Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Spectroscopie du lithium'
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Iezzi, Gianluca. "Cristallochimie des amphiboles à lithium." Orléans, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ORLE2035.
Full textSafrany, Renard Marianne. "Propriétés électrochimiques et réponse structurale du polymorphe gamma'-V2O5 vis-à-vis de l'insertion du lithium et du sodium." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1185/document.
Full textThe question of energy storage is currently at the heart of many international issues. The development of storage systems such as lithium ion (LIB) and sodium ion (SIB) batteries is therefore today the subject of many researches.In this context, layered materials having an interlayer space allowing insertion of cationic species seem ideal in the context of use as a positive electrode material for these LIB and SIB systems. Among these structures, vanadium pentoxide, in its alpha form, is a model compound with many advantages as an attractive cathode material for lithium batteries. This material also has numerous stable polymorphs allowing a wide field of study of this compound.In this thesis we were interested in the gamma'-V2O5 polymorph, which exhibits a layered structure with very large interlayer space allowing an easier insertion. Therefore, increased electrochemical performances are expected for this compound. The aim of this thesis was to study the electrochemical properties and the structural response of this compound toward the insertion of lithium and sodium ions.The first part of this thesis proposes a review of the current literature studies devoted to lithium-ion and sodium batteries.In a second part, a thorough study of the electrochemical lithium and sodium insertion in the alpha-V2O5 phase are depicted. The electrochemical and structural properties of alpha-V2O5 will make it possible to highlight the advantage of using the polymorph gamma'-V2O5 as a positive electrode material for LIB and SIB.The third part of this thesis presents the synthesis and characterization of the gamma'-V2O5 polymorph. The complete study of this system is presented in the case of the insertion of lithium with a study of electrochemical performances, a kinetic study of the insertion reaction carried out by complex impedance spectroscopy and a description of the structural changes studied by X-ray diffraction and by Raman spectroscopy.In the fourth chapter, the insertion of sodium into the polymorph gamma'-V2O5 is studied, using the same approach than that adopted in the case of lithium. The structural mechanism involved during the electrochemical process is solved. The formation of a new sodium vanadium bronze, gamma-Na0.97V2O5 , is revealed and its structural determination is carried out. Due to its remarkable electrochemical characteristics, especially its high voltage of 3,3V and excellent cycling stability, the gamma'-V2O5 oxide ranks among the most performant cathode materials for sodium batteries
Dridi, Zrelli Yosra. "Électrochimie et spectroscopie Raman de matériaux d’électrode positive pour batteries Li-ion." Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1126/document.
Full textIn this work, we show the relevance of Raman spectroscopy as a useful technique to investigate the local changes induced by the electrochemical reaction of intercalation/deintercalation of lithium in positive electrode materials for rechargeable lithium ion batteries.Raman investigations concern three types of high voltage cathode materials (4-5Volts) which are layered LiCoO2 and cubic LiMn2O4 and LiNi0.4Mn1.6O4.During electrochemical deintercalation of LiCoO2, we show the existence of a two phase region where the initial hexagonal phase coexist with a second hexagonal phase with a 3% expansion of the lattice parameter indicating a weakening of the Co-O bond in the Li1-xCoO2 material.On the other hand, a new assignment of LiMn2O4 Raman spectrum was proposed. During the charge in the 4V region, a three region phase (initial LiMn2O4 phase, intermediary phase and poor lithium phase) was described using Raman spectroscopy. RX measurements can not detect this intermediary phase. Lithiated phase Raman signature shows a specific local order: Fd3m for extreme phases and F43m for partially lithiated phase. A rich Raman band spectrum is attributed to this later phase in coherence with literature calculations. Structural changes reversibility is demonstrated. Identification of this intermediary phase as a major component of a cycled electrode, underline the incomplete reduction and explain the important loss of capacity observed during cycling. Raman study of LiMn2O4 electrochemical insertion in the 3V region, has demonstrated for the first time a progressive formation of tetragonal Li2Mn2O4 phase, which is in coexistence with initial cubic phase and is pure at the end of discharge. Structural transition reversibility was also demonstrated.In the case of LiNi0.4Mn1.6O4, the assignment of the Raman spectrum of LiNi0.4Mn1.6O4 is provided for the first time. DRX study in function of the state of charge and discharge, exhibit cubic structure conservation with moderate lattice parameters variations. The Raman spectrum of the spinel oxide exhibits drastic spectral changes during Li extraction. These changes have been directly related to the Mn and Ni oxidation states in the cathode material under operation. It comes out that electrochemical reactions of LiNi0.4Mn1.6O4 are reversible and based on three redox couples of Mn3+/Mn4+, Ni2+/Ni3+, and Ni3+/Ni4+. An original and concrete Raman spectroscopy application is the study of self discharge mechanism of completely charged LiNi0.4Mn1.6O4. Raman spectra evolution exhibits a quantitative Ni4+ reduction during the first hours, and then a slower Ni3+ reduction process. Finally, LiNi0.4Mn1.6O4 lithium insertion has been explored for the first time using Raman spectroscopy, and a tetragonal Li2Ni0.4Mn1.6O4 phase has been identified.The originality of this work is the important number of experimental Raman data of 4V electrode materials. New assignment of initial compound has been proposed and original vibrationnal data of compound during charge/discharge has been presented. These Raman data has permitted to propose a quantitative explanation which must be completed with ab initio calculations to simulate vibrationnal modes frequencies/ intensities
Morales, Ugarte Jorge Eduardo. "Etude Operando des accumulateurs au lithium par couplage spectroscopie à photoémission des rayons X et spectroscopie d’impédance." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAI082.
