Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Spectrométrie de masse – Analyse informatique'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Spectrométrie de masse – Analyse informatique.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Lefévre, Soizic. "Caractérisation de la qualité des raisins par imagerie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Reims, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023REIMS017.
Full textIdentifying the health conditions of the grapes at harvest time is a major issue in order to produce quality wines. To meet this issue, data are acquired by spectrometry, hyperspectral imaging and RGB imaging on grape samples during harvest.Several pre-treatments adapted to each type of data are applied such as normalization, reduction, extraction of characteristic vectors, and segmentation of useful areas. From an imaging point of view, the reconstruction in false colors of hyperspectral images, far from reality, doesn’t allow to label all the intra-class diversity. On the other hand, the visual quality of RGB imaging enables accurate class labelling. From this labelling, classifiers such as support vector machines, random forests, maximum likelihood estimation, spectral mapping, k-means are tested and trained on labelled bases. Depending on the nature of the data, the most effective is applied to whole images of grape clusters or crates of grapes of several grape varieties from different parcels.The quality indices obtained from RGB image processing are very close to the estimates made by experts in the field
Tirsoaga, Alina. "Analyse structurale d'endotoxines bactériennes par spectrométrie de masse." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112002.
Full textEndotoxins are lipopolysaccharides (LPS) made up of a lipid - (called lipid A) and a sugar - chain, both characteristic of each bacterial species. We developed methods of structure analysis and a purification method representing an important improvement for studies of structure/activity relationships. The first one is a micro analytical method that can be applied to milligram quantities of bacteria. With it, one can obtain spectra of the lipid A in one day, instead of a week as for previous techniques. The second one leads to the determination of the structure and the positions of the fatty acids with a little amount of lipid A. This technology was applied to Citrobacter, an Enterobacterium causing nosocomial diseases. A LPS purification method gave highly purified samples suitable for biological tests. This method will give preparation having identical activities in different laboratories. We also have established the existence of new constituents on the lipid A of B. Bronchiseptica, from which the whooping cough originated. The presence of a glucosamine on the phosphate group(s) was demonstrated and its effect on the biological activities will be of high impact particularly on the activity of anti-bacterial peptides, as glucosamines neutralise the lipid A structure responsible for the endotoxic activities of LPS
Gilles, Isabelle. "Spectrométrie de masse et réactivité chimique." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20080.
Full textDron, Julien. "Analyse fonctionnelle par spectrométrie de masse tandem : application aux aérosols organiques atmosphériques." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00308753.
Full textDadi, Hala. "Analyse par spectrométrie de masse des tubulines et de l'hormone de croissance." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS582.
Full textThe tubulins are proteins involved in cellular processes that are essential for cell life. The tubulins are polymodified at their C-terminal extremities. Different techniques have been used to characterize the polymodifications of tubulins. However, some challenges remain in the fine identification of some structures. In fact, mass spectrometry ion mobility can separate ions of the same m/z ratio depending on their conformations. In the first part of this thesis, an ion mobility mass spectrometry analysis allowed the separation of two synthetic peptides that mimic the structure of C-terminal peptides of biglycylated α-tubulins. In order to extrapolate this type of experiment to the C-terminal peptides purified from biological tubulins, we employed an analytical process to analyze these peptides from purified brain tubulins. Growth hormone (GH) is an anabolic hormone and a doping agent used by athletes. The availability of rhGH in the black-market has continuously increased because of doping in sports. The natural and the biosynthetic hGH have identical peptidic sequences. So far, the valid hGH anti-doping tests by the world antidoping agency are based on immunological recognition. However, Immunoassays have their own limitations. Therefore, the next generation analysis of GH has to be more specific and accurate. In the second part of this thesis, mass spectrometry coupled to reversed phase chromatography was used to find chemical differences between the pituitary hGH and the rhGH. The pituitary extracted hGH is glycosylated whereas the biotech product is sugar free. The present work represents an opening towards a novel methodology for a novel hGH anti-doping test
Barrere, Caroline. "Analyse de polymères synthétiques par résonance magnétique nucléaire et spectrométrie de masse." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10061/document.
Full textThis thesis work deals with two main analytical aspects of PEO-b-PS amphiphilic block copolymers, their structural characterization and their quantitation in mixture, using NMR and mass spectrometry. In a first part, a novel approach was developed for the determination of copolymer weight average molecular weight by PGSE NMR. The issue of MALDI mass analysis of PEO homopolymers functionalized with a labile nitroxide end-group for the purpose of nitroxide mediated polymerization of the PS block was also addressed. A multidisciplinary approach involving NMR, mass spectrometry and theoretical calculation gave rise to an efficient derivatization strategy aimed at allowing intact PEO adducts to be generated by MALDI. In addition, requirement for impurity quantitation in polymer samples led to the development of a rapid and accurate method using PGSE NMR. This approach, based on the measurement of magnetic relaxation times during PGSE experiments to enable signal intensity renormalization, evidenced the issue of transverse relaxation time estimation in the case of coupled spin systems. A novel NMR pulse sequence was hence proposed and successfully applied for accurate measurement of transverse relaxation times in a model case of a two-spin coupled system
Barrere, Caroline. "Analyse de polymères synthétiques par résonance magnétique nucléaire et spectrométrie de masse." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10061.
