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Academic literature on the topic 'Spectral Patterns'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Spectral Patterns"

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Conrads, T. P., V. A. Fusaro, S. Ross, D. Johann, V. Rajapakse, B. A. Hitt, S. M. Steinberg, et al. "High-resolution serum proteomic features for ovarian cancer detection." Endocrine-related cancer 11, no. 2 (June 2004): 163–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/erc.0.0110163.

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Serum proteomic pattern diagnostics is an emerging paradigm employing low-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) to generate a set of biomarker classifiers. In the present study, we utilized a well-controlled ovarian cancer serum study set to compare the sensitivity and specificity of serum proteomic diagnostic patterns acquired using a high-resolution versus a low-resolution MS platform. In blinded testing sets, the high-resolution mass spectral data contained multiple diagnostic signatures that were superior to the low-resolution spectra in terms of sensitivity and specificity (P<0.00001) throughout the range of modeling conditions. Four mass spectral feature set patterns acquired from data obtained exclusively with the high-resolution mass spectrometer were 100% specific and sensitive in their diagnosis of serum samples as being acquired from either unaffected patients or those suffering from ovarian cancer. Important to the future of proteomic pattern diagnostics is the ability to recognize inferior spectra statistically, so that those resulting from a specific process error are recognized prior to their potentially incorrect (and damaging) diagnosis. To meet this need, we have developed a series of quality-assurance and in-process control procedures to (a) globally evaluate sources of sample variability, (b) identify outlying mass spectra, and (c) develop quality-control release specifications. From these quality-assurance and control (QA/QC) specifications, we identified 32 mass spectra out of the total 248 that showed statistically significant differences from the norm. Hence, 216 of the initial 248 high-resolution mass spectra were determined to be of high quality and were remodeled by pattern-recognition analysis. Again, we obtained four mass spectral feature set patterns that also exhibited 100% sensitivity and specificity in blinded validation tests (68/68 cancer: including 18/18 stage I, and 43/43 healthy). We conclude that (a) the use of high-resolution MS yields superior classification patterns as compared with those obtained with lower resolution instrumentation; (b) although the process error that we discovered did not have a deleterious impact on the present results obtained from proteomic pattern analysis, the major source of spectral variability emanated from mass spectral acquisition, and not bias at the clinical collection site; (c) this variability can be reduced and monitored through the use of QA/QC statistical procedures; (d) multiple and distinct proteomic patterns, comprising low molecular weight biomarkers, detected by high-resolution MS achieve accuracies surpassing individual biomarkers, warranting validation in a large clinical study.
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Cavers, Michael, Jonathan Fischer, and Kevin N. Vander Meulen. "Spectral Properties of Sign Patterns." Electronic Journal of Linear Algebra 36, no. 36 (April 5, 2020): 183–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/ela.2020.5057.

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In this paper, an infinite family of irreducible sign patterns that are spectrally arbitrary, for which the nilpotent-Jacobian method does not apply, is given. It is demonstrated that it is possible for an irreducible sign pattern to be refined inertially arbitrary and not spectrally arbitrary. It is observed that not every nonzero spectrally arbitrary pattern has a signing which is spectrally arbitrary. It is also shown that every superpattern of the reducible pattern $\T_2 \oplus \T_2$ is spectrally arbitrary.
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Espejo, Antonio, Paula Camus, Iñigo J. Losada, and Fernando J. Méndez. "Spectral Ocean Wave Climate Variability Based on Atmospheric Circulation Patterns." Journal of Physical Oceanography 44, no. 8 (August 1, 2014): 2139–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-13-0276.1.

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Abstract Traditional approaches for assessing wave climate variability have been broadly focused on aggregated or statistical parameters such as significant wave height, wave energy flux, or mean wave direction. These studies, although revealing the major general modes of wave climate variability and trends, do not take into consideration the complexity of the wind-wave fields. Because ocean waves are the response to both local and remote winds, analyzing the directional full spectra can shed light on atmospheric circulation not only over the immediate ocean region, but also over a broad basin scale. In this work, the authors use a pattern classification approach to explore wave climate variability in the frequency–direction domain. This approach identifies atmospheric circulation patterns of the sea level pressure from the 31-yr long Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) and wave spectral patterns of two selected buoys in the North Atlantic, finding one-to-one relations between each synoptic pattern (circulation type) and each spectral wave energy distribution (spectral type). Even in the absence of long-wave records, this method allows for the reconstruction of long-term wave spectra to cover variability at several temporal scales: daily, monthly, seasonal, interannual, decadal, long-term trends, and future climate change projections.
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Devaux, M. F., D. Bertrand, P. Robert, and M. Qannari. "Application of Principal Component Analysis on NIR Spectral Collection after Elimination of Interference by a Least-Squares Procedure." Applied Spectroscopy 42, no. 6 (August 1988): 1020–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702884430443.

