Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Spectroscopie de déplétion de piège'
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Duverger, Romain. "Métrologie de champs électromagnétiques RF par spectroscopie de déplétion de piège à partir d'atomes froids de Rydberg." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASP154.
Full textRydberg atoms are atoms excited to states with a very high principal quantum number, where the valence electron orbits very far from the nucleus. This large distance imparts exceptional properties to Rydberg atoms compared to ordinary atoms, which has made them central to many developments and applications of modern experimental quantum physics. In particular, they exhibit transitions in the radiofrequency (RF) and terahertz (THz) domains with very large dipole matrix elements, making them extremely sensitive to electromagnetic fields in these frequency domains. This has led over the last ten years to the emergence of a new technology of RF and THz field sensors, where the amplitude of the field is measured by performing electromagnetically induced transparency spectroscopy of the Autler-Townes doublet induced by the interaction between the field and Rydberg states of atoms in a thermal vapor. Such sensors offer several advantages over classic antennas, including a greater sensitivity, a wider frequency range, a size independent from the frequency of the measured field, a significantly reduced need for calibration, and the ability to measure, in addition to the amplitude, the phase and the polarization. All these benefits make Rydberg atoms-based RF field sensors excellent candidates for applications in telecommunications, radar systems, and the space sector. Currently, these sensors are the subject to numerous works aiming at improving their performance in terms of sensitivity, accuracy, measurement bandwidth or spatial resolution. The use of cold atoms instead of thermal vapors represents a promising avenue in these goals, due to their better coherence and strongly reduced Doppler effect. Additionally, cold atoms are suitable for other forms of spectroscopy that are potentially more robust in certain aspects. This thesis focuses on the experimental study of a new approach for RF field sensing using cold Rydberg atoms, based on trap-loss spectroscopy. It consists in making the RF field interact with a set of ⁸⁷Rb atoms cooled and confined in a magneto-optical trap, and in probing the Autler-Townes doublet created by the field through a trap depletion effect. The mechanism responsible for the losses is the ionization of the atoms under the action of background blackbody radiation. This study involved the development of an entire experimental setup to perform trap-loss spectroscopy. Despite a low measurement bandwidth, the method proposed here has demonstrated a deviation from linearity of less than 2%, a sensitivity of the order of 250 µV/cm/Hz1/2, as well as an absence of drifts over several hours of measurement, with a resolution of the order of 5 µV/cm. Moreover, this method is easier to implement than other approaches involving cold atoms, and theoretically allows for determining both the amplitude and the frequency of the field. In this manuscript, we will describe the principle, setup and implementation of our experimental apparatus, present the results of the measurement performed with it, and then analyze its metrological performance, advantages and limitations
Bossennec, Jean-Luc. "Spectroscopie des transitions 6S-8P caesium transitions à 389 nm dans un piège magnéto-optique." Paris 13, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA132032.
Full textvanhaecke, nicolas. "Molécules froides: formation, piégeage et spectroscopie. -Accumulation de dimères de césium dans un piège quadrupolaire magnétique. -Spectroscopie par frustration de photoassociation." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004296.
Full textUn piège quadrupolaire magnétique de 2.10^5 molécules Cs2 froides a été réalisé. Le temps de vie du piège moléculaire est de 600ms, limité par les collisions avec le gaz chaud résiduel. Les molécules piégées ont été caractérisées, ce qui a permis de déterminer la température du nuage de molécules piégé, de l'ordre de 35uK. La mise en place d'un piège dipolaire, réalisé au moyen d'un laser CO2 focalisé est également décrit.
D'autre part, une spectroscopie de photoassociation à deux photons a été réalisée. Elle a permis l'étude originale des formes de raies de cette spectroscopie, présentant de typiques profils de Fano. Grâce à la connaissance précise de ces formes de raies, plus d'une centaine d'énergies de niveaux vibrationnellement très excités de la molécules de Cs2 sont mesurés, avec une précision de l'ordre de 10MHz. Lors de l'interprétation théorique, l'énorme structure hyperfine de l'atome de césium implique la résolution d'équation de Schrödinger couplées pour des distances internucléaires supérieures à 15a0. Un modèle théorique asymptotique est donc utilisé pour ajuster les paramètres moléculaires des potentiels fondamentaux de la molécules de Cs2.