Full textFaced with the major industrial challenges in the field of electrochemical energy storage, a fundamental research effort on the materials involved and their interfaces is nowadays essential for a gain in performance, durability and safety.In this context, it is essential to understand the interfacial processes involved that induce the degradation of the lithium metal-electrolyte interface and lead to a decrease in Coulombic efficiency and promote dendritic growth.In this thesis, we propose a study coupling electrochemical techniques such as impedance spectroscopy with surface analysis techniques such as X-ray photo-emission spectroscopy to study the chemical and electrochemical reactivity between electrolytes and a lithium metal electrode.To this end, special attention has been paid to the ionic liquids based electrolytes, which have been proposed as solvents for lithium salts, particularly for their low saturation vapor pressure, which considerably increases the safety of the batteries thus designed.Finally, this work was devoted in particular to the development of operando XPS assemblies and measurements in order to follow the chemical evolution of the interfaces inside a battery in real time
Mignoni, Sabrina. "Investigation par spectroscopie Raman des propriétés photoréfractives et microstructurales de LiNbO3 dopé." Thesis, Metz, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010METZ017S/document.
Full textLithium niobate LiNbO3 (LN) is an excellent material for various applications in particular thanks to its photorefractive (PR) properties. One of the research goals for this material consists in performing efficient PR optical waveguides for integrated optics.The objective of the thesis is to determine the optimum performing conditions for the iron (Fe) diffusion in LN, by controling its microstructure and estimating its PR properties with only one technique, Raman spectroscopy.Several LN:Fe samples have been studied within this work. The aim is, among others, to control the iron diffusion profile, and to estimate the influence of the oxidizing or reducing treatment on the different crystals.Indeed I was able to show that the microstructure has been affected not only by the introduction of a dopant as Fe, but also by the various treatments. I showed for the first time the mecanism of Fe ions incorporation in LN structures obtained by diffusion.Otherwise, I proposed a new approach of the Raman activity rules, in the way they can take into account optical nonlinearities of the second order, which is generally neglected in litterature. Thus I have established the Raman configurations where, or the intensities of the lines are enhanced, or new lines are activated by a nonlinear process. These predictions have been confirmed by experimental results obtained on many samples. At last, I was able to propose a new method for the estimation of the PR efficiency, allowing to compare usefully several samples according to their doping or treatments
Guichard, Jordan. "Etude de l'hydrolyse de l'hydrure de lithium." Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOS050/document.
Full textThe hydrolysis of LiH at room temperature and under low water vapor pressure (PH2O < 10 hPa) is investigated by thermogravimetry and FTIR spectroscopy with low sample mass. Then, to be closer to industrial conditions, hydrolysis of LiH is studied by manometry either in closed (adjustable PH2O) or open (constant PH2O) system using larger amounts of sample and heavy water. Products of the reaction are characterized by X-ray diffraction and FTIR spectroscopy. The first set of experiments show that the mechanism of hydrolysis starts with the formation of lithium oxide Li2O. Then, when the oxide layer is sufficiently thick, the hydrolysis reaction is followed by the formation of lithium hydroxide LiOH and afterwards with the formation of lithium hydroxide monohydrate LiOH, H2O. Besides, the Li2O/LiOH outer layer forms a protective barrier on the surface of LiH. The second set of experiments clearly highlights for the first time that the hydrolysis reaction occurs in two steps: first water is adsorbed on the LiH surface and then the hydrolysis reaction starts. The reaction rate is however extremely low and only a very small fraction of LiH is hydrolysed. The kinetic can be well predicted by the shrinking-core model limited by the diffusion through the external ash layer (Li2O and/or LiOH). For practical application, it is concluded that if the LiH powder is stored for several years under a controlled atmosphere or in a sealed container where the vapor water pressure is less than 0.04 hPa, there is no major risk of LiOH formation
Seung, Do-Young. "Approche structurale et étude de la conduction ionique de verres à base de thioarsenite de lithium et de verres à formateur mixte, thioborate et thioarsenite de lithium." Bordeaux 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR10544.
Full textFleutot, Benoit. "Amélioration des performances des microbatteries au lithium : corrélation entre la structure locale et la conductivité ionique d’électrolytes solides amorphes." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14162/document.
Full textMicrobatteries are energy sources well-adapted to power microsystems such as the real time clock of mobile phones, smart tags RFID. To be considered as a microelectronic component, the microbattery must be compatible with the solder-reflow process which reaches a temperature of 260 °C during few seconds. During this Ph-D, various thin films of LiPON (lithium phosphate oxynitride) used as amorphous solid electrolyte have been prepared by sputtering. As this material presents limited performances for an application of the microbattery at low temperature, we have investigated the influence of its composition and local structure on its electrical performances. In addition, a decrease of its performances has been noticed after solder-reflow. In this work, we have proposed a new material, much more thermally stable. Finally, we have studied the compatibility of other active layers as well as the all-solid-state microbattery towards the solder-reflow
Dollé, Mickael. "Etude par spectroscopie d'impédance électrochimique, couplée à la microscopie électronique, d'interfaces de batteries au lithium et à ions lithium." Amiens, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AMIE0207.
Full textZhang, Wanjie. "Etude des interfaces de batteries lithium-ion : application aux anodes de conversion." Thesis, Pau, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PAUU3024/document.
Full textIn the past decades, the need for portable power has accelerated due to the miniaturization of electronic appliances. It continues to drive research and development of advanced energy systems, especially for lithium ion battery systems. As a consequence, conversion materials for lithium-ion batteries, including Sb and Sn-based compounds, have attracted much intense attention for their high storage capacities. Among conversion materials, TiSnSb has been recently developed as a negative electrode for lithium-ion batteries. This material is able to reversibly take up 6.5 Li per formula unit which corresponds to a specific capacity of 580 mAh/g. In the field of lithium-ion battery research, the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) as a protective passivation film formed at electrode surface owing to the reduction of the electrolyte components, has been considered as a determinant factor on the performances of lithium-ion battery. Thus it has been a focused topic of many researches. However, little information can be found about the formation and composition of the SEI layer formed on TiSnSb conversion electrode at this time. With the aim to investigate the influences of the SEI layer on the performances of composite TiSnSb electrode, we first studied the electrochemical properties of the electrode from various aspects, including the effects of cycling rates, electrolyte additives, as well as room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs). Especially, a RTILs-based electrolyte system was developed and optimized by evaluating its physicochemical properties to be able to further improve the performances of TiSnSb electrode. In order to characterize the SEI layer formed at electrode surface, we performed X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). This study allowed to target some essential parameters concerning electrochemical performances linked with the nature of the solid electrolyte interphase.*
Mauchamp, Vincent. "La spectroscopie de perte d'énergie des électrons appliquée aux batteries au lithium : expériences et simulation s au seuil K du lithium." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT2071.
