluminescence quantum yield can be between 6 and 20%. X-ray diffraction patterns have shown a progressive shift towards larger angles with increasing Cu:Ag ratios and decrease in the intensity of the peaks characteristic of the orthorhombic phase. In order to show the versatility of this method, AgInTe2 nanocrystals were also synthesized by replacing tributylphosphine selenide, used for the synthesis of AgInSe2 nanocrystals, with trioctylphosphine telluride. Nanocrystals emitting between 1095 nm and 1160 nm were obtained. However, they had an elongated spherical shape and their best measured photoluminescence quantum yield was only 0.06%. By adding zinc acetate at the beginning of the synthesis, a blueshift of the photoluminescence was observed and the quantum yield was increased up to 3.4%. Finally, the optical properties of Ag2Se nanocrystals will be presented. In order to increase their photoluminescence quantum yield, the synthesis of an Ag2S shell was attempted. However, a decrease in photoluminescence and an important bathochromic shift were observed instead. To understand the results, a study of the Ag2Se cores properties was necessary. Ag2Se nanocrystals with an average radius between 0.95 nm and 4.7 nm were synthesized and analyzed by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy. The energy of the first observed transition tends towards 1.1 eV, which is significantly higher than the expected value of 0.15 eV. Their concentration was determined by thermogravimetric analysis, allowing the determination of their molar extinction coefficient at different wavelengths. At the first transition, this value is proportional to r02.7±0.2 and eventually follows the classically predicted cubic power law with r0 at higher energies.
Divay, Laurent. "Synthèse et caractérisation de complexes d'erbium pour l'amplification optique proche infrarouge en matrice organique." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DENS0008.
Full textIn order to offer new possibilities for near infrared optical amplification, new approaches are proposed for the design of organic devices. The fabrication of polymer devices for optical amplification in the near infrared region is difficult because of the change in properties, especially a drastic shortening in radiative lifetime, of the erbium ion in an organic medium. Several main axes of development. Can be deduced from the literature. First, the organic chelate formulation can be adapted and optimised in order to weaken interactions between the lanthanide ion and the matrix, and second, the use of high absorption cross section ligands can optimise the pumping efficiency. This study presents the results obtained in these two directions, by studying perhalogenated organic complexes, or by using dye type ligands with a very high absorption cross section in the visible. The studies made in the second approach allowed to synthesize and çharacterize molecules with largely unknown optical properties : lanthanides phthalocyanines. The study of an erbium phthalocyanine in particular allowed the determination of the energy transfer dynamics, and the energy transfer quantum yield was determined to be close to one
Lafargue, Marie. "Nouvelles approches pour le contrôle d'homogénéité des matrices agroalimentaires par spectroscopie proche infrarouge : application aux essais d'aptitude pour les laboratoires." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INAP0027.
Full textThe Bureau Interprofessionnel d'Etudes Analytiques (Bipea) is a proficiency testing schemes (PTS) organiser for agricultural, agro-food and environmental domains. PTS is one of the essential elements ensuring laboratory quality assurance and validity of results by controlling the accuracy of the analysis. They involve a comparison among laboratory results for a given analysis. The samples used must be comparable and come from an homogeneous batch. This requirement is essential in order to be sure that if a laboratory has a result different from the other laboratories, its error can be attributed to its analytical method and not to its particular sample. This thesis work consists in developing an homogeneity control for agrofood samples by Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS). After analytical studies, a study of data processing methods led to proposing 2 approaches : i) a standard method based on the determination of an homogeneity target and the assessment of the between-sample deviation by Analysis of Variance ; ii) a multidimensionnal method involving the determination of global homogeneity criteria from the complete spectra. The methodology of control by NIRS is polyvalent (suited to the analysis of numerous products), rapid and inexpensive. Furthermore, it is combined with control charts facilitating the interpretation of the results. Various studies allowed the characterisation and the validation of the method, in particular, by the preparation and the analysis of artificially heterogeneous samples
Lesteur, Mathieu. "Etude de l'utilisation de la spectroscopie proche infrarouge pour la prédiction du potentiel méthane de déchets solides." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20237/document.
