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Academic literature on the topic 'Spectrin'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Spectrin"

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Machnicka, Beata, Renata Grochowalska, Dżamila M. Bogusławska, and Aleksander F. Sikorski. "The role of spectrin in cell adhesion and cell–cell contact." Experimental Biology and Medicine 244, no. 15 (June 21, 2019): 1303–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1535370219859003.

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Spectrins are proteins that are responsible for many aspects of cell function and adaptation to changing environments. Primarily the spectrin-based membrane skeleton maintains cell membrane integrity and its mechanical properties, together with the cytoskeletal network a support cell shape. The occurrence of a variety of spectrin isoforms in diverse cellular environments indicates that it is a multifunctional protein involved in numerous physiological pathways. Participation of spectrin in cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix adhesion and formation of dynamic plasma membrane protrusions and associated signaling events is a subject of interest for researchers in the fields of cell biology and molecular medicine. In this mini-review, we focus on data concerning the role of spectrins in cell surface activities such as adhesion, cell–cell contact, and invadosome formation. We discuss data on different adhesion proteins that directly or indirectly interact with spectrin repeats. New findings support the involvement of spectrin in cell adhesion and spreading, formation of lamellipodia, and also the participation in morphogenetic processes, such as eye development, oogenesis, and angiogenesis. Here, we review the role of spectrin in cell adhesion and cell–cell contact.Impact statementThis article reviews properties of spectrins as a group of proteins involved in cell surface activities such as, adhesion and cell–cell contact, and their contribution to morphogenesis. We show a new area of research and discuss the involvement of spectrin in regulation of cell–cell contact leading to immunological synapse formation and in shaping synapse architecture during myoblast fusion. Data indicate involvement of spectrins in adhesion and cell–cell or cell–extracellular matrix interactions and therefore in signaling pathways. There is evidence of spectrin’s contribution to the processes of morphogenesis which are connected to its interactions with adhesion molecules, membrane proteins (and perhaps lipids), and actin. Our aim was to highlight the essential role of spectrin in cell–cell contact and cell adhesion.
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Goodman, Steven R., Daniel Johnson, Steven L. Youngentob, and David Kakhniashvili. "The Spectrinome: The Interactome of a Scaffold Protein Creating Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Connectivity and Function." Experimental Biology and Medicine 244, no. 15 (September 4, 2019): 1273–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1535370219867269.

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We provide a review of Spectrin isoform function in the cytoplasm, the nucleus, the cell surface, and in intracellular signaling. We then discuss the importance of Spectrin’s E2/E3 chimeric ubiquitin conjugating and ligating activity in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Finally we present spectrin isoform subunit specific human diseases. We have created the Spectrinome, from the Human Proteome, Human Reactome and Human Atlas data and demonstrated how it can be a useful tool in visualizing and understanding spectrins myriad of cellular functions. Impact statement Spectrin was for the first 12 years after its discovery thought to be found only in erythrocytes. In 1981, Goodman and colleagues 1 found that spectrin-like molecules were ubiquitously found in non-erythroid cells leading to a great multitude of publications over the next thirty eight years. The discovery of multiple spectrin isoforms found associated with every cellular compartment, and representing 2-3% of cellular protein, has brought us to today’s understanding that spectrin is a scaffolding protein, with its own E2/E3 chimeric ubiquitin conjugating ligating activity that is involved in virtually every cellular function. We cover the history, localized functions of spectrin isoforms, human diseases caused by mutations, and provide the spectrinome: a useful tool for understanding the myriad of functions for one of the most important proteins in all eukaryotic cells.
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Moorthy, Suraj, Lihsia Chen, and Vann Bennett. "Caenorhabditis elegans β-G Spectrin Is Dispensable for Establishment of Epithelial Polarity, but Essential for Muscular and Neuronal Function." Journal of Cell Biology 149, no. 4 (May 15, 2000): 915–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.149.4.915.

