Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Spectroscopie du bruit de spin'
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Abbas, Chahine. "Optical spectroscopy of indirect excitons and electron spins in semiconductor nanostructures." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS049.
Full textThis work provides an optical study of spin dynamics in two different systems: electrons gas in n-doped CdTe thin layers, and indirect excitons in asymmetric GaAs coupled quantum wells. Time and polar resolved photoluminescence and pump-probe spectroscopy allowed the determination of both the lifetime and the relaxation time of indirect excitons.The global behaviour of the dedicated biased sample has been described, major technical constraints have been pointed out and optimal working conditions have been identified. In photoluminescence, we obtained a lifetime of 15 ns and a spin relaxation time of 5 ns. Pump-probe spectroscopy with an exceptional delay range shown that longer characteristic times could be obtained increasing the delay between two laser pulses.An other optical method has been used to study electrons in CdTe thin layers. Spin noise spectroscopy has recently emerged as an ideal tool to study dynamics of spin systems through their spontaneous fluctuations which are encoded in the polarisation state of a laser beam by means of Faraday rotation. Common spin noise setups provide only temporal fluctuations, spatial information being lost averaging the signal on the laser spot. Here, we demonstrate the first implementation of a spin noise setup providing both spatial and temporal spin correlations thanks to a wave vector selectivity of the scattered light. This gave us the opportunity to measure both the spin relaxation time and the spin diffusion coefficient. This complete vision of the spin dynamics in CdTe has been compared to our understanding of spin physics in GaAs. Against all odds, this knowledge seems not to be directly transposable from GaAs to CdTe
Gundín, Martínez Manuel. "Spin Noise Spectroscopy of single spins using single detected photons." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASP054.
Full textQuantum emitters capable of high-fidelity and high-rate operation are the cornerstone of photonic quantum technologies, which require increasing precision in the manipulation of single qubits. Emitters that can host a spin are particularly interesting for quantum communication networks and quantum computation, as they exploit the key resource of spin-photon entanglement. In this context, self-assembled semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) have become promising candidates for spin-photon interfaces due to their exceptional optical properties. Nevertheless, short spin coherence times strongly limit the potential of this platform. Better strategies to mitigate the environmental fluctuations and decouple the spin from them are required to improve its performance. In this regard, Spin Noise Spectroscopy (SNS) has become a key technique to obtain information from spin environments in atomic and solid-state systems via the measurement of polarimetric signals such as Faraday polarization rotation. However, the low signal imprinted by a single spin has limited most SNS implementations to spin ensembles. In this manuscript, we introduce a novel SNS technique based on the measurement of single spins via the detection of single photons. We demonstrate spin noise measurements in the ultrafast regime above the 10 GHz level, breaching traditional bandwidth limitations with unprecedented sensitivity. Our approach relies on the cavity-enhanced spin-photon interaction, increasing several orders of magnitude polarimetric signals from a single spin. Spin-dependent polarization rotations of the photons reflected from the interface of up to π are observed, allowing for the mapping of spin fluctuations into polarization fluctuations and the efficient optical detection of spin noise mechanisms. Crucially, the SNS signal is mapped into single photons. As a result, correlations can be directly calculated between single photon detection events, rather than extracted from averaged intensity measurements, dramatically improving the detection bandwidth. Ultimately, the temporal resolution is only limited by the temporal jitter of single-photon detectors. In this manuscript, we introduce this novel SNS approach for the study of noise mechanisms of electron and hole spins in a QD. We measure signals ranging from a few MHz to tens of GHz correlating single-photon detection events. In parallel, we develop the theoretical tools to identify and characterize the main spin decoherence mechanisms in this system. The measured correlation functions are compared with simulations that compute the density matrix of the system conditional to the detection of a photon. The SNS signals are found to fit well with the numerical model, describing non-trivial spin dynamics that cannot be reproduced by phenomenological Lorentzian fits of the spin noise spectra. Ultimately, this technique is aimed at probing the noise mechanisms of spin systems, not limited to QDs, to develop more efficient mitigation strategies and decoupling sequences that improve their performance. This work is also the starting point for fundamental studies quantitatively addressing the quantum back-action induced on single spins by photon detection
Neveu, Pascal. "Propagation de lumière dans l'hélium métastable : stockage, amplification, fluctuations et bruit quantique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLN044/document.
Full textA quantum state of light is characterized by its statistics of number of photons. These statistics can change in the presence of coherent phenomena. This PhD focuses both experimentally and theoretically on the propagation of quantum states within a room temperature vapor of metastable helium. First, we show that ultranarrow coherent population oscillations allow to efficiently store a specific quadrature of a light wave. Nevertheless, this protocol cannot be use to store the two quadratures of a light field. Indeed, the propagation conditions deteriorates its statistical properties, forbidding its use for quantum application. Secondly, we show that it is possible to generate twomode squeezed states of light in that system. High amplification can be achieved (9 dB), exploiting the strong nonlinearities enabled by coherent population trapping of a transition, and because of the energy level structure. Finally, we study atomic spin noise transfer to light polarization noise via Faraday effect. These fluctuations, probed by spin noise spectroscopy, show original behaviors that may be useful in another systems
Liu, Shikang. "Spin noise spectroscopy in metatable helium." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASP051.
