Relevant bibliographies by topics / Species richness

Academic literature on the topic 'Species richness'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 April 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Species richness"

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Scott, J. Michael, Blair Csuti, James D. Jacobi, and John E. Estes. "Species Richness." BioScience 37, no. 11 (December 1987): 782–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1310544.

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Poore, Gary C. B., and George D. F. Wilson. "Marine species richness." Nature 361, no. 6413 (February 1993): 597–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/361597a0.

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May, Robert M. "Marine species richness." Nature 361, no. 6413 (February 1993): 598. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/361598a0.

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Henriksson, Anna, Jun Yu, David A. Wardle, Johan Trygg, and Göran Englund. "Weighted species richness outperforms species richness as predictor of biotic resistance." Ecology 97, no. 1 (January 2016): 262–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/15-0463.1.

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Brunbjerg, Ane Kirstine, Hans Henrik Bruun, Lars Dalby, Camilla Fløjgaard, Tobias G. Frøslev, Toke T. Høye, Irina Goldberg, et al. "Vascular plant species richness and bioindication predict multi‐taxon species richness." Methods in Ecology and Evolution 9, no. 12 (October 5, 2018): 2372–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/2041-210x.13087.

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Moreno-Rueda, Gregorio, and Manuel Pizarro. "Rodent species richness is correlated with carnivore species richness in Spain." Revue d'Écologie (La Terre et La Vie) 65, no. 3 (2010): 265–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/revec.2010.1531.

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Sugden, Andrew M. "Species richness maintains mutualisms." Science 370, no. 6514 (October 15, 2020): 305.8–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.370.6514.305-h.

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Vega-Álvarez, Julia, José Antonio García-Rodríguez, and Luis Cayuela. "Facilitation beyond species richness." Journal of Ecology 107, no. 2 (October 15, 2018): 722–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13072.

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Hochberg, Michael E., and Bradford A. Hawkins. "Predicting Parasitoid Species Richness." American Naturalist 142, no. 4 (October 1993): 671–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/285563.

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Hong, S. H., J. Bunge, S. O. Jeon, and S. S. Epstein. "Predicting microbial species richness." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 103, no. 1 (December 20, 2005): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0507245102.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Species richness"

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Norris, Beth J. "Species richness estimation for benthic data." Thesis, University of Kent, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.593918.

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This thesis addresses species richness estimation for benthic data by describing the clustering of individuals within a species using a Neyman Type A distribution, and incorporating this into species richness estimates. A review of current species richness estimation methods is included . The maximumlikelihood approach to species richness estimation is extended to incorporate the Neyman Type A model, with a gamma mixing distribution on the mean abundance of individuals within a species. Species richness estimates of this model are compared •1 to those of the simpler negative binomial and Poisson models. The use of a penalisedlikelihood is applied to avoid sp uriously large estimates of species richness that can be associated with the 'boundary problem'. The Bayesian approach to species richness is considered, using uninformative and informative priors. Informative priors are elicited using expert opinion obtained from a number of benthic ecologists at the Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science. These are iDcorporated into species richness estimation in the form of priors, and also converted into penalties for use in the frequentist approach. Several benthic data sets aTe anaJysed throughout, along with a Lepidoptera data set, and a data set from a common bird census carried out in the USA. In addition, several simulation studies are undertaken to illustrate the performance of the estimators. The research culminates in the application of species richness estimators to estimate species mortality due to dredging carried out off the Norfolk coast. Several estimators can be considered to gain a picture of the effect of dredging, and I recommend that species richness estimators should reflect the underlying distribution of t he data. I also recommend that a precautionary approach should be taken when using these estimators in practical applications.
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Hecnar, Stephen J. "Species richness, species turnover, and spatial dynamics of amphibian communities." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0006/NQ30275.pdf.

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Srivastava, Diane Sheila. "Ecological evolutionary limits of local species richness." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244120.

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Vonlanthen, Corinne Maria. "Alpine plant communities : ecology and species richness /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://www.zb.unibe.ch/download/eldiss/05vonlanthen_c.pdf.

