Journal articles on the topic 'Speckman'

This paper considers the partially linear model when the explanatory variables are highly correlated as well as the dataset contains outliers. We propose new robust biased estimators for this model under these conditions. The proposed estimators combine least trimmed squares and ridge estimations, based on the spline partial residuals technique. The performance of the proposed estimators and the Speckman-spline estimator has been examined by a Monte Carlo simulation study. The results indicated that the proposed estimators are more efficient and reliable than the Speckman-spline estimator.

Reseña sobre Elisa Speckman Guerra. En tela de juicio. Justicia penal, homicidios célebres y opinión pública (México, siglo XX). México: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas/Tirant lo Blanch (Historia del Derecho en América Latina), 2020.

SummaryThis paper concerns detection of the change point, which is treated as an abrupt change in the response function or one of its derivatives. The change point is identified using the semiparametric model and the theory given by Speckman (1994). The theory is illustrated by a real experiment in wchich the dry biomass of winter wheat is studied.

La base de los problemas historiográficos que constituyen el nódulo del presente libro es la tesis doctoral de Graciela Flores Flores, defendida en la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México bajo la dirección de Elisa Speckman. A la historiografía de las instituciones judiciales en la Hispanoamérica republicana —más allá de ciertas contribuciones importantes enmarcadas en la apertura disciplinar de las últimas décadas—, le urgen estudios de esta índole que permitan analizar las continuidades y rupturas en ese complejo tránsito entre un orden jurisdiccional y uno propio del Estado de Derecho, tal como actualmente es concebido. La obra que nos ocupa es rica en matices y detalles, así que procuraré esbozar las líneas argumentativas más sobresalientes a mi modo ver.

Indíígena y Criminal. Interpretaciones del derecho y la antropologíía en Mééxico, 1871––1921. By Beatriz Uríías Horcasitas. Mexico: Universidad Ibero-americana, 2000. Criminal and Citizen in Modern Mexico. By Robert M. Buffington. Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press, 2000. Crimen y Castigo. Legislacióón penal, interpretaciones de la criminalidad y administracióón de justicia (Ciudad de Mééxico, 1872––1910). By Elisa Speckman Guerra. Mexico: El Colegio de Mééxico, Universidad Nacional Autóónoma de Mééxico, 2002. City of Suspects. Crime in Mexico City, 1900––1931. By Pablo Piccato. Durham and London: Duke University Press, 2001. Reconstructing Criminality in Latin America. Ed. Carlos A. Aguirre and Robert Buffington. Wilmington: Scholarly Resources, 2000. Crime and Punishment in Latin America. Law and Society since Late Colonial Times. Ed. Ricardo D. Salvatore, Carlos Aguirre, and Gilbert M. Joseph. Durham and London: Duke University Press, 2001.

Evidencias epidemiológicas de genotoxinas en alimentos.En la actualidad existen evidencias rezonables de que entre el 70 y el 90% de los cánceres humanos se deben a causas ambientales (Alcántara y Speckmann, 1976; Wynder, 1976; Winder y Gori, 1977). Las causas ambientales incluyen costumbres personales, exposición ocupacional, alimentación y contaminación ambiental. Se cee que los factores alimenticios sean los componentes más significativos en la génesis dela enfermedad (Correa, 1975; Correa y Haenszel, 1978; Reddy et al., 1980; Doll y Peto, 1981; Rozen et al., 1981; Zaridze, 1983).

In this article, we introduce a modified ridge type estimator for the vector of parameters in a partially linear model. This estimator is a generalization of the well-known Speckman’s approach and is based on smoothing splines method. Most important in the implementation of this method is the choice of the smoothing parameter. Many Criteria of selecting smoothing parameters such as improved version of Akaike information criterion (AICc), generalized cross-validation (GCV), cross-validation (CV), Mallows’ Cp criterion, risk estimation using classical pilots (REC) and Bayes information criterion (BIC) are developed in literature. In order to illustrate the ideas in the paper, a real data example and a Monte Carlo simulation study are carried out. Thus, the appropriate selection criteria are provided for a suitable smoothing parameter selection.