Full textThis PhD thesis mainly addresses the spin noise spectroscopy of metastable helium.We report for the first time the measurement of spontaneous spin noise of metastable helium atom ensemble using non-invasive spin noise spectroscopy.We utilize an off-resonant laser to investigate the random fluctuations of the Zeeman states of the ground level of metastable helium with a mild magnetic field of approximately 1 Gauss. Moreover, we examine the changes in the spectral pattern when the probe approaches the resonance.We investigate the two main types of polarization noise of the probe, namely Faraday rotation noise and ellipticity noise. To replicate the experimental spin noise signal qualitatively and quantitatively, we construct a simulation model that performs well even near resonance.After the investigation of simpler level structure of metastable helium transition line, we extend spin noise spectroscopy to the transition lines with more complicated structures.Our simulation results are consistent with the experimental findings, which are distinct from those obtained using the simpler level structure. To explain the SNS pattern's characteristics near different transition lines, we have developed a comprehensive theoretical model based on the superposition states theory.We then investigate the correlation between Faraday rotation noise and ellipticity noise. Using the eight noise modes of spin-1, we are able to explain the correlation under different conditions. Additionally, we study the effect of magnetic field noise on the SNS pattern. The magnetic field noise is found to alter the noise spectra pattern, and the eight noise modes theory is able to well explain this phenomenon well.This PhD work mainly serves as proof of principle. The simple level structure of metastable helium provids an ideal model to study the phenomenon of spin noise spectroscopy in spin-1 systems. These findings provide a new perspective to understand SNS and the characterization of spin-1 systems, which can aid further research in this area
Karr, Jean-Philippe. "Optique quantique dans les microcavités semi-conductrices. Spectroscopie de l'ion moléculaire H2+." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00347825.
Full textJ'aborde dans la deuxième partie mes activités théorique et expérimentale autour de la spectroscopie de l'ion H2+. Le but de l'expérience, qui a débuté en 2003 à l'université d'Evry, est de mesurer la fréquence d'une transition vibrationnelle à deux photons sans effet Doppler, et de la comparer à des prédictions théoriques précises pour en déduire une nouvelle détermination du rapport mp/me. Je décris les progrès des calculs de haute précision sur l'ion H2+ (niveaux d'énergie non relativistes, structure hyperfine), ainsi que le dispositif expérimental mis en place et les perspectives de l'expérience.
Volyanskiy, Kirill. "Etudes spectrales du bruit de phase dans les oscillateurs opto-électroniques micro-ondes à ligne à retard." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00392571.
Full textPasquet, Guillaume. "Conception, réalisation et mise en oeuvre d'un microsystème pour la micro spectroscopie par résonance magnétique nucléaire." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00611547.
Full textBouchiat, Hélène. "Transition verre de spin : comportement critique et bruit magnétique." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112055.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to two different problems concerning the spin-glass transition. 1. The first part concerns the study of the critical behavior of the nonlinear magnetization, which is related to the spin-glass-order-parameter singularity at the transition temperature. Our results in the AgMn, CuMn, AgMn Au and CuMn Au spin-glass systems support the existence of a phase transition for which we determine the critical exponents, whose values are different from the mean-field ones. We discuss and investigate the influence of the regular terms and anisotropy on the critical behavior. The study of the non-linear magnetization below Tg suggests that it remains singular near H = 0 over the whole law-temperature phase. Preliminary results in the YEr system raise the question of the coexistence of a spin-glass-like order with long-range antiferromagnetic order. 2. The second part concerns an investigation of the spin-glass dynamics, by studying the magnetic fluctuations without any exciting field. The noise power spectrum is found to vary like 1/f over at least 5 decades of frequency. Its comparison with susceptibility measurements shows the applicability of the linear-response and fluctuation-dissipation theorem to spin glasses when time-correlation functions and response functions are measured when the system is prepared under the same conditions for the two experiments. Aging effects are also investigated
Bouchiat, Hélène. "Transition verre de spin comportement critique et bruit magnétique." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37596281w.
Full textVartabi, Kashanian Samir. "Spectroscopie de bruit avec de grands nuages d'atomes froids." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR4059/document.
Full textIn this thesis, I present some measurements of fluctuations of light after interaction with a cloud oflaser-cooled rubidium atoms. These measurements can provide useful information on the sourceitself as well as on the medium in which light propagates. I address a particular configuration inwhich intensity noise are measured on a laser beam transmitted through the atomic cloud. Thisgeometry is relevant to investigate different properties, such as the atomic motion. However, in ourexperiment the intrinsic noise of the incident laser has an important contribution to the detected noisespectrum. This technical noise may be hard to distinguish from the signal under study and a goodunderstanding of this process is thus essential.Experimentally, the intensity noise spectra show a different behavior for low and high Fourierfrequencies. Whereas one recovers the "standard" frequency to intensity conversion at lowfrequencies, due to the atomic resonance as a frequency discriminator, some differences appear athigh frequencies. We show that a mean-field approach, which corresponds to describing the atomiccloud by a dielectric susceptibility, is sufficient to explain the observations. Using this model, thenoise spectra allow to extract some quantitative information on the laser noise as well as on theatomic sample. This is known as noise spectroscopy.The perspective of this thesis aims at applying noise measurement to obtain complementarysignatures of the cold-atom random laser by studying the temporal coherence of the emitted light.The manuscript therefore outlines a review on random laser phenomena with a focus on cold-atomrandom lasers and its coherence properties
Bassi, Marion. "Résilience ajustable d'un spin de trou au bruit de charge." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALY018.