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In NIR spectroscopy, multidimensional analyses such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) may be applied to examine the similarity between spectra of natural products. However, such an approach is often limited by the effect of spectral interference due to water or particle size distribution of the samples. In the present work, the advantage of the elimination of such spectral interference before performing PCA was investigated. Unwanted component spectra were eliminated by a least-squares procedure. They were first orthogonalized and normalized by the Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization method. The subtraction coefficients were then assessed, similarly to principal component (PC) scores, by projection of the NIR spectra on the orthogonalized component spectra, and PCA was performed on the corrected spectra. This method was applied on an illustrative collection of wheat semolina conditioned in three levels of water content. Water was the component to be eliminated and had been previously modeled by two spectral patterns. These spectral patterns were used as the unwanted component spectra. PCA was applied independently before and after spectral correction of the collection of spectra and graphs obtained by the two procedures were compared. The squared correlation coefficient of the 3 first PC scores with water content was 0.979 before correction, with the 3 groups of water content appearing clearly on PCA graphs. After correction, the corresponding squared correlation coefficient for the 7 first PC scores was 0.016. PCA graphs obtained with corrected spectra also showed that the water effect was completely eliminated. At this moment, samples were separated according to their technological nature. The procedure developed may be useful in pattern recognition study and for automatic clustering of NIR spectra. It may also be applied in fields other than NIR spectroscopy.
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Rose, John P., and Michael E. Kellman. "Spectral Patterns of Chaotic Acetylene†." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 104, no. 45 (November 2000): 10471–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp001424i.

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Stéphan, G. M. "Spectral properties in laser patterns." Quantum and Semiclassical Optics: Journal of the European Optical Society Part B 10, no. 6 (December 1998): 849–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1355-5111/10/6/016.

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Yang, Shuangbo, Vivian Tyng, and Michael E. Kellman. "Spectral Patterns of Isomerizing Systems‡." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 107, no. 40 (October 2003): 8345–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp027763o.

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Barker, James, Michael Jones, and Melvyn Kilner. "Amidine mass spectral fragmentation patterns." Organic Mass Spectrometry 20, no. 10 (October 1985): 619–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210201006.

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ARAÚJO, Edmary Silveira Barreto, João Domingos SCALON, and Lurimar Smera BATISTA. "EXPLORATORY SPECTRAL ANALYSIS IN THREE-DIMENSIONAL SPATIAL POINT PATTERNS." REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE BIOMETRIA 39, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 177–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.28951/rbb.v39i1.524.

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A spatial point pattern is a collection of points irregularly located within a bounded area (2D) or space (3D) that have been generated by some form of stochastic mechanism. Examples of point patterns include locations of trees in a forest, of cases of a disease in a region, or of particles in a microscopic section of a composite material. Spatial Point pattern analysis is used mostly to determine the absence (completely spatial randomness) or presence (regularity and clustering) of spatial dependence structure of the locations. Methods based on the space domain are widely used for this purpose, while methods conducted in the frequency domain (spectral analysis) are still unknown to most researchers. Spectral analysis is a powerful tool to investigate spatial point patterns, since it does not assume any structural characteristics of the data (ex. isotropy), and uses only the autocovariance function, and its Fourier transform. There are some methods based on the spectral frameworks for analyzing 2D spatial point patterns. There is no such methods available for the 3D situation and, therefore, the aim of this work is to develop new methods based on spectral framework for the analysis of three-dimensional point patterns. The emphasis is on relating periodogram structure to the type of stochastic process which could have generated a 3D observed pattern. The results show that the methods based on spectral analysis developed in this work are able to identify patterns of three typical three-dimensional point processes, and can be used, concurrently, with analyzes in the space domain for a better characterization of spatial point patterns.
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Taşcıoğlu, Didem, Arda Atçı, Seçil Sevim Ünlütürk, and Serdar Özçelik. "Physically unclonable security patterns created by electrospinning, and authenticated by two-step validation method." Nanotechnology 33, no. 9 (December 9, 2021): 095302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ac3b0d.

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Abstract Counterfeiting is a growing economic and social problem. For anticounterfeiting, random and inimitable droplet/fiber patterns were created by the electrospinning method as security tags that are detectable under UV light but invisible in daylight. To check the authenticity of the original security patterns created; images were collected with a simple smartphone microscope and a database of the recorded original patterns was created. The originality of the random patterns was checked by comparing them with the patterns recorded in the database. In addition, the spectral signature of the patterns in the droplet/fiber network was obtained with a simple and hand-held spectrometer. Thus, by reading the spectral signature from the pattern, the spectral information of the photoluminescent nanoparticles was verified and thus a second-step verification was established. In this way, anticounterfeiting technology that combines ink formula, unclonable security pattern creation and two-level verification is developed.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Spectral Patterns"

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Römer, Christoph [Verfasser]. "Identification of Relevant Patterns in Spectral Signatures / Christoph Römer." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1095099116/34.