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The Caenorhabditis elegans genome encodes one α spectrin subunit, a β spectrin subunit (β-G), and a β-H spectrin subunit. Our experiments show that the phenotype resulting from the loss of the C. elegans α spectrin is reproduced by tandem depletion of both β-G and β-H spectrins. We propose that α spectrin combines with the β-G and β-H subunits to form α/β-G and α/β-H heteromers that perform the entire repertoire of spectrin function in the nematode. The expression patterns of nematode β-G spectrin and vertebrate β spectrins exhibit three striking parallels including: (1) β spectrins are associated with the sites of cell–cell contact in epithelial tissues; (2) the highest levels of β-G spectrin occur in the nervous system; and (3) β spec-trin-G in striated muscle is associated with points of attachment of the myofilament apparatus to adjacent cells. Nematode β-G spectrin associates with plasma membranes at sites of cell–cell contact, beginning at the two-cell stage, and with a dramatic increase in intensity after gastrulation when most cell proliferation has been completed. Strikingly, depletion of nematode β-G spectrin by RNA-mediated interference to undetectable levels does not affect the establishment of structural and functional polarity in epidermis and intestine. Contrary to recent speculation, β-G spectrin is not associated with internal membranes and depletion of β-G spectrin was not associated with any detectable defects in secretion. Instead β-G spectrin-deficient nematodes arrest as early larvae with progressive defects in the musculature and nervous system. Therefore, C. elegans β-G spectrin is required for normal muscle and neuron function, but is dispensable for embryonic elongation and establishment of early epithelial polarity. We hypothesize that heteromeric spectrin evolved in metazoans in response to the needs of cells in the context of mechanically integrated tissues that can withstand the rigors imposed by an active organism.
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Nicolas, Gaël, Catherine M. Fournier, Colette Galand, Laurence Malbert-Colas, Odile Bournier, Yolande Kroviarski, Monique Bourgeois, et al. "Tyrosine Phosphorylation Regulates Alpha II Spectrin Cleavage by Calpain." Molecular and Cellular Biology 22, no. 10 (May 15, 2002): 3527–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.22.10.3527-3536.2002.

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ABSTRACT Spectrins, components of the membrane skeleton, are implicated in various cellular functions. Understanding the diversity of these functions requires better characterization of the interacting domains of spectrins, such as the SH3 domain. Yeast two-hybrid screening of a kidney cDNA library revealed that the SH3 domain of αII-spectrin binds specifically isoform A of low-molecular-weight phosphotyrosine phosphatase (LMW-PTP). The αII-spectrin SH3 domain does not interact with LMW-PTP B or C nor does LMW-PTP A interact with the αI-spectrin SH3 domain. The interaction of spectrin with LMW-PTP A led us to look for a tyrosine-phosphorylated residue in αII-spectrin. Western blotting showed that αII-spectrin is tyrosine phosphorylated in vivo. Using mutagenesis on recombinant peptides, we identified the residue Y1176 located in the calpain cleavage site of αII-spectrin, near the SH3 domain, as an in vitro substrate for Src kinase and LMW-PTP A. This Y1176 residue is also an in vivo target for kinases and phosphatases in COS cells. Phosphorylation of this residue decreases spectrin sensitivity to calpain in vitro. Similarly, the presence of phosphatase inhibitors in cell culture is associated with the absence of spectrin cleavage products. This suggests that the Y1176 phosphorylation state could modulate spectrin cleavage by calpain and may play an important role during membrane skeleton remodeling.
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Leto, T. L., D. Fortugno-Erikson, D. Barton, T. L. Yang-Feng, U. Francke, A. S. Harris, J. S. Morrow, V. T. Marchesi, and E. J. Benz. "Comparison of nonerythroid alpha-spectrin genes reveals strict homology among diverse species." Molecular and Cellular Biology 8, no. 1 (January 1988): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.8.1.1-9.1988.

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The spectrins are a family of widely distributed filamentous proteins. In association with actin, spectrins form a supporting and organizing scaffold for cell membranes. Using antibodies specific for human brain alpha-spectrin (alpha-fodrin), we have cloned a rat brain alpha-spectrin cDNA from an expression library. Several closely related human clones were also isolated by hybridization. Comparison of sequences of these and other overlapping nonerythroid and erythroid alpha-spectrin genes demonstrated that the nonerythroid genes are strictly conserved across species, while the mammalian erythroid genes have diverged rapidly. Peptide sequences deduced from these cDNAs revealed that the nonerythroid alpha-spectrin chain, like the erythroid spectrin, is composed of multiple 106-amino-acid repeating units, with the characteristic invariant tryptophan as well as other charged and hydrophobic residues in conserved locations. However, the carboxy-terminal sequence varies markedly from this internal repeat pattern and may represent a specialized functional site. The nonerythroid alpha-spectrin gene was mapped to human chromosome 9, in contrast to the erythroid alpha-spectrin gene, which has previously been assigned to a locus on chromosome 1.
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Leto, T. L., D. Fortugno-Erikson, D. Barton, T. L. Yang-Feng, U. Francke, A. S. Harris, J. S. Morrow, V. T. Marchesi, and E. J. Benz. "Comparison of nonerythroid alpha-spectrin genes reveals strict homology among diverse species." Molecular and Cellular Biology 8, no. 1 (January 1988): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.8.1.1.