Full textSpin quantum bits (qubits) established in group-IV semiconductor quantum dots structures (QD) embody a promising platform for large-scale quantum processors leveraging on small footprint and compatible fabrication processes with mainstream semiconductor industry. In particular, hole particles recently gained attention as spin qubit platform as they enable fast and all-electrical manipulation due to their intrinsically large spin-orbit coupling. The latter coupling however stands as a two-edged sword as it also exposes the hole spin to undesired interactions with the surrounding environment, which in turn degrade the qubit coherence time. Over the past years, many efforts have been conducted to mitigate electrical noise influence stemming from the environment thus revealing the existence of preferential points of enhanced coherence time, named ``sweetspots'', depending on magnetic field orientation.In this manuscript, the emphasis is laid on the characterization of electrical noise contributions impacting a single hole spin qubit with respect to magnetic field orientation on a P-doped natural silicon-MOS architecture. The hole particle is spatially confined in a QD defined electrostatically within the device. Spin orientation is readout by radio-frequency reflectometry based on energy-selective readout method. We experimentally demonstrate that the reported ``sweetspots'' belong in fact to continuous ``sweetlines'' wrapped around the sphere of magnetic-field polar-angle components, in agreement with theoretical predictions. We also show that, in addition to extended coherence time, sweetline operation is compatible with efficient electric-dipole spin resonance with Rabi frequencies, f_R, comfortably exceeding 10 MHz, and a qubit quality factor Q = 2 f_R T_2^R as high as 690, competing with reported values for electrons. Our study evidences ample gate-voltage control of the sweetlines position in magnetic field, an aspect particularly relevant in the purview of scalability. Finally, the experimental investigation of such optimal operation points is extended to a two qubit system as a proof of concept underscoring the importance of sweetlines tuning for spin qubit systems
El, Homsy Victor. "Apprivoiser le bruit pour les qubits de spin d'électrons en CMOS." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALY007.
Full textWhile being a bit more than a century old, quantum physics have become technological. The most ubiquitous instance of the use of quantum physics is the transistor, as the building block of modern computing devices. Progress in nanoscale fabrication has fostered an exponential increase of transistor density In microelectronics circuits. Once in the nanometer range, unavoidable quantum effects tamper further miniaturization. Alternative transistor designs are being developed to mitigate this showstopper. The complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) fully-depleted silicon-on-insulator (FD-SOI) platform is one of them.In parallel to these developments, quantum physics spawned a new generation of technological innovation, thanks to the ability to control matter at the single particle level. Isolating elementary particles in a quiet environment gives access to their superposition and entanglement properties. Using these to process information would realize the quantum computing paradigm shift, where classically intractable problems are promised to come at reach. Many candidates are racing for the best implementation of a quantum bit (or “qubit”) and all of them are facing the challenge to up-scale their architecture from a few lab qubits to an industrial processor. Among them, electrons trapped in silicon structures offer promising prospects thanks to their reduced exposure to magnetic nuclei and spin-orbit interaction, and to the possibility to purify away non-zero nuclear spins. Moreover, the expected compatibility of silicon structures with microelectronics know-how gives hopes for scalability. In this thesis, we study single electrons trapped in gate-defined quantum dots formed in CMOS FD-SOI transistors. We investigate on how to improve their use as qubits, focusing on experimental noise aspects.First, we demonstrate coherent manipulation of a single CMOS electron spin with electrically driven spin resonance. A micromagnet is patterned directly on top of the CMOS chip, creating an inhomogeneous magnetic field. Driving the electron motion inside this gradient with the available electric gates makes it feel an effective oscillating magnetic field, and enables single qubit operations, with a relatively low 1 MHz Rabi frequency and short 500 ns dephasing time. This limited performance is attributed to a finite number of two-level fluctuators and smaller quantum dot sizes compared to other silicon architectures. The shape of the Rabi decay and the sub-µs dephasing time are characteristic of hyperfine interaction with spinful nuclei. However, dynamically decoupling the electron spin from this frequency range showed state-of-the-art coherence times and performance limited by charge noise, in accordance with simple charge sensor measurements at low frequencies. These results point towards the relevance of isotopic purification to avoid hyperfine-induced dephasing in CMOS FD-SOI devices.After focusing on qubit control, a second part of this thesis deals with readout noise. The objective was to demonstrate the use of a traveling-wave parametric amplifier (TWPA) in the amplification chain of radio-frequency readout of CMOS devices. Patterning inductors on the CMOS chip reduced the parasitic capacitance of our resonators and enabled to perform lumped-element reflectometry in the 3-4 GHz range, closer to usual TWPA operating regimes. Even when being pumped far from its gap, the TWPA shows nominal figures of merit, and a resilience to magnetic fields typical for spin qubit experiments. Its high -100dBm compression point, wide and tunable 2 GHz bandwidth and quantum-limited added noise enabled to get more than 10dB signal-to-noise ratio improvement on interdot charge transitions in our devices, and to multiplex interdot readout in a 6-gate device. This compatibility between a large bandwidth superconducting amplifier and multi-gate CMOS FD-SOI quantum devices is promising towards CMOS electron spin qubit experiments at larger scale
Brahim, Houari. "Spectroscopie électronique et couplage spin-orbite de composés organométalliques." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01070647.
Full textCarette, Pierre. "Spectroscopie des monoxydes de lanthanides." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37603617g.
Full textSergeeva-Chollet, Natalia. "Ondes de spin dans des lignes et bi-lignes ferromagnétiques à section micronique." Paris 13, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA132023.
Full textGuitton, Antoine. "Etude expérimentale des relations entre les champs hydrodynamiques et acoustiques des jets libres." Poitiers, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009POIT2344.
Full textAn experimental study of the near pressure field of subsonic jets is realized using a line array of microphones. Hydrodynamic and acoustic components are identified and characterised. Different techniques to separate the two components are proposed and compared. From this decomposition of the nearfied fluctuations, the link between the hydrodynamic field and the acoustic field is investigated in order to study the mechanisms of acoustic production associated with the coherent structures. In this context, Coiffet et al (2006) interpreted nodes in the spacefrequency coherence of the nearfield as the signature of an instantaneous interference between hydrodynamic and acoustic fluctuations. However, the present study demonstrates that the interference is not instantaneous, but statistical. The nodes do not therefore provide evidence of a causal link between the hydrodynamic and acoustic nearfield fluctuations. The instantaneous relationship between the two components of the nearfield is assessed by studying their levels of coherence. This approach is applied to measurements performed in the nearfield of a transonic coaxial jet: the level of hydrodynamicacoustic coherence is studied as a function of the primary jet exit velocity. For the soundproduction mechanisms which are associated with the coherence metric we use, analysis shows a higher level of source activity, at a broader range of frequencies, as the velocity ratio is increased. Finally, the coherence metric is evaluated for jets equipped with serrations; we find that an effect of the serrations is to decouple the hydrodynamic and acoustic nearfield modes
Gomri, Sami. "Spectroscopie du bruit électronique dans les microcapteurs de gaz : étude théorique et expérimentale." Aix-Marseille 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX11047.