Les ajustements de ces paramètres se font au moyen d'algorithmes évolutionnaires et déterministes et sont suivis d'une étude statistique approfondie. On détermine ainsi le coefficient de Van der Waals avec une excellente précision, ainsi que pour la première fois l'amplitude de l'interaction d'échange de manière expérimentale.
Vallette, Alexandre. "Dynamique d'ions multichargés dans un piège électrostatique." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00605746.
Full textBenramdhane, Sheima. "Caractérisation de l’impact du vieillissement des différentes fonctionnalités d’un piège à NOx Diesel." Caen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CAEN2012.
Full textThis thesis aims to characterize and understand the impact of aging on the evolution of different functionalities of a NOx trap catalyst. The approach is based on the study of a commercial catalyst characterization by combining synthetic gas bench reactivity study of the NOx trap in the fresh state and after different aging conditions, physical and chemical analyses and in-situ and operando FTIR tests. After thermal aging, the NOx storage function is affected by two main factors: platinum and support sintering. Pt sintering has several effects: it decreases the oxidizing power of the system (lowering therefore the NO2 yield, main intermediate in the nitrate formation) and it changes the Pt/Ba interface, which is essential for NOx storage by the spillover mechanism. Both surface and bulk NOx storage sites are impacted by sulfur poisoning. Sulfates are coordinated on all available material sites and are too stable to be removed by nitrates, as shown by Operando FTIR. During regeneration at 600 °C, we can observe that bulk sulfates diffuse back to the surface, only partially regenerating the trapping sites. That is not enough to recover the storage functionalities
Gerbier, Fabrice. "Condensats de Bose-Einstein dans un piège anisotrope." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003589.
Full textSenem, Kilic. "Le problème coulombien à trois corps : états liés, résonances et intéraction avec la lumière; vers la spectroscopie de H2+." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011439.
Full textNous présentons l'expérience, actuellement en cours de construction, de spectroscopie à deux photons sans effet Doppler dans l'ion H2+. Nous piégeons et sélectionnons les ions dans le niveau fondamental. La transition vers le premier état excité est en cours de réalisation. Dans l'objectif de déterminer le rapport de la masse du proton à la masse de l'électron nous montrons que la spectroscopie de l'ion HD+ est plus favorable. Ce résultat sera expérimentalement valorisé à l'avenir.
Zerega, Yves. "Méthode de détection sélective en masse par mesure des fréquences du mouvement d'ions créés extèrieurement puis confinés dans un piège quadripolaire R. F." Aix-Marseille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX11029.
Full textMacaleese, Luke. "Spectroscopie Infrarouge d'Intermédiaires Réactionnels Organométalliques." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00180742.
Full textNous avons développé cette technique avec deux spectromètres de masse (un piège ICR et un piège quadripolaire de Paul) couplés au laser à électrons libres d'Orsay. Cette source infrarouge a l'intensité requise pour induire l'absorption résonante de multiples photons, et son accordabilité dans l'infrarouge (700-2200cm-1) a été exploitée pour caractériser une grande variété d'ions sélectionnés en masse, en particulier des systèmes organométalliques.
Une partie de cette thèse a été dédiée à la mise au point des deux montages expérimentaux, ainsi qu'à la modélisation des spectres IRMPD. Nous montrons que ceux-ci sont très semblables aux spectres infrarouges d'absorption calculés à l'aide de la fonctionnelle de la densité B3LYP. Nous montrons que l'IRMPD permet de caractériser le spin du métal et le mode de coordination d'un ligand polydentate dans des espèces organométalliques réactives très difficiles à caractériser en phase condensée.
La réaction d'allylation des amines par un alcool allylique, catalysée par un complexe du palladium, a été étudiée. Plusieurs cycles catalytiques sont proposés, et le spectre IRMPD des intermédiaires réactionnels observés permet, en caractérisant leur structure, de valider un cycle catalytique.
Kilic, Senem. "Le problème coulombien à trois corps : états liés, résonances et interaction avec la lumière vers la spectroscopie vibrationnelle dans H2+." Paris 6, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011439.
Full textBielsa, Franck. "Spectroscopie vibrationnelle à deux photons de l'ion H2+ : développement d'une source laser à 9.166 microns." Paris 6, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00199877.
Full textMinaya, Ramirez Enrique. "Un nouveau piège à ions circulaire pour la spectrométrie de masse et la structure nucléaire." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00421111.
