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Journal articles on the topic 'Species displacement'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 27 April 2022

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1

Lundberg, Sigfrid, and Nils Chr Stenseth. "Coevolution of competing species: Ecological character displacement." Theoretical Population Biology 27, no. 2 (April 1985): 105–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-5809(85)90006-1.

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2

Huxel, Gary R. "Rapid displacement of native species by invasive species: effects of hybridization." Biological Conservation 89, no. 2 (July 1999): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3207(98)00153-0.

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3

Gotoh, Tetsuo, Masumi Hanawa, Sayaka Shimazaki, Natsuki Yokoyama, Chun-Qing Fu, Reo Sugawara, and Shuichi Yano. "Factors determining species displacement of related predatory mite species (Acari: Phytoseiidae)." Experimental and Applied Acarology 63, no. 2 (February 11, 2014): 205–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10493-014-9769-z.

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4

McLain, Denson Kelly, and Donald J. Shure. "Pseudocompetition: Interspecific Displacement of Insect Species through Misdirected Courtship." Oikos 49, no. 3 (July 1987): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3565763.

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5

Jaeger, Robert G., Ethan D. Prosen, and Dean C. Adams. "Character Displacement and Aggression in Two Species ofTerrestrial Salamanders." Copeia 2002, no. 2 (May 2002): 391–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1643/0045-8511(2002)002[0391:cdaait]2.0.co;2.

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6

Ferretti, Francesco, and Emiliano Mori. "Displacement interference between wild ungulate species: does it occur?" Ethology Ecology & Evolution 32, no. 1 (November 4, 2019): 2–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03949370.2019.1680447.

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7

Matthew, Richard, Elaine (Lan Yin) Hsiao, Philippe Le Billon, and Galeo Saintz. "Species on the Move: Environmental Change, Displacement and Conservation." Annals of the American Association of Geographers 112, no. 3 (February 9, 2022): 654–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/24694452.2021.1999200.

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8

Nilsson, Christer, and Gunnel Grelsson. "The effects of litter displacement on riverbank vegetation." Canadian Journal of Botany 68, no. 4 (April 1, 1990): 735–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b90-097.

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The hypotheses that litter deposition on riverbanks would depend on riverbank features and that litter mass would affect riverbank vegetation were tested by sampling vegetation, litter, and soil along a seventh-order stretch of the unregulated Vindel River in northern Sweden. Sampling was carried out within a horizontal litter gradient at the top of the riverbank where most of the litter deposition occurs. The amount of leaf litter left on the riverbank after flooding was significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with soil organic matter. In contrast, wood litter mass and total litter mass were not correlated (P > 0.05) with riverbank features such as soil organic matter, riverbank slope, or stem density. Species richness, species diversity, and the proportions of stemmed and nonstemmed species showed quadratic relationships (P < 0.05) with leaf litter mass, whereas ground vegetation cover decreased monotonically (P < 0.05) with increasing leaf litter mass. Tall, stemmed species were most frequent at eroded sites with low amounts of leaf litter and at sites where leaf litter had accumulated. In contrast, the highest proportion of low-growing species was found at sites with intermediate leaf litter masses. Community characteristics such as species richness, species diversity, and the proportions of stemmed and nonstemmed species (but not ground vegetation cover) were less strongly correlated with wood litter mass and total litter mass. Linear equations explained about half of the variation in ground vegetation cover along gradients of wood and total litter masses. Density and richness of seeds increased with increasing litter mass. We discuss the litter effects in terms of productivity and disturbance and conclude that flooding in pristine rivers may exert a considerable influence on riverbank vegetation as a result of litter displacement.

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9

Tukiainen, Pekka, and Mark Hughes. "The fracture behavior of birch and spruce in the radial-tangential crack propagation direction at the scale of the growth ring." Holzforschung 67, no. 6 (August 1, 2013): 673–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2012-0139.

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Abstract Crack-tip displacement fields have been computed based on digital image correlation for spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) and birch (Betula pendula Roth.) wood, which were submitted to pure mode I loading in the RT-direction under both green and air-dried conditions. Moreover, crack propagation was modeled based on both linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) and nonlinear fracture mechanics, relying on the fictitious crack model (FCM). The measured and modeled load versus the crack-mouth opening displacement (CMOD) curves and displacement fields were compared. In the case of spruce, the load-CMOD curves simulated by the FCM coincide well with the measured ones. On the contrary, measured near crack-tip displacement fields in both green and air-dried spruce are better comparable with the LEFM predictions than with the FCM predictions. In the case of green birch, the simulated FCM curve follows the measured curve quite well, but in air-dried birch the simulated FCM curve has a better fit than the LEFM-curve only before maximum load. In birch, the FCM predicts the displacement fields better than the LEFM. In both species, moisture content has a big effect on the softening behavior. In both spruce and birch, the FCM overestimates the displacements ahead of crack tip, whereas the LEFM model underestimates the displacements.