Full textThis thesis work deals with two main analytical aspects of PEO-b-PS amphiphilic block copolymers, their structural characterization and their quantitation in mixture, using NMR and mass spectrometry. In a first part, a novel approach was developed for the determination of copolymer weight average molecular weight by PGSE NMR. The issue of MALDI mass analysis of PEO homopolymers functionalized with a labile nitroxide end-group for the purpose of nitroxide mediated polymerization of the PS block was also addressed. A multidisciplinary approach involving NMR, mass spectrometry and theoretical calculation gave rise to an efficient derivatization strategy aimed at allowing intact PEO adducts to be generated by MALDI. In addition, requirement for impurity quantitation in polymer samples led to the development of a rapid and accurate method using PGSE NMR. This approach, based on the measurement of magnetic relaxation times during PGSE experiments to enable signal intensity renormalization, evidenced the issue of transverse relaxation time estimation in the case of coupled spin systems. A novel NMR pulse sequence was hence proposed and successfully applied for accurate measurement of transverse relaxation times in a model case of a two-spin coupled system
Carapito, Christine. "Vers une meilleure utilisation des données de spectrométrie de masse en analyse protéomique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/CARAPITO_Christine_2006.pdf.
Full textOliva, Mizar Francesca. "Analyse biochimique et par spectrométrie de masse d'un complexe ribonucléoprotéique d'export du VIH-1." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAV029/document.
Full textAn important step in the life cycle of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the nuclear export of incompletely spliced viral transcripts, including the replicated viral RNA genome. This process is mediated by the viral RNA-binding protein Rev. In the nucleus, Rev recognizes unspliced and partially spliced viral transcripts by multimerizing on a 350-nucleotide intron sequence, the Rev-response element (RRE). Rev then recruits the host cell export factor CRM1 and the small GTPase Ran to form the RRE/Rev/CRM1/Ran export complex. Knowledge of the 3D architecture of this ribonucleoprotein complex would provide important insights into how unspliced viral RNA export is achieved. However, the molecular details of this complex are poorly understood. In particular, the stoichiometry of Rev and CRM1 molecules bound to the RRE is under debate.My Ph.D. project aims to investigate the architecture of the RRE/Rev/CRM1/Ran complex. As part of this work, I used biochemical and cell-based assays to characterize the interactions between CRM1 and Rev and between Rev and the RRE. The majority of my efforts focused on investigating these interactions by native mass spectrometry (MS), a powerful method for determining the stoichiometry of macromolecular complexes. I set up protocols for the large-scale preparation of a 66-nucleotide RRE fragment (IIABC) bearing a high-affinity Rev binding site, and adapted these for compatibility with native MS analysis. Because Rev tends to aggregate and precipitate in solution, I engineered a mutant form of Rev (Rev*) to overcome this problem. Analysis of IIABC/Rev* complexes by native gel electrophoresis confirms multimerization of Rev on the RNA. After extensive optimization, I obtained high-quality native MS spectra of these complexes, revealing that IIABC binds up to 6 Rev* monomers. Furthermore, I reconstituted a 4-species complex, IIABC/Rev*/CRM1/Ran, and succeeded in determining its mass and stoichiometry by native MS – a technically challenging task. Additional efforts at analyzing the intact RRE and complexes with wild-type Rev have also yielded informative spectra, while analysis of the intact RRE/Rev/CRM1/Ran holo-complex has had more limited success. These results illustrate the strengths and limitations of native mass spectrometry and its potential for future development as a tool for analyzing ribonucleoprotein complexes
Rhourri-Frih, Boutayna. "Analyse, classification et caractérisation de résines d'origine végétale par chromatographie et spectrométrie de masse." Thesis, Orléans, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ORLE2054/document.
Full textThe aim of this research was to analyze and classify 31 natural resins using different analytical tools (HPTLC, LC-UV, LC-ELSD, LC-MS, GC-MS and NMR) in order to verify the link between the chemical composition of resins and their botanic belongs. Natural resins are mostly composed from triterpens that is the reason why development of sensitive liquid chromatography method hyphenated to mass spectrometry detection was necessary. APPI and APCI were proved to be the most adequate sources of ionization for triterpens mass spectrometry analysis. Triterpens have low polarity index and contain number of isomers making their extraction and separation difficult in liquid chromatography. To improve their extraction and separation in their natural matrix, different parameters were considered. Finally, three triterpens derivatives were described for the first time in Manilkara bidentata resin and their bio-activity was tested on human skin cells cultures
Thompson, Maureen. "Analyse protéomique de NOTCH1 : exploitation d'un système fiable pour l'identification de nouveaux partenaires d'interaction." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8167.
Full textGuy, Philippe. "Utilisation de la spectrométrie de masse pour l'étude structurale des protéines." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10085.
Full textMathieu, Alex-Ane. "Analyse protéomique de lignées cellulaires et de tissus de cancer colorectal par spectrométrie de masse." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/7615.