Full textCourrier, Benoît. "Caractérisation par spectrométrie de masse des molécules neutres induites par ablation laser." Metz, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000METZ057S.
Full textIdentification of neutral molecules emitted during laser materials interaction is one of the research axes developed by the Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de masse et chimie laser (LSMCL). Characterization of neutral molecules emitted during laser ablation was achived by developing a laser ablation/quadripolar mass spectrometer coupling system via gazeous chromatrography (GC/MS). The laser pyrolisis results were compared firstly those obtained by thermal pyrolisis GC/MS. They showed the strong dependance of power, the formation of aggregates and the mecanisms of decarboxylation for organic acids used as MALDI matrix. Due the introduction mode of neutral species into the chromatographic column, they was a weak sensitivity more especially for low density. The purpose of our studies was to develop and to carry out a device for identification of the neutral molecules emitted during laser ablation by increasing the detection sensitivity. Gazeous chromatography was removed and we replaced a mass spectrometer. This one is more sensitive than the GC/MS because several ionization modes can be used (electron impact EI and chemical ionization CI). When thesis is devided in two parts : the first one is confidential and will relate the presentation and the development of the device ; the second part is be devoted on the one hand, to the studied of the laser ablation of synthetic polymers and on the other hand, to the laser ablation of organic compounds used as MALDI matrix, in order to identify neutral molecules emitted
Bielsa, Franck. "Spectroscopie vibrationnelle à deux photons de l'ion H2+: développement d'une source laser à 9,166µm." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00199877.
Full textLahougue, Arnaud. "Étude de nouveaux systèmes catalytiques de type piège à NOx à base de terres rares : contribution à l’élaboration d’un catalyseur NOx-Trap via la spectroscopie IRTF Operando." Caen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CAEN2002.
Full textThis study finds its application in exhaust gas post treatment catalysis, and more precisely in the nitrogen oxide abatement from Diesel exhausts. The aim of this work is to elaborate alternative NOx-Trap catalysts to those currently used, based on alkalines and alkaline-earths which present regeneration problems, and to understand reaction mechanisms. Following structural and surface studies, essential properties and elements able to answer these expectancies were identified. Then, new formulations containing rare earths were considered. These materials were then tested, simulating real working conditions (operando studies). Our experimental device allows simultaneously to analyse surface species (by IR) and the corresponding gas phase (by MS and IR) during alternate cycles simulating NOx-Trap process. Very interesting results were obtained on a ceria-zirconia catalyst domed by praseodymium (Pt/Ce0,59 Zr0,34 Pr0,07 O2). Its higher oxygen mobility and weaker basicity than others adsorbents as Ba or K, improve its storage efficiencies at low temperature, remaining active at high temperature, and allow nitrates and sulphates destorage under reducing flow. By modulating properties of these catalysts, we have therefore developed a material able to fulfill the requirements of NOx-Trap process
Kamsap, Marius Romuald. "Horloge micro-onde à ions : analyse et transport d'un nuage d'ions dans un piège à plusieurs zones." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4781/document.
Full textThis thesis is part of a project aiming to explore the performance limiting factors of a microwave ion clock. This work is based on the observation and manipulation of a large ion cloud in potentials with different geometries. The purpose is to analyze and transport a large cloud of more than 10^6 ions in a linear radio-frequency trap with several zones. Our group has build a three-zone trap for calcium ion trapping: two quadrupole parts and an octupole part mounted inline. Ions are created in the first quadrupole part and cooled by lasers along the trap symmetry axis. We study the creation of a large ion cloud. The current trapping and cooling parameters limit the maximum size of the cloud to 1,2.10^5 ions. with a rapid and optimized transport protocol, these ions are transfered in the second part of the trap and then in the octupole trap with an efficiency of up to 100%. The result as function of the transport duration shows an asymmetry between the two transport directions. We exploit this feature to add ions in the second or third trap without loss of the already trapped ions. This accumulation technique has allowed to trap 2,5.10^5 ions in the second and third trap. The cooling laser power seems to be the major limiting factor of this number. Finally the observation of the ions in the octupole shows that the cold ions are localised in three different potential wells. This is in contradiction with the hollow structure predicted by the analytical fluid model and molecular dynamics simulations. The cause of this difference is a tiny defect in the octupole symmetry of the RF-electrodes which leads to local minima in the multipole potential
Mbardi, Abdessamad. "Spectroscopie d'ions H2+ piégés : développement d'un laser à 9.17 µm référencé au système international d'unité." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS646.