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10

Evans, Edward W. "HABITAT DISPLACEMENT OF NORTH AMERICAN LADYBIRDS BY AN INTRODUCED SPECIES." Ecology 85, no. 3 (March 2004): 637–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/03-0230.

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11

Liu, Kai, Xiumei Su, and Jianzhong Huo. "Chromogenic Sensors for Anionic Species Based on Indicator Displacement Approach." Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry 9, no. 1 (February 1, 2012): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157019312799079901.

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12

Melville, Jane. "Competition and character displacement in two species of scincid lizards." Ecology Letters 5, no. 3 (May 2002): 386–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1461-0248.2002.00328.x.

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13

Leary, Christopher J. "Investigating opposing patterns of character displacement in release and advertisement vocalizations of Bufo fowleri and Bufo americanus (Anura; Bufonidae)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 79, no. 9 (September 1, 2001): 1577–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z01-115.

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Anuran release vocalizations function to prevent prolonged amplexus between males, whereas advertisement vocalizations potentially act as a premating isolation mechanism. To facilitate rapid release during heterospecific amplexus, selection should favor convergent character displacement in release vocalizations. Conversely, to promote isolation between sympatric congeners, selection should favor divergent character displacement in advertisement vocalizations. I examined properties of release and advertisement vocalizations of Bufo fowleri and Bufo americanus that are important in mate recognition (periodicity and dominant frequency) to determine if the two calls exhibit opposing patterns of character displacement. Release vocalizations showed no pattern of displacement. The periodicity of sympatric advertisement vocalizations differed from that of allopatric vocalizations for B. americanus but not for B. fowleri. However, the results were not consistent with the pattern expected for divergent character displacement because the two species differed in this parameter in allopatry. These results are compared with published reports of char acter displacement in the B. americanus species-group in the context of a possible mosaic hybrid zone for these species.

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14

Meng, Jie, Jacob D. Wickham, Wanlan Ren, Lilin Zhao, and Jianghua Sun. "Species displacement facilitated by ascarosides between two sympatric sibling species: a native and invasive nematode." Journal of Pest Science 93, no. 3 (February 21, 2020): 1059–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10340-020-01206-w.

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15

Lim, An Eng, and Yee Cheong Lam. "Electroosmotic Flow Hysteresis for Fluids with Dissimilar pH and Ionic Species." Micromachines 12, no. 9 (August 28, 2021): 1031. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12091031.

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Electroosmotic flow (EOF) involving displacement of multiple fluids is employed in micro-/nanofluidic applications. There are existing investigations on EOF hysteresis, i.e., flow direction-dependent behavior. However, none so far have studied the solution pair system of dissimilar ionic species with substantial pH difference. They exhibit complicated hysteretic phenomena. In this study, we investigate the EOF of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3, alkaline) and sodium chloride (NaCl, slightly acidic) solution pair via current monitoring technique. A developed slip velocity model with a modified wall condition is implemented with finite element simulations. Quantitative agreements between experimental and simulation results are obtained. Concentration evolutions of NaHCO3–NaCl follow the dissimilar anion species system. When NaCl displaces NaHCO3, EOF reduces due to the displacement of NaHCO3 with high pH (high absolute zeta potential). Consequently, NaCl is not fully displaced into the microchannel. When NaHCO3 displaces NaCl, NaHCO3 cannot displace into the microchannel as NaCl with low pH (low absolute zeta potential) produces slow EOF. These behaviors are independent of the applied electric field. However, complete displacement tends to be achieved by lowering the NaCl concentration, i.e., increasing its zeta potential. In contrast, the NaHCO3 concentration has little impact on the displacement process. These findings enhance the understanding of EOF involving solutions with dissimilar pH and ion species.

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16

Anderson, Christopher N., and Gregory F. Grether. "Character displacement in the fighting colours of Hetaerina damselflies." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 277, no. 1700 (June 30, 2010): 3669–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.0935.

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Aggression between species is a seldom-considered but potentially widespread mechanism of character displacement in secondary sexual characters. Based on previous research showing that similarity in wing coloration directly influences interspecific territorial aggression in Hetaerina damselflies, we predicted that wing coloration would show a pattern of character displacement (divergence in sympatry). A geographical survey of four Hetaerina damselfly species in Mexico and Texas showed evidence for character displacement in both species pairs that regularly occurs sympatrically. Hetaerina titia , a species that typically has large black wing spots and small red wing spots, shifted to having even larger black spots and smaller red wing spots at sites where a congener with large red wing spots is numerically dominant ( Hetaerina americana or Hetaerina occisa ). Hetaerina americana showed the reverse pattern, shifting towards larger red wing spots where H. titia is numerically dominant. This pattern is consistent with the process of agonistic character displacement, but the ontogenetic basis of the shift remains to be demonstrated.