Full textNafaa, Beya. "Etude du bruit électrique basse fréquence dans des technologies CMOS avancées." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC273/document.
Full textThe work done during this thesis focuses on the study of fully depleted double gate UTBOX transistors manufactured for the 16 nm technology node. The performances of these components in DC and as a function of temperature were evaluated. The traps located in the silicon film have been identified using low frequency noise spectroscopy, giving the possibility of evaluating the manufacturing steps in order to optimize them. An unusual peak of transconductance was observed in the transfer characteristics obtained at low temperatures (77 K and 10 K). This phenomenon is most likely related to a tunneling effect through dopants scattered from the source and drain extensions in the channel. The quantum transport mechanism related to the degeneracy of energy levels in the conduction band has been demonstrated at cryogenic temperatures and at very low polarizations. A new theoretical approach valid in moderate inversion has been developed for models of mobility fluctuations and mobility fluctuations correlated with the number of carriers fluctuations. The results indicate that the change in carrier transport mechanism is accompanied by a change in the 1 / f noise mechanism
Cucchiara, Julien. "Spin transfer effects in nanopillars with perpendicular magnetizations." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10008/document.
Full textThe discover of spin-transfer opens a new way to control the magnetization of a nano-magnet using a spin polarized current instead of a magnetic field. Many studies showed that it is particularly efficient in nanopillar spin-valves with perpendicular magnetizations. Therefore, we decided to analyse into more details the impact of a spin polarized current on these devices during this thesisFirst, we were interested in a global approach of the behavior of these systems based on the understanding of their field and current phase diagrams. Comparing our experimental re-sults with various theoretical predictions, we demonstrated that their main features are ex-plained by a breaking of the uniaxial symmetry of the spin-valves due, for instance, to a non-perpendicular anisotropy axis or applied magnetic field. Moreover, we developed a purely energetic description of these devices allowing to understand simply the physical origin of their behavior.Then, we focused on the magnetization reversal process of these nanopillars dominated by a domain nucleation followed by domain wall propagation. We combined for this study the analysis of a thermally activated phenomenon called telegraph noise, of phase diagrams and of micromagnetic simulations. They all lead to the conclusion that the nucleation process is well described by a Stoner-Wohlfarth behaviour whereas the propagation process seems very dependent on the structure of the domain wall especially for the action of the spin-transfer
MAKSIMOVIC, MILAN. "Etude d'un modele cinetique du vent solaire et spectroscopie du bruit thermique sur ulysses." Paris 7, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA077228.
Full textJamorski, Christine. "Etude théorique de la spectroscopie d'espèces radicalaires : Calcul du couplage spin-orbite dans les spectres électroniques." Pau, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PAUU3035.
Full textHérisson, Didier. "Mesures de relations de fluctuation-dissipation dans un verre de spin." Paris 11, 2002. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002055.
Full textLoubens, Grégoire de. "Spectroscopie micro-onde d'une nanostructure métallique magnétique hybride." Paris 11, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00118828.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to understand the influence of a DC current flowing through a spin-valve device on its magnetization dynamics. An original spectrometer has been developed in order to measure the FMR signal of an individual nanostructure. Inspired by near field techniques, it is using a mechanical detection. The excitation spectrum of an individual Permalloy nano-disk has first been measured. This study has allowed us to quantitavely understand spectral modifications induced by finite-size effects. Then, hybrid systems made of metallic magnetic multilayers have been studied. In the measured samples, spin transfer effects have been observed though Oersted field effects are dominating. The experimental setup allowed us as well to study the relaxation term of a ferromagnetic spins system in the high power regime. Our results show that the damping decreases as linear effects appear
Yassine, Hassan. "Etude par la spectroscopie d'impédance et le bruit des propriétés électrochimiques de piles Lithium-ion." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Littoral, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023DUNK0689.
Full textIn this work, we propose to study commercial Lithium-ion coin cells, known as rechargeable Li-ion cells, which are the elementary cells of a Lithium battery. Li-ion batteries are made up of various organic and inorganic multilayer materials, including 2 electrodes, cathode and anode, between which lithium ions circulate during charging and discharging. As a result,the ageing of Li-ion batteries and having a maximum number of charge/discharge cycleslimit their lifespan. The Li-ion batteries studied, type CR2032, with a capacity of 45 mAh, have a maximum number of 400 cycles to maintain a capacity of 36 mAh. The aim of this thesis is to study the ageing of Li-ion button cells using two characterization techniques : electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and electrochemical noise (ECN). The ageing methodology consists of two clearly differentiated studies : cycling ageing and calendar ageing (= ageing over time). For ageing by cycling, successive charge and discharge cycles of different durations, from 20 h (C/20) to 20 min (3C), were carried out.We then carry out complex electrochemical impedanceand electrochemical noise measurements over a wide frequency range, from mHz to MHz, as well as capacity and voltage measurements. These measurements enable us to determine differential capacity dQ/dV and differential voltages dV/dQ. With ageing by cycling, an increase in polarization resistance and loss of capacity are observed, as well as an increase in noise level.All these measurements enabled us to attribute the cycling ageing of a Li-ion battery to the loss of cycling lithiums and active materials at the cathode. The second ageing study involved calendar ageing, without applied voltage, by taking impedance and electrochemical noise measurements every 60 days to monitor the evolution of impedance, capacity, voltage and noise levels. The aging observed after 21 months is partly restored by a slow discharge/charge cycle at C/20. However, the Li-ion battery continues to age, as a result of irreversible loss of active material at the cathode
Rémond, Didier. "Contribution à l'étude et l'analyse expérimentale du bruit d'engrenement : développement et application de la Transformée en Ondelettes Rapides." Lyon, INSA, 1991. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/1991ISAL0067/these.pdf.