Full textMy thesis presents the development of a 9,166 µm laser source referenced to the international system of units, for high-resolution vibrational spectroscopy of the molecular ion H+2 with the aim of obtaining a new determination of the fundamental constant mp/me with extremely low relative uncertainty to 12 significant digits. The first part explores the preparation, trapping and cooling of Be+ ions enabling sympathetic cooling of trapped H+2 ions, as well as the method used to create H+2 ions in the fundamental vibrational state. The following sections, which constitute the main work of my thesis, highlight the laser source used - a quantum cascade laser - for the two-photon excitation of the H+2 transition, and present its phase locking to a CO2 laser itself phase-locked to a frequency comb referenced to the international system of units via the REFIMEVE network. Stability transfer from the comb to the CO2 laser is achieved by a non-linear mixing process in an AgGaSe2 crystal
Boudhib, Mohamed. "Analyse d’aérosols par méthodes LIBS sans étalonnage et LIBS couplée à une cellule radiofréquence utilisée comme piège à particules." Thesis, Orléans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ORLE2011/document.
Full textNew issues related to process control and workplace surveillance accompany the emergence of nanotechnology industry. This involves the development of new real-time and in-situ characterization techniques. In this context, the NOVA unit from the INERIS institute collaborated with LP3 and GREMI laboratories to study two approaches aiming to enhance the LIBS technic performances. The first approach used a flow cell to determine the relative elemental composition of an aerosol with a calibration-free procedure. The recorded spectra were compared to theoretical spectra calculated for a plasma in the Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium LTE. The best agreement between recorded and computed spectra allowed the determination of the relative composition with a good agreement with the reference value, for an alumina aerosol. The study of the temporal evolution of the plasma allowed the estimation of a temporal range within which the LTE hypothesis was verified. The second approach used a low-pressure radiofrequency plasma generated in an inert gas as a particle trap to analyse aerosols and nanoparticles. The use of such a system allowed the enhancement of particles detection by concentrating them spatially. We determined the optimal parameters for the LIBS analysis using this system. Furthermore, we established the plasma continuum was attenuated even at very low time delays. We evaluated the sampling volume of this new system and compared it to case of LIBS analysis on air. Finally, we estimated the detection limits of this system when analysing nanoparticles
Kouakou, N'Guessan Anita. "Valorisation de l'hydrogène pour la réduction des NOx en moteur diesel." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10201/document.
Full textThis thesis aims to investigate the feasibility of coupling a NOxTrap with a SCR catalyst. The efficiency of such a system running in sequential conditions depends on the extent of NH3 formed during the purge of the NOxTrap. The impact of Rh for further optimization has been investigated. An evaluation in real exhaust conditions on a driving bench showed that it is only possible to form NH3 during the purge of a NOxTrap by injecting extra reducing agent via a reformate mainly composed of CO and H2. Once formed NH3 can be stored on the SCR catalyst placed downstream and then react with NOx when the catalyst is exposed in lean conditions during the storage phase. The efficiency of this system depends not only on the purge duration and but also on the temperature. In fact, the performance of this system is linked to the quantity of NH3 formed during the purge of a NOxTrap and the NH3 storage capacity of the SCR catalyst. Similar trends were observed on a micro-reactor at the lab-scale. Further IR operando study showed that nitrates and nitrites are stored on alumina and mostly on barium oxide during the storage phase. Their ability to react during the purge follows a process in two stages when the purge duration is long enough. The selectivity in N2, N2O and NH3 depends on the quantity and on the nature of the reducing agents. H2 is probably the best one with a high efficiency in NOx reduction even at low temperature providing selectivity enhancement in NH3. However, the presence of CO was found to inhibit the storage and the reduction of NOx at low temperature. Above 250°C the formation of isocyanates on Al2O3 and BaO takes place and would produce NH3 via hydrolysis
Bacchitta, Francesca Useli. "Photophysique des molécules polycycliques aromatiques hydrogénées d'intérêt interstellaire avec l'expérience PIRENEA." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00469704.
Full textAttia, Dina. "Piégeage d'ions très chargés pour la mesure de durée de vie d'états métastables." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00194354.