Full textAbstract : Colorectal adenocarcinoma is one of the most important cancers in Canada in terms of mortality and morbidity. However, we still know very little on its molecular features. This study was divided into two sub-projects. Sub-project A. At this time, no biomarker has the capacity of predicting a patient’s response to radiotherapy, which is a commonly used treatment of colorectal cancer. The goal of this section was to develop the methods to conduct a prospective or retrospective mass spectrometry study on the patient response to radiotherapy, through the use of human tissues. Mouse tissues and tissues of an anonymous patient were obtained in order to evaluate the feasibility of such a study. Different protein extraction techniques were evaluated. Total lysates and subcellular fractionations of fresh tissues allowed for a successful analysis of the samples. The same was true of total lysates of fixed tissues. However, proteins extracted from cells isolated through laser capture microdissection were insufficient in numbers and their types were inconsistent with the expected results. Sub-project B. In order to study the importance of proteins and cellular functions or pathways in different types of colorectal cancers. nine cell lines originating from colorectal carcinoma and from normal colon were fractionated according to four subcellular compartments and analysed through mass spectrometry. Until now, no research group had analysed, in a single study more than 5 cell lines as well as more than one subcellular compartment at once. Some cellular functions and canonical pathways were shown to be of high importance in many of the studied cell lines, such as the signalling through eIF2 pathway. Furthermore, the transcription regulators TP53, MYC and TGFB1were identified as potentially responsible for the observed proteomic characteristics. In conclusion, this study allowed for a better understanding of important molecular caracteristics of colorectal cancer and allowed for the optimization of techniques that may serve in the discovery of new biomarkers relative to the use of radiotherapy as a treatment.
Tin, Philippe. "Métabolites acides de différentes bactéries anaérobies : analyse par chromatographie en phase gazeuse-spectrométrie de masse." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05P175.
Full textDamerval, Virginie. "Analyse de la composition et de mécanismes de polymérisation d'oligomères téléchéliques aromatiques par spectrométrie de masse." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10303.
Full textVernerey, Franck. "Analyse multivariable de données ToF-SIMS, spectres de surface - profiles en profondeurs - imagerie de surface : développement du logiciel MULTI-ION SIMS." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10247.
Full textBerahia, Tahar. "Comportement par couplage chromatographie gazeuse-spectrométrie de masse et activité antioxydante de polyméthoxyflavones : application aux huiles essentielles de Citrus sinensis." Aix-Marseille 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX30034.
Full textLafitte, Daniel. "Mécanisme de liaison des cations sur la calmoduline : étude par spectrométrie de masse et analyse thermique." Montpellier 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON1T002.
Full textMaubert, Marie-Anne. "Analyse de peptides cellulaires par spectrométrie de masse à très haute résolution : application à l'inflammation intestinale." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066634.
Full textAllain, François. "Nouvelle méthode d’interprétation de données de spectrométrie de masse en tandem pour l’identification de microorganismes dans un échantillon complexe." Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAM0010.
Full textThe rapid identification of the microbial content of a complex biological sample is a major issue in biodefense and in areas related to human health, biotechnology and the environment. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) enables accurate profiling of the protein content of a sample. This thesis focuses on the development of a new concept in MS/MS data interpretation to identify the microbial content of a sample using general protein databases without prior knowledge of the target. The identification approach is based on (i) the most extensive protein database currently available and (ii) an MS/MS spectra interpretation algorithm. A dedicated computer architecture has been developed to combine the MS/MS results according to the taxonomy of living organisms while minimizing the required processing time and maximizing the MS/MS spectra assignment rate. A recursive identification strategy across the taxonomic tree based on the number of specific spectra associated with each taxon is possible but does not confidently identify the contents of a sample containing multiple sequenced organisms. The innovative concept developed here enables the correlation of the number of spectra assigned to a given taxon and the phylogenetic distances between this taxon and the taxon of the organism present in the case of a sample containing a single sequenced organism. This correlation allows us to model and determine the presence of any sequenced organism in a sample containing multiple organisms. An automatic tool for estimating phylogenetic distances between taxa has been developed. This tool is based on the addition of new organisms to a multiple sequence alignment comprising 31 families of universal proteins from organisms from all 3 domains of life (Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya). Finally, two algorithms for identifying multiple organisms from a single sample have been assessed : a naive greedy algorithm based on a heuristic and an iterative algorithm that solves a non-convex optimization problem using a weighted ℓ1 norm regularization term
Madec, Edwige. "Analyse moléculaire d'une protéine-kinase, PrkC, et d'une phosphatase, PrpC, impliquées dans deux processus de développement chez Bacillus subtilis." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112283.
Full textProtein phosphorylation on Ser/Thr/Tyr residues plays a vital role in many cellular processes. My studies in this Thesis concerned the characterization, for the first time of PrkC, a membrane linked protein kinase in Bacillus subtilis, belonging to the super-family of Hanks kinases, predominantly found in eukaryotes. PrkC was shown to be an integral membrane protein with the topology of some receptor kinases found in humans, with an external domain presumed sensor, a single transmembrane domain (TMD) and a highly conserved kinase domain. I have shown that PrkC forms dimers with both the extracellular domain and the TMD capable of promoting dimerization. In the presence of ATP, PrkC or its catalytic domain, PrkCc, autophosphorylates in vitro and phosphorylates MBP. In both cases, phosphorylation involves one or more Thr residues. In collaboration with Ole Jensen (Danemark), we were able to identify precisely eight phosphorylated residues in PrkC by mass spectrometry. These residues were localised to specific regions of a 3D structure of PrkCc modelled on known kinase structures. Four Thr were localised to the activation loop whereas three Thr are in the juxtamembrane region, and one Ser in a non conserved region. Site directed mutagenesis of these residues confirmed that autophosphorylation of Ser214 and the threonine residues in the activation loop is essential for kinase activity. In a complementary approach, PrpC, a protein phosphatase homologue of the human PP2C family was also characterized. The autophosphorylated form of PrkC was dephosphorylated by PrpC. PrkC and PrpC are encoded by adjacent genes which are co-transcribed. These results indicate that these enzymes form a functional protein kinase/phosphatase couple. Moreover, other studies showed that mutants deleted for prkC or prpC displayed reduced biofilm formation and sporulation frequencies. A better understanding of the role of PrkC and PrpC in the cell requires identification of targets/partners
Pratbernou, Françoise. "Détection et localisation de modifications post-traductionnelles ou de mutations sur des protéines par spectrométrie de masse." Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30112.