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The spectrins are a family of widely distributed filamentous proteins. In association with actin, spectrins form a supporting and organizing scaffold for cell membranes. Using antibodies specific for human brain alpha-spectrin (alpha-fodrin), we have cloned a rat brain alpha-spectrin cDNA from an expression library. Several closely related human clones were also isolated by hybridization. Comparison of sequences of these and other overlapping nonerythroid and erythroid alpha-spectrin genes demonstrated that the nonerythroid genes are strictly conserved across species, while the mammalian erythroid genes have diverged rapidly. Peptide sequences deduced from these cDNAs revealed that the nonerythroid alpha-spectrin chain, like the erythroid spectrin, is composed of multiple 106-amino-acid repeating units, with the characteristic invariant tryptophan as well as other charged and hydrophobic residues in conserved locations. However, the carboxy-terminal sequence varies markedly from this internal repeat pattern and may represent a specialized functional site. The nonerythroid alpha-spectrin gene was mapped to human chromosome 9, in contrast to the erythroid alpha-spectrin gene, which has previously been assigned to a locus on chromosome 1.
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Kennedy, S. P., S. L. Warren, B. G. Forget, and J. S. Morrow. "Ankyrin binds to the 15th repetitive unit of erythroid and nonerythroid beta-spectrin." Journal of Cell Biology 115, no. 1 (October 1, 1991): 267–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.115.1.267.

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Ankyrin mediates the attachment of spectrin to transmembrane integral proteins in both erythroid and nonerythroid cells by binding to the beta-subunit of spectrin. Previous studies using enzymatic digestion, 2-nitro-5-thiocyanobenzoic acid cleavage, and rotary shadowing techniques have placed the spectrin-ankyrin binding site in the COOH-terminal third of beta-spectrin, but the precise site is not known. We have used a glutathione S-transferase prokaryotic expression system to prepare recombinant erythroid and nonerythroid beta-spectrin from cDNA encoding approximately the carboxy-terminal half of these proteins. Recombinant spectrin competed on an equimolar basis with 125I-labeled native spectrin for binding to erythrocyte membrane vesicles (IOVs), and also bound ankyrin in vitro as measured by sedimentation velocity experiments. Although full length beta-spectrin could inhibit all spectrin binding to IOVs, recombinant beta-spectrin encompassing the complete ankyrin binding domain but lacking the amino-terminal half of the molecule failed to inhibit about 25% of the binding capacity of the IOVs, suggesting that the ankyrin-independent spectrin membrane binding site must lie in the amino-terminal half of beta-spectrin. A nested set of shortened recombinants was generated by nuclease digestion of beta-spectrin cDNAs from ankyrin binding constructs. These defined the ankyrin binding domain as encompassing the 15th repeat unit in both erythroid and nonerythroid beta-spectrin, amino acid residues 1,768-1,898 in erythroid beta-spectrin. The ankyrin binding repeat unit is atypical in that it lacks the conserved tryptophan at position 45 (1,811) within the repeat and contains a nonhomologous 43 residue segment in the terminal third of the repeat. It also appears that the first 30 residues of this repeat, which are highly conserved between the erythroid and nonerythroid beta-spectrins, are critical for ankyrin binding activity. We hypothesize that ankyrin binds directly to the nonhomologous segment in the 15th repeat unit of both erythroid and nonerythroid beta-spectrin, but that this sequence must be presented in the context of a properly folded spectrin "repeat unit" structure. Future studies will identify which residues within the repeat unit are essential for activity, and which residues determine the specificity of various spectrins for different forms of ankyrin.
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Howe, C. L., L. M. Sacramone, M. S. Mooseker, and J. S. Morrow. "Mechanisms of cytoskeletal regulation: modulation of membrane affinity in avian brush border and erythrocyte spectrins." Journal of Cell Biology 101, no. 4 (October 1, 1985): 1379–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.101.4.1379.