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Bennett, Leslie L. "Associations between linguapalatal contact patterns and spectral moments for /s/ /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2009. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2793.pdf.

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Bennett, Leslie Leatham. "Associations Between Linguapalatal Contact Patterns and Spectral Moments for /s/." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2009. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1668.

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Both acoustic and palatographic measures have proven to be useful in speech science research. However, it is not known how closely or consistently these two measures are associated with each other. Therefore, this study investigated the association between changes in tongue-to-palate contact patterns and simultaneous changes in acoustic spectral moments for the fricative /s/. Twenty adults were fitted with pseudopalates and repeated VCV nonsense syllables consisting of an initial schwa followed by the target consonant /s/ and ending with one of three corner vowels (/i, ɑ, u/). EPG (electropalatography) data were quantified using three custom numerical indices (s-narrow, s-wide, and asymmetry) derived from specified zones on the pseudopalate which loosely reflected dimensional differences in the fricative groove. These indices produced general details about changes in tongue contact over time, but index values were not unique to specific contact patterns. The EPG numerical index values were then compared with differences in spectral moments (spectral mean and variance) from the time-aligned acoustic signal. On the whole, all combinations of spectral mean and variance and EPG indices resulted in some weak but significant correlations across all vowel contexts and participant groupings. The majority of these correlations were negative, meaning that as EPG index values increased, spectral mean and variance decreased. Some of the strongest of these correlations were present between s-narrow and spectral mean and variance. Therefore, in order to give a clearer picture of the link between lingual physiology and spectral moments, these variables were correlated for each individual speaker. Stronger significant correlations between s-narrow and both spectral mean and variance were identified in some participants. The majority of these correlations were also negative, suggesting that as the s-narrow index increased, the spectral mean and the variance decreased. A few participants' results that showed interesting lingua-palatal contact patterns are discussed in more detail. Generalization based on specific correlations from this study must be undertaken with considerable caution due to desynchronization of EPG data and the acoustic signal found in several tokens.
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Nimmer, Max [Verfasser]. "Spectral Imaging Based on 2D Diffraction Patterns and Robust Principal Component Analysis / Max Nimmer." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2019. http://d-nb.info/119641436X/34.

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Traub, Janet. "Patterns in the Variation of CDOM Spectral Slopes in the Western Lake Erie Basin." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1352917941.

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Marshall, Benjamin James. "The Correlation between Spectral Moment Measures and Electropalatographic Contact Patterns for /s/ and /ʃ/." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3231.

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Spectral Moment Analysis has helped further our understanding of the spectral properties of obstruent speech production; however, the physiologic correlates of these spectral measures are not well understood. The aim of the present study was to examine the possible correlations between the linguapalatal contact patterns used to produce the fricatives /s/ and /ʃ/ and the resulting spectral characteristics. Using spectral moment analysis and electropalatography (EPG), the real-word productions of eight speakers of American English were investigated. The spectral measures for the fricative tokens in the present study were found to be similar to data reported in previous research with adult speakers. Although the majority of the correlations examined in this study were found to be statistically significant, none of the correlations accounted for a large proportion of the variance in the data. Generally the strongest correlations were found between the spectral mean and the symmetry of the contact pattern in the anterior region of the hard palate and the width of the contact pattern in the medial region of the palate. These findings may indicate that although the width and symmetry of linguapalatal contact contributes to the spectral signature /s/ and /ʃ/ fricatives, they are likely only part of a much more complex process that may involve other mechanisms such as lip rounding, tongue groove depth and shape, aerodynamic factors, and the shape of the vocal tract in other regions.
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Barrett, Janelle. "The Correlation Between Spectral Moment Measures and Electropalatometric Contact Patterns for /t/ and /k/." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3304.