Full textChevreux, Guillaume. "Etude des interactions moléculaires spécifiques par spectrométrie de masse : application à la chimie du vivant." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2005/CHEVREUX_Guillaume_2005.pdf.
Full textThe development of new soft ionization methods at the early nineties provided new insight in the application range of mass spectrometry. Thus, the new ionization technique called “electrospray” showed rapidly that it was well fitted for the analysis of biological macromolecular entities such as proteins. Moreover, first studies reported that supramolecular complexes in solution could be transferred intact in the gas phase of the mass spectrometer, allowing their study by mass spectrometry. The aim of this work is to explore the potential of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for the study of non covalent complexes in the biological field. We have first developed instrumental conditions and methodologies allowing the discovery of new drugs. In this context, mass spectrometry rapidly appeared as a fruitful technique allowing the characterization of specific protein/ligand interactions. The main application consists in the validation of hits after high throughput screening applied on a therapeutic target. In a second part, we studied biological mechanisms based on various binding partners. The protein function in vivo is modulated by host/guest mechanisms implying non covalent molecular interactions. The accurate characterization of such binding partners, using mass spectrometry, was very useful for the comprehension of complex biological mechanisms such as the cellular motility, the adhesion process or the oxidative stress. In a last part, we used real time resolved mass spectrometry to explore the dynamic of non covalent complexes (subunit exchange, ligand dissociation). With this approach, it was possible to reach kinetic data such as dissociation constant, thus providing new perspectives for the characterization and understanding of biological complexes
Vernex-Loset, Lionel. "Étude des processus d'interaction laser de fibres naturelles par spectrométrie de masse : application à la validation expérimentale des critères de différenciation du cheveu." Metz, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1999/Vernex_Loset.Lionel.SMZ9950.pdf.
Full textDuez, Benoit. "Caracterisation de dépôts multicouches TiCxNy et Al2O3 sur WC : analyse quantitative par SIMS." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPL089N.
Full textQuantification in Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry is a recurring problem since the creation of this analytical technique. The determination of elements concentration inside an industrial sample was the final goal of this project. So, we work on several ways to succeed: some of them are already known (oxygen bombardment and cationization), others are more original (EEF/OF). EEF/OF technique uses oxygen bombardment, secondary ions have an initial energy of 600eV and there is oxygen flooding on sample surface. For these three methods, quantitative power has been tested on calibration standards and on multiplayer based titanium and aluminum samples. Our study shows us that oxygen bombardment will never be a quantitative analytical technique in spite of an important detection sensibility. The two others techniques have quantitative power: for majors elements EEF/OF has an important quantitative power but this technique is unable to quantify oxygen and the limit of detection sensibility does not authorize the detection of some minors elements. EEF/OF could be used in addition to cationization method, which allows oxygen detection and which have a higher detection sensibility limit. On the other hand, the accuracy between calculated concentrations and real concentrations are better for EEF/OF method
Roy, Sandrine. "Analyse des bio-marqueurs de la maladie de Fabry par techniques séparatives couplées et spectrométrie de masse." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA114841.
Full textFabry disease in an X-linked inborn error of neutral glycosphingolipids (GSLs) metabolism, caused by a deficiency of the lysomal α-galactosidase A, wich results in high levels of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) and galabiosylceramide (Ga2). Different techniques are developed to analyse lipid classes and molecular species in each lipid class. First, we optimised the separation of four major neutral GSLs. An HPLC separation combined with evaporative light-scattering detection allowed the detection of urinary globotriaosylceramide in urinary sediments of patients. Second, we analysed the different molecular species of Gb3 and Ga2 in urinary sediments with tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI Q-TOF and HPLC APPI MS-MS). About twenty molecular species are identified for Gaé and Gb3. Third, these lipids were analysed directly on the surface of tissue sections. MALDI-TOF ond cluster-TOF-SIMS imaging approaches were used to obtain the localization of GSLs on skin and kidney sections of patients affected by the Fabry disease
Roux, Aurélie. "Analyse du métabolome urinaire humain par chromatographie liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse à haute résolution." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066575.
Full textFabre, Bertrand. "Analyse de la diversité structurale des complexes de protéasome humain par approches protéomiques quantitatives." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU30328.
