Journal articles on the topic 'Specialized judge'
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1
Shunko, M. G. "Administrative and legal characteristics of the place and role of a judge of the Higher specialized court." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 4 (April 28, 2022): 228–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2021.04.40.
Abstract:
One of the aspects of the implementation of judicial reform in Ukraine was the establishment of the High Specialized Courts, which were to ensure the administration of objective justice in important areas, including combating corruption and combating intellectual property offenses. In this context, it is important to determine not only the role and place of these judges in the judicial system of Ukraine in general, but also to provide administrative and legal characteristics of the place and role of judges of higher specialized courts in particular.
The purpose of the article is the administrative and legal characteristics of the place and role of a judge of the higher specialized court.
According to the principle of separation of powers, all three branches must be independent of each other. Concentration of power in a state body or person can lead to the seizure of power. The judiciary is the most reliable and civilized way to protect human rights and civil rights and freedoms, and judicial protection of human rights and freedoms is the most democratic and appropriate way to consider the facts and causes of various disputes and establish the truth in pending cases.
As for the role of the judge directly in the process, the judge considers the case within the established procedural norms. Everything is based on the legal basis, and the judge is in fact the observer of the process, a person who, in accordance with the law, strictly adheres to all procedural norms.
It is concluded that the role of a judge of the High Specialized Court is more important than the role of a judge of a court of general jurisdiction, as evidenced by additional requirements for candidates for a judge of a special court and the importance of requirements for highly specialized judges in general.
2
Petryakova, Antonina V. "Institution of Investigating Judges: Genesis and Transformation of the Legal Model." Ugolovnaya yustitsiya, no. 18 (2022): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/23088451/18/10.
Abstract:
The judicial reform in Russia goes on and many provisions of the Concept of Judicial Reform of 1991 have been implemented. However, the institutions of investigating and penitentiary judges, provided by the Concept as a specialization of justices of the peace, have not yet been introduced. Academic and public discussion about the institution of investigative judges has intensified since 2014. Nowadays, there are several procedural models of this legal institution. However, the legal status of the investigating judge appears to be insufficiently developed. Using comparative and formal legal methods of research, the author examines the legal experience of postSoviet states that declare the formation of the institution of investigating judges in their judicial system to conclude that an investigating judge in many states has become a participant in criminal proceedings, but the institution of investigative judges has not been segregated into a separate judicial body, so the legal status of the investigating judge has not formed. In this regard, the author examines the institution of investigative judges of the Republic of Kazakhstan, in which it has undergone a significant transformation: from an investigating judge as a procedural figure to separate specialized investigative courts. Having studied the experience and recommendations of international expert organizations, the Republic of Kazakhstan is developing the idea of the institution of investigating judges in some possible perspective directions: finalization of the legal status of a judge of a specialized investigative court, harmonization of judicial and procedural legislation. Projecting the Kazakh model of a specialized investigative court onto the Russian judicial system, it is proposed to introduce specialized investigative courts in the Russian Federation with functionality that predominantly involves the exercise of judicial control functions. At the same time, the author notes that judicial control takes place both at the pre-trial stages of criminal proceedings and at the stage of execution of the judicial verdict. In this regard, it seems expedient to further build up the competence of a specialized investigative court and, on its basis, create a specialized investigative and penitentiary court, which in the future can become the basis for the formation of a national human rights court, the creation of which was proposed at a meeting of President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin with members of the Council under the President of the Russian Federation for the Development of Civil Society and Human Rights, held in December 2020.
3
Đerđa, Dario, and Boris Ljubanović. "Vladavina prava i legitimnost upravnih sudaca." Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta u Splitu 56, no. 1 (February 26, 2019): 125–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31141/zrpfs.2019.56.131.125.
Abstract:
The way in which the Republic of Croatia founds the legitimacy of judiciary duties and thereby enhances the rule of law is analyzed in this paper. It is aimed in particular at the legitimacy of administrative judges upon resolving administrative disputes and passing judgements. To this aim, the independence of administrative judges is considered as well as the mechanisms to which the independence of judicial powers contribute. Then, the way judges are appointed is analyzed, which results in whether citizens can trust the judges’ expertise and moral values. Also analyzed is the mechanism for establishing the expertise of judges through evaluating judges' implementation of duties. Finally, the legitimacy of administrative judges' decisions is also considered through the composition of the court in first instance administrative judicial decisions and through the trust given by citizens in the resolution of administrative disputes according to the individual judge. How administrative court judges in the Republic of Croatia are appointed and assessed in the same way as judges of other regular or specialized courts and how the question of independent implementation of judicial duties correlates regardless of the court wherein the judge is appointed for judicial duty make up a large part of the conclusions related to all judges in the Republic of Croatia. This paper therefore in some way exceeds the very problem area of rule of law and administrative judge legitimacy.