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The spectrins isolated from chicken erythrocytes and chicken intestinal brush border, TW260/240, share a common alpha subunit and a tissue-specific beta subunit. The ability of these related proteins to bind human erythrocyte inside out vesicles (IOVs) and human erythrocyte ankyrin in vitro have been quantitatively compared with human erythrocyte spectrin. Chicken erythrocyte spectrin binds human IOVs and human ankyrin with affinities nearly identical to that for human erythrocyte spectrin. TW260/240 does not significantly bind to either IOVs or ankyrin. These results demonstrate a remarkable tissue preservation of ankyrin-binding capacity, even between diverse species, and confirm the role of the avian beta-spectrins in modulating this functionality. Avian brush border spectrin may represent a unique spectrin which serves primarily as a filament cross-linker and which does not interact strongly with membrane-associated proteins.
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Baines, Anthony J. "Evolution of spectrin function in cytoskeletal and membrane networks." Biochemical Society Transactions 37, no. 4 (July 22, 2009): 796–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0370796.

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Spectrin is a cytoskeletal protein thought to have descended from an α-actinin-like ancestor. It emerged during evolution of animals to promote integration of cells into tissues by assembling signalling and cell adhesion complexes, by enhancing the mechanical stability of membranes and by promoting assembly of specialized membrane domains. Spectrin functions as an (αβ[H])2 tetramer that cross-links transmembrane proteins, membrane lipids and the actin cytoskeleton, either directly or via adaptor proteins such as ankyrin and 4.1. In the present paper, I review recent findings on the origins and adaptations in this system. (i) The genome of the choanoflagellate Monosiga brevicollis encodes α-, β- and βHeavy-spectrin, indicating that spectrins evolved in the immediate unicellular precursors of animals. (ii) Ankyrin and 4.1 are not encoded in that genome, indicating that spectrin gained function during subsequent animal evolution. (iii) Protein 4.1 gained a spectrin-binding activity in the evolution of vertebrates. (iv) Interaction of chicken or mammal β-spectrin with PtdInsP2 can be regulated by differential mRNA splicing, which can eliminate the PH (pleckstrin homology) domain in βI- or βII-spectrins; in the case of mammalian βII-spectrin, the alternative C-terminal region encodes a phosphorylation site that regulates interaction with α-spectrin. (v) In mammalian evolution, the single pre-existing α-spectrin gene was duplicated, and one of the resulting pair (αI) neo-functionalized for rapid make-and-break of tetramers. I hypothesize that the elasticity of mammalian non-nucleated erythrocytes depends on the dynamic rearrangement of spectrin dimers/tetramers under the shearing forces experienced in circulation.
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Lawler, J., TL Coetzer, VN Mankad, RB Moore, JT Prchal, and J. Palek. "Spectrin-alpha I/61: a new structural variant of alpha-spectrin in a double-heterozygous form of hereditary pyropoikilocytosis." Blood 72, no. 4 (October 1, 1988): 1412–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v72.4.1412.1412.

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Abstract Recent biochemical studies have led to the identification of abnormal spectrins in the erythrocytes of patients with hereditary pyropoikilocytosis (HPP) and hereditary elliptocytosis (HE). In this report we describe the biochemical characterization of the erythrocytes from a proband with severe HPP who is doubly heterozygous for two mutant spectrins (Sp): Sp alpha I/74 and a new, previously undetected, mutant of alpha-spectrin designated Sp alpha I/61. The proband's erythrocytes are unstable when exposed to 45 degrees C, and her membrane skeletons exhibit instability to shear stress. The content of spectrin in the proband's erythrocyte membranes is decreased to 75% of control values. The amount of spectrin dimers in crude 4 degrees C spectrin extracts is increased (58%) as compared with control values (6% +/- 4%). Limited tryptic digestion reveals a marked decrease in the normal 80,000-dalton alpha I domain, an increase in the 74,000-dalton fragment that is characteristic of Sp alpha I/74, and an increase in a series of new fragments of 61,000, 55,000, 21,000, and 16,000 daltons. Both parents are asymptomatic, but they have increased amounts of spectrin dimers (17% to 25%). Limited tryptic digestion of the father's spectrin demonstrates the presence of a previously identified abnormal spectrin (Sp alpha I/74) that is characterized by a decrease in content of the 80,000-dalton peptide and an increase in concentration of the 74,000-dalton peptide. The mother's spectrin digests show a decrease in the amount of 80,000-dalton peptide and the formation of new peptides of 61,000, 55,000, 21,000, and 16,000 daltons. The data indicate that this severe form of HPP is due to the inheritance of two distinct abnormal spectrins, Sp alpha I/74 and a new spectrin mutant, Sp alpha I/61.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Spectrin"