Full textGear noise level is the most important parameter in gearing power transmission optimization. The aim of this study is to isolate all gear design parameters involved with noise. The scientific interest of this work is to establish a solid base of experimental result which will serve to future analytical studies. An experimental rig of 100 kW power, in an open-loop design, was constructed to simulate the real operating conditions of cylindrical, spur and helicoïdal gears. Measurement setup, with accelerometers, optical encoders and a microphone, provides signals which are monitored and stored through a data acquisition microcomputer module. Above the classical technics in signal analysis, the development of a Fast Wavelet Transform algorithm takes a large part of this study. A systematical program built with Yate's experimental design enhances the influence of overlap and contact ratio, profile modifications, also eccentricity and distance center, when operating conditions change. The wavelet decomposition gives signal morphologies in a time-frequency representation and shows the influence of eccentricity, or some other instantaneous local defaults. The present study allows many prospects dealing with gear dynamic behavior and also with vibration monitoring of gearing mechanisms
Zhou, Liangzhu. "Contribution à l'analyse harmonique du bruit de fond par méthode numérique." Montpellier 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON20050.
Full textJoly, Loïc. "Etude du mouvement du spin d'électrons dans des systèmes ferromagnétiques mesuré en géométrie de réflexion par spectroscopie électronique résolue en spin." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/JOLY_Loic_2006.pdf.
Full textIn this thesis we investigated the spin motion of electrons in ferromagnetic systems by spin-polarized electron scattering spectroscopy in reflection geometry. In the first part, we studied the spin motion in thin polycrystalline layers of Fe, Co, and Ni. The experiments showed that the electron-spin motion is strongly correlated to the electronic band structure of the ferromagnet. A modelization of the ferromagnetic layer by a spin-dependent potential step model can explain the behaviour at high electron energies. However, the strong variation of the spin motion at low energies is explained by the presence of a spin-dependent band gap in the electronic band structure of the ferromagnet. Ab-initio calculations corroborate this interpretation. In the second part of the thesis, we studied the electron-spin motion in quantum wells formed by a ferromagnetic film of Co(001) that is covered by a non-magnetic film of Cu. The appearance of quantum well states is at the origin of a lot of oscillatory phenomena in thin film systems. Moreover, the presence of a magnetic interface adds a spin dependence to the quantum confinement. However, no study has been done on the spin motion in these type of systems. In a first step, measurements as a function of the electron energy revealed an oscillatory behaviour of the spin motion. We have shown that a clear relation exists between the oscillation of the spin motion and the presence of quantum well states. In a second experiment, we observed oscillations both of the reflected intensity and of the spin motion as a function of the Cu thickness. It is shown that a Fabry-Pérot interferometer model can very well describe these oscillations
Joly, Loïc Weber Wolfgang. "Etude du mouvement du spin d'électrons dans des systèmes ferromagnétiques mesuré en géométrie de réflexion par spectroscopie électronique résolue en spin." Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2006. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/567/01/JOLY2006.pdf.
Full textDanilo, Cécile. "Modélisation théorique de la spectroscopie d'actinides solvatés." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10036/document.
Full textThe framework of this PhD is the interpretation of Nuclear Magnetic Relaxation Dispersion experiments performed on solvated U4+, NpO2+ and PuO²2+, which aIl have a f² configuration. Unexpectedly the two actinyl ions have a much higher relaxivity than U4+,. One possible explanation is that the electronic relaxation rate is faster for Uranium(IV) than for the actinyl ions. We address this problem by exploring the electronic spectrum of the three compounds in gas phase and in solution with a two-step SOCI (Spin~Orbit Configuration~Interaction) method. The influence of electron correlation (treated in the first step) and spin~orbit relaxation effects (considered in the second step) has been discussed thoroughly. Solvent effects have been investigated as well. Another issue that has been questioned is the accuracy of Density Functional Theory for the study of actinide species. This matter has been discussed by comparing its performance to wave-function based correlated methods. The chemical problem chosen was the water exchange in [UO²+2 (H2O)5]. We looked at the associative and at the dissociative mechanisms using a model with one additional water in the second hydration sphere. The last part of the thesis dealt with the spectroscopy of coordinated Uranyl(V). Absorption spectrum of Uranyl(V) with various ligands has been recorded. The first sharp absorption bands in the Near-Infrared region were assigned to the Uranium centered 5f-5f transitions, but uncertainties remained for the assignment of transitions observed in the Visible region. We computed the spectra of naked U02+ and [UO2(CO3)3]5- to elucidate the spectral changes induced by the carbonate ligands
Sénès, Mathieu. "Dynamique de spin des excitons neutres ou chargés dans les boîtes quantiques InAs/GaAs." Toulouse, INSA, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ISAT0014.
Full textWe have investigated the carriers spin dynamics in neutral, N-doped and P-doped self-organized InAs/GaAs quantum dots. In time resolved photoluminescence experiments, we have observed quantum beats of the neutral exciton spin, allowing us to mesure the energy splitting between exciton eigenstates. In a longitudinal magnetic field, we have determined the Lande g factor of the quatum dots excitons. We have also studied spin dynamics in negatively doped quantum dots. Independent of the number of doping electrons in the dot, we observe a luminescence with a circular polarisation opposite to the excitating laser. We propose a model based on the anisotropic exchange interaction between electrons and holes to explain this result. We also demonstrate that it is possible to manipulate the doping electron spin with non resonant optical excitations. We have performed polarisation resolved experiments on positively charged quantum dot samples, and we have confirmed the electron spin relaxation quenching under strictly resonant excitation. Under non resonant excitation, the observed spin dynamics in P-doped quantum dots can be explained with the flip-flop mechanism, dominant in N-doped quantum dots
Pardanaud, Cédric. "Etude de la conversion de spin nucléaire de l'eau en matrices de gaz rares : mesures, modélisation de l'influence des interactions spin-spin intermoléculaires et contexte astrophysique." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00259961.