Full textAnaerobic digestion is a solution to process solid waste, while producing energy by biogas production (methane and carbon dioxide). Methane production could be optimized by selecting only wastes with high methane potential. Currently, the BMP (Biochemical Methane Potential) test is conducted to predict the methane potential. This test is based on a fermentation process. It is time consuming, sometimes, lasting over 30 days, which is too long from an industrial point of view. A rapid method for determining the methane potential is therefore urgently needed. The BMP value depends only on the quantity and the quality of the organic matter, so a method capable of determining the quality and quantity of organic matter is searched for. The objective of this thesis was to identify and study such a method. First, a bibliographic study led us to chose the near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy method: fast and global analysis of the organic matter, non-destructive method, few or no sample preparation, and remote monitoring by use of fiber optics. Second, a calibration for predicting the BMP of and homogenous sample set has been built based on a 74-waste sample set. A correlation coefficient of R² = 0,76 and a standard error of prediction (RMSEP = 28 ml CH4.g-1 VS). Then, the regression coefficients (called b coefficients) were analysed with regard to the molecules in the waste and were compared to the variables selected from the spectrum, in order to validate the model from a chemical point of view. Finally, the robustness of the model, regarding the waste origins and the moisture was tested with heterogeneous samples set. Results show the potential of the near infrared spectroscopy to predict the methane potential quickly, but attention must be paid on the calibration data set when an industrial implementation is dealt with
Noiret-Roumier, Nadine. "Conception et développement de supports holographiques photopolymérisables sensibles dans le rouge et le proche infrarouge." Mulhouse, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MULH0249.
Full textChapuisat-Lemay, Sarah. "Etude méthodologique de l’imagerie optique diffuse couplée à l’électroencéphalographie." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066387.
Full textOsta, Sébastien. "Développement de méthodes topologiques pour la détermination de la courbe de distillation (T. B. P. ) de pétroles bruts, à l'aide de la spectroscopie proche infrarouge." Aix-Marseille 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX30091.
Full textCrude oil constitutes a significant part of wealth of the modern economy. Several million tonnes are treated each year in the principal refinery unit, the atmospheric distillation, therefore, real time optimisation of the distillation unit represents a true economic gain, however, classical methods for crude oil analysis are long and complex, near infrared coupled with suitable mathematical modelling techniques permits on-line prediction of the true boiling point (T. B. P. ), and allows anticipatory adjustement of operating parameters. A topological modelling approach, based on a nearest neighbours concept, presents a major advantage self learning method
Lantoine, Frédérique. "Principe de l'analyse dans le proche infra-rouge : application, validation de méthodes d'identification de matières premières pharmaceutiques." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P242.
Full textAmat, Sandrine. "Développement et comparaison d'analyseurs spectrométriques proche infrarouge. Transfert de calibration. Application aux produits pétroliers et érivés." Aix-Marseille 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX30025.
Full textThrough an optimization process of internal combustion engines of vehicles based on fuel quality, a near infrared miniaturized sensor has been developed for embedded application. In this study, experimental protocols were established to test and compare the performance and robustness of different generations of near infrared sensors. A recent method, EPO has been used to proceed to calibration transfers between sensors, to provide reliable information for each apparatus to be mass produced later, without using an individual calibration routine. The design of robust sensors was enable through the combined use of experimental design and a method of analyzing multi-tables, the AComDim in a totally new approach. The results have improved the quality of models for predicting physico-chemical characteristics of fuels, useful in optimizing engine performance. This has led to the development of a new generation of sensors, soon industrialized
Greusard, Léo. "Etude en champ proche de sources plasmoniques actives dans le proche infrarouge et méthode d'imagerie basée sur l'action d'un champ électromagnétique sur une pointe." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066742.
Full textIn this thesis, we adapt an aperture scanning near-field optical microscope (SNOM) featuring an aluminum hollow pyramid as a probe, for a use in the near-infrared range (NIR). We apply this SNOM system to characterize tensile-strained quantum well laser diodes with a metallic patterning designed for an electrical and integrated generation of surface plasmons-polaritons (SPPs) at the telecom wavelengths. SPPs are generated by structuring the top surface of the diode ridge with a gold grating. The study of the transverse mode field distribution also allows us to analyze the influence of the metallic layer on the cavity and to show the eventual existence of a hyrid plasmonic mode. We also develop a broadband super-resolution imaging technique based on the action of an intensity-modulated electromagnetic field on an atomic force microscopy tip. The study as a function of the modulation frequency shows several regimes where different mechanisms are involved in the field-tip interaction. We also validate its ability to probe evanescent fields and subwavelength apertures in a metallic film, from the visible range up to the mid-IR
Laxalde, Jérémy. "Analyse des produits lourds du pétrole par spectroscopie infrarouge." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10022/document.