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McCubbin, T. Paul. "Novel #Beta#-spectrin isoforms." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.279964.

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North, Alison Jane. "Spectrin localisation in mammalian striated muscle." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.276872.

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Chen, Tony W. Nam Sang-Chul. "The role of spectrin in Drosophila photoreceptor development." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/5209.

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Hill, Stephanie. "Folding and association of spectrin tetramer domains : a study of intrinsically disordered proteins from a protein folding perspective." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648579.

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Taupin, Hazel Lindsay. "Tyrosine phosphorylation of spectrin and its relation to neurite growth." Thesis, University of Kent, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.497697.

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Bignone, Paola A. "Studies on the phosphorylation and tetramerisation of βII spectrin." Thesis, University of Kent, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252538.

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Godi, Anna. "Regulation and molecular composition of the Golgi-associated spectrin skeleton." Thesis, Open University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.393189.

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Fan, Jun. "The functional studies of a novel Golgi specific spectrin protein /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2003. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Gough, Lisa Lucio. "Dissecting the functions of the Golgi localized spectrin Syne-1 /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2004. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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O'Toole, Peter John. "Spectrin-lipid interactions : investigations by fluorescence spectroscopy and digital fluorescence microscopy." Thesis, University of Essex, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242333.

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Books on the topic "Spectrin"

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Hartwig, John H. Actin-binding proteins 1: spectrin superfamily. London: Academic Press, 1994.

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Hartwig, John H. Actin-binding proteins 1: Spectrin superfamily. London: Academic Press, 1994.

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Hartwig, John H. Actin-binding proteins 1: spectrin superfamily. London: Academic Press, 1995.

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Vann, Bennett, ed. Membrane skeletons and cytoskeletal-membrane associations: Proceedings of a UCLA Symposium held in Park City, Utah, March 9-15, 1985. New York: Liss, 1986.

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Tomasi, Richard A. A spectrum of spectral problems. Tulsa, Oklahoma: Sunbelt R & T, Inc. [distributor], 1994.

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Tomasi, Richard A. A spectrum of spectral problems. Tulsa, Oklahoma: Sunbelt R & T, Inc., 1994.

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International, Conference on Spectral Line Shapes (14th 1998 State College Pennsylvania). Spectral line shapes. Woodbury, New York: American Institute of Physics, 1999.

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O, Silʹd, and Khaller K. E, eds. Besfononnye linii v spektroskopii i fotokhimii. Tartu: Akademii͡a︡ nauk Ėstonskoĭ SSR, 1986.

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H, Tipping R., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. An improved quasistatic line-shape theory: The effect of molecular motion on the line wings. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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Colombo, Fabrizio, Jonathan Gantner, and David P. Kimsey. Spectral Theory on the S-Spectrum for Quaternionic Operators. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03074-2.

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Book chapters on the topic "Spectrin"

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Czogalla, Aleksander. "Spectrin." In Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules, 5106–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67199-4_101871.

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Czogalla, Aleksander. "Spectrin." In Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules, 1–7. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6438-9_101871-1.

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Ralston, Greg B. "Spectrin-Actin Interactions." In Blood Cell Biochemistry, 227–50. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9528-8_8.

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Branton, D. "Spectrin Interchain Binding in Drosophila Development." In The Cytoskeleton, 61–70. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79482-7_7.

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Lutz, Hans U., Dieter Maretzki, and Mariagabriella Mariani. "A cAmp-Dependent Phosphorylation Alters Spectrin Binding Properties." In Springer Series in Biophysics, 328–36. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73925-5_59.