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Hager, Heather Anne. "Conservation of species richness, are all umbrella species of similar quality?" Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ27503.pdf.

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Downer, Monica Ruth. "Plant Species Richness and Species Area Relationships in a Florida Sandhill." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4030.

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Pine sandhill are integral pyrogenic communities in the southeastern United States. Though once widespread, habitat destruction, fire suppression and fragmentation have reduced the population to nearly 3%. It is important to learn as much as possible about these unique areas in order to implement best management practices to conserve and restore the existing populations of these communities. Fire is central to the maintenance of pine sandhill communities and two conceptual hypothesis regarding burn frequency have come to light in maintaining the unique species composition and richness of these areas. The first is the Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis which suggests that intermediate fire regime maintains species diversity. The second is the Most Frequent Fire Hypothesis suggests that these areas should be burned as frequently as fuels allow. We used species area curves and species area relationships to answer the following questions about a pine sandhill community in the burn plot area of the University of South Florida Ecological Research Area (ERA). What are the patterns of species richness and how do they change with spatial scale? What are the factors contributing to the heterogeneity of this area and how much are they contributing? Do similarly burned areas have similar species composition? Do our results shed some light on the Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis or Most Frequent Fire Hypothesis? We found that physical distance contributed more to species compositional and spatial patterns than burn regime or elevation, whose effects were small. On this particular scale, the results did not support either the Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis or Most Frequent Fire Hypothesis, as acquisition rates of species in all burn regimes were quite similar. There was no obvious pattern of increased species richness with frequent or intermediate burning. Our results suggest a need for a dynamic plan for the conservation, preservation and management of pine sandhill communities. One must consider as many factors as possible when managing these lands, as every sandhill is unique. More research should be conducted on these ecologically sensitive and diminished areas in order to formulate best management practices to conserve, protect and restore pine sandhill in the southeastern United States.
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Nyberg, Kruys Åsa. "Phylogenetic relationships and species richness of coprophilous ascomycetes." Doctoral thesis, Umeå University, Ecology and Environmental Science, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-625.

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Coprophilous ascomycetes are a diverse group of saprobes, of which many belong to three families, Delitschiaceae, Phaeotrichaceae and Sporormiaceae, within the large order Pleosporales. The natural relationships and circumscription of these families are unclear, especially within the family Sporormiaceae, where the generic delimitation have been questioned. There is also a need to understand how different ecological processes affect species richness and occurrence of coprophilous ascomycetes in general. The aim of this thesis was therefore to test earlier classifications of coprophilous taxa within Pleosporales, using phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences; and to study how the habitat, dung type and herbivores´ food choice may affect the species richness and species composition of coprophilous ascomycetes.

A phylogenetic study shows that coprophilous taxa have arisen several times within Pleosporales. Sporormiaceae and Delitschiaceae are separate monophyletic groups and should continue to be recognized as two distinct families within Pleosporales. Phaeotrichaceae forms a monophyletic group, and is, unexpectedly, a strongly supported sister-group to Venturiaceae, but if they belong to Pleosporales or not, remains unresolved. Testudinaceae and Zopfiaceae, which previously had an unclear position in Ascomycota, are shown to be members of Pleosporales and should be treated as two separate families. The genus Eremodothis is, however, not related to Testudinaceae, but is nested within Sporormiaceae and should be transferred to Westerdykella.

The natural relationships within Sporormiaceae are still not fully resolved and consequently, I suggest a rather conservative generic classification, accepting Preussia, Sporormia, Westerdykella, as well as Sporormiella, despite that the latter is not conclusively well supported as monophyletic. Characters previously used in the taxonomy and classification of Sporormiaceae, as choice of substrate, presence or absence of an ostiole, presence or absence of germ slits, and spore ornamentation, were all homoplastic and not very useful for circumscribing monophyletic groups.