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Spectral moment analysis has helped further our understanding of the spectral properties of obstruent speech production; however, the physiologic correlates of these spectral measures are not well understood. The aim of the present study was to examine the possible correlations between the linguapalatal contact patterns used to produce the stops /t/ and /k/ and the resulting spectral characteristics. Using spectral moment analysis and electropalatography, the real-word productions of eight speakers of American English were investigated. The spectral measures for the stop consonant tokens in the present study were found to be similar to data reported in previous research with adult speakers. The majority of the correlations examined in this study were found to be statistically insignificant, although significant correlations were found between the anterior vertical and posterior vertical indices with spectral variance and spectral skewness, respectively. Despite the significance of these correlations, this did not account for a large proportion of variance in the data. Further analysis using curve estimates revealed significant curvilinear relationships among the data. These findings may indicate that although the anterior-posterior tongue placement and symmetry of linguapalatal contact contribute to the spectral signature of /t/ and /k/ stop consonants, this articulatory movement is only part of a more complex process that may involve aerodynamic factors and the overall shape of the vocal tract.
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Zuurmond, Gideon Joubert. "Accurate camera position determination by means of moiré pattern analysis." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96862.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.
English abstract: We introduce a method for determining the position of a camera with accuracy beyond that which is obtainable through conventional methods, using a single image of a specially constructed calibration object. This is achieved by analysing the moiré pattern that emerges when two high spatial frequency patterns are superimposed, such that one pattern on a plane is observed through another pattern on a second, semi-transparent parallel plane, with the geometry of both the patterns and the planes known. Such an object can be created by suspending printed glass over printed paper or by suspending printed glass over a high resolution video display such as an OLED display or LCD. We show how the camera’s coordinate along the axis perpendicular to the planes can be estimated directly from frequency analysis of the moiré pattern relative to a set of guide points in one of the planes. This method does not require any prior camera knowledge. We further show how the choice of the patterns allows, within limits, arbitrary accuracy of this coordinate estimate at the cost of a stricter limit on the span along that coordinate for which the technique is usable. This improved accuracy is illustrated in simulation. With a sufficiently accurate estimate of the camera’s full set of 3D coordinates, obtained by conventional methods, we show how phase analysis of the moiré pattern in relation to the guides allows calculation of a new estimate of position in the two axes parallel to the planes. This new estimate is shown in simulation to offer significant improvement in accuracy.
Afrikaanse opsoming: Ons stel ’n metode bekend om die posisie van ’n kamera te bepaal met akkuuraatheid bo dit wat verkrygbaar is uit konvensionele metodes, deur gebruik te maak van ’n spesiaal gekonstrueerde kalibrasievoorwerp. Die metode berus op analise van moiré patrone wat onstaan waneer twee hoë ruimtelike frekwensie patrone oor mekaar neergelê word deurdat een patroon op ’n plat vlak waargeneem word deur ’n tweede patroon op ’n parallelle, gedeeltelik deursigtige vlak, met die geometrie van beide patrone en vlakke bekend. So ’n voorwerp kan geskep word deur ’n spesiaal gedrukte glas vlak te monteer oor gedrukte papier of oor ’n hoë resolusie skerm, soos ’n OLED skermof LCD. Onswys hoe die kamera se koördinaat langs die as loodreg op die vlakke direk uit frekwensie analise van die moiré patroon relatief tot ’n stel gidspunte in een van die vlakke bepaal kan word. Hierdie metode vereis geen vooraf kennis oor die kamera nie. Ons wys verder hoe die keuse van patrone, binne perke, arbitrêre akkuuraatheid in die bepaling van hierdie koördinaat kan verkry ten koste van ’n nouer bruikbare verstek in hierdie koördinaat. Die verbeterde akkuuraatheid is geïllustreer in simulasie. Indien ’n benadering van die kamera se volle stel 3D koördinate met voldoende akkuuraatheid ook beskikbaar is, wys ons ook hoe fase analise van die moiré patroon relatief tot die gidspunte ons in staat stel om’n nuwe benadering te kanmaak vir die koördinate in die twee asse parallel aan die vlakke. Daar word in simulasie getoon hoe hierdie nuwe benadering beduidend beter akkuuraatheid kan bied in vergelyking met konvensionele metodes van benadering.
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Carrasco, Hernandez Roberto. "Calculation of patterns of solar radiation within urban geometries." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/calculation-of-patterns-of-solar-radiation-within-urban-geometries(5ac30e2c-0713-4217-8680-a2035d982710).html.

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The present work proposes methods to calculate street-level exposures to solar radiation. The methods comprise a combination of different software algorithms, online databases and real-time standard measurements of solar radiation. Firstly, the use of the free access image database “Google Street View” to reconstruct urban geometries is illustrated. Google Street View represents an enormous source of information readily available for its general use in the field of urban atmospheric studies. With the aid of existing software packages, it was possible to reconstruct urban geometries as projected fisheye images of the canyon upper-hemispheric view, and to model total-shortwave solar irradiance within an urban canyon. The models allowed the calculation of relative street-canyon irradiance as a fraction of that received under a full-sky view, depending on the visibility of the solar disc and the reduced sky view factor. The combined use of the ideal models with real-time data allows for the calculation of street-canyon irradiance under any cloud conditions. Validation of these techniques was obtained by comparing the calculations against in situ measurements of irradiance from a local street canyon. The existing software, however, does not allow the calculation of spectral irradiance, required for inferring, for example, the biological effects of solar radiation. The use of spectral radiative transfer software was explored to provide spectral irradiance, but commonly available models do not include the effects of horizon obstructions. The approach presented here followed the same general guidelines used to calculate total-shortwave irradiance. The spectral models required a spectral partitioning of global irradiance into direct and diffuse components, allowing the independent analysis of horizon obstruction effects on these components at each wavelength. To partition global irradiance, two equations were developed for the calculation of the diffuse-to-global irradiance ratio (DGR) under cloudless conditions: one based on simplified radiative transfer theory, and an empirical fit for local conditions. Afterwards, the effects of horizon obstructions were evaluated in combination with real-time measurements of unobstructed global spectral irradiance. A set of simulated obstructions were used to validate the models. Finally, it was observed that neglecting the anisotropic distribution of the diffuse component of solar radiation in these simple models could produce large uncertainties in some situations. A practical solution for including the anisotropy of diffuse radiation was proposed, requiring images from an unobstructed digital sky camera. The combination of tools described here will allow calculation of total and spectral global irradiance upon a flat horizontal surface whatever the local field of view. This is possible at any geographical location were the urban geometries can be described, either by manually obtaining digital photographs, or through the Google Street View database, and where there is a reasonably local standard measurement of radiation.
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Zheng, Feng. "Using spectral reflection and multi-dye layer pixel values to quantify soil patterns for assessing field fertility conditions." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26212.