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Elgsaeter, Arnljot, Arne Mikkelsen, and Bjørn T. Stokke. "Spectrin and the Mechanochemical Properties of the Erythrocyte Membrane." In The Cytoskeleton, 187–97. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2161-3_14.

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Sarkar, Sauvik, Dipayan Bose, Rajendra P. Giri, Mrinmay K. Mukhopadhyay, and Abhijit Chakrabarti. "Status of Membrane Asymmetry in Erythrocytes: Role of Spectrin." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 3–11. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3065-0_1.

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Delalande, Olivier, Aleksander Czogalla, Jean-François Hubert, Aleksander Sikorski, and Elisabeth Le Rumeur. "Dystrophin and Spectrin, Two Highly Dissimilar Sisters of the Same Family." In Subcellular Biochemistry, 373–403. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49674-0_12.

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Kramer, G., W. Kudlicki, S. Fullilove, and B. Hardesty. "Association of the Heme-Controlled eIF-2α Kinase with Spectrin-Derived Peptides." In Haematology and Blood Transfusion / Hämatologie und Bluttransfusion, 265–67. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72624-8_56.

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Bennett, V., J. Steiner, J. Davis, H. Kaiser, and E. Kordeli. "Strategies in Regulation of Protein Associations of the Spectrin-Based Membrane Skeleton." In Springer Series in Biophysics, 319–27. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73925-5_58.

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Conference papers on the topic "Spectrin"

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Mishra, Kamini, Abhijit Chakrabarty, and Puspendu K. Das. "Spectrin-hemoglobin interaction studied by second harmonic light scattering." In International Conference on Fibre Optics and Photonics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/photonics.2016.tu4a.73.

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Parry, David A. D., and Carolyn Cohen. "Structure of the spectrin superfamily: A three-α-helix motif." In The living cell in four dimensions. AIP, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.40604.

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Lykotrafitis, George, and He Li. "Two-Component Coarse-Grain Model for Erythrocyte Membrane." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-62133.

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Biological membranes are vital components of living cells as they function to maintain the structural integrity of the cells. Red blood cell (RBC) membrane comprises the lipid bilayer and the cytoskeleton network. The lipid bilayer consists of phospholipids, integral membrane proteins, peripheral proteins and cholesterol. It behaves as a 2D fluid. The cytoskeleton is a network of spectrin tetramers linked at the actin junctions. It is connected to the lipid bilayer primarily via Band-3 and ankyrin proteins. In this paper, we introduce a coarse-grained model with high computational efficiency for simulating a variety of dynamic and topological problems involving erythrocyte membranes. Coarse-grained agents are used to represent a cluster of lipid molecules and proteins with a diameter on the order of lipid bilayer thickness and carry both translational and rotational freedom. The membrane cytoskeleton is modeled as a canonical exagonal network of entropic springs that behave as Worm-Like-Chains (WLC). By simultaneously invoking these characteristics, the proposed model facilitates simulations that span large length-scales (∼ μm) and time-scales (∼ ms). The behavior of the model under shearing at different rates is studied. At low strain rates, the resulted shear stress is mainly due to the spectrin network and it shows the characteristic non-linear behavior of entropic networks, while the viscosity of the fluid-like lipid bilayer contributes to the resulting shear stress at higher strain rates. The apparent ease of this model in combining the spectrin network with the lipid bilayer presents a major advantage over conventional continuum methods such as finite element or finite difference methods for cell membranes.
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Zhang, Pan, Utz Herbig, and Muriel W. Lambert. "Abstract 2121: Nonerythroid alpha spectrin prevents telomere fragility after DNA interstrand crosslink damage." In Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-2121.

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Barry, Christina F., Songwei Wu, Donna L. Cioffi, and Troy Stevens. "Disruption Of The Constitutive Spectrin-actin Interaction Induces Inter-endothelial Cell Gap Formation." In American Thoracic Society 2010 International Conference, May 14-19, 2010 • New Orleans. American Thoracic Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2010.181.1_meetingabstracts.a3428.

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Armiger, T. J., and K. N. Dahl. "The role of αII-spectrin in mechanics and compressive resilience of the cell nucleus." In 2015 41st Annual Northeast Biomedical Engineering Conference (NEBEC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nebec.2015.7117147.