Full textMost of essential cellular pathways require the coordinated action of a large number of proteins that associate to form multi-protein complexes, often highly dynamic in time, space and abundance. The proteasome, an ubiquitous multiprotein complex, is responsible for the degradation of modified and non-functional proteins, or proteins involved in the regulation of most cellular key processes. Therefore the proteasome has a large functional, but also structural, diversity. It is constituted by the dynamic association between several complexes with a central catalytic particle, called 20S proteasome, present in all proteasome complexes, and four types of regulators, called 19S, PA28aß, PA28? and PA200. The cellular 20S proteasome exists in four main conformations, depending on the controlled integration of standard (ß1, ß2 and ß5), or immunological (ß1i, ß2i and ß5i) catalytic subunits, and can be found in its free form or in association with one or two, identical or different, regulatory complexes. The level of knowledge of these complexes stoichiometry, their cellular distribution, their dynamics and their specific functional roles is now very limited. The aim of this thesis project was to develop approaches using the most recent quantitative proteomic techniques based on mass spectrometry to study the structural diversity of proteasome complex. First, we studied the distribution of proteasome complexes in acute myeloid leukemia cells (U937 and KG1a). We optimized an integrated strategy combining in vivo formaldehyde cross-linking for an early stabilization of proteasome complexes, cellular fractionation of cross-linked cells, immunopurification of proteasome complexes, and label-free mass spectrometry quantification of proteins. Our results showed that, at the subcellular level, the proteasome is mainly regulated through changes in the 20S proteasome interaction with its regulators rather than through changes in the composition of its catalytic subunits. In a second part, we identified all proteasome associated proteins in three different compartments of U937 cells to determine its main subcellular functions. We showed that the proteasome is rather associated with intracellular signaling pathways in the cytosol whereas it is mainly associated with proteins involved in protein quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum. In the nucleus, we found that the proteasome is associated with proteins involved in transcription or DNA damage response. These results highlight a specialized function of proteasome in each cellular compartment. In a third part, we extended the study of proteasome complexes to 8 cell lines of different origins and we showed that catalytic subunits and regulators compositions of proteasome complexes are highly variable depending on the cell type. In addition, we have developed a method of protein abundance profiling that allowed us to define the existence of proteasome complex subtypes formed by specific 20S proteasome species and regulatory complexes. One of these preferential interactions involving the immunoproteasome and the PA28aß regulator has been confirmed by other biochemical approaches. Our work, based on the development of innovative biochemical tools and quantitative proteomic strategies, have thus helped to better understand the diversity, the stoichiometry and the dynamics of proteasome complexes at the subcellular level and between different cell types. The developed methods might be useful to study the distribution and composition of other protein complexes
Cossoul, Emilie. "Caractérisation de Poly(Ether Cétone Cétone) (PEKK) par résonance magnétique nucléaire et spectrométrie de masse." Rouen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ROUES010.
Full textPapin, Nelly. "Développement d'une puce à protéine pour l'analyse quantitative du protéome par spectrométrie de masse." Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05D033.
Full textThis thesis project deals with protein quantification and characterization technology. The aim of this thesis was to develop a protein microarray to quantify proteins in different biological samples. The method involved differential labelling of proteome extracts with chemical tags for the purpose of protein differenciation and quantification. After modification, the protein samples were mixed and applied to a hydrogel antibody microarray. Following washing with PBST, the captured proteins were digested by trypsin or glu C on the features. The peptides were then analyzed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry to obtain their relative quantification. As a proof of concept, was developed the MS quantification based on differential chemical modification and studied the impact of modification on the antibody interaction. Capture agents were commercial available antibodies which had suitable binding characteristics. Using this approach, we achieved quantification of apolipoprotein AI in serum corresponding to classical diagnostic analysis results, thus supporting our goal of applying this technology for diagnostic and clinical analysis
Delmotte, Nathanaël. "Développement de méthodes chromatographiques liquides multidimensionnelles couplées à la spectrométrie de masse, préparation et analyse d'échantillons biologiques complexes." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00193714.
Full textSix matériaux à accès restreints ont été évalués en fonction de leur aptitude à exclure l'hémoglobine d'hémolysats sanguins. Des injections à différents pH ont montré que la rétention de l'hémoglobine est drastiquement restreinte à pH 10,7. En raison d'une bonne stabilité à pH basique, la colonne polymérique Biotrap 500 MS RAM a été retenue pour l'extraction d'antibiotiques d'hémolysats sanguins. Des extractions quantitatives d'analytes à faibles concentrations (200 pg/μL) ont été réalisées sans effet mémoire d'hémoglobine sur la colonne.
Un nouveau système 2D-HPLC-ESI-MS/MS pour l'analyse protéomique a été développé. Le système est composé d'une séparation par RP-HPLC à pH 10,0, suivie d'une séparation par IP-RP-HPLC à pH 2,1. Ce nouveau système a été comparé à un système conventionnel SCX x IP-RP-HPLC. L'orthogonalité des méthodes de séparation est plus élevée dans l'approche SCX x IP-RP-HPLC que dans le schéma RP x IP-RP-HPLC. Cependant, en raison d'une meilleure distribution des peptides et d'une meilleure efficacité de séparation, le système RP x IP-RP-HPLC permet d'identifier significativement plus de peptides. Les deux approches sont complémentaires et une combinaison des deux systèmes permet d'identifier plus de peptides que des analyses répétées par un système unique.
Gimeno, Pascal. "Caractérisation d'échantillons de 3,4-méthylènedioxyméthamphétamine (MDMA) par analyse en chromatographie gazeuse - spectrométrie de masse des impuretés de synthèse." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO1T002.