Madeja, Michael, Ulrich Muβhoff, Norbert Binding, Ute Witting, and Erwin-Josef Speckmann. Effects of Pb2+ on delayed-rectifier potassium channels in acutely isolated hippocampal neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 2649–2654, 1997. The effects of Pb2+ on delayed-rectifier potassium currents were studied in acutely isolated hippocampal neurons (CA1 neurons, CA3 neurons, granule cells) from the guinea pig using the patch-clamp technique in the whole cell configuration. Pb2+ in micromolar concentrations decreased the potassium currents in a voltage-dependent manner, which appeared as a shift of the current-voltage relation to positive potentials. The effect was reversible after washing. The concentration-responsiveness measured in CA1 neurons revealed an IC50 value of 30 μmol/l at a potential of −30 mV. The half-maximal shift of the current-voltage relation was reached at 33 μmol/l and the maximal obtainable shift was 13.4 mV. For the different types of hippocampal neurons, the shift of the current-voltage relation was distinct and was 7.9 mV in CA1 neurons, 13.7 mV in CA3 neurons, and 14.2 mV in granule cells with 50 μmol/l Pb2+. The effects described here of Pb2+ on the potassium currents in hippocampal neurons and the differences between the types of hippocampal neurons correspond with the known properties and distributions of cloned potassium channels found in the hippocampus. As a whole, our results demonstrate that Pb2+ in micromolar concentration is a voltage-dependent, reversible blocker of delayed-rectifier potassium currents of hippocampal neurons. This effect has to be taken into consideration as a possible contributing mechanism for the neurological symptoms of enhanced brain activity seen during Pb2+ intoxication.

Abstract. Dams are an important element of water resources management. Data about dams are crucial for practitioners, scientists, and policymakers for various purposes, such as seasonal forecasting of water availability or flood mitigation. However, detailed information on dams on the national level for Germany is so far not freely available. We present the most comprehensive open-access dam inventory for Germany (DIG) to date. We have collected and combined information on dams using books, state agency reports, engineering reports, and internet pages. We have applied a priority rule that ensures the highest level of reliability for the dam information. Our dam inventory comprises 530 dams in Germany with information on name, location, river, start year of construction and operation, crest length, dam height, lake area, lake volume, purpose, dam structure, and building characteristics. We have used a global, satellite-based water surface raster to evaluate the location of the dams. A significant proportion (63 %) of dams were built between 1950–2013. Our inventory shows that dams in Germany are mostly single-purpose (52 %), 53 % can be used for flood control, and 25 % are involved in energy production. The inventory is freely available through GFZ (GeoForschungsZentrum) Data Services (https://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.4.4.2020.005) (Speckhann et al., 2020).

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Flow maps, where counts of people or things are shown travelling between origin-destination pairs with paths or arrows, are difficult to draw well, mostly because they rapidly get cluttered as more and more paths are added. Researchers in cartographic and information visualization fields have sought to mitigate these problems in various ways, including cluster detection and edge bundling (Buchin, Speckmann, &amp; Verbeek, 2011; Guo, 2009), force-directed path placement (Holten &amp; van Wijk, 2009; Jenny et al., 2017), use of network topological space instead of planimetric space (Xiao &amp; Chun, 2009), interactive spatial filtering of flows (Vrotsou, Fuchs, Andrienko, &amp; Andrienko, 2017), and by changing the drawing medium to accommodate flows that arc through 3D space (Raposo, 2017; Yang et al., 2019; Zhang, Zhang, Li, &amp; Li, 2018). Other geovisualization techniques recently developed involve and use of matrixes or grids to store and visualize flows; Wood, Dykes, &amp; Slingsby (2010) use spatial tessellation and a set of small multiples of the same tessellation representing origin and destination spaces, respectively, creating a sort of travel heat map when tiles are colored as a choropleth. A comparable approach is taken by Yang et al. (2017) in a system that combines an abstract matrix of flow records with inflow and outflow maps.</p><p>This early-stage project builds on previous matrix-based flow visualization methods while leveraging the power of Discrete Global Grid Systems (DGGS), which present a naturally Earth-oriented hierarchical tessellation upon which a matrix of origins and destinations can be stored and visualized. DGGS (Sahr, White, &amp; Kimerling, 2003; Raposo, Robinson, &amp; Brown, in press) partition the round Earth into nested tiles in a manner similar to quad-trees, and have the desirable properties of covering the whole spherical globe in equal-area (or near equal-area) tiles, and of being hierarchical to an arbitrary number of levels. The hierarchical quality allows flows in a DGGS to be naturally bundled by origin and destination points as a function of grid size; greater or lesser detail (i.e., more or less bundling) in the overall pattern of flows is effected by descending or ascending DGGS levels. As DGGS are becoming increasingly popular for geospatial data computation and collection in movement analysis (Brodsky, 2018), the present work provides a natural bridge to the visualization of such data when it pertains to movement phenomena.</p><p>The present research will develop a suite of flow visualization techniques upon an existing open-source DGGS rendering platform (Raposo, Robinson, &amp; Brown, in press): 1) grid facet coloring in a choropleth scheme to indicate magnitudes of flow into or out of a particular facet; 2) vertical-space cubic spline flow arcs, and 3) tabular representation of the flow data. All three visualization techniques will function across multiple spatial resolutions, corresponding to each of the hierarchical levels of our chosen DGGS, so that users can interact both with each of the three visualizations of the data as well as the spatial granularity to which the data are displayed. All views will be interactive and linked.</p><p>We use Dutton’s (1999) quaternary triangular mesh (QTM), being a DGGS based on recursively subdividing the faces of an octahedron over the globe (Figure 1). Our method begins by finding, at many nested QTM levels, the facets of the QTM with which each origin and destination point intersects; in practice, we use up to 16 levels, as the triangles at that level in the QTM are small enough to address typical individual buildings. Importantly, point-in-polygon intersection is calculated geodetically, and not in 2D projected space, since failing to do this can cause topological errors (Raposo, Robinson, Brown, in press). At each QTM facet and at each level, we build two lists: one of all the other facets at that level that contain an origin point for a flow that arrives at this facet, and another of those that contain a destination point for flows originating in this facet. These lists are stored to each facet as polygon attributes. A flow path curving through vertical space via a cubic spline is also derived for each origin-destination pair and stored as a renderable 3D solid.</p><p>The QTM is then plotted in our software on a virtual globe using NASA’s World Wind application programming interface. As users select any one QTM facet, its attributes are read to find all the other facets either contributing or receiving flows to or from the selected facet; these are then colored according to a choropleth scheme to visualize magnitudes of flow (Figure 2). Coloration is controlled for various descriptive statistics on the flows (e.g., total, mean, maximum, etc.). Linear paths curving up and around the globe (Figure 3) will also be available to be toggled on or off, giving users multiple redundant symbolizations of travel paths.</p>