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17

Goergen, Craig J., Bonnie L. Johnson, Joan M. Greve, Charles A. Taylor, and Christopher K. Zarins. "Increased Anterior Abdominal Aortic Wall Motion: Possible Role in Aneurysm Pathogenesis and Design of Endovascular Devices." Journal of Endovascular Therapy 14, no. 4 (August 2007): 574–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152660280701400421.

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Purpose: To determine whether variations in aortic wall motion exist in mammalian species other than humans and to consider the potential implications of such variations. Methods: M-mode ultrasound was used to measure abdominal aortic wall motion in 4 animal species [mice (n=10), rats (n=8), rabbits (n=7), and pigs (n=5)], and humans (n=6). Anterior wall displacement, posterior wall displacement, and diastolic diameter were measured. The ratio of displacement to diameter and cyclic strain were calculated. Results: Body mass varied from 24.1±2.4 g (mouse) to 61.8±13.4 kg (human); aortic diameter varied from 0.53±0.07 mm (mouse) to 1.2±1 mm (human). Anterior wall displacement was 2.5 to 4.0 times greater than posterior among the species studied. The ratios of wall displacement to diastolic diameter were similar for the anterior (range 9.40%–11.80%) and posterior (range 2.49%–3.91%) walls among species. The ratio of anterior to posterior displacement (range 2.47–4.03) and aortic wall circumferential cyclic strain (range 12.1%–15.7%) were also similar. An allometric scaling exponent was experimentally derived relating anterior wall (0.377±0.032, R2=0.94) and posterior wall (0.378±0.037, R2=0.93) displacement to body mass. Conclusion: Abdominal aortic wall dynamics are similar in animals and humans regardless of aortic size, with more anterior than posterior wall motion. Wall displacement increases linearly with diameter, but allometrically with body mass. These data suggest increased dynamic strain of the anterior wall. Increased strain, corresponding to increased elastin fatigue, may help explain why human abdominal aortic aneurysms initially develop anteriorly. Aortic wall motion should be considered when developing endovascular devices, since asymmetric motion may affect device migration, fixation, and sealing.

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18

Jansen, Martin, Martin Plath, Francisco Brusquetti, and Michael Joseph Ryan. "Asymmetric frequency shift in advertisement calls of sympatric frogs." Amphibia-Reptilia 37, no. 2 (2016): 137–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685381-00003038.

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Character displacement is commonly observed when species occur in secondary contact zones and traits related to resource competition or reproduction diverge in sympatry. However, few studies have considered the factors determining and delimiting the direction of character evolution in this context. We studied displacement in advertisement calls in two species of hylid frogs from allopatric and sympatric populations, both of which call with similar frequencies but differ substantially in temporal parameters. We found asymmetrical character displacement in sympatry, as only Scinax madeirae (but not S. fuscomarginatus) repeatedly showed displacement. Instead of diverging in already existing differences in temporal characters, S. madeirae showed character displacement for frequency-related characters. We explored possible reasons for this specific pattern concerning the displaced characters and tested if socio-functional constraints in specific call parameters are responsible for the shift of only spectral parameters in that species. Finally, we argue that the simultaneous action of ecological and reproductive character displacement, or alternatively, a short-term behavioral response for the same reason (avoidance of hybridization) could explain the pattern. The present study identifies a set of new hypotheses that will stimulate future research on mechanisms of mate recognition and behavioral responses.

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19

RICE, A. M., and D. W. PFENNIG. "Analysis of range expansion in two species undergoing character displacement: why might invaders generally ‘win’ during character displacement?" Journal of Evolutionary Biology 21, no. 3 (May 2008): 696–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01518.x.

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20

Anderson, Sean A. S., and Jason T. Weir. "Character displacement drives trait divergence in a continental fauna." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 20 (May 7, 2021): e2021209118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2021209118.

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Coexisting (sympatric) pairs of closely related species are often characterized by exaggerated trait differences. This widespread pattern is consistent with adaptation for reduced similarity due to costly interactions (i.e., “character displacement”)—a classic hypothesis in evolutionary theory. But it is equally consistent with a community assembly bias in which lineages with greater trait differences are more likely to establish overlapping ranges in the first place (i.e., “species sorting”), as well as with null expectations of trait divergence through time. Few comparative analyses have explicitly modeled these alternatives, and it remains unclear whether trait divergence is a general prerequisite for sympatry or a consequence of interactions between sympatric species. Here, we develop statistical models that allow us to distinguish the signature of these processes based on patterns of trait divergence in closely related lineage pairs. We compare support for each model using a dataset of bill shape differences in 207 pairs of New World terrestrial birds representing 30 avian families. We find that character displacement models are overwhelmingly supported over species sorting and null expectations, indicating that exaggerated bill shape differences in sympatric pairs result from enhanced divergent selection in sympatry. We additionally detect a latitudinal gradient in character displacement, which appears strongest in the tropics. Our analysis implicates costly species interactions as powerful drivers of trait divergence in a major vertebrate fauna. These results help substantiate a long-standing but equivocally supported linchpin of evolutionary theory.