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The variability of soil chemical properties exerts a great influence on the practice of fertilization and other soil management. Quantitative reliable measurements of the soil variability are vital to the accuracy of fertilizer recommendations and the effective uses of fertilizer. The aim of the thesis is to determine whether soil classifications and variability assessments can be facilitated by the use of quantitative remote sensing techniques. An agricultural field with very contrasting soils was selected for this study and field variability in total and organic C, exchangeable cations, CEC, major fertility elements N, P, and K, soil water content and coarse fragments was examined using three different sampling techniques and laboratory analysis. The remote sensing techniques evaluated in this study were: 1) laboratory spectral reflection measurements of soil samples in the green, red and two near IR bands using a multi-channel radiometer, and 2) multi-dye layer pixel value analysis of digitized color aerial photos taken at the time of sampling. Conventional, selective and stratified random sampling techniques were used to quantify the soils in the field and although the variability in K, Ca, and P was high no significant differences were obtained in the mean values among the three techniques. Three distinct soil types were identified in the field, which included type I - very dark soils, type II - gravelly, very light colored soils, and type III - average brown or dominant soils. All three categories could be separated by Munsell value and chroma data. Significant differences in C, N, K, CEC, moisture content and coarse fragment content were obtained among the three soil types. Once the chemical data were translated into fertilizer requirements it became evident that soil type II (gravelly light colored soils) needed a higher K fertilizer rate than either type I or type III, thus suggesting that a differential fertilizer rate application within the field should be beneficial to crop performance. Correlation and regression studies of soil parameters with spectral reflection and dye-layer pixel values revealed the nature of the relationships between soil spectral properties and physical and chemical conditions. Significant correlations were found between reflectance values and most of the chemical parameters, and between pixel values, soil chemistry and moisture content. In both cases, % organic C showed the highest correlation. The results from stepwise regression and discriminant analysis revealed that organic C, water content and color value were the most-dominant soil parameters to influence spectral or pixel value variations. The relationship between water content and pixel value was significant suggesting that the variation in water content mignt be quantified by an analysis of dye-layer pixel values. Soil organic matter and soil color proved to be best predicted by laboratory reflectance measurements. Multi-variate cluster and discriminant analysis revealed that the soil types could be quantified with both spectral and multi-dye layer pixel value analysis and that the remote sensing data were best related to organic matter, soil color and soil moisture content in the field. The pattern of soil types in the field was determined visually by planimetry and by quantitative dye-layer pixel value analysis. The two results were found to be in close agreement and provided quantitative values for the spatial extent of the three soil types. These values were used to determine the total amount of fertilizers required for the field and the quantified spatial pattern is an excellent medium to facilitate soil sampling for fertilizer assessment for future cultivation.
Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate
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Books on the topic "Spectral Patterns"

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Weisheimer, Antje. Niederfrequente Variabilität grossräumiger atmosphärischer Zirkulationsstrukturen in spektralen Modellen niederer Ordnung =: Ultra-low-frequency variability of large scale atmospheric circulation patterns in spectral low-order models. Bremerhaven: Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 2000.

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Isoscapes: Understanding movement, pattern, and process on earth through isotope mapping. Dordrecht: Springer, 2010.

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1930-, Mayer James W., ed. Patterns of light: Chasing the spectrum from Aristotle to LEDs. New York: Springer, 2008.

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Rao, K. Sreenivasa. Robust Emotion Recognition using Spectral and Prosodic Features. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013.

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Sanders, Frank H. Phased array antenna pattern variation with frequency and implications for radar spectrum measurements. Washington, D.C: U. S. Dept., of Commerce, National Telecommunications and Information Administration, 2005.

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Robles-Kelly, Antonio. Imaging Spectroscopy for Scene Analysis. London: Springer London, 2013.

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Cascini, Gaetano, ed. TRIZ Future Conference 2004. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/88-8453-220-5.