Full textDans les atmosphères cométaires, la mesure du rapport d'abondance de ces isomères pour les molécules de H2O, NH3, CH4, et plus récemment de CH3OH, montre un écart à l'équilibre thermodynamique. Sa signification physique est à ce jour au cœur d'un débat : est- ce un indicateur de la température qui régnait dans l'environnement primordial au sein duquel se sont formées ces molécules ?
Ce travail expérimental alliant techniques de vide et de cryogénie, vise à identifier, en amont d'une étude dans les glaces cométaires, certains paramètres impliqués dans la conversion de spin nucléaire de H2O isolée dans des environnements plus simples : les matrices de gaz rare. Dans un tel environnement, un enrichissement en isomère de spin ortho ou para est produit par un changement brutal de température (entre 4,2 et 30 K). La détermination du temps de retour à l'équilibre thermodynamique se fait à partir de l'enregistrement dans le temps des spectres infrarouges ro-vibrationnels des modes Ν2 (déformation angulaire) et Ν3 (élongation antisymétrique), au moyen d'un spectromètre commercial IR par transformée de Fourier.
L'étude systématique en fonction de la concentration que nous avons réalisée à 4,2 K en matrice d'argon, montre qu'il existe deux régimes de conversion qui sont en compétition. Pour des dilutions [Ar/H2O] supérieures à 1000, les temps de conversion (~670 minutes) sont indépendants de la concentration et atteignent un plateau. Cette conversion qui n'est pas imputable à des effets parasites (impuretés moléculaires, exposition au rayonnement IR du spectromètre, influence du support, ...) est sans doute due à un processus d'origine intramoléculaire, accéléré par la matrice. Par contre, en dessous du 1000ème, une accélération très nette de la conversion avec l'augmentation de la concentration est observée (~180 minutes au 50ème), indiquant clairement une origine intermoléculaire. Nous avons, dans ce cadre, développé un modèle faisant intervenir des interactions magnétiques entre les spins nucléaires des protons appartenant à des molécules d'eau différentes, et des échanges d'énergie avec les phonons de la matrice. Ce modèle, qui ne dépend que de l'écart en énergie entre les niveaux de rotation et du taux de relaxation collisionnelle de la molécule isolée en matrice, autorise la conversion d'origine intermoléculaire à 4,2 K en ouvrant un canal de conversion couplant le premier niveau de rotation de chacun des isomères de spin. L'existence d'un deuxième canal, plus efficace d'un ordre de grandeur à 25 K, dû à un effet de population, explique l'accélération observée à température croissante.
La substitution de l'argon par du néon, du krypton ou du xénon, a permis de montrer, en accord complet avec le modèle, que le mécanisme d'origine intermoléculaire est plus efficace dans la matrice qui a le paramètre de maille le plus faible.
Dong, Xu. "Ultrafast infrared spectroscopy applied to spin crossover materials." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1S111/document.
Full textThe past few decades have seen great advancements in technology that allow us to capture the picture of a physical process, as the adage “seeing is believing” implies how people understand the world. The increasing temporal resolution of lasers played an important role in the study of materials, among which materials exhibiting photo-induced phase transition are of great importance thanks to their potential for future applications. However, as we proceed further and further in the investigation of the mechanism of phase transition, we found ourselves confronted with the very complex nature of phase transition dynamics. It is intrinsically multi-scale in time and space, from femtosecond to days and from atomic dimensions to macroscopic distances. Time resolved experiments disentangle different degrees of freedom and different phenomena in a step-like manner, rather than providing a statistical average. The first step is photo induced due to absorption of photons, the second step (elastic step) is pressure induced due to volume dilation, and the third step is temperature induced due to dissipation of heat. This step-like approach offers an opportunity to understand the mechanism, so that we could effectively impact the materials and possibly control phase transition. Mid IR lasers have a unique advantage of monitoring phase transition through vibrational modes on specific molecular sites. Implementing ultrafast mid IR spectroscopy in phase transition materials should be therefore very insightful in discovering new phenomena and revealing hidden mechanism. This PhD project, focusing on mid IR technique, started exactly in this context. The main effort is dedicated to the application of ultrafast mid IR spectroscopy to the spin crossover solids, [Fe(3-MeO-SalEen)]2PF6. The major challenge in this work was to comprehend the shape of transient mid IR spectra. We found out that this is conceptually different from the experiences accumulated in UV/VIS spectroscopy. A suitable model had to be developed, separating the transient IR spectra into two contributions: spectral weight transfer and spectral shift. I demonstrated that these two components are sensitive to the spin change and pressure effect (volume dilation), respectively. Data analysis based on the new model shows consistency with previously published results. On the ultrafast timescale, more difficult to fit our model to, vibrational cooling (VC) of electronically hot HS state has been very well resolved. To the best of my knowledge, direct observation of VC in solid state SCO compound by IR spectroscopy has not been reported earlier
Abellaoui, Lahcen. "Conception d'un analyseur numérique de densité spectrale de bruit de fond électronique." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20235.
Full textIssautier, Karine. "Etude du vent solaire hors ecliptique par spectroscopie du bruit thermique a partir des observations radio d'ulysse." Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA112298.
Full textDareys, Bruno. "Etude dynamique des excitons dans les puits quantiques : formation, relaxation de spin." Toulouse, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAT0010.
Full textLe, Gall Claire. "Dynamique et contrôle optique d'un spin individuel dans une boîte quantique." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00670963.