Full textUseli, Bacchitta Francesca. "Photophysique des molécules polycycliques aromatiques hydrogénées d'intérêt interstellaire avec l'expérience PIRENEA." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/865/.
Full textOne of the interesting discoveries of infrared astronomy is the ubiquitous presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in interstellar and circumstellar environments. These macromolecules play a key role in the physics and chemistry of the interstellar medium (ISM). However, despite a lot of observational, laboratory and modelling studies, no definite identification of individual species has been possible yet. The identification process requires both an understanding of the nature of these large carbon molecules, which is driven by their formation and further evolution under the action of UV photodissociation and chemistry, and the search for specific spectroscopic fingerprints. These subjects are experimentally approached in this work,taking advantage of the PIRENEA set-up dedicated to astrochemistry. In the first part of this thesis a study of the photodissociation cascade of several medium-sized PAHs isolated in the ion trap of PIRENEA is performed. The aim of this study is to provide information on both destruction of PAHs by UV radiation and formation channels of small hydrocarbons and carbon clusters through destruction of a larger precursor. An inventory of the formed species is made and the main fragmentation patterns are identified. The second part of the thesis focuses on the visible spectroscopy of different PAH cations and dehydrogenated derivatives. Multiphoton dissociation spectroscopy is performed to measure the electronic spectra of these species. The experimental results are interpreted with the help of theoretical spectra calculated in the frame of the time-dependent density functional theory and laboratory data obtained in rare-gas matrices. The photophysics of the laser-irradiated ions is also modelled to derive, for some of the studied species, the absorption cross-sections of the measured electronic transitions. The purpose of this second study is to obtain gas-phase spectroscopic data on different ionised PAHs and derivatives, that can be useful for the pre-selection of the most promising candidates for some of the diffuse interstellar bands, a set of absorption bands observed in the ISM since almost a century but still unidentified
Karr, Jean-Philippe. "Optique quantique dans les microcavités semi-conductrices. Spectroscopie de l'ion moléculaire H2+." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00347825.
Full textJ'aborde dans la deuxième partie mes activités théorique et expérimentale autour de la spectroscopie de l'ion H2+. Le but de l'expérience, qui a débuté en 2003 à l'université d'Evry, est de mesurer la fréquence d'une transition vibrationnelle à deux photons sans effet Doppler, et de la comparer à des prédictions théoriques précises pour en déduire une nouvelle détermination du rapport mp/me. Je décris les progrès des calculs de haute précision sur l'ion H2+ (niveaux d'énergie non relativistes, structure hyperfine), ainsi que le dispositif expérimental mis en place et les perspectives de l'expérience.
Dutier, Gabriel. "Cavité nanométrique de vapeur de Césium : spectroscopie à haute résolution et interaction de surface de type van der Waals." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Nord - Paris XIII, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00583452.
Full textFléchard, X. "La spectroscopie d'ions de recul en Physique Atomique et en Physique Nucléaire: Applications à l'étude des collisions à basse énergie et à la mesure de la corrélation b-v en décroissance b." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Caen, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00773700.
Full textKnoop, Martina. "Confinement d'un ion unique de Ca+ pour la métrologie des fréquences optiques." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009442.
Full textLisowski, Caroline. "Ions calcium uniques pour un étalon de fréquence optique." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009617.
Full textManea, Vladimir. "Penning-trap mass measurements of exotic rubidium and gold isotopes for a mean-field study of pairing and quadrupole correlations." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112246/document.