Full textPons, Alexandre. "Utilisation des dérivés heptafluorobutyrates pour l'analyse qualitative et quantitative des constituants des glycoconjugués par chromatographie gazeuse couplée à la spectrométrie de masse." Lille 1, 2004. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2004/50376-2004-207-208.pdf.
Full textCaron, François. "Développement de microsystèmes fluidiques à électromouillage pour l'analyse de protéines par spectrométrie de masse MALDI." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-43.pdf.
Full textTonleu, Temgoua Ranil Clément. "Simulation des dégradations environnementales de quelques pesticides électroactifs par couplage électrochimie : spectrométrie de masse haute résolution - calculs théoriques DFT." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NANT4079.
Full textThe simulation/prediction of the environmental degradations of xenobiotics is an important field of research which allows to better understand the potential risks that represent organic contaminants in environmental systems. The main objective of this work is the implementation of hybrid couplings, associating an electrochemical device (EC) with analytical tools that are liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectrometry MS [(EC-LC-MS and EC-MS couplings)] for simulation of the environmental degradation of selected electroactive pesticides. The oxidative degradation of this fungicide was studied using an electrochemical flow-through cell directly coupled to a mass spectrometer for rapid identification of their degradation products. Firstly, the elucidation of the electrochemical behavior of diuron (phenylurea herbicide) was possible through the identification of its oxidation products using EC-LCMS and EC-MS couplings. Secondly, the mimicry by electrochemistry of the environmental degradation of seven other herbicides (fenuron, monuron, isoproturon, chlortoluron, metoxuron, monolinuron, linuron) was implemented. The third part focused on the study of the electrochemical behavior/degradation of a fungicide of the carbamate family (carbendazim). In addition to the known transformation products for these studied pesticides, two new very unstable degradation products have been identified in this work for the first time, mainly quinones imine and nitrenium ions. All the results obtained during this study were supported by quantum mechanics calculations (DFT)
Ecker, Paul. "Etude de la répercussion des propriétés moléculaires et des caractéristiques de la pulvérisation sur la détection des ions MCs+ et MCs+2 en spectrométrie de masse d'ions secondaires." Metz, 1998. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1998/Ecker.Paul.SMZ9847.pdf.
Full textSecondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) is a surface and interface analysis technique, the main quality of which is its sensitivity. Its principal weakness lies in the difficulty of quantification. Under Cs+ primary bombardment, this problem is strongly reduced by the monitoring of MCs+ and MCs2+ molecular ions. The aim of this work is the study of these ions through their molecular properties as well as through their formation mechanism. The stability of these molecular ions is studied by qualitative considerations supported by numerical modelling of some representative molecules. It is shown that the relative stabilities of the molecules of a series MCsx+ (x = 0 to 2) can be estimated by the application of basic chemical concepts. This work shows the importance of the formation mechanism to the analytical information carried by these ions. This is pointed out through the detailed study of isotopic ratios determined by M+, MCs+ and MCs2+ ions. These measurements enable us to evaluate the amount of ionie bombardment induced local composition changes on the sample. Finally, the evolution at certain interfaces of the signals corresponding to these ions is used to attribute formation mechanisms to them
Baboux, Nicolas. "Analyse ultime par Spectrométrie de Masses des Ions Secondaires des matériaux de la microélectronique avancée : contribution à l'interprétation des profils de bore dans le silicium." Lyon, INSA, 2001. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2001ISAL0083/these.pdf.
Full textSecondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) is a method of choice for elemental characterization of micro-electronics materials, due to its high sensitivity and good depth resolution. However, as devices dimensions shrink continuously, the demand for this method becomes more and more stringent. Practical implementation of the technique then becomes ultimate. We reported a number of instrumental artifacts, trying to interpret them, and showed that they are for a great responsible for the lack of reproducibility. Of course, the depth resolution must be drastically improved. The evolution of the depth resolution function parameters was studied in a rigorous way in the case of boron in silicon. For the best available analysis conditions, the achieved resolution is of order of one nanometer that is to say a few atomic planes. Moreover, the transient region, corresponding to the first instants of the erosion process, cannot be neglected any more: a substantial part of the impurity profile can lie in it, making its quantification very difficult, and the integral effect of this phenomenon can lead to a systematic shift of the depth scale. We showed conclusively that flooding the sample with oxygen during analysis allows a precise measurement of the total profile's dose, although it undergoes a significant shape distorsion. It was also established that the absolute precision of the depth scale is better than one nanometer. Finally, the search of the optimal conditions in terms of depth resolution is hampered by the occurrence of roughness on the instantaneous surface of the sample. We have quantitatively studied its consequences on the measurements interpretation. Useful range of analysis conditions was determined for the case of oxygen flooting
Lagarrigue, Mélanie. "Détection, identification et préconcentration de produits de dégradation d'agents de guerre chimique organophosphorés par couplage électrophorèse capillaire-spectrométrie de masse." Phd thesis, Paris 6, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004615.
Full textKernalléguen, Angéline. "Caractérisation et localisation des xénobiotiques dans les cheveux par spectrométrie de masse Maldi." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0754.