Full textThis work presents combined experimental and theoretical studies at the lithium K-edge that aim at allowing for better understanding of the properties of lithium battery materials. Electron Energy-Loss spectra (EELS) are analyzed thanks to the simulations of the Electron Energy-Loss Near Edge Structures (ELNES) using electronic structure calculations based on the Density Functional Theory (DFT). After a concise description of the DFT, both approaches used for the simulation of the spectra (Bethe theory and the calculation of the dielectric function) as well as the associated calculation codes are extensively described. The second chapter deals with the experimental aspects: particular attention is paid to the control of the sample oxidation and the processing of the experimental spectra. The accurate simulation of the lithium K-edge is the topic of the third chapter. Difficulties raised by the semi-core nature of the lithium 1s orbital are emphasized and the screening effects at the lithium K-edge due to transition metals M2,3 edges are discussed. Calculations show the small influence of Local Field Effects on the lithium K-edge. Finally, a systematic study of a new family of compounds with a LixTiP4 formulation (2< x < 11) is presented. These are promising materials for lithium battery negative electrodes. It is shown, thanks to the ELNES analysis, that lithium atoms are preferentially inserted in tetrahedral sites for low lithium contents. Moreover, comparison between spectra recorded during the oxidation and the reduction processes confirm the biphasic nature of the material during the oxidation phase
Elbelrhiti, Elalaoui Abdelbaki Fontana Marc. "Spectroscopie Raman et étude des propriétés électrooptiques du Tétraborate de Lithium Li2B4O7(LTB)." Metz : Université Metz, 2008. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/2002/Elbelrhitti_Elalaoui.Abdelbaki.SMZ0215.pdf.
Full textMauchamp, V. "LA SPECTROSCOPIE DE PERTE D'ÉNERGIE DES ÉLECTRONS APPLIQUÉE AUX BATTERIES AU LITHIUM : EXPÉRIENCES ET SIMULATIONS AU SEUIL K DU LITHIUM." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00424048.
Full textDecitre, Sylvie. "Variations de la composition isotopique du lithium dans les péridotites océaniques serpentinisées et dans le manteau : implications pour le cycle du lithium." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPL037N.
Full textNaudin, Coralie. "Étude par spectroscopies infrarouge et Raman des composants d'un accumulateur lithium-métal polymère." Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR12579.
Full textKokanyan, Ninel. "Études par spectroscopie Raman polarisée des effets photoélectrostrictifs dans LiNbO3 photoréfractif." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0087/document.
Full textLithium Niobate is an optical material used in many applications in optoelectronics through its electro-optical, piezoelectric and quite exceptional nonlinear optical properties. Among these properties and applications, the photorefractive effect has created numerous studies. This effect depends on the nature and the concentration of dopant; in particular by doping with Fe ions is known to increase the photorefractive efficiency. It is therefore important to know and to manage the structure of the material during Fe doping. The aim of the thesis is to study Raman spectra changes generated by the photorefractive effect. Our results show that the photorefractivity is manifested by different effects : a mechanical deformation of the crystal lattice, causing a displacement of some Raman lines ; the defocusing of the laser beam disrupting its propagation in the material, and thus changes in the Raman spectrum ; nonlinear effects of polarization manifested by activating of forbidden Raman lines
Michel-Lledos, Valérie. "Verres chalcogénures conducteurs par ions lithium : caractérisations électriques et structurales." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20279.
Full textMarx, Nicolas. "Synthèse et caractérisation de nouveaux phosphates utilisés comme matériaux d’électrode positive pour batteries au lithium." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14194/document.
Full textThis work deals with the synthesis and characterization of new positive electrode materials for lithium batteries. Our researches were mainly focused on phosphates of transition metals, and especially on the tavorite-type materials of composition (H,Li)FePO4(OH). Their structure is characterized by a three-dimensional network with different types of tunnels, which can host inserted lithium ions. In this context, LiFePO4(OH) structure was perfectly solved, as well as that of FePO4.H2O, which is a new iron (III) phosphate discovered during this work. These two materials, together with those obtained by heat-treatment of FePO4.H2O, were characterized using different analytical techniques. Their electrochemical behavior toward intercalation / deintercalation of lithium was also studied, as well as the structural and redox processes involved
Koo, Bon Min. "Étude physico-chimique du silicium amorphe méthylé pour l'électrode négative de batteries Li-ion." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLX092/document.