Full textThe aim of this study is to develop an alternative analysis for the characterisation of heavy oil products. Predictive chemometric models have been developed by mid-infrared (MIR) and near infrared (NIR) spectroscopies. This work has principally concerned the predictive model optimisation of saturate, aromatic, resin and asphalten contents (SARA). A simultaneous optimisation procedure of spectral data pre-processing methods and variable selection by genetic algorithms was evaluated. This approach has permitted to lead to the best NIR predictions and to show the interpretation potentialof selected variables. A comparative study of MIR and NIR spectroscopies for the development of heavy oil property predictive model was also performed. Results have shown that NIR spectroscopy was globally better for our application. It has been shown that spectroscopic data fusion can improve predictive power of models. The obtained results have shown that it seems however necessary that both spectroscopy, considered separately, have to lead to similar predictive power to expect an predictive power improvement when combining MIR and NIR. The interpretation potential of multiblock has been confirmed for the identification of MIR and NIR specific information. Finally, models developed for the prediction of density, contents of SARA, Conradson carbon, hydrogen, sulphur and nitrogen were judged satisfactory for an application at laboratory
Gross, Nathalie. "Microspectrométrie infrarouge en champ proche et champ lointain : développement et application à l'étude de peau humaine." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112070.
Full textWe explore some of the possibilities offered by infrared micro-spectroscopy, defined as the association of scanning microscopic imaging with the analytical properties of infrared spectroscopy. Our goal is to reunite the far-field micro-spectroscopy, particularly performing when using synchrotron radiation, with spectroscopy in the near-field. With the latter technique, still in development, we expect to obtain resolutions much sma1ler than the wavelength by utilizing a tunable infrared source (in our case a free electron laser). Using far-field microscopy, we chose to study the chemical and structural composition of human skin. The spectral evolution observed throughout the various epidermis layers allowed us to characterize, for the first time using infrared spectroscopy, the phenomena of epidermis differentiation. Besides using the intensity profiles of the tissue bio-molecules absorption bands to localize different skin regions, the microscopic data indicate the existence of secondary structures specific to tissue proteins, as well as a very organized lipidic environment in the region of the stratum conium. The application of this technique in cosmetics makes it possible to visualize the microscopic distribution of natural products throughout the various layers of the skin. Our work in near-field techniques was mainly centered on the development of a Photon Scanning Tunneling Microscope (PSTM) with emphasis in doing local spectroscopy rather than imaging. Working with model samples (irradiated polymers) we obtained specific spectroscopic signatures as well as observed spectral modifications when passing through regions chemically different. Our data demonstrate the validity of our experimental approach and open several possibilities to future works on the subject
Babuty, Arthur. "Étude en champ proche optique de sources plasmoniques actives dans l'infrarouge et spectroscopie locale de l'émission thermique." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066004.
Full textPilorget, Cédric. "Microscopie hyperspectrale dans le proche IR pour l’analyse in situ d’échantillons : l’instrument MicrOmega à bord des missions Phobos Grunt, Hayabusa-2 et ExoMars." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112293/document.