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21

Pfennig, Karin S., and Alyssa B. Stewart. "Asymmetric reproductive character displacement in male aggregation behaviour." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, no. 1716 (December 22, 2010): 2348–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.2196.

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Reproductive character displacement—the evolution of traits that minimize reproductive interactions between species—can promote striking divergence in male signals or female mate preferences between populations that do and do not occur with heterospecifics. However, reproductive character displacement can affect other aspects of mating behaviour. Indeed, avoidance of heterospecific interactions might contribute to spatial (or temporal) aggregation of conspecifics. We examined this possibility in two species of hybridizing spadefoot toad (genus Spea ). We found that in Spea bombifrons sympatric males were more likely than allopatric males to associate with calling males. Moreover, contrary to allopatric males, sympatric S. bombifrons males preferentially associated with conspecific male calls. By contrast, Spea multiplicata showed no differences between sympatry and allopatry in likelihood to associate with calling males. Further, sympatric and allopatric males did not differ in preference for conspecifics. However, allopatric S. multiplicata were more variable than sympatric males in their responses. Thus, in S. multiplicata , character displacement may have refined pre-existing aggregation behaviour. Our results suggest that heterospecific interactions can foster aggregative behaviour that might ultimately contribute to clustering of conspecifics. Such clustering can generate spatial or temporal segregation of reproductive activities among species and ultimately promote reproductive isolation.

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22

Milligan, Brook G. "Evolutionary Divergence and Character Displacement in Two Phenotypically- Variable, Competing Species." Evolution 39, no. 6 (November 1985): 1207. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2408778.

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23

Milligan, Brook G. "EVOLUTIONARY DIVERGENCE AND CHARACTER DISPLACEMENT IN TWO PHENOTYPICALLY-VARIABLE, COMPETING SPECIES." Evolution 39, no. 6 (November 1985): 1207–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1985.tb05687.x.

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24

de Blois, Sandra T., Melinda A. Novak, and Melanie Bond. "Can memory requirements account for species' differences in invisible displacement tasks?" Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes 25, no. 2 (1999): 168–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0097-7403.25.2.168.

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25

Gao, Yulin, Stuart R. Reitz, Qingbo Wei, Wenyan Yu, and Zhongren Lei. "Insecticide-Mediated Apparent Displacement between Two Invasive Species of Leafminer Fly." PLoS ONE 7, no. 5 (May 25, 2012): e36622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0036622.

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26

Vavilin, V. A. "Displacement Phenomenon of Slow and Fast Growing Species in Microorganisms Association." Acta Hydrochimica et Hydrobiologica 13, no. 1 (1985): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aheh.19850130111.

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27

Abe, Yoshihisa, and Susumu Tokumaru. "Displacement in two invasive species of leafminer fly in different localities." Biological Invasions 10, no. 7 (September 26, 2007): 951–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-007-9173-2.

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28

Kajtoch, Łukasz, Michał Żmihorski, and Paweł Wieczorek. "Habitat displacement effect between two competing owl species in fragmented forests." Population Ecology 57, no. 3 (June 18, 2015): 517–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10144-015-0497-y.

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29

Huang, Hsin-Fu, and Chun-Liang Lai. "Enhancement of mass transport and separation of species by oscillatory electroosmotic flows." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 462, no. 2071 (February 21, 2006): 2017–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2006.1668.

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Mass transport driven by oscillatory electroosmotic flows (EOF) in a two-dimensional micro-channel is studied theoretically. The results indicate that the velocity and concentration distributions across the channel-width become more and more non-uniform as the Womersley number W , or the oscillation frequency, increases. It is also revealed that, with a constant tidal displacement, the total mass transport rate increases with the Womersley number W due to both the stronger convective and the transverse dispersion effects. The total mass transport rate also increases with the tidal displacement (with a fixed oscillation frequency) because of the associated stronger convective effects. The cross-over phenomenon of the mass transport rates for different species becomes possible with sufficiently large Debye lengths and at sufficiently large values of W . Consequently, with proper choices of the Debye length, oscillation frequency and tidal displacement, oscillatory EOF may become a good candidate for the first-step separation of the mass species.