Full textPrevious studies showed that the incorporation of methyl groups in silicon thin films obtained by Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD) improves their stability as negative electrodes in Li-ion batteries. In this thesis, several approaches have been used to understand phenomena occurring in the so-called "methylated amorphous silicon" during realistic cycling condition.We have shown that infrared spectroscopy operando in attenuated total reflection geometry (ATR-FTIR) provides quantitative information on the phenomena involved during the lithiation and the delithiation of the active material. The gradual increase of the absorbance during the first lithiation makes it possible to follow the formation of a lithium-rich phase LizSi which gradually invades the material. We have shown that the concentration z of lithium in this phase depends on the content of methyl groups. This behavior has been explained by two distinct effects: (1) the weakening of the material due to the methyl-induced lowering of its reticulation degree and cohesion. (2) the increase of the material porosity at high enough methyl content. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) measurements revealed that a porosity is present at the nanometer scale in the active material and increases with methyl content. Time-Of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy measurements performed at Chimie ParisTech have shown that the lithium invasion of the pristine active material from the lithium-rich phase is an utterly slow phenomenon (corresponding to a diffusion coefficient D ~10-19 cm2).We observed Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) evolution during first cycle depends on cycling rate and methyl content, using operando ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and electrochemical methods.The evolution of the material after interruption of the electrochemical lithiation at several states of charge has been monitored using operando ATR-FTIR spetroscopy and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). Those measurements show that part of the lithium initially inserted in the layer returns to the electrolyte during relaxation and contributes to the growth of the SEI
Stout, Jacques. "Spectroscopie et Imagerie RMN multi-noyaux à très haut champ magnétique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS312/document.
Full textBipolar disorder is a chronic affective disorder affecting 1 to 3% of the adult population worldwide and has a high level of comorbidity with suicide rates, substance abuse and other harmful conditions. The disorder has possible ties to schizophrenia and has been observed to have a strong genetic component. The exact biological underpinnings have not been firmly established, however abnormalities in limbic subcortical and prefrontal areas have been observed.Ever since its discovery more than half a century ago, a daily intake of Lithium salts has arguably become the most reliable treatment of the disorder, despite us possessing little to no understanding of its biochemical action. In order to shed some light on the effect of Lithium in the brain, we have developed Lithium-7 MR imaging at 7 and 17 Tesla in order to assess its cerebral concentration and distribution. Specifically, I worked on developing and validating several acquisition, reconstruction and quantification methods dedicated to 7Li MRI and MRS. Those methods were first applied to study ex vivo the cerebral distribution of lithium in rats. These rats were pretreated for 28 days with Li2CO3, sacrificed and their head fixated with PFA. Using a home-made 1H/7Li radiofrequency surface coil and a 7Li Turbo Spin echo acquisition and a modified phantom replacement method for quantification, we were able to measure Li concentration maps. Regional Li concentration values were then compared with those obtained with mass spectrometry.After this preclinical proof-of-concept study, an in vivo 7Li MRI protocol was designed to map the cerebral Li concentration in euthymic bipolar subjects at 7T. These individuals all followed a regular lithium treatment. For this study, we chose to use an ultra-short echo-time Steady State Free Precession sequence with non-Cartesian k-space sampling. A quantification and analysis pipeline similar to the one used for our preclinical study was applied for this study, with the addition of a correction step for B0 inhomogeneities. After conducting a statistical analysis at the cohort level, it was assessed that the left hippocampus, a major part of the limbic system that has been associated with BD on multiple occasions, exhibited systematically a high level of lithium. Finally, I developed a quantification method accounting for the different relaxation times of 7Li in the CSF and in the brain parenchyma. This method was applied to image lithium at 7T in a subset of bipolar patients reducing drastically the differences initially observed between the SSFP and bSSFP sequences
Eddaoudi, Hassan. "Etude spectrométrique infrarouge et raman des hydrures solides MAlH₄ et MAlD₄ (M=Li, Na)." Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO19030.
Full textMouras, Rabah Fontana Marc. "Etude par spectroscopie Raman de l'effet des défauts sur les propriétés vibrationnelles, phototéfractives et électro-optiques des cristaux de niobate de lithium (LiNbO3) purs et dopés." Metz : Université Metz, 2008. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/2002/Mouras.Rabah.SMZ0203.pdf.
Full textDanet, Julien. "Les alliages LixSi : analyse par spectroscopie de perte d'énergiedes électrons et caractérisation électrochimique en accumulateur au lithium." Nantes, 2011. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=14c96865-b8c3-4ac8-a1e1-d84fd325d45e.
Full textWith a theoretical capacity of 3579 mAh. G-1 (Li15Si4), silicon is considered to be a promising material for negative electrodes in lithium-ion batteries. While research for optimizing the formulation of siliconbased electrodes is widespread, this PhD thesis provides an original approach by focusing on the characterization of the storage and extraction of lithium in silicon. In order to observe these phenomena at a nanoscale, the use of an electron energy-loss spectrometer (EELS) coupled with a transition electron microscope (TEM) proved to be particularly suitable. The implementation of this technique however required the prior creation of a database. Obtained from crystallized alloys of known compositions, this database led us to establish a relationship between the composition of LixSi alloys and their plasmon energy positions measured by EELS. The application of this database to the local-composition analysis of silicon-based electrodes revealed a two-phase Si/Li2,9 system during the first storage of lithium. Considering that, to date, few electrochemical research papers have been published on crystallized LixSi alloys, the electrochemical cycling behavior of these alloys was studied. The results revealed not only the possibility to use these alloys as a source of lithium, but also secondary reactions between carbon, the crystallized alloy and the electrolyte
Harhira, Aissa, and A. Harhira. "Photoluminescence polaron dans le niobate de lithium: Approche expérimentale et modélisation." Phd thesis, Université de Metz, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00467591.
Full textBoyanov, Siméon. "Performances et mécanismes électrochimiques des phosphures de fer et nickel comme anode dans les batteries lithium-ion." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20131.
Full textDridi, Zrelli Yosra. "Électrochimie et spectroscopie Raman de matériaux d'électrode positive pour batteries Li-ion." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00807008.
Full textBenmouhoub, Chafia. "Lab-on-chip opto-électronique sur Niobate de Lithium." Thesis, Besançon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BESA2068.