Field-studies of moose (Alces alces), mountain hare (Lepus timidus) and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) dung resulted in several new species records, which suggests that coprophilous ascomycetes in boreal Sweden are poorly known. Fungal species richness and occurrence on moose dung varied significantly between habitats. Species diversity was negatively associated with amount of insect attack, and insects feeding either on the dung and/or the fungi may be an important factor explaining the observed pattern. Species richness of coprophilous fungi varied also significantly between different dung types. A study of moose, mountain hare, and roe deer dung did not show any consistent patterns in respect to the animals´ digestive system. There was, however, a general strong positive relationship between the total number of ascomycete species and the number of plant species foraged by the three herbivores. Fungal species with large spores (≥ 50 µm) were over-represented on roe deer dung, and under-represented on moose dung, while the reverse was found for species with small spores (<10µm). This suggests that the foraging level of the herbivore, which in turn mirrors species-specific differences in spore dispersal of the fungi, may be an important factor in explaining species richness and diversity of the coprophilous community.

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Dupré, Cecilia. "Regional and local variation in plant species richness." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för evolutionsbiologi, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-691.

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In this thesis, I examine the variation in plant species richness along gradients of productivity and disturbance in grasslands and forest habitats in southern Sweden, and I compare the documented patterns with theoretical predictions. Moreover, I evaluate the relative importance of habitat quality and habitat configuration for the occurrence of field layer species in deciduous forests. Finally, I present a new method for the determination of the regional species pool. To examine regional and local variation in plant species richness, I gathered data on species composition in plots of different size (0.001 - 1000 m2) in three vegetation types (deciduous forests, dry grasslands and coastal meadows) in four regions of southern Sweden (Öland, Gotland, Småland and Uppland). As predicted by the species pool hypothesis, differences in small-scale species richness of deciduous forests and dry grasslands were correlated with differences in the size of the regional species pool. Moreover, among plots large-scale diversity was predictive of small-scale diversity. Species diversity showed a hump-shaped relationship with productivity in forests, and was related to environmental heterogeneity and the size of the 'habitat-specific' species pool. In the two types of grassland examined, grazed sites were richer in species than abandoned sites. Moreover, both species composition and the representation of plants with different life-history characteristics differed between grazed and abandoned sites. As predicted by the intermediate disturbance hypothesis, species richness was highest at intermediate levels of grazing in coastal meadows. However, all the above patterns were scale-dependent, and not observed at all plot sizes. The occurrence of field layer species in deciduous forests was more strongly related to habitat quality (mainly soil factors) than to habitat configuration (forest area and isolation). Across species, low seed production, clonal reproduction and habitat specificity were negatively associated with isolation.
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Nyberg, Kruys Åsa. "Phylogenetic relationships and species richness of coprophilous ascomycetes /." Umeå : Univ, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-625.

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Dupré, Cecilia. "Regional and local variation in plant species richness /." Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2001. http://publications.uu.se/theses/91-554-5064-4/.

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Books on the topic "Species richness"

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Adams, Jonathan. Species Richness. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74278-4.

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Species richness in tropical forests. [London, etc: Academic Press, 1989.

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Said, Mohamed Y. Multiscale perspectives of species richness in East Africa. [Enschede: ITC], 2003.

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Oliver, Caldecott Julian, and World Conservation Monitoring Centre, eds. Priorities for conserving global species richness and endemism. Cambridge, UK: World Conservation Press, 1994.

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Species richness: Patterns in the diversity of life. Berlin: Springer, 2009.

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Schroeder, Richard L. Habitat suitability index models: Wildlife species richness in shelterbelts. Washington, DC: National Ecology Center, Division of Wildlife and Contaminant Research, Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Dept. of Interior, 1986.

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Wade, Gary L. Species richness on five partially reclaimed Kentucky surface mines. S.l: s.n, 1993.

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Range and richness of vascular land plants: The role of variable light. Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union, 2009.

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The structure and dynamics of tropical rain forest in relation to tree species richness. [Dordrecht, etc: Kluwer Academic Press, 1992.

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Eagleson, Peter S. Range and richness of vascular land plants: The role of variable light. Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Species richness"

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Adams, Jonathan. "Local-scale patterns in species richness." In Species Richness, 1–46. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74278-4_1.

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Adams, Jonathan. "The Holy Grail of ecology: Latitudinal gradients." In Species Richness, 47–95. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74278-4_2.