Full textThe characterization of the surface of planetary objects, through space observations, gives key clues to the past and present geological, geochemical and climate processes. Near-infrared hyperspectral microscopy, through its capability to identify the molecular and mineralogical composition of a sample at its grain size, is an innovative technique that will efficiently complement both remote sensing and in situ measurements. Recent technical achievements in near-infrared detectors, space cryo-coolers and dispersive systems, has enabled us to design MicrOmega, a highly miniaturized near-infrared hyperspectral microscope, to be implemented on landers/rovers: it has been selected within the Pasteur payload of the ESA ExoMars rover, with launch scheduled for 2018.My thesis activity started with the study of the extension of the spectral range beyond 2.5 µm, driven by the goal of identifying and characterizing potential organic compounds, and with the analysis of the impact on the instrument design of such an extension. The outcomes were used to set the MicrOmega / ExoMars instrument baseline. My involvement in this program included the development of algorithms enabling, in an automated way, the identification and the location, within the analyzed samples, of compounds with specific composition; it will be used both to limit the amount of information to be downloaded, and to indicate key targets for point analyzers, such as the Raman spectrometer RLS and the laser desorption spectrometer MOMA, thus increasing the synergy between the suite of ExoMars laboratory instruments. During my thesis, the shift of the launch of the Phobos Grunt mission opened the possibility to develop and deliver a flight model of MicrOmega, in less than two years; I thus have been involved in all steps of its development, from its design to its final calibration. As a follow-up, another mission of opportunity emerged, to which I have also been associated: MicrOmega has been selected as part of the Hayabusa-2 mission, which will in situ analyze a C-type asteroid
Delchambre, Elise. "Origine de la déformation spectrale de la luminance proche infrarouge des composants en carbone de Tore Supra." Aix-Marseille 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX11053.
Full textChabrillat, Sabine. "Discrimination lithologique par spectro-imagerie visible-proche infrarouge aéroportée : application au massif péridotitique de Ronda (Espagne)." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30243.
Full textGobrecht, Alexia. "Vers une nouvelle approche optique pour la caractérisation des sols par spectrométrie visible et proche infrarouge." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NSAM0038/document.
Full textWith the goal of reducing the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, policy makers encourage practices intended to sequester carbon in soils (reforestation, changes in farming practices). New methods are required to rapidly and accurately measure soil C at field- and landscape-scales. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is an analytical technology adapted to these specifications but remains experimental research in soil science.This thesis has focused on the first step of this analytical method: signal formation. The soils are very complex materials, in terms of chemical composition and physical structure. Hence, the spectroscopic signal is negatively impacted by light scattering. Consequently, the conditions of the Beer-Lambert are no longer fulfilled, and the chemometric models to predict the carbon content of soils are less accurate and robust. We develop an original optical method based on light polarization spectroscopy to measure the absorbance of highly scattering materials. By selecting photons being less scattered, we compute a new absorbance signal which is a good approximation of the Beer-Lambert absorbance.This method, called Polis, was experimentally validated on model materials in liquid and powdered form. Applied on soils to predict Total Organic Content, the model built with the PoLiS absorbance outperform the models built with the classical absorbance computed from the diffuse reflectance signal
Durand, Alexandra. "Méthodes de sélection de variables appliquées en spectroscopie proche infrarouge pour l'analyse et la classification de textiles." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00269380.
Full textJean, Pierre-Olivier. "Nouvelles applications de la spectroscopie en proche infrarouge pour l’évaluation de l’écologie nutritionnelle du cerf de Virginie." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/7736.
Full textBellon-Maurel, Véronique. "Application de la spectroscopie proche infrarouge au contrôle en ligne de la qualité des fruits et légumes." Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT011G.
Full textDOMINIQUE, CLAUDE. "Spectroscopie visible et proche infrarouge des melanges neon-xenon : cinetique de l'etat 6p(5/2)::(3) du xenon." Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30150.