Full textThe work of this thesis is part of a project of a Lab-On-Chip development intended for biosensing. The de-signed platforms are based on integrated optical circuits on lithium niobate. The peculiarity of these circuits isthat they incorporate the phenomenon of interference with the function of guiding light waves. The interferometricfunction is provided by a Fabry-Perot cavity embedded in a straight waveguide and a Mach-Zehnder structure.When the surface of these circuits substrates is biofunctionalized, these microsystems become sensitive to targetmolecules. This sensitivity results in a variation of the effective index of the propagation wave by evanescent cou-pling and modifying the resonance conditions of the Fabry-Perot resonator. The real challenge of this work liesin the biofunctionalization of lithium niobate. To our knowledge, this guided optics favorite material thanks toits exceptional physical properties has been hitherto rarely subject to chemical surface modifications. Successfulimplementation of amino functions on the surface of this material has generating a covalent bond between thissubstrate and the functional groups of the probe molecules. Due to the high affinity between avidin and biotin, thiscouple served as a model for the development of biosensors. A real-time monitoring of surface interactions wasmade possible by experimentation on one of biosensors
Villevieille, Claire. "Matériaux d'insertion et/ou de conversion comme nouveaux matériaux d'electrodes négatives pour batteries Lithium-ion." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20147.
Full textThe thesis work, presented in this manuscript, is devoted to the study of two new families of materials used as negative electrode in Li-ion batteries : the antimonides transition metals Fe1-xNixSb2 (x= 0 ; 0. 5 ; 1) and a modified titanium oxide ramsdellite (Li2Ti3O7). The aim of this study is to identify and understand the electrochemical mechanism during the cycling of the battery. The both properties and electrochemical performance of these two negative electrode families are very different, implying electrochemical behavior and application fields totally different. Several complementary experimental techniques (X-Ray Diffraction; Mössbauer Spectroscopy, …) have been used in order to describe the starting materials and the phases obtained during the cycling. The mechanisms of the electrochemical reaction are either insertion (solid solution type inside ramsdellite materials) biphasing-type (reaction spinel ↔ NaCl), with sometimes formation of intermediate phase never described in the literature (LixNiSb2, or Li4Fe0. 5Sb2), or “conversion”-type (LixNiSb2 --> 2Li3Sb + Ni°). Reversibility, kinetic and stability of intermediate phases are primary to control the performance of the battery
Zhang, Yun Guilbert Laurent. "Caractérisation spectroscopique du niobate de lithium sous forme de cristaux massifs et de guides d'onde." Metz : Université Metz, 2008. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/2004/Zhang.Yun.SMZ0402.pdf.
Full textYassine, Hassan. "Etude par la spectroscopie d'impédance et le bruit des propriétés électrochimiques de piles Lithium-ion." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Littoral, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023DUNK0689.
Full textIn this work, we propose to study commercial Lithium-ion coin cells, known as rechargeable Li-ion cells, which are the elementary cells of a Lithium battery. Li-ion batteries are made up of various organic and inorganic multilayer materials, including 2 electrodes, cathode and anode, between which lithium ions circulate during charging and discharging. As a result,the ageing of Li-ion batteries and having a maximum number of charge/discharge cycleslimit their lifespan. The Li-ion batteries studied, type CR2032, with a capacity of 45 mAh, have a maximum number of 400 cycles to maintain a capacity of 36 mAh. The aim of this thesis is to study the ageing of Li-ion button cells using two characterization techniques : electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and electrochemical noise (ECN). The ageing methodology consists of two clearly differentiated studies : cycling ageing and calendar ageing (= ageing over time). For ageing by cycling, successive charge and discharge cycles of different durations, from 20 h (C/20) to 20 min (3C), were carried out.We then carry out complex electrochemical impedanceand electrochemical noise measurements over a wide frequency range, from mHz to MHz, as well as capacity and voltage measurements. These measurements enable us to determine differential capacity dQ/dV and differential voltages dV/dQ. With ageing by cycling, an increase in polarization resistance and loss of capacity are observed, as well as an increase in noise level.All these measurements enabled us to attribute the cycling ageing of a Li-ion battery to the loss of cycling lithiums and active materials at the cathode. The second ageing study involved calendar ageing, without applied voltage, by taking impedance and electrochemical noise measurements every 60 days to monitor the evolution of impedance, capacity, voltage and noise levels. The aging observed after 21 months is partly restored by a slow discharge/charge cycle at C/20. However, the Li-ion battery continues to age, as a result of irreversible loss of active material at the cathode
Mouras, Rabah. "Étude par spectroscopie Raman de l'effet des défauts sur les propriétés vibrationnelles, phototéfractives et électro-optiques des cristaux de niobate de lithium (LiNbO3) purs et dopés." Metz, 2002. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2002/Mouras.Rabah.SMZ0203.pdf.
Full textSimonnard, Cyriaque. "Contribution à l'étude des intercalations anodique et cathodique dans le graphite : application aux accumulateurs à ion lithium et à un vérin électrochimique : thèse de doctorat en sciences spécialité Electrochimie - Chimie des matériaux." Reims, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REIMS026.
Full textThe first part of this work is devoted to lithium intercalation into some varieties of various graphite, considering their use as negative electrodes in lithium ions secondary batteries. It is known that the formation of lithium dendrites, which appear when metallic lithium is cycled, is avoided on these electrodes. The analysis of GITT curves allow to compare the diffusion coefficients of lithium ions in HOPG and in powdered natural graphite. The relativity high and constant values calculated for these coefficients (about 10-7 cm2/s) suggest that they reflect the intrinsic diffusion in the carbon matrix. Electrochemical Impedance Spectra obtained for intercalated compounds are modelled by the way of Transmission Lines. The comparison of these spectra with the ones obtained for metallic lithium electrode suggests that the Solid Electrolyte Interphase, present in both cases, contributes itself in charges stocking. The second part concerns the development of an electrochemical jack device using the intercalation of sulphuric acid into a pyrocarbon. Fundamentally, a specific behaviour of this low temperature carbon is evidenced. Noteworthy are a long potential plateau at the beginning of the intercalation process, together with a large and constant hysteresis between intercalation and de-intercalation. These phenomena are interpreted by the way of passivation and trans-passivation processes, involving the formation of sulfonic or quinonic groups around graphite crystallites. Practical tests on the jack prototype are incentive, both considering its cycling life and mechanical thrusts. An analysis of running conditions under constant current or voltage is presented
Moulin, Béatrice. "Spectrométrie de diffusion Raman pulsée pour les hautes températures : application à LiNbO3 et d'autres oxydes modèles." Orléans, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ORLE2050.