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Adams, Jonathan. "Deep time and mass extinctions." In Species Richness, 97–166. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74278-4_3.

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Adams, Jonathan. "Hotspots and coldspots." In Species Richness, 167–204. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74278-4_4.

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Adams, Jonathan. "The march of Cain: Humans as a destroyer of species." In Species Richness, 205–58. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74278-4_5.

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Adams, Jonathan. "Knowing what is out there." In Species Richness, 259–86. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74278-4_6.

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Adams, Jonathan. "The current threats." In Species Richness, 287–322. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74278-4_7.

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Adams, Jonathan. "Holding on to what is left." In Species Richness, 323–63. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74278-4_8.

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Mabberley, D. J. "Species Richness." In Tropical Rain Forest Ecology, 187–204. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3672-7_7.

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Specht, R. L. "Species richness." In Mediterranean-type Ecosystems, 81–91. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3099-5_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Species richness"

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Fernandes, G. Wilson. "Canopy stress and galling species richness." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.92488.

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Razak, Nur Asnida A. "Shorebird Abundance And Species Richness In Penang Island." In International Conference on Humanities. European Publisher, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2020.10.02.56.

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Riedman, Leigh Anne, and Peter Sadler. "EUKARYOTIC SPECIES RICHNESS IN THE EARLY TO MIDDLE NEOPROTEROZOIC." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-302072.

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Carrié, Romain, Johan Ekroos, and Henrik Smith. "Organic farming improves the spatiotemporal stability of pollinator species richness." In 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology. Jyväskylä: Jyvaskyla University Open Science Centre, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/107566.

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Tóthmérész, Béla, Tibor Magura, Viktor Ködöböcz, and Gabor Lövei. "Species richness patterns of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in forest fragments." In 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology. Jyväskylä: Jyvaskyla University Open Science Centre, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/107385.

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Chaudhary, Abhishek. "Biodiversity threats embodied in global trade: Moving beyond species richness loss." In 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology. Jyväskylä: Jyvaskyla University Open Science Centre, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/107453.

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Zhang, Liang, Michael Towsey, Philip Eichinski, Jinglan Zhang, and Paul Roe. "Assistive classification for improving the efficiency of avian species richness surveys." In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Data Science and Advanced Analytics (DSAA). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dsaa.2015.7344892.

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Terentev, Aleksandr S., and Mikhail V. Kolesnikov. "STATUS OF THE MACROZOOBENTHOS IN THE NORTHEASTERN BLACK SEA BASED ON THE RESULTS OF THE BENTHIC SURVEY IN 2019." In Treshnikov readings – 2022 Modern geographical global picture and technology of geographic education. Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I. N. Ulyanov, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33065/978-5-907216-88-4-2022-170-173.

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In the species composition of the Northeastern Black Sea between the Kerch Strait and Sochi area, 93 species of bottom animals have been recorded. Species density ranged from 8 to 33 and, on average, was equal to 18.1±2.3 species/0.3 m2 . Zoobenthos abundance varied from 80 to 713 and was 352±53 ind./m2 , on average. Its biomass fell within the range from 1 to 341 and was 99±26 ind./m2 , on average. Polychaetes showed the highest species richness. Their share out of the total species richness of the zoobenthos was 30. Bivalve molluscs prevailed in terms of abundance and biomass. Their average share was 43–60 % of the total abundance and 78–96 of the total biomass of zoobenthos.
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Russell, Katherine A. "Investigating the influence of geospatial attributes on spider species richness and diversity." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.115205.

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XU, Xiang, Hua-yong ZHANG, and Hai-bao XU. "Patterns of plant species richness for nature reserves in subtropical zone, China." In The 2015 International Conference on Materials Engineering and Environmental Science (MEES2015). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814759984_0070.

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Reports on the topic "Species richness"

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Patton, David R., Richard W. Hofstetter, John D. Bailey, and Mary Ann Benoit. Species richness and variety of life in Arizona’s ponderosa pine forest type. Ft. Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rmrs-gtr-332.