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Zhi, Xiuling, Ling Lin, Narayan Shivapurkar Shivapurkar, John L. Marshall, Lynt Johnson, and Aiwu R. He. "Abstract 5275: βII-spectrin(SPTBN1) suppresses tumor progression by inhibiting Wnt signaling via kallistatin in hepatocellular carcinoma." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-5275.

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Sulstarova, S., A. Foley, S. Mylvaganam, B. E. Steinberg, S. A. Freeman, and N. M. Goldenberg. "Breakdown of the Apical Spectrin Network Leads to Endothelial Dysfunction and Vascular Stiffening in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension." In American Thoracic Society 2023 International Conference, May 19-24, 2023 - Washington, DC. American Thoracic Society, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2023.207.1_meetingabstracts.a1019.

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Yang, Shaoxian, Majed El Zouhairi, Sang S. Kim, Lopa Mishra, and Michael J. Pishvaian. "Abstract 3884: Beta-2 spectrin opposes the CDK4-mediated suppression of TGF-beta signaling by rescuing Smad3 nuclear localization." In Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am10-3884.

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Lin, Ling, Hua Wang, Bin Gao, Xiuling Zhi, and Aiwu Ruth He. "Abstract 5184: Mechanistic analysis of liver inflammation and cancer formation in mice with heterozygous lose of β-spectrin (β2SP)." In Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-5184.

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Reports on the topic "Spectrin"

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Shen, B. W., F. J. Stevens, U. Luthi, and S. B. Goldin. Structural basis of spectrin elasticity. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10148966.

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De Camilli, Pietro. Beta IV Spectrin in Normal and Cancer Breast Cells. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada418127.

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Kotula, Leszek, Jiliu Xu, Jill A. Macoska, Piotr Kozlowski, and Magdalena Martinka. The Role of Human Spectrin SH3 Domain Binding Protein 1 (HSSH3BPl) in Prostatic Adenocarcinoma. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada430579.

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Kotula, Leszek, Jiliu XU, Jill A. Macoska, Piotr Kozlowski, and Magdalena Martinka. The Role of Human Spectrin SH3 Domain Binding Protein 1 (HSSH3BP1) in Prostatic Adenocarcinoma. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada411959.

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Kotula, Leszek, Jiliu Xu, Jill A. Macoska, Piotr Kozlowski, Magdalena Martinka, and Edward C. Jones. The Role of Human Spectrin SH3 Domain Binding Protein 1 (HSSH3BP1) in Prostatic Adenocarcinoma. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada419543.

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Simakov, S. Evaluation of the Prompt Gamma-ray Spectrum from Spontaneous Fission of 252Cf. IAEA Nuclear Data Section, February 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.61092/iaea.bz1p-e3yc.

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The energy spectra, multiplicities and average energies of the prompt, total and delayed γ-rays accompanying the spontaneous fission of 252Cf were collected from the literature and dedicated databases. They were carefully analysed for consistency with a view to producing reference data for usage in various applications. This could be accomplished for the prompt fission gamma ray spectrum up to 20 MeV since dozens of measurements exist and reasonably agree. The prompt fission gamma ray spectrum (PFGS) was non-model evaluated by fitting the preselected experimental data with the help of the generalized least-squares (GLS) code GMA. The resulting spectrum could be considered as a reference for the γ-ray energies from 0.1 to 20 MeV with uncertainties varying between ≈ 3 and 25%. This reference gamma spectrum will be a substantial contribution to the precise and complete characterisation of the 252Cf source since the prompt fission neutron spectrum (PFNS), which has been accepted as a standard for a long time, has comparable uncertainties. The average gamma multiplicity and energy were also surveyed and used to derive the recommended values. The prompt X- and γ-ray energy spectra below ≈ 100 keV and delayed photon spectra in the whole energy range, as well as their multiplicities, are still seldomly and incompletely measured, that excepts an evaluation based on experimental data. The comparison with existing theoretical prompt and delayed 252Cf(s.f.) γ-spectra or with those presented in the major evaluated cross section libraries explored their incompleteness or deviations from the evaluated PFGS. The existing measurements of the pionic and muonic radioactivity of 252Cf(s.f.) and 235U(nth,f) were reviewed and the potential impact of gammas from the π0 decay on the high energy part of the PFGS was investigated.
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Lee, Amy Sarah. Determination of the Spectral Index in the Fission Spectrum Energy Regime. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1253539.

