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1

Mandelis, Andreas. Optics in bone biology and diagnostics: 24 January 2009, San Jose, California, United States. Edited by SPIE (Society). Bellingham, Wash: SPIE, 2009.

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2

service), SpringerLink (Online, ed. Visualization of Hydrogen-Bond Dynamics: Water-Based Model Systems on a Cu(110) Surface. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2012.

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3

Verheul, Jaap, ed. The Cultural Life of James Bond. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462982185.

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The release of No Time To Die in 2021 heralds the arrival of the twenty-fifth installment in the James Bond film series. Since the release of Dr. No in 1962, the cinematic James Bond has expedited the transformation of Ian Fleming's literary creation into an icon of western popular culture that has captivated audiences across the globe by transcending barriers of ideology, nation, empire, gender, race, ethnicity, and generation. The Cultural Life of James Bond: Specters of 007 untangles the seemingly perpetual allure of the Bond phenomenon by looking at the non-canonical texts and contexts that encompass the cultural life of James Bond. Chronicling the evolution of the British secret agent over half a century of political, social, and cultural permutations, the fifteen chapters examine the Bond-brand beyond the film series and across media platforms while understanding these ancillary texts and contexts as sites of negotiation with the Eon franchise.
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4

Bonde, Peter. Peter Bonde: Ind i landskabet og ud igen : udgivet i anledning af udstilling på Galleri Specta april 1986. [Denmark]: Galleri Specta, 1986.

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5

Kiroh, Hengki J. Upaya pengelolaan satwa liar Tarsius spectrum dalam rangka mempertahankan keragaman hayati di Taman Nasional Dumoga Bone: Laporan penelitian hibah bersaing tahun I. Manado: Fakultas Peternakan, Universitas Sam Ratulangi, 2008.

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6

Prendergast, John. The bones of our children are not yet buried: The looming spectre of famine and massive human rights abuse in Somalia. Washington, D.C: Center of Concern, 1994.

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7

Polites, Michael E. A general-purpose balloon-borne pointing system for solar scientific instruments. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Management, Scientific and Technical Information Division, 1990.

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8

Polites, Michael E. A general-purpose balloon-borne pointing system for solar scientific instruments. Huntsville, Ala: George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, 1990.

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9

Polites, Michael E. A general-purpose balloon-borne pointing system for solar scientific instruments. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Management, Scientific and Technical Information Division, 1990.

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10

Koli︠a︡da, S. F. Dynamics and numbers: A special program, June 1-July 31, 2014, Max Planck Institute for Mathematics, Bonn, Germany : international conference, July 21-25, 2014, Max Planck Institute for Mathematics, Bonn, Germany. Edited by Max-Planck-Institut für Mathematik. Providence, Rhode Island: American Mathematical Society, 2016.

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11

Sprague, Stuart M., and James M. Pullman. Spectrum of bone pathologies in chronic kidney disease. Edited by David J. Goldsmith. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0122.

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Histologic bone abnormalities begin very early in the course of chronic kidney disease. The KDIGO guidelines recommend that bone disease in patients with chronic kidney disease should be diagnosed on the basis of bone biopsy examination, with bone histomorphometry. They have also proposed a new classification system (TMV), using three key features of bone histology—turnover, mineralization, and volume—to describe bone disease in these patients. However, bone biopsy is still rarely performed today, as it involves an invasive procedure and highly specialized laboratory techniques. High-turnover bone disease (osteitis fibrosa cystica) is mainly related to secondary hyperparathyroidism and is characterized by increased rates of both bone formation and resorption, with extensive osteoclast and osteoblast activity, and a progressive increase in peritrabecular marrow space fibrosis. On the other hand, low-turnover (adynamic) bone disease involves a decline in osteoblast and osteoclast activities, reduced new bone formation and mineralization, and endosteal fibrosis. The pathophysiological mechanisms of adynamic bone include vitamin D deficiency, hyperphosphataemia, metabolic acidosis, inflammation, low oestrogen and testosterone levels, bone resistance to parathyroid hormone, and high serum fibroblast growth factor 23. Mixed uraemic osteodystrophy describes a combination of osteitis fibrosa and mineralization defect. In the past few decades, an increase in the prevalence of mixed uraemic osteodystrophy and adynamic bone disease has been observed.
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12

Mizuse, Kenta. Spectroscopic Investigations of Hydrogen Bond Network Structures in Water Clusters. Springer, 2013.

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13

Mizuse, Kenta. Spectroscopic Investigations of Hydrogen Bond Network Structures in Water Clusters. Springer, 2013.

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14

Mizuse, Kenta. Spectroscopic Investigations of Hydrogen Bond Network Structures in Water Clusters. Kenta Mizuse, 2015.