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TRIZ the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving is a living science and a practical methodology: millions of patents have been examined to look for principles of innovation and patterns of excellence. Large and small companies are using TRIZ to solve problems and to develop strategies for future technologies. The TRIZ Future Conference is the annual meeting of the European TRIZ Association, with contributions from everywhere in the world. The aims of the 2004 edition are the integration of TRIZ with other methodologies and the dissemination of systematic innovation practices even through SMEs: a broad spectrum of subjects in several fields debated with experts, practitioners and TRIZ newcomers.
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Bansal, Narottam P. Solid state synthesis and properties of monoclinic celsian. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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Kawahara, Shigeto, and Melanie Pangilinan. Spectral continuity, amplitude changes, and perception of length contrasts. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198754930.003.0002.

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Japanese displays a singleton/geminate contrast in obstruents and nasals, but not in glides. Patterns of emphatic gemination show that Japanese avoids creating new nasal geminates. This chapter tests hypotheses about why Japanese shows these preferences. Concerning the distinction between obstruent geminates and sonorant geminates, dispreference of sonorant geminates may exist because these geminates are easily confused with corresponding singletons. This confusability problem arises because sonorants are spectrally continuous with flanking vowels, and consequently perception of their constriction durations is difficult. Two non-speech perception experiments show that length distinctions of consonant intervals that are spectrally continuous with surrounding segments are difficult to perceive. Concerning the difference between nasal geminates and glide geminates, two further non-speech experiments show that amplitude changes facilitate discrimination and categorization of short/long contrasts. Overall, the results of the four perception experiments reported here accord well with the cross-linguistic phonological patterning of geminates.
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J, Tucker Compton, Dye Dennis G, and Goddard Space Flight Center, eds. North American vegetation patterns observed with the NOAA-7 Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer. [Greenbelt, Md: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Spectral Patterns"

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Assmann, Peter F., Terrance M. Nearey, and Sneha V. Bharadwaj. "Developmental Patterns in Children’s Speech: Patterns of Spectral Change in Vowels." In Vowel Inherent Spectral Change, 199–230. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14209-3_9.

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Takase, Bunshiro, Keiichi Kodaira, and Sadanori Okamura. "Spectral Analysis of Spiral Patterns." In An Atlas of Selected Galaxies, 14. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315137216-7.

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Takase, Bunshiro, Keiichi Kodaira, and Sadanori Okamura. "Spectral Analysis of Spiral Patterns." In An Atlas of Selected Galaxies, 54–60. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315137216-16.

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Luo, B., R. C. Wilson, and E. R. Hancock. "Spectral Clustering of Graphs." In Computer Analysis of Images and Patterns, 540–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45179-2_66.

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Qiu, Huaijun, and Edwin R. Hancock. "Commute Times for Graph Spectral Clustering." In Computer Analysis of Images and Patterns, 128–36. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11556121_17.

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Wieczorkowska, Alicja, Elżbieta Kubera, Tomasz Słowik, and Krzysztof Skrzypiec. "Spectral Features for Audio Based Vehicle Identification." In New Frontiers in Mining Complex Patterns, 163–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39315-5_11.

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Jacewicz, Ewa, and Robert Allen Fox. "Cross-Dialectal Differences in Dynamic Formant Patterns in American English Vowels." In Vowel Inherent Spectral Change, 177–98. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14209-3_8.

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Wu, Zhengzhe, Ville Heikkinen, Markku Hauta-Kasari, and Jussi Parkkinen. "Segmentation of Skin Spectral Images Using Simulated Illuminations." In Computer Analysis of Images and Patterns, 274–81. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40246-3_34.

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Robles-Kelly, Antonio. "Segmentation via Graph-Spectral Methods and Riemannian Geometry." In Computer Analysis of Images and Patterns, 661–68. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11556121_81.

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Estrada, Ernesto. "Structural Patterns in Complex Networks through Spectral Analysis." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 45–59. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14980-1_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Spectral Patterns"

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Salazar, Edgar, and Gonzalo R. Arce. "Optimal Coding Patterns in Spatial Spectral Compressive Spectral Imagers." In Computational Optical Sensing and Imaging. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cosi.2019.jw4b.3.

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Ibrahim, R. K., E. Ambikairajah, B. Celler, N. H. Lovell, and L. Kilmartin. "Gait patterns classification using spectral features." In IET Irish Signals and Systems Conference (ISSC 2008). IEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:20080645.

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Li, Hui, Maryellen L. Giger, and Olufunmilayo I. Olopade. "Power spectral analysis of mammographic parenchymal patterns." In Medical Imaging, edited by Joseph M. Reinhardt and Josien P. W. Pluim. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.654188.

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Sidorov, Denis N., and Anil C. Kokaram. "Suppression of moire patterns via spectral analysis." In Electronic Imaging 2002, edited by C. C. Jay Kuo. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.453134.

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Gigilashvili, Davit, Jon Yngve Hardeberg, and Jean-Baptiste Thomas. "Comparison of Mosaic Patterns for Spectral Filter Arrays." In 2018 Colour and Visual Computing Symposium (CVCS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cvcs.2018.8496717.