4
Engel, David M. "Judging and Judgment in Contemporary Asia: Editor’s Introduction to this Special Issue." Asian Journal of Law and Society 8, no. 2 (June 2021): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/als.2020.25.
Abstract:
AbstractAlthough the figure of the wise judge may be a universal trope, respect is not automatically accorded every person who passes judgment on another. To be perceived as legitimate, judges must occupy an institutional status with the power to decide controverted cases and must have access to specialized or even sacred knowledge and moral authority. Historically, Asian judges could claim legitimacy through their connection to transcendent legal principles, such as dhamma or dao or shari’a. In contemporary Asia, however, conceptions of law and legal legitimacy have become pluralistic, contested, and contradictory. Judges may to some extent retain a connection to the sacred and the transcendent, yet that connection is no longer sufficient in itself to insulate their judgments—or their character—from criticism. How, then, can the “good judge” be distinguished from judges who fall short of the mark? In this Special Issue, five distinguished scholars explore the crisis of legitimation as it affects judging and judgment in Sri Lanka, India, China, Indonesia, and Thailand.
5
Kadiraliyev, Saddam, and Tashkent State University of Law Gulmurodov. "THE INVESTIGATIVE JUDGE IS A NEW INSTITUTE IN THE CRIMINAL PROCESS OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN." CRIMINOLOGY AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE 3, no. 4 (December 21, 2023): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.51788/tsul.ccj.3.4./xtcg9375.
Abstract:
In this article, the legal status of the investigating judge, the history of the origin and stages of development of the investigating judge institution, and the importance and specific features of the investigating judge institution in the criminal process are explained. With the decision No. 300 of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, “On measures to implement the strategy of Uzbekistan – 2030 in 2023 in a high-quality and timely manner” until the end of 2024, rapid search and investigative actions It is established that the procedure for consideration of the issue of sanctions by individual judges—investigative judges—is established, and the powers of the investigating judge are widened based on the principle of not only sanctioning quick searches and investigative actions but also exercising judicial control at the stage of bringing the case to court in the criminal process. The issues of definition are touched upon in the framework. In particular, with the introduction of this institution, the issues of providing the opportunity to conduct the activities of the parties on the basis of equality and controversy in proceedings before the court, as well as the possibility of increasing the procedural status of the defense side by eliminating the dominant position of the prosecution side, were discussed. The opinions of legal scholars about the institution of investigating judge were analyzed. In this regard, the experience of the countries of Kazakhstan, Georgia, Moldova, Estonia, and the Institute of Investigative judge, introduced in the criminal proceedings of the Kyrgyz Republic since 2019, was studied as one of the main research objects. In the criminal procedural legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan, relevant proposals were made regarding the determination of the legal status of the investigating judge, the principle of judicial control in criminal proceedings, and the formation of a corps of specialized investigative judges.
6
Casadevall, Arturo, and Ferric C. Fang. "Specialized Science." Infection and Immunity 82, no. 4 (January 13, 2014): 1355–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01530-13.
Abstract:
ABSTRACTAs the body of scientific knowledge in a discipline increases, there is pressure for specialization. Fields spawn subfields that then become entities in themselves that promote further specialization. The process by which scientists join specialized groups has remarkable similarities to the guild system of the middle ages. The advantages of specialization of science include efficiency, the establishment of normative standards, and the potential for greater rigor in experimental research. However, specialization also carries risks of monopoly, monotony, and isolation. The current tendency to judge scientific work by the impact factor of the journal in which it is published may have roots in overspecialization, as scientists are less able to critically evaluate work outside their field than before. Scientists in particular define themselves through group identity and adopt practices that conform to the expectations and dynamics of such groups. As part of our continuing analysis of issues confronting contemporary science, we analyze the emergence and consequences of specialization in science, with a particular emphasis on microbiology, a field highly vulnerable to balkanization along microbial phylogenetic boundaries, and suggest that specialization carries significant costs. We propose measures to mitigate the detrimental effects of scientific specialism.
7
Dolynska, Maria, and Alyona Dutko. "Comparative Analysis of the Requirements for Candidates for the Position of a Judge in Ukraine and the Republic of Poland." Teka Komisji Prawniczej PAN Oddział w Lublinie 15, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.32084/tkp.5125.
Abstract:
Qualification requirements for candidates for the position of judges are a system of requirements and conditions for admission to the position of a judge and a kind of guarantor of high-quality justice, high moral and professional level of holders of judicial power. Usually, the system of general requirements for candidates for the position of judge in different states is represented by the criteria of citizenship, higher legal education, minimum or maximum age requirements, practical work experience, high business and professional qualities. The system of special requirements differs in aspects of specialized judicial training or completion of the required internship. In the article, the authors conclude that today it is necessary to improve the system of selection of judicial personnel in Ukraine.