Full textThe most complex nuclei are situated between the magic and the mid-shell ones, in regions known for sudden changes of the trends of nuclear observables. These are the so-called shape-transition regions, where the nuclear paradigm changes from the vibrational liquid drop to the static rotor. With few exceptions, nuclei in these regions are radioactive, with half-lives dropping into the millisecond range.Complementing the information obtained from the low-lying excitation spectrum, nuclear binding energies and mean-square charge radii are among the observables most sensitive to these changes of nuclear structure. In the present work, a study of the shape-transition phenomenon is performed by measurements of radioactive nuclides produced by the ISOLDE facility at CERN. The masses of the neutron-rich rubidium isotopes 98−100Rb and of the neutron-deficient gold isotopes 180,185,188,190,191Au are determined using the Penning-trap mass spectrometer ISOLTRAP. The mass of 100Rb is determined for the first time. Significant deviations from the literature values are found for the isotopes 188,190Au. A new experimental method is presented, using a recently developed multi-reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometer as a beam-analysis tool for resonance-ionization laser spectroscopy. The new method opens the path to measurements of atomic hyperfine spectra with ISOLTRAP, from which charge radii and electromagnetic moments of radioactive nuclides can be extracted. The properties of the studied nuclides map the borders of two prominent regions of quadrupole deformation, which constrain the fine balance between pairing and quadrupole correlations in the nuclear ground states. This balance is studied by the Hartree-Fock- Bogoliubov (HFB) approach. The sensitivity of the shape-transition phenomenon to the strength of pairing correlations is demonstrated. In particular, the strong odd-even staggering of charge radii in the mercury isotopic chain is shown to result in the HFB approach from the fine interplay between pairing, quadrupole correlations and quasi-particle blocking
Giraud, Simon. "Mesures de masse autour du 78Ni et nouveau traitement de l'équilibre statistique nucléaire pour l'étude des supernovae à effondrement de coeur." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC219.
Full textThe thesis sets itself in the framework of the study of core-collapse supernovae (CCSN). First, the modeling of the composition of the core of a massive star during its collapse has been investigated. To this aim, we have built a new treatment of the nuclear statistical equilibrium starting from a single-nucleus approximation equation of state (Lattimer and Swesty, LS). This allows a more realistic description of the nuclear distribution inside the core and, more specifically, to quantify the role of the nuclear masses. The distributions obtained with the original mass functional (LS) and those obtained with HFB-24 and DZ10 mass models have been compared for several thermodynamic conditions of a typical CCSN trajectory. The differences in the composition could lead up to ∼25% deviations in the electron-capture rate, thus showing the need to identify a proper mass model to use in CCSN simulations. Therefore, we performed high precision mass measurements in the nuclear mass region of interest, via a double Penning trap at the IGISOL facility (Jyväskylä, Finland). Five new mass excess were determined for the following nuclei : 69m,70Co, 74,75Ni and 76mCu. The precision has been improved for five others : 67Fe, 69Co, 76,78Cu and 79mZn. Finally, we have confirmed the values obtained by recent studies for 77Cu and 79Zn. The experimental values of the nuclear gaps for Z=28 and N=50 have been compared with the results predicted by DZ10 and HFB-24. The latter model better reproduces the evolution of these gaps. Therefore, HFB-24 was used in our new statistical treatment, that we implemented in an existing CCSN hydrodynamical simulation. We have observed a moderated impact of the mass model on the composition of the collapsing core. Moreover, we found that the differences in composition have small effect on the collapse dynamics, which appears to be more sensitive to the electron-capture model. Further studies should thus focus on this parameter
Zahzam, Nassim. "COLLISIONS ET INTERACTIONS FROIDES :- Collisions froides dans des pièges d'atomes et de molécules- Dynamique de l'interaction dipôle-dipôle dans un gaz de Rydberg froid." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011696.
Full textTrois expériences sont décrites dans cette thèse. Dans la première, la caractérisation du régime de collisions élastiques dans un piège hybride optique et magnétique a été menée. Cette étude est d'une grande importance pour évaluer, dans un tel piège, les possibilités d'atteindre la phase quantique de condensation de Bose-Einstein pour l'atome de césium. Dans la deuxième expérience, un dispositif de piégeage dipolaire de molécules de césium, réalisé à l'aide d'un laser CO2, a permis d'obtenir un échantillon dense et froid de molécules, créées par photoassociation d'atomes froids. Le confinement d'atomes et de molécules a été mis en évidence et des études quantitatives de collisions froides inélastiques molécule-atome ont pu être réalisées. Une mesure de ce taux de collisions est donnée dans le manuscrit. Nous abordons, dans la troisième expérience, l'étude détaillée des phénomènes d'interactions à longue distance dipôle-dipôle qui règnent au sein d'un gaz d'atomes de Rydberg froids. Ces interactions ont été mises en évidence et caractérisées à l'aide d'une méthode originale de spectroscopie optique de haute résolution.
Comparat, Daniel. "Formation de molécules froides par photoassociation d'atomes froids de césium. Mise en évidence de forces à longue portée entre atomes froids excités de césium." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002752.
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