Full textMarie, Angélique. "Liquides ioniques aprotiques et protiques : effets d'interface dans les ionogels à base de silice." Thesis, Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NANT4060.
Full textThe aim of this thesis work is to deepen understanding of the physico-chemisty of confined ionic liquids (ILs) by probing in particular the interactions at the interface with the confining matrix. Ionogels were prepared from silica matrices with macro and mesoscopic hierarchical porosity and two ILs, Pyr14 TFSI (aprotic) and PyrH4 TFSI (protic), pure or with Li+ or Na+. First, the macroscopic effects of confinement on phase transitions and the conductivity of ILs were analyzed. The melting temperature of Pyr14 TFSI increases by confinement, while that of PyrH4 TFSI decreases : the two ILs have therefore different interactions with the silica surface. A smaller variation in the melting temperature in confinement in the presence of Li+ and Na+ indicates disturbances in interactions with the surface. The presence of Li+ and Na+ also modifies the evolution of the conductivity of ILs depending on mesopore size. In a second step, the interactions between the TFSI anions and its cationic environment were studied by Raman spectrometry. After decomposition of the spectra, two trends are observed: (i) the coordination of Li+ and Na+ is lowered by confinement and this more strongly in the presence of Pyr14 cations than in the presence of PyrH4 cations and (ii) the TFSI population in cis conformation increases when the mesopore size of the confining matrix decreases
Grolleau, Sébastien. "Vieillissement calendaire des accumulateurs Lithium-Ion : modélisation et analysese." Caen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN2079.
Full textCalendar aging has been studied for two types of commercial lithium-ion cells of different chemistries. Capacity loss is explained by the gradual growth of the SEI (Solid Electrolyte Interphase) at the negative electrode / electrolyte interface. A semi-empirical aging model is proposed taking account temperature and state of charge dependencies in a simple manner, from the results of 9 different storage test conditions. Electrochemical spectroscopy results show that both high and medium frequencies are linearly correlated with capacity loss, not only for both technologies but also whichever the tested calendar aging condition. This interesting result allows practical use of resistances for a rapid diagnostic method of the battery capacity. Besides, to estimate the impact of a daily use of a battery, an original test protocol was carried out in which 88% of the aging time is spent at rest. This provides a realistic repartition between rest and cycling times in applications such as electric vehicles. Three different charging scenarios were investigated. After one year of aging, comparison between storage tests and these additional tests showed that cell deterioration is twice faster when cell is cycled at low rate and during a very limited proportion of time. On the other hand, setting the maximum state of charge to 60% in comparison with a full recharge leads to a significant improvement of the cell lifetime by more than 100%. Finally, post-mortem analysis of cells submitted to the aforementioned protocol showed that aging mechanisms are globally similar as such observed during a pure calendar aging
Khardi, Salah. "Spectroscopie faisceau-lame du silicium, du soufre et de l'argon à trois, quatre et cinq électrons." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO10190.
Full textChami, Marianne. "Accumulateur lithium métal à électrolyte polymère gélifié : caractérisation des constituants et des interfaces en spectroscopies vibrationnelles." Bordeaux 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR13011.
Full textBenayad, Anass. "Etude par spectroscopie photoélectronique à rayonnement X (XPS) de matériaux potentiels d'électrode positive pour microaccumulateurs au lithium." Bordeaux 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR13127.
Full textGardet, Georges. "Application et développement de calculs type fonctionnelle de la densité pour la détermination de propriétés spectrales structurales et énergétiques d'agrégats de lithium." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10136.
Full textSchweizer, Pia. "Analyse et quantification du lithium par le développement d'un dispositif innovant de spectrométrie et microanalyse X." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2024SORUS207.pdf.
Full textQuantitative analysis of lithium is feasible today, but relies on the use of destructive techniques. Local non-destructive quantitative analysis remains challenging using traditional laboratory spectroscopic methods. The aim of this thesis is to develop an innovative device for lithium quantification using electron probe microanalysis. By implementing a periodic multilayer and ultra-thin separation windows into the spectrometer of a Castaing microprobe, spectroscopy in the extreme low photon energy range, including Li K measurement was possible. Despite the significant analytical challenges, mainly linked to the specificities of the instrumentation and to various physical phenomena such as low lithium fluorescence yield and strong absorption of the characteristic photons in the sample, quantitative results were obtained for different materials with lithium mass fractions ranging from 4 % to 9 % and detection limits lower than one percent. Two different quantification approaches based on measurement with real standards and Monte Carlo simulations to create virtual standards were employed. In addition, experimental measurement of photon attenuation coefficients in the ultra-soft X-ray range provided precision to existing databases for different elements, helping to improve the accuracy of results. Despite persistent challenges, this work paves the way for further advances in lithium quantification by electron probe microanalysis and represents an important first step towards future development of this technique
Fantin, Roberto. "Etude des matériaux d'électrode positive pour accumulateurs lithium-ions par spectroscopie de photoémission à rayonnement X mous et durs expérimentale et théorique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALI027.