8
Osoianu, Tudor, and Dinu Ostavciuc. "Judicial control of criminal prosecution in the second degree of jurisdiction – controversies and regulatory opportunities." Journal of the National Institute of Justice, no. 1(64) (May 2023): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.52277/1857-2405.2023.1(64).06.
Abstract:
The authors operate theoretical interpretations of the rules of procedure applied by the investigating judges, as well as by the courts that exercise judicial control of the criminal investigation in the second degree of jurisdiction. The judicial control of the prejudicial procedure is carried out not only by the investigating judge, but also by the judges of the specialized panels of the appeal courts, who examine the appeals filed against the decisions of the investigating judges in the cases provided for by law. It was equally sought to ensure the balance between the general public interest of effective investigation of crimes, on the one hand, and on the other hand, the respect of the fundamental rights and freedoms of all persons, who were willingly/nolently brought into the sphere of criminal justice. It is opted for the revision of the procedure of judicial control of the criminal prosecution primarily through legislation. In this sense, it is proposed that a separate article regulates the written rule procedure for examining the appeal on all conclusions pronounced by the investigating judge during the investigation, apart from those expressly indicated in art. 311 CPC.
9
Sartono, Sartono, Tumanggor Tumanggor, Sri Soemantri, Wiratni Ahmadi, and Satya Arinanto. "The Independence Judge Verdict in Tax Dispute Resolution." Southeast Asia Law Journal 1, no. 1 (August 19, 2017): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31479/salj.v1i1.6.
Abstract:
<p align="justify">Tax tribunal as a specialized court exercising judicial powers to investigate and adjudicate tax disputes still using a system of dualism coaching, because until now there has been no revision or amendment of Law No. 2 of 2002 on the Tax tribunal. Independence and freedom of the Tax tribunal judge in deciding tax disputes must uphold justice, and not subject to and bound by any party. This research using theory of Justice based on the Pancasila. Grand Theory, theory of the State of Law as the Middle Range Theory and an Independent Judicial Power Theory. Applied Theory. This research was conducted using a normative juridical. Based on the research results show that the Tax tribunal judge in examining and deciding tax disputes has been carrying out its obligations which reflect the independence and the independence of judges and impartially and has fulfilled the principles of independent judicial power, in accordance with the provisions of Article 24 of the 1945 Constitution.</p>
10
Johansen, Louise Victoria. "Fra novice til oldtimer – domsmandsrollen som læringsproces." Nordisk Tidsskrift for Kriminalvidenskab 104, no. 3 (November 26, 2017): 241–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/ntfk.v104i3.115049.
Abstract:
Jury systems rest on the notion that not only specialized judges, but also “ordinary” people should judge defendants. Lay judges are supposed to contribute with their mundane, common sense, untouched by legal reasoning and knowledge.These ideals are also prevalent in Denmark. However, Danish lay judges are appointed for a four-year period and may even serve several periods. The present paper analyses how the repeated participation of newly appointed lay judges in Danish criminal cases changes the way they perceive their own role, as well as their perception of what constitutes relevant knowledge in a case. Over time, there is a tendency to learn and apply a way of reasoning that is closer to the court and its codes than it is to their own everyday life. In this way, the nature of their participation as “lay judges” is challenged.
11
Ryabtseva, E. V. "Application of modern information technologies as a necessary means of preventing and stopping conflict interests in the judicial activities of Russia." BULLETIN of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. LAW Series 145, no. 4 (2023): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-6844-2023-145-4-183-190.
Abstract:
The article analyzes the influence of artificial intelligence on the development of justice in Russia. Taking into account the experience of foreign countries, proposals are made aimed at minimizing corruption risks in judicial activities through the use of information technology. It is substantiated that information technologies used to prevent and suppress conflicts of interest as a guarantee of the independence and impartiality of judges can become part of the ongoing digitalization of justice. As an effective way to prevent conflicts of interest, it is proposed to develop specialized programs that would help judges assess certain situations of conflict of interest and take appropriate measures aimed at preventing it. It is concluded that the system of electronic distribution of cases existing in Russia today makes it possible not to distribute to the judge those cases in which relatives and family members work, which seems insufficient to eliminate conflicts of interest when using the modern system of distribution of cases. The more clear parameters are developed for a system that provides electronic distribution of cases, the fewer situations of conflict of interest will arise. The article substantiates that the optimization of the system for managing conflicts of interest in judicial activities is directly related to information systems, the creation of a single electronic resource for the prevention of conflicts of interest, including: electronic consultation of judges on conflict of interest situations; electronic distribution of cases by excluding from consideration by the judge those whose participation entails a conflict of interest; checking candidates for the position of judge to establish the circumstances preventing their appointment.
12
Waquet, Philippe. "La gestion du contentieux social." Revue française d'administration publique 57, no. 1 (1991): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rfap.1991.2437.