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30

Pfennig, Karin S., and Amber M. Rice. "Reinforcement generates reproductive isolation between neighbouring conspecific populations of spadefoot toads." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1789 (August 22, 2014): 20140949. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.0949.

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Reproductive character displacement is the adaptive evolution of traits that minimize deleterious reproductive interactions between species. When arising from selection to avoid hybridization, this process is referred to as reinforcement. Reproductive character displacement generates divergence not only between interacting species, but also between conspecific populations that are sympatric with heterospecifics versus those that are allopatric. Consequently, such conspecific populations can become reproductively isolated. We compared female mate preferences in, and evaluated gene flow between, neighbouring populations of spadefoot toads that did and did not occur with heterospecifics (mixed- and pure-species populations, respectively). We found that in mixed-species populations females significantly preferred conspecifics. Such females also tended to prefer a conspecific call character that was dissimilar from heterospecifics. By contrast, females from pure-species populations did not discriminate conspecific from heterospecific calls. They also preferred a more exaggerated conspecific call character that resembles heterospecific males. Moreover, gene flow was significantly reduced between mixed- and pure-species population types. Thus, character displacement (and, more specifically, reinforcement) may initiate reproductive isolation between conspecific populations that differ in interactions with heterospecifics.

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31

Westrop, Stephen R., James V. Tremblay, and Ed Landing. "Declining importance of trilobites in Ordovician nearshore communities: displacement or dilution?" Paleontological Society Special Publications 6 (1992): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200008704.

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Declining importance of trilobites was a key feature of Ordovician community “evolution”. Previous work has shown that replacement of trilobite-dominated communities by mollusc- and brachiopod-dominated communities was diachronous, occurring initially in nearshore settings. The processes responsible for these changes remain unclear, although many previous discussions have invoked some form of displacement of dominants of one community by those of another.New data from more than thirty large collections made from nearshore facies at five localities in Canada and the northern United States indicate that, in this setting, trilobite species diversity maintained a constant low level (mean and mode of 3 species) between the Early Upper Cambrian (Marjuman) and the Late Middle Ordovician (Blackriveran). Reorganization of nearshore communites proceeded by addition of new elements, especially molluscs, from the Late Cambrian (Sunwaptan) onwards. Decline in the relative importance of trilobites was a case of dilution as species of new clades accumulated, rather than actual displacement. Trilobites appear to have been passive bystanders in Ordovician nearshore community “evolution”. Towards the end of the Ordovician, trilobites vacated nearshore environments in the Appalachian region. However, this appears to be related to environmental changes associated with progradation of clastic wedges during the development of the Taconic foreland basin.A process of dilution may at least partly explain the offshore retreat of trilobite-dominated assemblages during the Ordovician. Offshore trilobite assemblages reached much greater species diversity than those of nearshore settings, so that their dilution via the addition of species of newly radiating clades would have proceeded more slowly. That is, trilobite-dominated paleocommunities may have persisted into the Ordovician in the outer shelf simply because this was the region in which, historically, they attained maximum species richness. Moreover, given the existence of a general pattern of increasing total species diversity of communities from nearshore to offshore sites, the tendency for newly radiating clades to attain maximum species richness offshore is not surprising: they are merely conforming to a general, environmentally-related diversity gradient that has existed throughout the Phanerozoic.

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32

Zambre, Amod M., Akshay Khandekar, Rajesh Sanap, Clairissa O'Brien, Emilie C. Snell-Rood, and Maria Thaker. "Asymmetric interspecific competition drives shifts in signalling traits in fan-throated lizards." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1940 (December 9, 2020): 20202141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.2141.

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Interspecific competition can occur when species are unable to distinguish between conspecific and heterospecific mates or competitors when they occur in sympatry. Selection in response to interspecific competition can lead to shifts in signalling traits—a process called agonistic character displacement. In two fan-throated lizard species— Sitana laticeps and Sarada darwini —females are morphologically indistinguishable and male agonistic signalling behaviour is similar. Consequently, in areas where these species overlap, males engage in interspecific aggressive interactions. To test whether interspecific male aggression between Si. laticeps and Sa. darwini results in agonistic character displacement, we quantified species recognition and signalling behaviour using staged encounter assays with both conspecifics and heterospecifics across sympatric and allopatric populations of both species. We found an asymmetric pattern, wherein males of Si. laticeps but not Sa. darwini showed differences in competitor recognition and agonistic signalling traits (morphology and behaviour) in sympatry compared with allopatry. This asymmetric shift in traits is probably due to differences in competitive abilities between species and can minimize competitive interactions in zones of sympatry. Overall, our results support agonistic character displacement, and highlight the role of asymmetric interspecific competition in driving shifts in social signals.