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15

Ian, Fleming. James Bond : Spectre: The Complete Comic Strip Collection. Titan Books, 2016.

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16

Olgaard, Klaus, Isidro B. Salusky, and Justin Silver, eds. The Spectrum of Mineral and Bone Disorders in Chronic Kidney Disease. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199559176.001.1.

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17

The Spectrum Of Mineral And Bone Disorders In Chronic Kidney Disease. Oxford University Press, USA, 2010.

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18

(Editor), Tilman Drueke, and Isidro Salusky (Editor), eds. The Spectrum of Renal Osteodystropy. Oxford University Press, USA, 2001.

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19

B, Drüeke Tilman, and Salusky Isidro B, eds. The spectrum of renal osteodystrophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.

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20

Verheul, Jaap. Cultural Life of James Bond: Specters Of 007. Amsterdam University Press, 2020.

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21

Anderson and Low: On the Set of James Bond's Spectre. Hatje Cantz Verlag GmbH & Co KG, 2016.

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22

Doherty, Michael. Osteoarthritis. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0266.

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Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disorder of synovial joints and is characterized by the combination of focal hyaline cartilage loss and accompanying subchondral bone remodelling and marginal new bone formation (osteophyte). It has genetic, constitutional, and environmental risk factors and presents a spectrum of clinical phenotypes and outcomes. OA commonly affects just one region (e.g. knee OA, hip OA). However, multiple hand interphalangeal joint OA, usually accompanied by posterolateral firm swellings (nodes), is a marker for a tendency towards polyarticular ‘generalized nodal OA’.
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23

Lamyman, Michael, and Roderick Dunn. Tumours. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757689.003.0017.

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Hand tumours occur in a spectrum from common benign conditions (such as ganglions) and rare, aggressive metastatic sarcoma. We present a clear account of benign and malignant soft tissue and bone tumours affecting the hand and upper limb, including diagnostic features, useful investigations, and classifications. Treatment plans are discussed, with some operative details for the different types of ganglia.
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24

Kumagai, Takashi. Visualization of Hydrogen-Bond Dynamics: Water-Based Model Systems on a Cu Surface. Takashi Kumagai, 2014.

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25

Kumagai, Takashi. Visualization of Hydrogen-Bond Dynamics: Water-Based Model Systems on a Cu Surface. Springer, 2012.

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26

Fleming, Ian. Thunderball: Library Edition (James Bond 007 (Blackstone)). Blackstone Audiobooks, 2001.

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27

Ian, Fleming. Thunderball: Library Edition (James Bond 007 (Blackstone)). Blackstone Audiobooks, 2001.

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28

United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Semi-annual progress report ... entitled Resonance fluorescence in atmospheric gases, for the period September 16, 1985 - March 15, 1986. [College Park, MD]: Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, 1986.

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29

Semi-annual progress report ... entitled Resonance fluorescence in atmospheric gases, for the period September 16, 1985 - March 15, 1986. [College Park, MD]: Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, 1986.

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30

Gluckman, Sir Peter, Mark Hanson, Chong Yap Seng, and Anne Bardsley. Effects of maternal age on pregnancy outcomes. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198722700.003.0034.

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Maternal age on both ends of the reproductive spectrum (teenage and 35+) is associated with increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, as compared with the age range from 20–34 years old. Some of the increase in pregnancy complications in older mothers is caused by underlying age-related health issues such as hypertension and diabetes, the prevalence of which increases linearly with age. The risks associated with young maternal age are more related to nutritional deficits and the fact that pregnant adolescents may still be growing themselves. Poor fetal growth often seen in adolescent pregnancies possibly results from competition for nutrients. Maternal bone loss is also a concern, as adolescent diets are commonly low in calcium and vitamin D. Pregnant adolescents may benefit from calcium supplementation to compensate for the increased need for their own bone growth and should at minimum receive vitamin D supplements, as recommended for all pregnant women.
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31

Misra, V. Peter, and Santiago Catania. EMG-guided botulinum toxin therapy. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199688395.003.0026.

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This chapter explains the mechanism by which botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) causes its neuromuscular paralytic effects, and reviews the developments that led these effects to be harnessed therapeutically. It specifically focuses upon the conditions of dystonia and spasticity. Within the spectrum of these diseases, it discusses those situations where BoNT injections are the treatment of choice. The very accurate targeting of BoNT into specific muscles in many situations is both desirable and crucial in some situations BoNT’s therapeutic neuroparalytic effect may need to be restricted to a single muscle fascicle.. In some cases, an inaccurately placed injection may be associated with unacceptable side effects. In order to achieve accuracy of BoNT injection delivery, intramuscular injections of BoNT aided by electromyography (EMG) guidance allows the very accurate targeting of specific muscles. The practical aspects related to the preparation of BoNT for injection and the methodology and techniques for injecting using EMG guidance are discussed. The importance of good anatomical knowledge and the relevant EMG techniques to target individual muscles are highlighted and applied to injection of muscles in different body areas. Finally, certain diagnostic neurophysiological tests, which may be useful for the management of some neurological conditions that are treated by BoNT are briefly discussed.
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32

Champigneulle, Benoit, and Frédéric Pène. Pathophysiology and management of neutropenia in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0274.