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Alchanatis, Victor, Stephen W. Searcy, Moshe Meron, W. Lee, G. Y. Li, and A. Ben Porath. Prediction of Nitrogen Stress Using Reflectance Techniques. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7580664.bard.

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Commercial agriculture has come under increasing pressure to reduce nitrogen fertilizer inputs in order to minimize potential nonpoint source pollution of ground and surface waters. This has resulted in increased interest in site specific fertilizer management. One way to solve pollution problems would be to determine crop nutrient needs in real time, using remote detection, and regulating fertilizer dispensed by an applicator. By detecting actual plant needs, only the additional nitrogen necessary to optimize production would be supplied. This research aimed to develop techniques for real time assessment of nitrogen status of corn using a mobile sensor with the potential to regulate nitrogen application based on data from that sensor. Specifically, the research first attempted to determine the system parameters necessary to optimize reflectance spectra of corn plants as a function of growth stage, chlorophyll and nitrogen status. In addition to that, an adaptable, multispectral sensor and the signal processing algorithm to provide real time, in-field assessment of corn nitrogen status was developed. Spectral characteristics of corn leaves reflectance were investigated in order to estimate the nitrogen status of the plants, using a commercial laboratory spectrometer. Statistical models relating leaf N and reflectance spectra were developed for both greenhouse and field plots. A basis was established for assessing nitrogen status using spectral reflectance from plant canopies. The combined effect of variety and N treatment was studied by measuring the reflectance of three varieties of different leaf characteristic color and five different N treatments. The variety effect on the reflectance at 552 nm was not significant (a = 0.01), while canonical discriminant analysis showed promising results for distinguishing different variety and N treatment, using spectral reflectance. Ambient illumination was found inappropriate for reliable, one-beam spectral reflectance measurement of the plants canopy due to the strong spectral lines of sunlight. Therefore, artificial light was consequently used. For in-field N status measurement, a dark chamber was constructed, to include the sensor, along with artificial illumination. Two different approaches were tested (i) use of spatially scattered artificial light, and (ii) use of collimated artificial light beam. It was found that the collimated beam along with a proper design of the sensor-beam geometry yielded the best results in terms of reducing the noise due to variable background, and maintaining the same distance from the sensor to the sample point of the canopy. A multispectral sensor assembly, based on a linear variable filter was designed, constructed and tested. The sensor assembly combined two sensors to cover the range of 400 to 1100 nm, a mounting frame, and a field data acquisition system. Using the mobile dark chamber and the developed sensor, as well as an off-the-shelf sensor, in- field nitrogen status of the plants canopy was measured. Statistical analysis of the acquired in-field data showed that the nitrogen status of the com leaves can be predicted with a SEP (Standard Error of Prediction) of 0.27%. The stage of maturity of the crop affected the relationship between the reflectance spectrum and the nitrogen status of the leaves. Specifically, the best prediction results were obtained when a separate model was used for each maturity stage. In-field assessment of the nitrogen status of corn leaves was successfully carried out by non contact measurement of the reflectance spectrum. This technology is now mature to be incorporated in field implements for on-line control of fertilizer application.
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Corriveau, Elizabeth, Travis Thornell, Mine Ucak-Astarlioglu, Dane Wedgeworth, Hayden Hanna, Robert Jones, Alison Thurston, and Robyn Barbato. Characterization of pigmented microbial isolates for use in material applications. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/46633.

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Organisms (i.e., plants and microorganisms) contain pigments that allow them to adapt and thrive under stressful conditions, such as elevated ultraviolet radiation. The pigments elicit characteristic spectral responses when measured by active and passive sensors. This research study focused on characterizing the spectral response of three organisms and how they compared to background spectral signatures of a complex environment. Specifically, spectra were collected from a fungus, a plant, and two pigmented bacteria, one of which is an extremophile bacterium. The samples were measured using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and dis-criminated using chemometric means. A top-down examination of the spectral data revealed that organisms could be discriminated from one an-other through principal component analysis (PCA). Furthermore, there was a strong distinction between the plant and the pigmented microorganisms. Spectral differences resulting in samples with the highest variance from the natural background were identified using PCA loading plots. The outcome of this work is a spectral library of pigmented biological candidates for coatings applications.
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Wilson, R. D. Spectrum shape-analysis techniques applied to the Hanford Tank Farms spectral gamma logs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/501524.

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