Full textNdoye, Chérif A. A. Daniel Chantal Strich Alain. "Electronic spectroscopy of small organic and organometallic molecules : electronic correlation, vibronic and spin-orbit couplings." Strasbourg : Université de Strasbourg, 2009. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/1149/01/NDOYE_Cherif_2008.pdf.
Full textPaillard, Mathieu. "Dynamique de relaxation de spin dans les boîtes quantiques auto-organisées InAs/GaAs." Toulouse, INSA, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ISAT0011.
Full textWe have investigated the carrier dynamics in self-organized InAs/GaAs quantum dots structures by time-resolved photoluminescence. By performing a strict resonant excitation of the quantum dot ground state, we have directly measured the exciton radiative recombination time. At low temperature, we observe strictly no decay of both the linear and the circular luminescence polarization. This demonstrates that neither the electron, nor the hole spin relax on the exciton lifetime scale (2̃,5 ns). These experiments allow also to probe the exciton fine structure without resolving it spectrally. After optical orientation of carrier photogenerated under non resonant excitation, an unexpected increase of the quantum dot excited state luminescence polarization is observed. This effect is interpreted in terms of Pauli blocking which prevent the relaxation of an electron in the quantum dot ground state already occupied by another electron with the same spin orientation. We have developed a simple theoretical model, based on the Master Equation of Microstates, which qualitatively describes the experimental results
Quinsat, Michaël. "Etude d'un auto-oscillateur non-isochrone : Application à la dynamique non-linéaire de l'aimantation induite par transfert de spin." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENY083/document.
Full textSpin Torque Oscillators (STO) are nano-sized Radio-Frequency oscillators whose frequency agility can be tuned by an order of magnitude. This tuning originates from the non-linear properties of the underlying magnetization dynamics that is induced by spin transfer torque (STT) in multilayered magnetic nanostructures. Being highly tunable in frequency has the inconvenient of creating a very strong sensitivity to noise. As a result the spectral purity of STOs is far below the one required for applications for instance in telecommunications. The magnetization dynamics induced by STT has been described theoretically in the frame of nonlinear spin wave theory that makes the essential features of the underlying properties very transparent. However important information on the excitation mode are "buried" in phenomenological parameters such as NU the amplitude-phase coupling and Gp the amplitude relaxation rate. Determining these parameters with accuracy from experiments is thus an important issue. This thesis describes several experimental methods to extract these parameters. The first is time domain noise spectroscopy which permits to extract phase and amplitude noise Power Spectral Densities. Their analysis in the frame of theoretical models allows direct extraction of the nonlinear parameters, but also to quantify the technological relevant phase noise. This is demonstrated for magnetic tunnel junction devices. A second method is the analysis of higher harmonics linewidth, where it is shown that due to the non-isochronous property of STOs, the relationship between Dfn and Df1 is non-trivial and allows to extract NU and Gp. We then apply the information gathered on the autonomous dynamics of STOs to understand the non-autonomous dynamics of STOs that are a prerequisite for the use of STOs in complex RF architectures. It is shown experimentally how the nonlinear parameters influence this non-autonomous behaviour
Belhadj, Thomas. "Spectroscopie optique et propriétés de spin des boites quantiques uniques de GaAs/AIGaAs formées par épitaxie par gouttelettes." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ISAT0012/document.
Full textThis thesis present experimental studies of spin properties in GaAs/AlGaAs quantumdots grown by droplet epitaxy by spatially and temporally resolved photoluminescence measurements. This studies are presented in three different parts. The first part is dedicated to the study of the temporal correlation of the photons emitted by a quantumdot embdedded in two-dimensional photonic crystal membrane. We observe the power dependanceof the coincidence probability by cross-correlation measurements between the biexcitonic and the excitonic transitions into a single quantum dot. Our findings are qualitatively understood with a statistic model. The second part focuses on optical selection rules in these structures, starting point for spin injection experiments. We evidence the mixing between heavy holes and light holes states by analysing the polarisation direction of the luminescence from a single quantum dot. We explain the states mixing by a model that takes into account the shape and the tilting of the quantum dot with respect to the crystallographic axes. The last part presents optical pumping experiments. We inject spinpolarised electrons and observe the creation of a dynamical nuclear polarisation. This polarisation transfert, due to hyperfine interaction, depends on caracteristic times that we can extract thanks to our model. We also present a direct measurement of the creation time of the nuclear spins polarisation
Brimont, Christelle. "Dynamique de relaxation de spin excitonique dans le nitrure de gallium." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00369456.
Full textCucchiara, Julien. "Effets de transfert de spin dans des nanopiliers aux aimantations perpendiculaires." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00614929.
Full textHachem, Walid. "Déconvolution autodidacte au second ordre de signaux vectoriels en présence de bruit additif." Marne-la-Vallée, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MARN0088.
Full textWittrock, Steffen. "From noise & stability to synchronization & complex dynamics in spin torque nano-oscillators." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS088.
Full textSpin torque nano-oscillators (STNOs) present unique potential functionalities for rf-communications, energy harvesting or next-generation computing. Therewith, they unify hardware multifunctional key capabilities in the framework of Industry 4.0 and emphasize the potentialities of spintronics, even beyond the paradigm of CMOS. Along with the STNO’s nano-size, radiation-hardness, frequency tunability, low energy consumption and CMOS compatibility, their key characteristics is their strong nonlinearity, which opens up the path to various interesting physical phenomena. However, their nonlinearity also causes the oscillators’ poor spectral coherence, which so far limits their applicability in real practical devices. This PhD thesis aims at providing a deeper understanding of the STNO’s noise in the framework of nonlinearity. Generalizable to all types of spintronic oscillators, we experimentally and theoretically study the contribution of 1/f flicker noise at low frequency offsets in vortex based STNOs. We discuss the influence of this type of noise on the oscillation’s spectral shape and demonstrate potential means for efficient coherence improvements. Moreover, this PhD thesis is also dedicated to the coupling and synchronization of several STNOs, since these capabilities facilitate different applicational schemes in prospective technologies. Indeed, beyond synchronization, novel complex phenomena are experimentally demonstrated and studied, such as the emergence of exceptional points in the coupled system. In summary, the obtained results open up new perspectives not only for the fundamental research on STNOs, but also for novel types of future applications
Paillasseur, Sébastien Pascal Jean-Claude. "Développement de la technique d'holographie acoustique de champ proche temps réel pour l'analyse de sources de bruit fluctuantes." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2009/2009LEMA1001.pdf.