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Isbell, Forest I., and Brian J. Wilsey. Increasing Native Plant Species Richness can Increase Ecosystem Multifunctionality under Intense Livestock Grazing. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-1266.

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Kerr, J. T., T. R. E. Southwood, and J. Cihlar. Remotely sensed habitat diversity predicts butterfly species richness and community similarity in Canada. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/219886.

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Guilfoyle, Michael, Ruth Beck, Bill Williams, Shannon Reinheimer, Lyle Burgoon, Samuel Jackson, Sherwin Beck, Burton Suedel, and Richard Fischer. Birds of the Craney Island Dredged Material Management Area, Portsmouth, Virginia, 2008-2020. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45604.

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This report presents the results of a long-term trend analyses of seasonal bird community data from a monitoring effort conducted on the Craney Island Dredged Material Management Area (CIDMMA) from 2008 to 2020, Portsmouth, VA. The USACE Richmond District collaborated with the College of William and Mary and the Coastal Virginia Wildlife Observatory, Waterbird Team, to conduct year-round semimonthly area counts of the CIDMMA to examine species presence and population changes overtime. This effort provides information on the importance of the area to numerous bird species and bird species’ groups and provides an index to those species and group showing significant changes in populations during the monitoring period. We identified those species regionally identified as Highest, High, and Moderate Priority Species based on their status as rare, sensitive, or in need of conservation attention as identified by the Atlantic Coast Joint Venture (ACJV), Bird Conservation Region (BCR), New England/Mid-Atlantic Bird Conservation Area (BCR 30). Of 134 ranked priority species in the region, the CIDMMA supported 102 of 134 (76%) recognized in the BCR, including 16 of 19 (84%) of Highest priority ranked species, 47 of 60 (78.3%) of High priority species, and 39 of 55 (71%) of Moderate priority species for BCR 30. All bird count and species richness data collected were fitted to a negative binomial (mean abundance) or Poisson distribution (mean species richness) and a total of 271 species and over 1.5 million birds were detected during the monitoring period. Most all bird species and species groups showed stable or increasing trends during the monitoring period. These results indicate that the CIDMMA is an important site that supports numerous avian species of local and regional conservation concern throughout the year.
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Leis, Sherry, and Mary Short. George Washington Carver National Monument plant community report: 2004–2020. Edited by Tani Hubbard. National Park Service, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2288500.

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The Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network completed its sixth year of plant community monitoring at George Washington Carver National Monument in 2020. Plant community monitoring focused on the restored prairie community. We visited seven monitoring sites in each of the six years and collected data on plant species and ground cover. In this report we also included two environmental factors—precipitation and recent fire history—to better understand the vegetation community status and trends. Since 2000, precipitation has often been below the 30-year normal. Moreover, annual precipitation was below normal for all but one of the monitoring years. We found that the drought in 2012 stood out as possibly influencing plant guild cover. Although prairies are adapted to drought, further analyses might reveal more about the role of climate change in these vegetation communities. Fire management also plays an important role in shaping plant communities. Prescribed fire occurrence became more frequent and consistent through the period of plant monitoring. Additional treatments, including herbicide and mowing, also supported a healthy prairie. The prairie plant community continues to be moderately diverse despite recent increases in tree seedlings and small saplings. Species richness in 2012 was different than in two of the six years monitored. However, diversity indices (H′ and J′) were very similar across monitored years. Species guilds (also known as functional groups) exhibited differing patterns. Woody plants, long a concern at the monument, were statistically similar across years. In 2020, grass-like species increased, but grass species appeared to have declined below prior years. Grass cover in 2004 was statistically different (greater) than in 2008 and 2020. The reasons for this are not clear. Of particular interest to the park is the status of two sumac species (Rhus glabra and R. copallinum). These species were in decline as a result of focused management actions since 2012. However, the blackberry species (Rubus spp.) seemed to be replacing the sumac in some sites. In 2020, nonnative species richness and cover were below peak levels, demonstrating management actions have been successful in maintaining low levels. The vegetation monitoring protocol experienced some changes between 2004 and 2020. A key difference was a shift from sampling twice during the field season to sampling only once in a monitoring year. Although a decline in species richness was anticipated, that pattern was not apparent. However, the abundance of grasses may have been affected by the shift in seasonality of sampling. Additionally, we remedied inconsistencies in how tree regeneration was recorded (stem tallies in some cases and cover estimates in other cases). We converted all cover data to stem tallies and density was calculated to be consistent with the protocol. The monument has had success with coordinating fire management and invasive species management. A decrease in sumac across the prairie is evidence of this success. These actions will continue to be important for maintaining the prairie in good condition into the future.
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6