Full textRey-Bayle, Maud. "Utilisation de la spectroscopie proche infrarouge multipoints couplée à de la chimiométrie pour la caractérisation en ligne de milieux diffusants." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT097.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to demonstrate the potential of multipoint near infrared spectroscopy to monitor online scattering and absorbing environments, where physical and chemical properties change over time. The work was first based on the study of an environment where scattering was the only parameter varying over time. Monitoring of the silica precipitation reaction has been chosen to illustrate that environment. First of all, spectra in collimated transmittance mode were acquired from samples collected during the process. Thanks to the Beer-Lambert law, scattering coefficients of each sample were obtained and from them the different steps of the reaction were found. A principal component analysis of those coefficients showed the existence of two scattering modes into the reaction environment. In the second phase, a multipoint probe was submerged in an industrial reactor. Spectra were measured during the precipitation with angle of 30°, 90°, 150°, 170° and 180° to the source. A univariate analyse at those different angles showed differences and similarities between the positions, linked to the interaction of light and matter. Then, a multiblock and multivariate analysis, CCSWA (Common Component and Specific Weight Analysis), was applied. It allows the combination of information from different angles and also shows common and specific information, in order to validate the use of multipoint measurement to monitor the process. Thanks to the analysis of global scores, different kind of scattering and the specificity of some angle, in the detection of physical modifications were identified. The analysis of individual loadings confirmed the identification of the different steps of reaction and has revealed some phenomena related to light scattering, such as the extension of the optical path. The same approach, analysis in the laboratory then online, was applied on an environment where scattering and absorption vary. Monitoring of products from the process to improve oil extraction, has been chosen to illustrate that environment. First of all, micro emulsions (water, oil and surfactant) were made so that physical and chemical properties would be different between samples. Then, each phase was analysed separately. A principal component analysis was used to characterize the system by phase identification. It also showed the differences between the phases were linked, both to absorption and scattering. In order to separate those two phenomena, a multivariate resolution by alternate regression has been applied. It has permitted to explain in more details the differences between the phases and to obtain semi-quantitative monitoring. Finally, in the last part, the same samples were analysed in circulation with a multipoint probe. A CCSWA has been applied again and showed that different scattering phenomenon occurred between the categories. Moreover, it highlighted a heterogeneity in the phases' composition that couldn’t be detected in static measurement
Gilblas, Remi. "Mesure de champs de températures vraies par thermo-réflectométrie proche infrarouge." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAT0012/document.
Full textTrue temperature field measurement is a key parameter for the optimization and the control of industrial processes. Current systems present limitations, especially on heterogeneous surfaces and/or in dynamical conditions involving the surface's variation. These restrictions are due to the ignorance of the surface's emissivity, which is a complex function of many physical quantities (temperature, wavelength, roughness, direction of detection). This thesis presents the complete development of a new method of true temperature field measurement, called Thermoreflectometry, applicable on any kind of opaque material, in the range [300-1000]°C. It allows the on-line measurement of emissivity by mixing a step of classical THERMOGRAPHY with a step of laser REFLECTOMETRY. The approach of this work is, first, the critical analysis of the method and its influence quantities, and then the optimal dimensionment of the components by simulation studies. Thirdly, a prototype is built and its defaults are characterized, following a CAMERA-based point of view, and the possible corrections are implemented. Finally, the experimental performances are estimated on some complex heterogeneous thermal scenes which emphasize the prototype's precision for all the tested samples
Suchat, Sunisa. "Dosage du polyisoprène et des résines de la biomasse de guayule (Parthenium argentatum) par spectroscopie proche infrarouge (SPIR) : méthodes d'extraction par solvant de référence." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20210/document.
Full textMeasurement of resin and polyisoprene in Parthenium argentatum (guayule) biomass using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) -Associated solvent-based reference methods .A protocol based on sequential extraction with acetone (resin) and hexane (polyisoprene, PI) with accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) was optimized and selected (maximized yield; adapted to large series) instead of Soxhlet and homogenizer. Quantification was first based on extract weight (gravimetry). Hexane extract was maximized at 120°C, after acetone steps at 40°C, through an experimental design. Cross contamination was confirmed and quantified (5 to 29%; SEC and FTIR). This gave a second method based on resin and PI, instead of crude extracts, accounting for low average molar mass PI (Mw) extracted by acetone instead of hexane. Both reference methods were used for calibrating NIRS applied to powdered biomass, with chemometric tools (PLS loadings, beta coefficients) to interpret spectral bands vs PI-resin relationship. ASE, not used before as reference, is highly reliable, and calibration with gravimetry (R² 0.96; 0.98; RPD 4.8; 4.6; for acetone and hexane extract) better than published data, thanks to the 215 samples covering genotypes, harvest date, plant age, climate. The method using cross contamination was less efficient because of higher experimental error induced by additional SEC and FTIR, and change in resin composition. Having set NIRS methods, a new protocol (single solvent THF, minimized processing, 20°C, fresh biomass) was designed to avoid degradation, yielding PI extracts with Mw above 2.106g/mole, closer to in vivo structure (6.105 when using dried guayule); caution to sample preparation in literature dealing with guayule PI structure. This calls for considering the complex structure of guayule biomass (PI in cells; resin in ducts; chemical instability) when extracting PI. These methods allowed producing high PI Mw glove and tire prototypes and domesticating this new crop in Europe within the EU-Pearls project
Bourdillon, Nicolas. "Facteurs limitants de la consommation maximale d'oxygène en hypoxie aiguë : le rôle de la diffusion tissulaire." Paris 13, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA132021.