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Dong, Xiaowen, Antonio Ortega, Pascal Frossard, and Pierre Vandergheynst. "Inference of mobility patterns via Spectral Graph Wavelets." In ICASSP 2013 - 2013 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2013.6638232.

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Ferreira Da Costa, Maxime, and Wei Dai. "Sampling patterns for off-the-grid spectral estimation." In 2017 51st Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers. IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acssc.2017.8335192.

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Chih-Hsuan Wang. "Recognition of semiconductor defect patterns using spectral clustering." In 2007 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieem.2007.4419257.

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Patino, Alejandro, Andrew H. Fagg, Thubi Kolobe, David P. Miller, and Lei Ding. "Dynamic spatio-spectral patterns of rhythmic EEG in infants." In 2017 8th International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering (NER). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ner.2017.8008428.

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Wang, Lizhi, Dahua Gao, Guangming Shi, and Yi Niu. "Double-channel compressive spectral imaging via complementary code patterns." In 2013 IEEE International Conference on Signal Processing, Communications and Computing. IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icspcc.2013.6664074.

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Reports on the topic "Spectral Patterns"

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Hall, Joseph W. Auditory Spectro-Temporal Pattern Analysis. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada253037.

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Hall, Joseph W., Grose III, Hatch John, Wilson Deborah, Dev Adam, and Madhu. Auditory Spectro-Temporal Pattern Analysis. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada309836.

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Hall, Joseph W. Auditory Spectro-Temporal Pattern Analysis. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada264691.

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Hall, Joseph W. Auditory Spectro-Temporal Pattern Analysis. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada273554.

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Hall, Joseph W. Auditory Spectro-Temporal Pattern Analysis. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada218416.

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Mayfield, Howard T., Delyle Eastwood, and Larry W. Burggraf. Infrared Spectral Classification with Artificial Neural Networks and Classical Pattern Recognition. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada377976.

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Mayfield, Howard T., DeLyle Eastwood, and Larry A. Burggraf. Classification of Organophosphorus Compound Infrared Spectra by Pattern Recognition Techniques. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada410700.

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Zhang, Hui. A systematic review of factors influencing immigrant parents' service choices for children with ASD. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.10.0019.

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Review question / Objective: What main concerns/factors influenced immigrant parents when deciding on an intervention, service, or agency? Condition being studied: The systematic review aims at understanding immigrant parents' service choices for their children with the diagnosis of ASD(autism spectrum disorder), which is a complex neurobehavioral disorder characterized by impairment in reciprocal social interaction, impairment in communication, and the presence of repetitive and stereotypic patterns of behaviors, interests, and activities developmental disability.
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Anderson, Gerald L., and Kalman Peleg. Precision Cropping by Remotely Sensed Prorotype Plots and Calibration in the Complex Domain. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7585193.bard.

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This research report describes a methodology whereby multi-spectral and hyperspectral imagery from remote sensing, is used for deriving predicted field maps of selected plant growth attributes which are required for precision cropping. A major task in precision cropping is to establish areas of the field that differ from the rest of the field and share a common characteristic. Yield distribution f maps can be prepared by yield monitors, which are available for some harvester types. Other field attributes of interest in precision cropping, e.g. soil properties, leaf Nitrate, biomass etc. are obtained by manual sampling of the filed in a grid pattern. Maps of various field attributes are then prepared from these samples by the "Inverse Distance" interpolation method or by Kriging. An improved interpolation method was developed which is based on minimizing the overall curvature of the resulting map. Such maps are the ground truth reference, used for training the algorithm that generates the predicted field maps from remote sensing imagery. Both the reference and the predicted maps are stratified into "Prototype Plots", e.g. 15xl5 blocks of 2m pixels whereby the block size is 30x30m. This averaging reduces the datasets to manageable size and significantly improves the typically poor repeatability of remote sensing imaging systems. In the first two years of the project we used the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), for generating predicted yield maps of sugar beets and com. The NDVI was computed from image cubes of three spectral bands, generated by an optically filtered three camera video imaging system. A two dimensional FFT based regression model Y=f(X), was used wherein Y was the reference map and X=NDVI was the predictor. The FFT regression method applies the "Wavelet Based", "Pixel Block" and "Image Rotation" transforms to the reference and remote images, prior to the Fast - Fourier Transform (FFT) Regression method with the "Phase Lock" option. A complex domain based map Yfft is derived by least squares minimization between the amplitude matrices of X and Y, via the 2D FFT. For one time predictions, the phase matrix of Y is combined with the amplitude matrix ofYfft, whereby an improved predicted map Yplock is formed. Usually, the residuals of Y plock versus Y are about half of the values of Yfft versus Y. For long term predictions, the phase matrix of a "field mask" is combined with the amplitude matrices of the reference image Y and the predicted image Yfft. The field mask is a binary image of a pre-selected region of interest in X and Y. The resultant maps Ypref and Ypred aremodified versions of Y and Yfft respectively. The residuals of Ypred versus Ypref are even lower than the residuals of Yplock versus Y. The maps, Ypref and Ypred represent a close consensus of two independent imaging methods which "view" the same target. In the last two years of the project our remote sensing capability was expanded by addition of a CASI II airborne hyperspectral imaging system and an ASD hyperspectral radiometer. Unfortunately, the cross-noice and poor repeatability problem we had in multi-spectral imaging was exasperated in hyperspectral imaging. We have been able to overcome this problem by over-flying each field twice in rapid succession and developing the Repeatability Index (RI). The RI quantifies the repeatability of each spectral band in the hyperspectral image cube. Thereby, it is possible to select the bands of higher repeatability for inclusion in the prediction model while bands of low repeatability are excluded. Further segregation of high and low repeatability bands takes place in the prediction model algorithm, which is based on a combination of a "Genetic Algorithm" and Partial Least Squares", (PLS-GA). In summary, modus operandi was developed, for deriving important plant growth attribute maps (yield, leaf nitrate, biomass and sugar percent in beets), from remote sensing imagery, with sufficient accuracy for precision cropping applications. This achievement is remarkable, given the inherently high cross-noice between the reference and remote imagery as well as the highly non-repeatable nature of remote sensing systems. The above methodologies may be readily adopted by commercial companies, which specialize in proving remotely sensed data to farmers.
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Sessa, Guido, and Gregory B. Martin. molecular link from PAMP perception to a MAPK cascade associated with tomato disease resistance. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597918.bard.