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33

Cozzolino, Salvatore, Giovanni Scopece, Pierluigi Cortis, Maria Rosaria Barone Lumaga, Donata Cafasso, and Manfred Ayasse. "Reproductive character displacement allows two sexually deceptive orchids to coexist and attract the same specific pollinator." Evolutionary Ecology 36, no. 2 (February 19, 2022): 217–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10682-021-10149-2.

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AbstractAn increased divergence in characters between species in secondary contact can be shaped by selection against competition for a common resource (ecological character displacement, ECD) or against maladapted hybridization (reproductive character displacement, RCD). These selective pressures can act between incipient species (reinforcement) or well-separated species that already completed the speciation process, but that can still hybridize and produce maladapted hybrids. Here, we investigated two well-separated sexually deceptive orchid species that, unusually, share their specific pollinator. Sympatric individuals of these species are more divergent than allopatric ones in floral characters involved in a mechanical isolating barrier, a pattern suggestive of RCD. To experimentally test this scenario, we built an artificial sympatric population with allopatric individuals. We measured flower characters, genotyped the offspring in natural and artificial sympatry and estimated fertility of hybrids. Different from naturally sympatric individuals, allopatric individuals in artificial sympatry hybridized widely. Hybrids showed lower pollination success and seed viability than parentals. Character displacement did not affect plant pollination success. These findings suggest that RCD evolved between these species to avoid hybridization and that selection on reinforcement may be very strong even in plants with highly specialized pollination.

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34

MARSTELLER, SARA, DEAN C. ADAMS, MICHAEL L. COLLYER, and MARTY CONDON. "Six cryptic species on a single species of host plant: morphometric evidence for possible reproductive character displacement." Ecological Entomology 34, no. 1 (February 2009): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.2008.01047.x.

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35

Moran, Rachel L., and Rebecca C. Fuller. "Agonistic character displacement of genetically based male colour patterns across darters." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1884 (August 2018): 20181248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.1248.

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Agonistic character displacement (ACD) occurs when selection to avoid maladaptive interspecific aggression leads to the evolution of agonistic signals and/or associated behavioural biases in sympatry. Here, we test for a pattern consistent with ACD in male colour pattern in darters (Percidae: Etheostoma ). Male colour pattern has been shown to function in male–male competition rather than female mating preferences in several darter species. Additionally, males bias their aggression towards conspecific over heterospecific males in sympatry but not in allopatry, consistent with divergent ACD in male behavioural biases. We use a common garden approach to show that differences in male colour pattern among four closely related darter species are genetically based. Additionally, we demonstrate that some aspects of male colour pattern exhibit enhanced differences in sympatric compared to allopatric populations of two darter species, consistent with ACD. However, other male colour traits are more similar between species in sympatry compared with allopatry, indicating that not all signal components are under strong divergent selection in sympatry. This study provides evidence that interspecific male–male aggressive interactions alone can promote elaborate male signal evolution both between and within species. We discuss the implications this has for male-driven ACD and cascade ACD.

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Neupane, Lok Nath, Joohee Park, Pramod Kumar Mehta, Eun-Taex Oh, Heon Joo Park, and Keun-Hyeung Lee. "Fast and sensitive fluorescent detection of inorganic mercury species and methylmercury using a fluorescent probe based on the displacement reaction of arylboronic acid with the mercury species." Chemical Communications 56, no. 19 (2020): 2941–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cc09240d.

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Dick, Jaimie T. A. "Role of behaviour in biological invasions and species distributions; lessons from interactions between the invasive Gammarus pulex and the native G. duebeni (Crustacea: Amphipoda)." Contributions to Zoology 77, no. 2 (2008): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18759866-07702005.

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In attempting to understand the distributions of both introduced species and the native species on which they impact, there is a growing trend to integrate studies of behaviour with more traditional life history/ecological approaches. The question of what mechanisms drive the displacement of the freshwater amphipod Gammarus duebeni by the often introduced G. pulex is presented as a case study. Patterns of displacement are well documented throughout Europe, but the speed and direction of displacement between these species can be varied. From early studies proposing interspecific competition as causal in these patterns, I review research progress to date. I show there has been no evidence for interspecific competition operating, other than the field patterns themselves, a somewhat tautological argument. Rather, the increased recognition of behavioural attributes with respect to the cannibalistic and predatory nature of these species gave rise to a series of studies unravelling the processes driving field patterns. Both species engage in ‘intraguild predation’ (IGP), with moulting females particularly vulnerable to predation by congeneric males. G. pulex is more able both to engage in and avoid this interaction with G. duebeni. However, several factors mediate the strength and asymmetry of this IGP, some biotic (e.g. parasitism) and others abiotic (e.g. water chemistry). Further, a number of alternative hypotheses that may account for the displacement (hybridization; parasite transmission) have been tested and rejected. While interspecific competition has been modelled mathematically and found to be a weak interaction relative to IGP, mechanisms of competition between these Gammarus species remain largely untested empirically. Since IGP may be finely balanced in some circumstances, I conclude that the challenge to detect interspecific competition remains and we require assessment of its role, if any, in the interaction between these species. Appreciation of behavioural attributes and their mediation should allow us to more fully understand, and perhaps predict, species introductions and resultant distributions.