Full textNear InfraRed Spectroscopy (NIRS) is a technique based on light diffusion through the living tissues. Muscle exploration is reported in terms of oxy and deoxyhemoglobin concentrations. The subjects, men and women, endurance trained or sedentary, performed multiple incremental tests in normoxia and at various levels of hypoxia (altitude from 1000 to 4500m). During each test, multiple parameters from the oxygen transport chain were monitored to evaluate the importance of tissue diffusion in the limiting factors of maximal oxygen consumption. Moreover, we identified the pulmonary and muscular diffusion coefficients for oxygen and computed a capillary recruitment coefficient building a mathematical model of oxygen transport. This work also lets us assess the composition of the NIBS signal in terms of arteriolar, capillary and venous blood. The greater decrease in peak oxygen consumption in athletes at altitude is mainly explained by the plateau found in the pulmonary but not muscular diffusion coefficient. NIRS showed that the muscle caracteristics of the trained subjects were closer from the sedentary ones at altitude, despite the greater capillary recruitment. We conclude that in acute hypoxia, athletes lose their advantage of adaptations to training due to a greater decrease in arterial oxygen content compared with sedentary subjects
Ayerdi, Gotor Alicia Daydé Jean. "Etude des variations des teneurs et de la variabilité des compositions en tocophérols et en phytostérols dans les akènes et l'huile de tournesol (Helianthus annuus L.)." Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2009. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000779.
Full textUfland, Pierre. "Muscle oxygenation and capacity to repeat high-intensity exercises." Amiens, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AMIE0018.
Full textIl est généralement accepté qu'une plus grande capacité de consommation d'O2 musculaire est associée à une meilleure performance aérobie. A l'inverse, une faible capacité de consommation d'O2 musculaire est également associée à une récupération inter-effort réduite/ralentie. A la fin des années 80, le suivi non invasif de l'oxygénation musculaire (mO2), déduite par la mesure de l'hémoglobine ([Hb]) / myoglobine ([Mb]) saturé en oxygène (O2) et de l'[Hb]/[Mb] dépourvu d'O2, a émergé dans de nombreuses études avec l'inclusion de la spectroscopie du proche infrarouge (NIRS). Le fait que la NIRS soit devenue portable rend libre l'évaluation continue de la balance entre apport d'O2 aux muscles en action et consommation musculaire d'O2 des lits capillaires du muscle considéré. Dans cette thèse, nous nous sommes attachés à examiner les considérations méthodologiques de l'utilisation de la NIRS pour évaluer mO2 et consommation d’oxygène musculaire (mVO2) (Etudes 1 et 2). Les études 2, 4 et 5 ont étudié les relations éventuelles qui peuvent exister entre la mO2 et la performance lors d'exercices répétés à haute intensité. Initialement nous avons étudié la reproductibilité et la sensibilité de mO2 post-exercice (Etude 1). Un niveau modéré de reproductibilité, ainsi qu'une indépendance des relevés en fonction de l'intensité d'exercice lors de la récupération sans occlusion ont été constatés. Par contre, lorsque la récupération de la mVO2 était observée, il fut relevé que les mesures étaient, certes modérément reproductibles à l’instar de mO2 post-exercice mais à contrario dépendantes de l'intensité d'exercice. Dans une étude subséquente (Etude 2), nous avons inspecté l'influence des changements de direction (COD) sur la mVO2. Nous avons ainsi observé une plus grande mVO2 avec COD : pour des vitesses similaires absolues de course, les courses en navette sur 20 m étaient associées à de plus grandes mVO2 que lors des courses en ligne droite. Ces résultats suggéraient que mVO2 déjà sensible à l’intensité de l’exercice, l’était aussi à la modalité de course (avec ou sans COD). En second lieu, le rôle de la mO2 sur le paramètre de récupération de force musculaire durant des efforts maximaux répétés a été examiné (Etude 3). Les résultats ont confirmé que la récupération de mO2 peut jouer un rôle modéré dans la production de force maximale. Suite à cette étude, nous avons souhaité évaluer l'influence du type d'entraînement sur la récupération de mVO2 (Etude 4). Ainsi, la comparaison entre entraînement en endurance et entraînement au sprint révèle une meilleure récupération de mVO2 dans le groupe endurance. Cette accélération de la récupération de mVO2 était liée à une meilleure capacité à répéter des sprints. L’entraînement agit donc sur le paramètre de récupération de mV2. En dernière partie, nous avons inspecté dans une étude longitudinale (Etude 5) les effets d’une période d'entraînement aérobie sur la mO2 post-sprints. L'amélioration de la capacité à répéter des sprints a été associée à l'accélération de la mO2 post-sprints, ce qui confirme que la fonction musculaire aérobie pourrait jouer un rôle au niveau dans la récupération métabolique entre les sprints