RESUMENEl objetivo de este artículo es reflexionar sobre los mecanismos de financiación y de control de las instituciones religiosas por los laicos en las primeras décadas de la conquista y colonización de Hispanoamérica. Investigar sobre la inversión laica en lo sagrado supone en un primer lugar aclarar la historiografía sobre laicos, religión y dinero en las sociedades de Antiguo Régimen y su trasposición en América, planteando una mirada desde el punto de vista de las motivaciones múltiples de los actores seglares. A través del ejemplo de restituciones, donaciones y legados en losAndes, se explora el papel de los laicos españoles, y también de las poblaciones indígenas, en el establecimiento de la densa red de instituciones católicas que se construye entonces. La propuesta postula el protagonismo de actores laicos en la construcción de un espacio cristiano en los Andes peruanos en el siglo XVI y principios del XVII, donde la inversión económica permite contribuir a la transición de una sociedad de guerra y conquista a una sociedad corporativa pacificada.PALABRAS CLAVE: Hispanoamérica-Andes, religión, economía, encomienda, siglos XVI y XVII.ABSTRACTThis article aims to reflect on the mechanisms of financing and control of religious institutions by the laity in the first decades of the conquest and colonization of Spanish America. Investigating lay investment in the sacred sphere means first of all to clarifying historiography on laity, religion and money within Ancien Régime societies and their transposition to America, taking into account the multiple motivations of secular actors. The example of restitutions, donations and legacies inthe Andes enables us to explore the role of the Spanish laity and indigenous populations in the establishment of the dense network of Catholic institutions that was established during this period. The proposal postulates the role of lay actors in the construction of a Christian space in the Peruvian Andes in the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, when economic investment contributed to the transition from a society of war and conquest to a pacified, corporate society.KEY WORDS: Hispanic America-Andes, religion, economics, encomienda, 16th and 17th centuries. BIBLIOGRAFIAAbercrombie, T., “Tributes to Bad Conscience: Charity, Restitution, and Inheritance in Cacique and Encomendero Testaments of 16th-Century Charcas”, en Kellogg, S. y Restall, M. 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Elisa Speckman Guerra recorre de 1871 a 1921 los claroscuros de la justicia penal mexicana. Apunta que, para entender la real significación del derecho penal mexicano, se requiere considerar historias de estilos de vida orientados a observar diferencias de género, costumbres, ideología, la relatividad del delito en cuanto a lo permitido y lo prohibido, relacionado con los diferentes sectores socioeconómicos y culturales, enfatizando los privilegios que existían para las clases privilegiadas.

AN230, a 5-page illustrated fact sheet by Reyna Speckmann and Jeff Steele, describes the materials and assembly guides that are standard operating procedures practiced at the UF/IFAS Range Cattle Research and Education Center in Ona, FL. Published by the UF Department of Animal Sciences, November 2009.

SS-AGR-325, a 3-page illustrated fact sheet by Brent Sellers, Jason Ferrell, and Reyna Speckmann, describes this clump-forming perennial plant that frequently infests low-lying areas in Florida pastures — biology, control, forage tolerance, management, and recommendations. Published by the UF Department of Agronomy, November 2009. SS-AGR-325/AG335: Soft Rush (Juncus effusus) Biology and Control in Pastures (ufl.edu)

SS-AGR-326, a 3-page illustrated fact sheet by Brent Sellers, J. Ferrell, and Reyna Speckmann, describes the biology and control of this native evergreen shrub that, in dense infestations, can completely eliminate bahiagrass stands in pastures. Published by the UF Department of Agronomy, November 2009. Reviewed December 2012. SS-AGR-326/AG336: Wax Myrtle Biology and Control in Pastures (ufl.edu)