Full textWeiss, Béatrice. "Contribution à l'étude des états nucléaires de bas spin des noyaux de cesium impairs-impairs déficients en neutrons." Nice, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NICE4112.
Full textKawahara, Seiji Leo. "Spectroscopie à effet tunnel d'adatomes Kondo et de molécules uniques sur une surface magnétique." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077118.
Full textThis work deals with two spintronics problems. In a first part, the Kondo effect induced by a 3d single atom adsorbed on a ferromagnetic surface is investigated using tunneling spectroscopy. We find that the tunneling spectra measured above Co adatoms on Fe/Au(l 11) islands can be split by the interaction with the substrate. We have successfully fit the tunneling signatures with a two levels Fano resonance, which allows to extract the Kondo temperature and the magnetic field that would induce such a splitting if it was due to a Zeeman effect. This field of several tens of Teslas is in good agreement with the expected Weiss field at thee iron surface. Some atoms were found to switch easily between two adjacent sites and show perfectly reproducible split/non split signatures. In a second part, we investigate the polarization of the local density of states of single C₆₀ molecules adsorbed on a Cr(OOl) surface using spin-polarized scanning tunneling spectroscopy. The spin resolved conductance maps and spectra show a significant tunneling magnetoresistance above the molecules. Tight-binding and ab initio simulations allow the identification of the polarized state, which derives from a lifting of degeneracy of one of the free molecule orbitals. The magnetoresistance is ascribed to a spin-splitting of this state and its spin-dependant hybridization with the Cr(OOl) surface. The Julliere magnetoresistance reaches several tens of percents at tunneling bias of hundreds of mV and its sign changes as a function of the bias
Bachellier, Nicolas. "On surface spin detection and doping of metallocenes." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAE030/document.
Full textThe main subject of this PhD thesis is the study of metallocenes deposited on copper surfaces. Their adsorptions and electronic properties are experimentally studied by scanning tunnelling microscopy(STM) and scanning tunnelling spectroscopy (STS). Our results were confirmed by density functional theory (DFT) computations. More precisely, we studied how ferrocene FeC10H10 and nickelocene NiC10H10 are adsorbed on copper. We found that these metallocenes spontaneously create networks alternating horizontal and vertical molecules. We added a cobalt atom to the ferrocene in order to modify its structure and we characterized the magnetic properties of the new molecule we created, in particular the appearance of a Kondo effect showing that magnetic properties appeared in the molecule. The spectroscopic study of nickelocene revealed an excitation of the molecule at low bias. This excitation consist in a change in the spin orientation of the molecule, going from an orientation perpendicular to the main molecule axis to an orientation parallel to this axis. We finally transferred a nickelocene to the STM tip and used this molecular tip to probe the states of a second molecule. We consequently obtained a double spin excitation in our tunnel junction, with a significant increase of the conductance due to excitations
Manca, Marco. "Study of the optoelectronic properties of atomically thin WSe2." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ISAT0030.
Full textTransition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDs) are a family of layered materials with potential applications in optics and electronics. Following the discovery of graphene, TMDs were characterized and extraordinary physical properties were discovered: when thinned down to a monolayer, TMDs become direct band gap materials, therefore strongly facilitating light emission. The direct bandgap of these semiconductors is situated on the edge of the Brillouin zone, at the K-point. This is different from standard semiconductors for optoelectronics like GaAs where the bandgap is in the centre of the Brillouin zone. The optical properties are dominated by excitons, and light-matter interaction is extremely strong with up to 20% of light absorption per monolayer. In addition to a bandgap, TMDs present strong spin-orbit coupling and broken inversion symmetry. As a result, the optical transitions across the bandgap have chiral selection rules. The spin states in the valence and conduction bands are well separated in energy by the spin-orbit interaction. This makes it possible to optically address specific spin and valley states in momentum space and monitor their dynamics. As a result monolayer TMDs are exciting model systems for spin and valley physics: these research fields are termed spintronics and valleytronics. This motivated our work on the exact understanding of the optical transitions, their polarization selections rules and the different exciton states
Rossé, Bertrand. "Détection γ [gamma] et faisceaux radioactifs : recherche de noyaux exotiques très déformés." Lyon 1, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/12/04/76/PDF/These.pdf.
Full textThis work is devoted to the search for highly deformed nuclei under extreme conditions of isospin, located near the proton drip-line, around A~130. The experiment was performed at GANIL (Caen) with the SPIRAL radioactive beam facility. The nuclei of interest were produced by fusion-evaporation reactions induced by the neutron deficient 76Kr radioactive beam (T½ = 14. 8 h). γ-rays were detected by the EXOGAM array, composed of 11 segmented germanium clover detectors, for which a new segment calibration method has been developed. To extract fusion-evaporation events of a overwhelming background due to the radioactivity of the beam, the EXOGAM array was coupled with the light charged particle detector DIAMANT and the high acceptance VAMOS spectrometer. The latter was used for the first time to detect fusion-evaporation residues. The detailed data analysis allowed us to demonstrate that the EXOGAM + DIAMANT + VAMOS coupling is operational and essential to investigate the structure of these nuclei. Furthermore, the first γ transition was observed in the very exotic odd-odd 130Pm nucleus. The results have been interpreted with static and dynamic self-consistent microscopic calculations in collaboration with the Theoretical Physicists of the IPN Lyon