Margenau, Eric, and Lenza Paul. A 23-year summary of a Monitoring Avian Productivity and Survivorship (MAPS) bird banding site in New River Gorge National River, West Virginia. National Park Service, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2287051.

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Long-term bird banding data were collected from 1996–2019 (except in 2008) to assess the New River riparian zone avian community in one location in New River Gorge National River (NERI). The NERI banding station has banded over 4,500 individuals over 10,700 net hours in the twenty-three years it has been in operation and has captured 80 different species. Total captures, capture rate, and total species have been declining annually over the study period. Species associated with early-successional/shrubland habitat also declined over the study period, which is consistent with regional trends during the same time frame. Species richness of habitat guilds did not change over the study period within specific major habitat types. Capture metrics of Louisiana Waterthrush, an obligate riparian species, did increase over the study period. Continued banding will further provide information to assist in local management and contribute to regional data.
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7

Leis, Sherry. Vegetation community monitoring trends in restored tallgrass prairie at Wilson’s Creek National Battlefield: 2008–2020. National Park Service, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293117.

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Plant community monitoring at Wilson’s Creek National Battlefield (NB) focused on the restored tallgrass prairie community. Six monitoring sites were visited four times and observations of plant species and ground cover were made. In addition to those observations, we included two environmental factors in this report—precipitation and recent fire history—to help understand the vegetation data status and trends. Precipitation data (standardized vegetation index) indicated drought conditions in 2012 and some dry periods in 2016. Although prairies are adapted to drought, we found that species richness at the site and community scales (alpha and gamma diversity) were reduced in dry years. Fire management also plays an important role in shaping the plant communities. Prescribed fire occurrence became less frequent through the monitoring period. Also, additional treatments, including herbicide and mowing, likely shaped the prairie community. Tree regeneration and nonnative plants in particular may have been affected by these techniques. The prairie plant community continues to be moderately diverse despite recent increases in tree seedlings and small saplings. Species richness varied over time and was correlated with precipitation; diversity indices (H′ and J′) were similar across monitored years. Species guilds (also known as functional groups) demonstrated differing patterns. Woody plants, long a concern at the park, were abundant and statistically similar across years. Many guilds were quite variable across the sites, but nonnative forbs declined, and nonnative grasses increased. Overstory trees and canopy cover, measured for the first time in 2020, have likely influenced the composition of one site. The composition of this site points to a shrubland-savanna community. Four of the sites tended towards shrubland rather than tallgrass prairie. The vegetation monitoring protocol experienced some changes between 2008 and 2020. A key difference was a shift from sampling twice during the field season to sampling only once in a monitoring year. An anticipated decline in species richness was observed in 2012 and 2016, but we were unable to isolate sample design as the cause. Additionally, we remedied inconsistencies in how tree regeneration was recorded by tallying seedlings and saplings in the field. Our quality assurance procedures indicated that our observer error from pseudoturnover was 20.2%, meeting our expectations. Cover class estimates agreed 73% of the time, with all disagreements within one cover class. Coordinating management actions to achieve plant community goals like structure and composition of tallgrass prairie will be critical to the survival of the prairie species at the park. Fire and nonnative plant treatments along with the reduction of woody cover including trees are needed to arrest the transition to savanna and woodland community types. Frequent prescribed fire is an integral process for this community and there is no equivalent substitute. Continued focus on management for the desired tallgrass prairie community will also provide needed habitat for imperiled pollinators such as the monarch butterfly. Best management practices for pollinators on federal lands specify that treatments (prescribed fire, mowing or haying) should not occur during the blooming season or when pollinator breeding, egg, larval or pupal stages are present.
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8

Broshot, Nancy. The Effects of Urbanization and Human Disturbance Upon Plant Community Structure and Bird Species Richness, Diversity, and Abundance in a Natural Forested Area (Forest Park) in Portland, Oregon. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5846.