Mahmoudzadeh, Mahdi. "Evaluation de la mise en place des réseaux du langage chez le nouveau-né prématuré : étude électro-hémodynamique par enregistrements électroencéphalographiques (EEG) et de spectroscopie proche de l'infrarouge fonctionnelle (fSPIR)." Amiens, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AMIED007.
Full textLanguage is essential for human social live. Is language genetically established in human beings? Can we detect language impairment during the early phase of infancy? These motivating issues draw the attention on two points. (i) To what extent the neonate is predisposed to learn language, and to what extent the implicit neural circuits are “prewired” to process language input early in infancy. Two approaches to tackle these questions have been pursued. The first approach has been to try to recognize neural correlates of language processing abilities from very early in life (preterm), before experience is believed to have formed cortical specialization. The second approach refers to the question of whether there are special regions of the cortex crucial for language processing, or whether an assortment of cortical regions can support this function very early in infancy. (ii) If we have a better understanding of what causes language impairment in early infancy, we are in a better position to design treatments that target these causal mechanisms, rather than just a symptomatic therapy. One of the major clinical interests of this study is to detect functional cerebral abnormalities in an early phase with the hope that by intervening with an appropriate therapy during a certain period, the pathological process responsible for the irreversible injury can be prevented. In this thesis preliminary clinical experiences have been evaluated to allow efficient development of optical probes and related instrumentation which have then been used in several contexts. Continuous measurements during sleep were performed in healthy and Intra Ventricular Hemorrhage (IVH grade III & IV) preterm neonates (28-32 weeks GA) using functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) in conjunction with electroencephalography (EEG). We showed that the preterm brain is able to discriminate a change of phonemes (ba vs ga) and a change of voices (male vs female). The dynamic of the responses reveals a structured network evolving differently in time and space (temporal and frontal lobes areas, left and right hemispheres). IVH is one of the most frequent intracranial impairment in the neonatal period and is observed almost exclusively as a result of prematurity. Low arterial blood oxygenation and abnormal cerebral blood flow are believed to affect the neonate brain function. The study described here aims to investigate the impact of the IVH on auditory hemodynamic responses. While EEG disclosed active language neural network, fNIRS revealed much weaker auditory hemodynamic responses, showing neurovascular coupling impairment. This suggests the capacity of the fNIRS as a new optical imaging technique to detect functional deterioration of hemodynamics, at least in preterm neonates. Due to the fact that functional and structural brain developments are dynamic processes, there is a challenge for research to investigate how genetical and social factors interact to influence the language development of human infants. These results demonstrate that particular regions of the cortex, critical for language acquisition and processing, contain innate language specific representations in early infancy. In addition, the approaches we developed provide early diagnosis of auditory neurovascular coupling impairment in IVH preterms which is known to induce learning disabilities
Rinnert, Emmanuel. "Etats d'hydratation d'argiles suivis par analyses vibrationnelles de l'eau et des hydroxyles dans le proche infrarouge : Application aux systèmes saponite et bentonite." Nancy 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NAN10197.