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Kirschel, Alexander N. G., Emmanuel C. Nwankwo, Nadya Seal, and Gregory F. Grether. "Time spent together and time spent apart affect song, feather colour and range overlap in tinkerbirds." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 129, no. 2 (January 3, 2020): 439–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blz191.

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Abstract Most studies on the processes driving evolutionary diversification highlight the importance of genetic drift in geographical isolation and natural selection across ecological gradients. Direct interactions among related species have received much less attention, but they can lead to character displacement, with recent research identifying patterns of displacement attributed to either ecological or reproductive processes. Together, these processes could explain complex, trait-specific patterns of diversification. Few studies, however, have examined the possible effects of these processes together or compared the divergence in multiple traits between interacting species among contact zones. Here, we show how traits of two Pogoniulus tinkerbird species vary among regions across sub-Saharan Africa. However, in addition to variation between regions consistent with divergence in refugial isolation, both song and morphology diverge between the species where they coexist. In West Africa, where the species are more similar in plumage, there is possible competitive or reproductive exclusion. In Central and East Africa, patterns of variation are consistent with agonistic character displacement. Molecular analyses support the hypothesis that differences in the age of interaction among regions can explain why species have evolved phenotypic differences and coexist in some regions but not others. Our findings suggest that competitive interactions between species and the time spent interacting, in addition to the time spent in refugial isolation, play important roles in explaining patterns of species diversification.

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LOOPE, LLOYD, FOREST STARR, and KIM STARR. "Protecting Endangered Plant Species from Displacement by Invasive Plants on Maui, Hawaii1." Weed Technology 18, sp1 (December 2004): 1472–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/0890-037x(2004)018[1472:pepsfd]2.0.co;2.

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DEVAUX, C., and R. LANDE. "Displacement of flowering phenologies among plant species by competition for generalist pollinators." Journal of Evolutionary Biology 22, no. 7 (July 2009): 1460–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01762.x.

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Yu, Qiming, and Duong D. Do. "Computer simulations of displacement chromatography of systems with species-dependent saturation capacities." Journal of Chromatography A 538, no. 2 (January 1991): 285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(01)88849-x.

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Jayaswal, Vivek, Jamie Jimenez, Robert Magie, Kien Nguyen, Bryan Clifton, Shudan Yeh, and José M. Ranz. "A species‐specific multigene family mediates differential sperm displacement in Drosophila melanogaster." Evolution 72, no. 2 (January 22, 2018): 399–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/evo.13417.

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Ciancaleoni, Gianluca, Massimiliano Arca, Giovanni F. Caramori, Gernot Frenking, Felipe S. S. Schneider, and Vito Lippolis. "Bonding Analysis in Homo- and Hetero-Trihalide Species: A Charge Displacement Study." European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 2016, no. 23 (July 18, 2016): 3804–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejic.201600471.

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Singh, Akanksha, and Bashisth N. Singh. "Sperm displacement in the Drosophila bipectinata species complex: Evidence for interspecific variations." Behavioural Processes 113 (April 2015): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2014.12.009.

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45

Sun, Di-Bing, Yin-Quan Liu, Li Qin, Jing Xu, Fang-Fang Li, and Shu-Sheng Liu. "Competitive displacement between two invasive whiteflies: insecticide application and host plant effects." Bulletin of Entomological Research 103, no. 3 (March 5, 2013): 344–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485312000788.

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AbstractThe cryptic species Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1), formerly referred to as ‘B biotype’, of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci complex entered China in the mid 1990s, and the Mediterranean (MED) cryptic species, formerly referred to as ‘Q biotype’, of the same whitefly complex entered China around 2003. Field surveys in China after 2003 indicate that in many regions MED has been replacing the earlier invader MEAM1. The factors underlying this displacement are unclear. We conducted laboratory experiments and field sampling to examine the effects of insecticide application on the competitive interactions between MEAM1 and MED. In the laboratory, on cotton, a plant showing similar levels of suitability to both whitefly species, MEAM1 displaced MED in five generations when initial populations of the two species were equal and no insecticide was applied. In contrast, MED displaced MEAM1 in seven and two generations, respectively, when 12.5 and 50.0 mg l−1 imidacloprid was applied to the plants via soil drench. Field sampling indicated that in a single season MED displaced MEAM1 on crops heavily sprayed with neonicotinoid insecticides but the relative abundance of the two species changed little on crops without insecticide spray. We also examined the effects of host plants on the competitive interactions between the two species in the laboratory. When cohorts with equal abundance of MEAM1 and MED were set up on different host plants, MEAM1 displaced MED on cabbage and tomato in five and seven generations, respectively, but MED displaced MEAM1 on pepper in two generations. As field populations of MED have lower susceptibility than those of MEAM1 to nearly all commonly used insecticides including imidacloprid, insecticide application seems to have played a major role in shifting the species competitive interaction effects in favour of MED in the field across China. Host plants may also shape competition between the two species depending on the relative levels of plant suitability.