Full textThis thesis has the objective to understand the redox compensation mechanism of positive electrode materials sustaining lithium-ion battery (dis-)charge processes. The study is conducted for LiNiO2, Li2MnO3, and LiCoO2, archetype materials for the state-of-art high-energy positive electrode materials Li[NixMnyCoz]O2. Despite these materials having been studied for decades, the link between electronic correlations and redox mechanism during (de-)lithiation is not well understood. In particular, the role of transition metals and oxygen ions in the redox process is yet to be clarified and resolved in-depth from the surface towards the bulk.To this goal, we establish a novel methodology based on laboratory- and synchrotron-based soft and hard X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS, HAXPES) to probe qualitatively and quantitatively the electronic structure from the extreme surface down to ~20-30 nm. This allows us to follow the evolution of positive solid electrode-electrolyte interphase, surface electrode material degradation, and bulk electronic structure upon cycling. Notably, the thickness and chemical structure of the surface degradation layer depends on the increase of oxygen valence, related to its interaction with the transition metal. Subsequently, we investigate the evolution of the bulk electronic structure upon cycling by analyzing the transition metal 2p core-level HAXPES spectra with electronic structure simulations based on density functional (DFT) and cluster model (CMT) theories. We evaluate the role of transition metals and oxygen in the redox process by quantifying the 3d-3d Coulomb repulsion and oxygen ligand-metal 2p-3d charge transfer (Δ). The spectra analysis for LiCoO2 and LiNiO2 highlights a decrease of Δ towards the negative charge transfer regime indicating a leading role of the oxygen ions in the charge compensation mechanism. The delithiation process is therefore controlled by the local electron transfer from oxygen 2p orbitals to limit charge accumulation in the metal 3d orbitals
Aboulaich, Abdelmaula. "Electrodes négatives pour batteries rechargeables Lithium ion : dispersion d'espèces électroactives dans une matrice." Phd thesis, Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20232.
Full textNaboulsi, Agathe. "Composite organic-inorganic membrane as new electrolyte in all solid-state battery." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS451.
Full textThe development of all-solid-state batteries is essential if we are to make a success of the ecological transition and the deployment of all-electric vehicles. One way of developing this sector is to produce an all-solid electrolyte (SE). Poly(ethylene glycol)-based polymer SEs have the advantage of being adaptable to current Li-ion battery manufacturing processes. Unfortunately, their conductivity remains limited (10-6 - 10-9 S.cm-1) at ambient temperature. Interestingly, inorganic SEs, such as Li7La3Zr2O12, are good ionic conductors (10-3 S.cm-1), but they require costly and energy-intensive shaping processes. This thesis aimed to develop composite SEs that combine the advantages of these two materials. The work focused on the design of a high-performance composite SE and the study of transport mechanisms at the interface of these two materials. An in-depth study of a polymer SE was carried out in order to optimize its synthesis from liquid and commercial monomers. Taking advantage of this synthesis design, various composite SE shaping processes (low-temperature sintering, electro-assisted extrusion, evaporation casting) were explored in order to control the mixing of the two materials and their interface. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy has been widely used to understand transport phenomena in composite SEs
Hammoum, Rachid. "Etude par spectroscopie Raman de la structure des domaines périodiquement polarisés dans le niobate de lithium (PPLN)." Phd thesis, Université de Metz, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00354835.
Full textNOUH, SALIM. "Oscillation laser et spectroscopie dans les guides d'onde tantalate de lithium dope neodyme realises par echange protonique." Nice, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NICE4793.
Full textBasso-Bert, Thomas. "Etude de l'élaboration et des performances électrochimiques de séparateurs électrolytiques composites polymère-céramique pour des batteries au Lithium métal." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALI036.
Full textTo boost the energy density of lithium-based accumulators, two levers are commonly studied: the energy density and the potential of electrode materials. The use of Li metal as a negative electrode is undoubtedly an appropriate solution to address these challenges since it has the highest gravimetric capacity (3860mAh/g) and very low reducing potential (-3.04 V vs. Standard Hydrogen Electrode). However, a couple of harmful phenomena prevent from using this ideal negative electrode, such as the dendritic growth during the electrodeposition of Lithium metal when a conventional organic liquid electrolyte is used. As a result, the research has been focusing on the development of numerous solid-state electrolytes (SSE) materials, having high Li+ ionic conductivity, high Li+ transport number, large electrochemical stability window, low cost, recyclable. Despite of breakthroughs for both ceramics or polymers fields (and even composites of both), no room temperature SSE has been developed at industrial scale so far [1].In that context, a new concept [2] of composite polymer/ceramic membrane is studied to be implemented within a Lithium Metal battery. It consists of an electrolytic separator where the Li1.3Al0,3Ti1,7(PO4)3 (LATP) ceramic forms one mono layer of monocrystalline and monodispersed grains bonded with a Poly(ethylene)-based matrix. The LATP grains are the Li+ conducting media allowing the Li+ percolation from one side to another while the Poly(ethylene)-based matrix which is ionically and electronically insulating, and, above all, impermeable to most of conventional Li-ion batteries solvents and Li salts, ensuring both the membrane tightening and very good flexibility (figure 1.a.). Herein, this composite membrane is elaborated via a low cost, solvent free process thanks to extrusion and calendering which can be industrially upscaled unlike the very complex and multistep processes suggested in the literature so far [2,3]. The microstructure of the composite separators was characterized by SEM and X-ray Tomography imaging to better understand the influences of the ceramic, the polymer type, and the elaboration process parameters. The Li+ ionic conductivity of the composite membranes as a function of the ceramic content have been studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and a high conductivity of 0.49 mS/cm has been measured at 25°C (50vol% LATP, figure 1.b.). Acting as a chemical barrier, this composite membrane allows the optimization of electrolyte chemistries at both the anode side and the cathode sides. Hence, the ionic charge transfer mechanisms in symmetric electrolyte/membrane/electrolyte systems have been also studied by EIS to determine the driving parameters such as the solvent type, the Li salt type and concentration [4].References:[1] Janek, J. & Zeier, W. G. A solid future for battery development. Nat. Energy 1, 1–4 (2016)[2] Aetukuri, N. B. et al. Flexible Ion-Conducting Composite Membranes for Lithium Batteries. Adv. Energy Mater. 5, 1–6 (2015)[3] Samuthira Pandian, A. et al. Flexible, Synergistic Ceramic-Polymer Hybrid Solid-State Electrolyte for Secondary Lithium Metal Batteries. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 3, 12709–12715 (2020)[4] Isaac, J. A., Mangani, L. R., Devaux, D. & Bouchet, R. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy of PEO-LATP Model Multilayers: Ionic Charge Transport and Transfer. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 14, 13158–13168 (2022)
Piana, Giulia. "Electrolyte solide innovant à base de liquides ioniques pour micro-accumulateurs au lithium : réalisation par voie humide et caractérisation des propriétés de transport." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS359/document.