Full textThe study of the feasibility of a deep geological disposal facility conducted by ANDRA - the French national radioactive waste management agency -, requires the knowledge of water status and water content in clays. Thanks to an original lab-built device coupling vibrational spectroscopies and water adsorption isotherms, adsorbed water and clay's structure are described quantitatively and qualitatively. A multidisciplinary approach allows the description of hydration mechanisms and water molecules network in the interlamellar space of synthetic saponites. The effects of density and nature of interfoliar cations and the influence of temperature on hydration are presented. Using mechanisms and important parameters established on saponites, hydration of bentonite MX80 is carried out. In order to describe and quantify simultaneously two different water states, a simple but relevant method of spectra analysis was developed
Fekecs, André. "Élaboration de photoconducteurs d’InGaAsP par implantation d'ions de fer pour des applications en imagerie proche-infrarouge et spectroscopie térahertz." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6840.
Full textBarré, Jean-Baptiste. "Évaluation du niveau de dégradation du bois dans les ouvrages de protection par spectroscopie proche infrarouge et analyse vibratoire." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAS005/document.
Full textThe construction of protective works responds to the need to protect themselves from natural hazards such as erosion or landslides. If the concrete is conventionally used for their construction, wood is regularly used on natural hazards generating low or moderate stresses. For this, practitioners rely on two different approaches, civil engineering and ecological engineering, which require, in this context, the implementation of a structure built on the basis of an arrangement of logs. However, there are knowledge gaps hampering the prescription of these works. In particular, scientists locks concern the assessment of the level of decay, in the sense of mechanical properties, of logs for monitoring existing structures.The aim of this thesis is to develop two methods for assessing the level of decay of silver fir logs from near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and vibration analysis. In this thesis, the level of decay is set from the rate of loss in modulus of elasticity (MOE) or modulus of rupture (MOR) in relation to their intact value .The results showed that the methods allowed evaluating the log level of decay both in semi-controlled and in natural conditions. The NIRS method assesses the level of decay from prediction models of $Dw_{MOE}$ and of $Dw_{MOR}$ based on multivariate statistics. The method by vibration analysis measuring the loss rate in dynamic MOE ($Dw_{E_n}$)of the logs, which are characterized by their geometric imperfections.This work helps to deepen knowledge on the assessment of the level of decay of wood. The methods may be considered for application on real structures. These two methods are actually suitable for textit{in-situ} measurements.The objective of this thesis is to develop two indicators, DwNIRS and DwE1, from two complementary methods, the near infra-red spectroscopy (NIRS) and the vibration resonant method (VRM), to assess decay-extent of small-diameters silver fir logs decayed by a microbial community. These indicators are intended to help to practitioners in the diagnostic of the structures. The work is based on a mechanical definition of the decay-extent. A reference indicator DwMOE is defined for this purpose from the normalized loss in modulus of elasticity (MOE) of the logs between intact and decayed states.The thesis is composed of three parts. The first part explores the ability of NIRS to assess decay-extent in semi controlled conditions. Small-diameter logs have been degraded in a greenhouse and monitored at different decay levels. The indicator DwNIRS is calculated from a prediction model using multivariate statistics to predict the reference indicator DwMOE. The second part studies VRM. This method allows measuring dynamically the modulus of elasticity of logs at different decay levels. The third part is dedicated to the comparison of both methods in semi-controlled conditions and also in natural conditions.The results show that both methods allow identifying the effects of the microbial community on wood from early stages of decay. The indicators DwNIRS and DwE1 follow faithfully DwMOE even if the intrinsic variability of wood properties coupled with those bring with the microbial activity alter the precision. Thus, the definition of decay classes from DwNIRS and DwE1 limits the undesirable effects of the variability and brings closer the methods from those already used to assess decay in natural conditions. Finally, the classifications obtained from logs decayed in natural conditions are comparable and allow considering an application on real structures. Both methods are effectively adaptable to in-situ measurements with a limited degradation impact on structures
PIEDNOIR, AGNES. "Microscopie et spectroscopie locale dans le domaine infrarouge : etude et mise au point d'un microscope optique en champ proche." Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066752.
Full textCarteret, Cédric. "Etude, par spectroscopie dans le proche infrarouge, et modélisation des structures de surface et de l'hydratation de silices amorphes." Nancy 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NAN10238.
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