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Neutropenia is defined by an absolute neutrophil count <500 per mm3. Chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression represents the main mechanism accounting for neutropenia, although various bone marrow disorders might also result in impaired granulopoiesis. Neutropenia, especially when profound and prolonged, is a major risk factor for severe bacterial and fungal infections. Early initiation of empirical broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy represents the cornerstone of the treatment of febrile neutropenia. A number of infected neutropenic patients may exhibit organ failures, such as acute respiratory failures and/or severe sepsis requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission. This chapter discusses the particularities in the management of neutropenic patients in the ICU, including outcome and criteria for ICU admission, management of antimicrobials with respect to the current epidemiological trends, and other measures specific to this subgroup of patients.
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33

Foster, Helen E., and Paul A. Brogan, eds. Paediatric Rheumatology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198738756.001.0001.

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Paediatric Rheumatology, second edition is an indispensable resource for the identification and management of rheumatological diseases of children and young people. As well as covering common and rare musculoskeletal problems, there are also chapters on rheumatological emergencies designed for quick reference, and essential core clinical skills of relevance to the full spectrum of paediatric rheumatological disease. This second edition is fully updated, including state-of-the-art descriptions of new autoinflammatory diseases, advances in genetics in paediatric rheumatology, up-to-date guidance on the treatment of JIA, vasculitis, SLE, JDM, and other connective tissue diseases. Highlights of the second edition include alignment of management approaches for paediatric rheumatological diseases with recent evidence-based / consensus European guidelines; a description of North American treatment approaches to JIA; updated chapters on more specialist interventions including immunization in the immunosuppressed, and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation; and sections describing approaches to the management of rheumatological diseases in developing countries. Bone diseases are also described in detail including CRMO, skeletal dysplasias, and metabolic bone diseases. The second edition also includes a colour plate depicting rashes presenting in paediatric rheumatological conditions. This second edition is fully endorsed by the British Society for Paediatric and Adolescent Rheumatology (BSPAR), and many members of BSPAR have contributed most of the chapters. This second edition thus provides fully updated clinical guidelines and supporting information needed to successfully manage children and young people with rheumatological conditions.
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34

T, DeLand Matthew, Hilsenrath Ernest, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Analysis of solar spectral irradiance measurements from the SBUV/2-series and SSBUV instruments: Semi-annual report, period of performance, 1 March 1995 to 29 August 1995. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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35

T, DeLand Matthew, Hilsenrath Ernest, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Analysis of solar spectral irradiance measurements from the SBUV/2-series and SSBUV instruments: Semi-annual report, period of performance, 1 March 1995 to 29 August 1995. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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36

P, Cebula Richard, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. SSBUV and NOAA-11 SBUV/2 solar variability measurements. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.

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37

SSBUV and NOAA-11 SBUV/2 solar variability measurements. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.

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38

SSBUV and NOAA-11 SBUV/2 solar variability measurements. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.

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39

P, Cebula Richard, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. SSBUV and NOAA-11 SBUV/2 solar variability measurements. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.

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40

Garaffa, Giulio, Salvatore Sansalone, and David J. Ralph. Male genital injury. Edited by David John Ralph. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199659579.003.0109.

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Male genital trauma, a relatively rare condition in the Western world, usually affects young men and encompasses a wide spectrum of injuries, which in the most severe cases may lead to a complete long-term loss of sexual and urinary function. When managing genital trauma, it is paramount to identify possible associated bony, vascular, bowel, and urinary tract injuries, which are present in up to 83% of cases, and should require immediate treatment, as they may be potentially life-threatening. The management of the genital trauma should be deferred to a later stage, when associated injuries have been successfully dealt with and the patient condition is stable. Therefore, a prompt and effective management of genital injuries is paramount to prevent devastating effects on patient’s self-image and quality of life. Classification of genital injuries is extremely complex, as an offending mechanism can lead to a broad spectrum of lesions.
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41

Khan, Muhammad Asim. Clinical features. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198734444.003.0011.