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The research problem: The detection of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by plant pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) is a key mechanism by which plants activate an effective immune response against pathogen attack. MAPK cascades are important signaling components downstream of PRRs that transduce the PAMP signal to activate various defense responses. Preliminary experiments suggested that the receptor-like cytoplasmickinase (RLCK) Mai5 plays a positive role in pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and interacts with the MAPKKK M3Kε. We thus hypothesized that Mai5, as other RLCKs, functions as a component PRR complexes and acts as a molecular link between PAMP perception and activation of MAPK cascades. Original goals: The central goal of this research was to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which Mai5 and M3Kε regulate plant immunity. Specific objectives were to: 1. Determine the spectrum of PAMPs whose perception is transmitted by M3Kε; 2. Identify plant proteins that act downstream of M3Kε to mediate PTI; 3. Investigate how and where Mai5 interacts with M3Kε in the plant cell; 4. Examine the mechanism by which Mai5 contributes to PTI. Changes in research directions: We did not find convincing evidence for the involvement of M3Kε in PTI signaling and substituted objectives 1 and 3 with research activities aimed at the analysis of transcriptomic profiles of tomato plants during the onset of plant immunity, isolation of the novel tomato PRR FLS3, and investigation of the involvement of the RLCKBSKs in PTI. Main achievements during this research program are in the following major areas: 1. Functional characterization of Mai5. The function of Mai5 in PTI signaling was demonstrated by testing the effect of silencing the Mai5 gene by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) experiments and in cell death assays. Domains of Mai5 that interact with MAPKKKs and subcellular localization of Mai5 were analyzed in detail. 2. Analysis of transcriptional profiles during the tomato immune responses to Pseudomonas syringae (Pombo et al., 2014). We identified tomato genes whose expression is induced specifically in PTI or in effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Thirty ETI-specific genes were examined by VIGS for their involvement in immunity and the MAPKKK EPK1, was found to be required for ETI. 3. Dissection of MAP kinase cascades downstream of M3Kε (Oh et al., 2013; Teper et al., 2015). We identified genes that encode positive (SGT and EDS1) and negative (WRKY1 and WRKY2) regulators of the ETI-associated cell death mediated by M3Kε. In addition, the MKK2 MAPKK, which acts downstream of M3Kε, was found to interact with the MPK3 MAPK and specific MPK3 amino acids involved interaction were identified and found to be required for induction of cell death. We also identified 5 type III effectors of the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonaseuvesicatoria that inhibited cell death induced by components of ETI-associated MAP kinase cascades. 4. Isolation of the tomato PRR FLS3 (Hind et al., submitted). FLS3, a novel PRR of the LRR-RLK family that specifically recognizes the flagellinepitope flgII-28 was isolated. FLS3 was shown to bind flgII-28, to require kinase activity for function, to act in concert with BAK1, and to enhance disease resistance to Pseudomonas syringae. 5. Functional analysis of RLCKs of the brassinosteroid signaling kinase (BSK) family.Arabidopsis and tomato BSKs were found to interact with PRRs. In addition, certain ArabidospsisBSK mutants were found to be impaired in PAMP-induced resistance to Pseudomonas syringae. Scientific and agricultural significance: Our research activities discovered and characterized new molecular components of signaling pathways mediating recognition of invading pathogens and activation of immune responses against them. Increased understanding of molecular mechanisms of immunity will allow them to be manipulated by both molecular breeding and genetic engineering to produce plants with enhanced natural defense against disease.
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