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9

Peitz, David, and Naomi Reibold. Bird community monitoring at Wilson’s Creek National Battlefield, Missouri: Status report 2008–2020. Edited by Tani Hubbard. National Park Service, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2287875.

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Breeding bird surveys were initiated on Wilson’s Creek National Monument, Missouri, in 2008 to assess temporal changes in the species composition and abundance of birds on the park and to improve our understanding of relationships between breeding birds and their habitat and the effects of management actions, such as invasive plant species control and tree thinning, on bird populations. Birds were sampled using point counts with 38 variable circular plots located on a systematic grid of 400 x 400-m cells (originating from a random start point). All birds seen or heard on a plot during a 5-min sampling period were recorded. In the 13 years since initiating our breeding bird survey, birds were surveyed on as many of the 38 variable circular plots as possible each year, resulting in 444 cumulative plot visits. Surveys have yielded records for 119 different species of birds. Ninety-eight of the species recorded are classified as permanent or summer residents to the area, 18 are classified as transients in the area, and 3 as winter residents to the area. Eight breeding species recorded are considered species of conservation concern for the Central Hardwoods Bird Conservation Region, the bird conservation region in which Wilson’s Creek National Battlefield is located. Of the 98 breeding species recorded, 12 species in grassland habitat and 15 in woodland habitat occurred in numbers large enough to calculate annual abundances with some degree of confidence. Trends in abundance were classified as uncertain for most species, which means that no significant increases or decreases occurred but it is not certain that trends were <5% per year. The Indigo Bunting (Passerina cyanea) population in grassland habitat was stable. The Eastern Towhee (Pipilo erythrophthalmus) and Eastern Wood-pewee (Contopus virens) populations in woodland habitat were in moderate decline. Comparing population trends on the park with regional trends for the Central Hardwoods Bird Conservation Region suggests that the bird community at Wilson’s Creek National Battlefield is faring similarly to that of the region as a whole. Stable diversity, richness, and evenness values suggest that the park’s habitat has remained consistent in its ability to meet the requirements of many of the park’s breeding bird species. Any decline in species richness could reflect habitat management practices, but it could also reflect the influences of larger-scale factors such as weather or climatic conditions on vegetation. Therefore, continued monitoring of birds and their habitats on Wilson’s Creek National Battlefield as management and weather and climatic conditions change is essential for park management.
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10

Bortz, Tyler, Molly Davis, and Ryan Manuel. Plant community composition and structure monitoring at Fort Laramie National Historic Site: 2020 data report. National Park Service, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrds-2293003.

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This report presents the results of vegetation monitoring efforts in 2020 at Fort Laramie National Historic Site (FOLA) by the Northern Great Plains Inventory and Monitoring Network (NGPN) and the United States Geological Survey (USGS). This was the tenth year of combined monitoring efforts. Crew members from USGS visited 9 long-term monitoring plots to collect data on the plant communities at FOLA. This work is part of a long-term monitoring effort designed to provide a better understanding of the condition of the vegetation community at FOLA and how it changes over time. USGS staff measured species richness, herb-layer height, native and non-native species abundance, ground cover, and site disturbance at each of the nine plots. In plots where woody species were present, tree regeneration, tall shrub density, tree density, and woody fuel loads were also measured. Data collection at seven plots was incomplete, where only point-intercept, site disturbance, and invasive species presence data were collected, while in two plots the previously listed protocols as well as the quadrat protocol were performed. In 2020, the monitoring crews identified 44 unique plant species in 9 monitoring plots. Of those species, 19 were exotic species. In a majority of plots (5 of 9), there was a greater percent of native species cover compared to exotic species cover. However, exotic plants were found at every plot in FOLA. No rare species were observed during our surveys
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