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The leading chronic progressive inflammatory disease of the sacroiliac joints and the spinal column, traditionally known as ankylosing spondylitis (AS), is a relatively common but insidious rheumatic disease that can cause progressive limitation of physical function. It is a prototype of related forms of arthritis, grouped under the term spondyloarthritis that is subdivided into predominantly axial and predominantly peripheral forms. This chapter details the clinical features of axial spondyloarthritis, a term that encompasses ankylosing spondylitis. There is a predilection for the inflammation to affect sites where the tendons and ligaments attach to the bones (entheses) and can result in gradual and progressive spinal ankylosis, with resultant physical deformity. The disease may present with a wide spectrum of clinical features, both articular and extra-articular, and can be difficult to diagnose in early stages.
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42

Ian, Fleming. Thunderball. French & European Pubns, 1999.

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43

Fleming, Ian. Thunderball. Penguin Audiobooks, 2002.

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44

Ian, Fleming. Thunderball. Paperback Nova Audio Books, 2000.

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45

Ian, Fleming. Thunderball. Jove Books, 1987.

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46

Ian, Fleming. Thunderball. MJF Books, 1997.

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47

Ian, Fleming. Thunderball. Jove Books, 1987.

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48

Speed,, Cathy, Jae Rhee, and Fares Haddad. Injuries to the pelvis, hip, and thigh. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199533909.003.0027.

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Injuries to the musculoskeletal pelvis and thigh in sport are extremely common. Injury can occur at one or multiple sites of the bony pelvic ring, and in the soft tissues of the groin, abdominal wall, and thigh. Athletes in certain sports are particularly prone to hip injury, especially those involved in running, soccer, hockey, rugby, and dancing. Although recognized as a common region of injury, the true epidemiology is not known, as the spectrum of injury is wide, diagnosis can be complex, and injury classification is still debated in some conditions. Nevertheless, soft tissue injury and dysfunction are the most common forms of injury seen and, indeed, hamstring injury is the most frequent injury in a number of sports, including athletics, soccer, rugby union, and Australian Football League. Hamstring injuries are also the most common recurrent injury in sport....
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49

Grassi, Walter, Tadashi Okano, and Emilio Filippucci. Ultrasound in osteoarthritis and crystal-related arthropathies. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199668847.003.0017.

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Ultrasonography (US) is a safe and cheap imaging technique which in experienced hands allows for a multiplanar and multisite high-resolution assessment of both morphological and structural features of bone, cartilage, and intra- or periarticular soft tissues. This chapter describes the main applications of US in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and crystal-related arthropathies. Imaging plays a key role for diagnosis, prognosis, and follow-up in patients with OA. Although conventional radiography is still the gold standard imaging technique in daily clinical practice, US has been revealed to be capable of detecting a wide spectrum of otherwise undetectable details, including cartilage damage, joint effusion, synovial hypertrophy, osteophyte formation, and meniscal protrusion. Crystal visualization by US has the potential to change the diagnostic approach in patients with suspicion of crystal-related arthropathies. The double-contour sign, due to urate crystal deposits on the chondrosynovial interface of the hyaline cartilage, is a highly specific finding for gout as well as the hyperechoic spots within the hyaline cartilage for calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition disease. The potential applications of US in the management of patients with OA and crystal-related arthropathies are not only limited to diagnosis and monitoring. Finally, US guidance allows the real-time visualization of the needle moving through different tissues and reaching the target to aspirate and/or inject. The correct placement of the tip of the needle plays a key role in improving efficacy and reducing side effects of the injection.
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50

Holroyd, Christopher R., Nicholas C. Harvey, Mark H. Edwards, and Cyrus Cooper. Environment. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0038.

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Musculoskeletal disease covers a broad spectrum of conditions whose aetiology comprises variable genetic and environmental contributions. More recently it has become clear that, particularly early in life, the interaction of gene and environment is critical to the development of later disease. Additionally, only a small proportion of the variation in adult traits such as bone mineral density has been explained by specific genes in genome-wide association studies, suggesting that gene-environment interaction may explain a much larger part of the inheritance of disease risk than previously thought. It is therefore critically important to evaluate the environmental factors which may predispose to diseases such as osteorthritis, osteoporosis, and rheumatoid arthritis both at the individual and at the population level. In this chapter we describe the environmental contributors, across the whole life course, to osteoarthritis, osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis, as exemplar conditions. We consider factors such as age, gender, nutrition (including the role of vitamin D), geography, occupation, and the clues that secular changes of disease pattern may yield. We describe the accumulating evidence that conditions such as osteoporosis may be partly determined by the early interplay of environment and genotype, through aetiological mechanisms such as DNA methylation and other epigenetic phenomena. Such studies, and those examining the role of environmental influences across other stages of the life course, suggest that these issues should be addressed at all ages, starting from before conception, in order to optimally reduce the burden of musculoskeletal disorders in future generations.
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