Full textHair analysis is now recognized as a relevant tool in the field of toxicology. It provides a precise history of an individual’s exposure to drugs, whether it is a punctual or repeated consumption.Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (MALDI) has many advantages over conventional techniques: the amount of hair needed is reduced, the sample preparation is simplified and the images are acquired with high spatial resolution (~ 100 μm).MALDI (MALDI-MSn) imaging allowed us to characterize and map the evolution of drugs amounts along the hair with very spatial resolution avoiding long and complex pre-sample preparation.MALDI coupled to Microaarays for Mass Spectrometry (MAMS) allowed us to develop a method for semi-quantitation of cocaine, benzoylecgonine, ecgonine methyl ester and cocaethylene using 1 mg of hair and 2 hours of extraction; the results are well correlated with a validated quantification method. This method is relevant when urgent results are required.In total, the development of these two applications demonstrates the relevance of MALDI mass spectrometry in the toxicological analysis of hair. The prospects are to improve these protocols in order to transpose them routinely and to develop large screening methods by MALDI mass spectrometry
Pagés, Jean-Charles. "Analyse de la concentration des androgènes nucléaires dans la prostate humaine par chromatographie gazeuse couplée à la spectrométrie de masse." Montpellier 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON11039.
Full textFatou, Benoit. "Développements d’outils de micro-échantillonnage par ablation laser et spectrométrie de masse pour la caractérisation de tissus biologiques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10205.
Full textRecent advances in ambient ionization sources enable the study by mass spectrometry (MS) of native samples, without any preparation. In combination with sampling methods, they allow identification of biomolecules with respect to their histological localization. In this context, we have developed and explored the potential of two micro-sampling tools for the characterization of biological tissues. The first one consists in the ablation of analytes from biological sample using a ns laser at 532 nm and their subsequent capture in a solvent droplet which can then be analyzed by MS. We demonstrate that analyses are possible, despite the low absorbance of the biological material at this wavelength. This is due to the preponderance of an indirect substrate-mediated ablation mechanism which contrasts with the conventional direct ablation driven by analyte absorption. The second tool is an instrument for real-time analysis of biomolecules. Based on the laser ablation at 2.94 µm in coincidence with a strong absorption band of the water, and coupled to the spectrometer by a transfer line, it provides the ex vivo and in vivo characterization of biological tissue. Molecular profiles generated in real-time show signals corresponding to metabolites and lipids. The low-invasive and virtually painless nature of the laser irradiation was demonstrated through in vivo studies on phalanges of voluntary individuals. Finally, some of the developments made on this tool was dedicated for a clinical application, namely the ovarian cancer, and the development of the databases of molecular profiles corresponding to different grades of the disease
Gonzalez, de Peredo Anne. "Etude structurale de la protéine FUR (Ferric Uptake Regulation) d'Escherichia coli par spectrométrie de masse." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10006.
Full textBard, Édouard. "Analyse isotopique du carbone en spectrométrie de masse par accélérateur : application à la géochimie marine et à la géochronologie." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112383.
Full textOhara, Keiichiro. "Interactions non covalentes de dérivés guanidylés avec l'ADN : synthèse, évaluation biologique et analyse par spectrométrie de masse MALDI-TOF." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20154.
Full textFarenc, Mathilde. "Apports de la mobilité ionique couplée à la spectrométrie de masse pour l’analyse des matrices complexes." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR007/document.
Full textPetroleum is a highly complex mixture that needs to be refined in order to be commercialized. The petroleum fractions have various compositions from gasoline to petroleum coke. Naphtha distillation cut gives olefins by steam cracking which are polymerised using metallocene catalysts to produce polyolefins. This thesis work focused on the characterisation of vacuum gas oils, polyolefins and metallocene catalysts to better understand and optimized refining processes. A comparison of atmospheric pressure ionisation sources was realised for the characterisation of vacuum gas oils by ion mobility–mass spectrometry (IMMS). Electrospray (ESI+) source allows to selectively analyse the basic nitrogen containing species. The ASAP and APPI (atmospheric pressure photoionisation) sources allows to identify sulphur containing compounds like benzothiophenes. Based on the IMMS data, a new indicator based on the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of ion mobility peaks was developed to obtain isomeric information without any identification of the species. Polymers were also analysed using the ASAP source. In particular, polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) were analysed by ASAP-IMMS and allow us to identify the oxidized species obtained by atmospheric pressure pyrolysis. The relative abundance of these species and their drift time were significantly different between the different samples and notably between isotactic PP and atactic PP. Finally, a new method based on the ASAP source was developed to analyse air sensitive compounds like metallocene used for polyolefin polymerisation
Morineaux, Valérie. "Identification et Quantification des Sous-Types de la Neurotoxine Botulique de Type A par Spectrométrie de Masse." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA114826.