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Sun, Di-Bing, Jie Li, Yin-Quan Liu, David W. Crowder, and Shu-Sheng Liu. "Effects of reproductive interference on the competitive displacement between two invasive whiteflies." Bulletin of Entomological Research 104, no. 3 (February 13, 2014): 334–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485314000108.

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AbstractReproductive interference is one of the major factors mediating species exclusion among insects. The cryptic species Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) and Mediterranean (MED) of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci complex have invaded many parts of the world and often exhibit niche overlap and reproductive interference. However, contrasting patterns of competitive displacement between the two invaders have been observed between regions such as those in USA and China. Understanding the roles of reproductive interference in competitive interactions between populations of the two species in different regions will help unravel other factors related to their invasion. We integrated laboratory population experiments, behavioural observations and simulation modelling to investigate the role of reproductive interference on species exclusion between MEAM1 and MED in China. In mixed cohorts of the two species MEAM1 always excluded MED in a few generations when the initial proportion of MEAM1 was ⩾0.25. Even when the initial proportion of MEAM1 was only 0.10, however, MEAM1 still had a higher probability of excluding MED than that for MED to exclude MEAM1. Importantly, we show that as MEAM1 increased in relative abundance, MED populations became increasingly male-biased. Detailed behavioural observations confirmed that MEAM1 showed a stronger reproductive interference than MED, leading to reduced frequency of copulation and female progeny production in MED. Using simulation modelling, we linked our behavioural observations with exclusion experiments to show that interspecific asymmetric reproductive interference predicts the rate of species exclusion of MED by MEAM1. These findings not only reveal the importance of reproductive interference in the competitive interactions between the two invasive whiteflies as well as the detailed behavioural mechanisms, but also provide a valuable framework against which the effects of other factors mediating species exclusion can be explored.

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Marcotte, Megan M. "Homing in the New Zealand eagle ray, Myliobatis tenuicaudatus." Marine and Freshwater Research 65, no. 4 (2014): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf12288.

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Homing after experimental displacement is widespread among bony fishes but has only been documented in two species of elasmobranchs, lemon sharks, Negaprion brevirostris, and Port Jackson sharks, Heterodontus portusjacksoni. To test if a species of batoid was capable of homing, New Zealand eagle rays, Myliobatis tenuicaudatus, were experimentally displaced 1.3–9.4 km from the Whangateau Estuary, where they feed, rest and are protected from predators. Significantly more rays returned to the estuary than expected by chance (seven out of eleven rays). The present study demonstrated for the first time that rays are capable of homing after experimental displacement. Homing success was not predicted by day or night capture, displacement distance, ray size, water depth at the displacement site or time in captivity. The homing rates and speeds of the rays were lower than those recorded for sharks, possibly due to a disparity in motivation and behavioural differences. Analysis of active tracks for associations with potential navigational stimuli may indicate which stimuli the rays use to home.

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Shinen, JS, and SG Morgan. "Mechanisms of invasion resistance: competition among intertidal mussels promotes establishment of invasive species and displacement of native species." Marine Ecology Progress Series 383 (May 14, 2009): 187–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps07982.

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Wang, Haihong, Stuart R. Reitz, Juncheng Xiang, Guy Smagghe, and Zhongren Lei. "Does Temperature-Mediated Reproductive Success Drive the Direction of Species Displacement in Two Invasive Species of Leafminer Fly?" PLoS ONE 9, no. 6 (June 6, 2014): e98761. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0098761.

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Deconinck, Bernard, Peter Meuris, and Frank Verheest. "Oblique nonlinear Alfvén waves in strongly magnetized beam plasmas. Part 1. Nonlinear vector evolution equation." Journal of Plasma Physics 50, no. 3 (December 1993): 445–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377800017268.

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Nonlinear MHD waves propagating obliquely to the external magnetic field in warm multi-species plasmas with anisotropic pressures and different equilibrium drifts are treated without imposing the customary quasi-neutrality between the different species or neglecting the displacement current in Ampère's law. The wave magnetic field obeys a vector nonlinear evolution equation, which in the limits of parallel propagation or of both the neglect of the displacement current and the imposition of quasi-neutrality reduces to the vector formulation of the well-known derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation.

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