Full textNew deposition techniques compatible with making tridimensional geometries are currently being investigated with the aim of improving the performances of lithium microbatteries. This work focuses on the development of a new quasi-solid electrolyte deposited by a “wet process”. An ionic liquid-based membrane containing a lithium salt was prepared by the photo-induced polymerization of a dimethacrylate oligomer. New methods such as a new type of conductivity cell based on planar interdigitated electrodes to measure ionic conductivity as well as in-situ monitoring of photo-polymerization using impedance spectroscopy were used. Transport properties of lithium ion were measured by PGSE-NMR. Interestingly, a significant reduction of lithium ion mobility was observed after UV-curing while the total ionic conductivity only decreased slightly. This phenomenon is due to the formation of lithium ion complexes with ethylene oxide moieties of the solid matrix, evidenced by Raman spectroscopy measurements. Additionally, we have shown that the structures of the complexes depend on the salt concentration and a dual solid/liquid transport mechanism was suggested. Hence, in order to improve lithium ion diffusion, a co-polymer was added in an attempt to decrease the cross-linking density of the solid matrix thus improving its segmental motion. The cyclability of the all solid state micro batteries was indeed improved. Comparable performances with the standard solid electrolyte LiPON were obtained at room temperature. In summary, it was established that electrochemical performances of the solid state microbatteries depend to a certain extent on the structure of the polymer electrolyte. Therefore it is possible to find new ways in designing these types of electrolytes for further improvement
Chhor, Sarine. "Etude et modélisation de l'interface graphite/électrolyte dans les batteries lithium-ion." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENI067/document.
Full textThis work relates to the lithium ion battery field. The purpose of this study is tobetter understand the behavior of graphite electrodes by focusing on the formationof a passive layer named Solid Electolyte Interface (SEI) which is formed at thegraphite/electrolyte interface. This work has led us to put forward models whichcan explain the SEI formation and identify the reactions which take place in alithium ion battery.The SEI results from reactions between graphite electrode, lithium ions and organicmolecules from the electrolyte during the first charge of the lithium ion battery. It ismainly composed of decomposition products from the electrolyte. Consumed lithiumions can no longer be used in the next cycle. The SEI is therefore responsible for theirreversible capacity during the first formation cycle which is the charge loss betweenthe intercalation process and the deintercalation process. It is necessary to betterunderstand the impact of the formation conditions and other parameters in orderto control and limit the irreversible charge loss. Lithium ion battery performancesdepend on this irreversible capacity, this value has to be reduced in order to maximizethe amount of exchanged lithium ions between negative and positive electrodes. TheSEI stability will determine the electrode behavior upon cycling.In this thesis, we chose to study the graphite behavior by testing several electrolytecompositions and graphite particle sizes in electrochemical cells similar to areal battery. Electrochemical techniques (galvanostatic cycling and electrochemicalimpedance spectroscopy) and surface analyses (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy) will be combined. These results helped us to developa new model of the SEI formation.For the electrolyte, we chose to study the effect of the solvent (propylene carbonate)and the additive (vinylene carbonate). Both components are commonly used inthe electrolyte for commercial lithium ion batteries. For the graphite electrode, thechoice of graphite particles is essential because each graphite family has its ownsurface chemistry (basal and prismatic surfaces) which can react in many wayswith the electrolyte. Two graphite particles, with specific sizes and morphologiesare studied. They are separately used as active materials for negative electrodes inlithium ion batteries. Our unique approach is to prepare graphite electrodes basedon a mix of both particles with various compositions and then test the electrode225performances. After testing several formation conditions such as the cycling rateand the temperature, we found the ideal formation conditions for minimizing theelectrolyte decomposition and optimizing the film quality.Finally, based on all the characterization methods, we came to a better understandingof the film formation process. In this way, we have improved this essentialpreliminary step which can now lead to more durable cycling performances overtime. This study can have a major impact on the industrial level. The formationmodel cast a new light on the formation process and can therefore help to makeefficient graphite electrodes
Walus, Sylwia. "Accumulateur lithium/soufre : développement et compréhension des mécanismes électrochimiques." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAI020/document.
Full textIn this work two main aspects has been conducted in parallel. The first one was focused on betterunderstanding the very complex working mechanism of Li/S cell. Structural changes evolution ofactive material upon real time battery operation was explored, giving a clear answer on thesolid/liquid reaction evolution, which govern the electrochemistry of Li/S technology. Formationof another allotropic form of sulfur (monoclinic beta-S8) during recharging the battery have beenreported for the first time ever in Li/S community. Impedance technique applied to such systemprovided additional information concerning the kinetics of these reactions. Apart from that,another aspect targeted rather on improvements of already existing solutions (making better sulfurelectrodes, with significantly improved specific capacities) as well as development the alternativesolutions, i.e. fabrication and test of new Li2S-based positive electrodes, which could be apromising transition from classical Li/S cells into safer Li-ion/S batteries
Aboulaich, Abdelmaula. "Electrodes négatives pour batteries rechargeables lithium ion : dispersion d'espèces électroactives dans une matrice." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00355604.
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