Full textBotulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are the most poisonous substances known. They are responsible for human botulism, a rare but potentially fatal disease if not quickly treated. However, BoNTs were approved for the treatment of numerous medical applications due to their temporary paralysis effects. BoNTs are among the six agents with the highest risk of potential use as bio-weapons because of their high toxicity in aerosol form. BoNTs, produced by Clostridium botulinum, are divised into seven toxinotypes and each toxinotype contains several subtypes. This biodiversity makes more difficult their identification with classical methods by immunological ways. Until now, only molecular genetical methods could differenciate subtypes among them. The aim of this work was to develop a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in MRM mode to efficiently discrimate the distinct subtypes from specific and common peptides. Immunocapture sample preparation with antipeptides antibodies was used and allowed the isolation of the toxin from the sample. Subtyping was performed with crude supernatants (BoNT/A1 to /A3, /A5, /A7 and /A8) in order to validate the method. Limit of detection (LOD) of the proposed method is in the range of minimal toxin concentration found in naturally contamined samples. In a second part of this work, this mass spectrometry method was used to quantify the neurotoxin in complex matrices (supernatants of Clostridium botulinum cultures). Isotope labeled light chain (13C6]K et [13C6]R) from botulinum A1 neurotoxin was produced and used as internal standart. Subtypes were quantified in supernatants and the quantity of neurotoxin for one minimal lethal dose 100% was determined for each subtype
Dossat, Nadège. "Analyse discriminante des spectres en protéomique dans un but diagnostic et thérapeutique : application au cancer du sein." Montpellier 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON1T009.
Full textThe proteomic is an essential tool in tehe diseases comprehension, such as cancer. The proteins profiling provides an integrated of the disease pocesses at the protein level. The SELDI-TOF mas spectrometry is one of the laboratory tolls employed to find the disease-related proteomic patterns. A mass spectrum contains information on proteind and their fragments. One peak i. E. One local maximum of the mass spectrum represents a protein or a protein fragment. The objective is to seek discriminating biomarkers i. E. The peaks present in the breast cancer and the healthy control groups but with intensities specific to each or the peaks present in only one of the two groups. The problem of this mass spectrompetrytechnique is variability on the X-coordinate (m/z) and Y-coordinate (intensity). La [i. E. The] variability on the X-coodinate makes difficult the identification of the peaks statistically "identical" on the X-coordinate. The variability on the Y-coordinate leads to problems in the mass spectra classification. A prime objectif was to identify the peaks by taking account of the double variability of those. The principle is to model the peak variability on the X-coordinate and on the Y-coordinate by a bivariate normal distribution. Thus, the distribution of the whole of the mass spectra for one group (cancer/control) is modelled by a bivariate normal mixture. The estimation of mixture model parameters is done by using constrained EM algoritm. After the peak identification, the biomarkers can by identified using statistical tests. For ensure us of the reality of the non presence of certain peaks in only one or the two groups, an improvement of the denoising methods of the mass spectra by the wavelts transforms invariant in translation was studied. The noise of the spectra is influenced by chemical process used in technique of spectrometry SELDI-TOF, which gives a noise with a variance which decrease continuously to the X-coordinate. The second part consisted in adapting the thresholding of the wavelets to the specific noise in the mass spectra SELDI-TOF. Adatations of constrained algorithm EM are then necessary to identify new peaks to compare them with those obtained by the groups of methodes developed in the first part
Mialle, Sébastien. "Développements analytiques en spectrométrie de masse à thermo-ionisation pour l'analyse isotopique de faibles quantités." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1507/.
Full textIn the framework of the French transmutation project of nuclear wastes, experiments consisted in the irradiation in a fast neutron reactor of few milligrams of isotopically enriched powders. Hence, the isotopic analysis of very small amount of irradiation products is one of the main issues. The aim of this study was to achieve analytical developments in thermal ionization mass spectrometry in order to accurately analyze these samples. Several axes were studied including the new total evaporation method, deposition techniques, electron multiplier potentialities and comparison between different isotope measurement techniques. Results showed that it was possible to drastically decrease the amounts needed for analysis, especially with Eu and Nd, while maintaining an uncertainty level in agreement with the project requirements
Richert, Sophie. "De l'identification à la caractérisation de protéines : Développement de la spectrométrie de masse dans le cadre de l'approche protéomique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2003/RICHERT_Sophie_2003.pdf.
Full textBoutegrabet, Lemia. "Approche métabolomique dans l'analyse de l'évolution oxydative des vins en spectrométrie de masse à très haute résolution." Thesis, Dijon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012DIJOS025.
Full textDuring winemaking processes, many oxidation reactions may occur especially during the aging period. Recently, white wines are characterized by a problem of premature oxidation for which few studies have provided chemical explanation. To date, the involved mechanisms in this phenomenon remain poorly understood.The aim of this thesis project is to provide, through an untargeted molecular analysis using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) coupled to chemometric analysis, original clue to understand the premature oxidation of white wines. Based on the study of a series of premature oxidized white wines, we were able to elucidate the high complexity and the chemical diversity of wine, and got out typical masses characterizing the oxidation state. In order to better understand the origin of this phenomenon, we considered two alternative possibilities of oxidation: the first one induced by oxygen, and the second through a natural evolution of wines in bottles. The latter included the monitoring of the chemical evolution of white and red wines as a function of time. A very interesting result was obtained on the vertical series of white wines from 1979 to 2006, where two groups were separated at the 1990 vintage to provide a group of old wines (1979-1990) and a group of new wines (1991-2006). Typical discriminant masses were found for each group.A comparison between the chemical spaces discriminating each of the three types of oxidation (premature oxidation, oxidation with oxygen and natural evolution of wine in bottle) revealed very few common masses that may indicate that the phenomenon of premature oxidation is indeed influenced by multiple factors.Finally, a structural elucidation of the typical masses of the groups of oxidized and aged wines were established using FT-ICR-MS/MS. Possible fragmentations schemes of some of these masses were proposed