Abstract:
Managing Cases Involving Social Disputes. The number of cases dealing with social disputes, involving labor or social security law, has increased considerably over the last years and is overcrowding the courts. Several measures have been implemented in order to reduce the length of these procedures without detriment to the quality of the judgements handed down. To a greater use of certain procedures (hearing before a single judge, reducing the number of judges) has been added an increase in record office staff and the number of magistrates attached to social divisions, specialized magistrates, magistrate training, and finally, efforts to coordinate lawyers and clerks.
13
Harust, Y. V., and V. V. Mirgorod-Karpova. "General principles of organization and activityof judges in Ukraine." Legal horizons, no. 26 (2021): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/legalhorizons.2021.i26.p107.
Abstract:
In the conditions of active development and improvement of the system of public administration in the world, the role of public service as a defining feature of a democratic and legal state is strengthening. Since the signing of the Association Agreement with the European Union by Ukraine, it has become necessary to introduce and enshrine in national legislation such an institution as a public service. This became a lever that launched the process of reforming the government system in the country and determined the right vector for the development of public service in Ukraine. Given the current indicators of public confidence in the judiciary, it can be argued that the institution of public service in the judiciary is purely formal, and therefore this issue is relevant and needs to be addressed as soon as possible. In view of this, we believe that the introduction of the new Concept, which will consolidate the legal status of a judge as a public servant of a court of general jurisdiction, will be the beginning of the real functioning of a judge of a court of general jurisdiction on the basis of public administration. The study revealed the general principles of organization and activity of judges of general jurisdiction courts in Ukraine. The legal status of judges is outlined and the key features of such status are identified. The existence of the “judge-public servant” model is substantiated. The study emphasizes that judges of courts of general jurisdiction directly implement the basic functions of justice, and the level of their legal status depends on the authority of the judiciary and the efficiency of justice in Ukraine. Courts of general jurisdiction are the main link of specialized courts for civil, administrative and criminal cases and are the closest to the population, and therefore, a clear definition of their legal status is now essential. It is suggested that under the public service in the judiciary of Ukraine, first of all, one should see politically neutral, professional activity of a judge in courts, judicial authorities and other state bodies of the justice system and institutions for organizing and ensuring the activities of courts and judges.
14
Bagnenko, S. F., E. I. Novikov, I. A. PIakhotnikov, E. F. Kira, A. V. Borisov, and L. Sh Gorbakova. "The criterion and opportunity of organ-saving operations at purulent- inflammatory diseases of uterus and andex in women of reproductive age." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 48, no. 3 (August 15, 1999): 19–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd88710.
Abstract:
The authors judge, that use of the offered criteria under conditions of highly skilled and specialized hospital makes possible the performance, of mainly less invasive organ-saving operations in women of reproductive age at purulent - inflammatory diseases of uterus and adnex.
15
Tkachenko, І. "Administrative and legal regulation of forms and means of public control over the activities of judges." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 1 (May 29, 2023): 407–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2023.01.69.
Abstract:
In order to achieve the goal of the research, the article plans to carry out the following research tasks: clarifying the essence of public control over the activities of judges in Ukraine, identifying its most effective forms and means.
As a result of the study, it was established that public control over the activities of judges is a legally defined activity of members of the public aimed at checking (observation, supervision) the legality of judicial proceedings by judges, taking into account the principles of taking into account public opinion in the formation of the judicial body, transparency and openness of the judicial process, accessibility of citizens to the judicial process, openness and accessibility to court decisions.
The most effective forms and means of public control over the activities of judges in Ukraine are singled out, namely: 1) implementation of public control at the stage of selection for the position of a judge, which includes monitoring of the judge's lifestyle, which is carried out in order to establish the conformity of the judge's standard of living with that available to him and members his family's property and the income they receive, the judge's lifestyle is monitored in accordance with the law, the declaration of a person applying for the position of a judge is checked; 2) the activities of the public integrity council, which is formed to assist the Higher Qualification Commission of Judges of Ukraine in establishing the compliance of a judge (candidate for the post of judge) with the criteria of professional ethics and integrity for the purposes of qualification evaluation; 3) provision of public information about the court's activities based on the receipt of a request for information about the court's activities; 4) providing the public with public information about the activities of courts in Ukraine, by summarizing such information by analytical units of the State Judicial Administration of Ukraine; 5) granting access to accredited mass media to judicial proceedings on the basis of a court decision; 6) creation and implementation of effective activities in higher specialized courts and appellate courts of full-fledged press services; 7) creation of a contact center at the State Judicial Administration of Ukraine, which should receive and summarize information from citizens regarding the quality of judicial proceedings, compliance by judges with integrity, violations by them and other participants of the principles of judicial proceedings and the judicial process; 8) ensuring the activity of the public council under the Council of Judges of Ukraine.
16
Cojocaru, Cristina. "On the court jurisdiction in case of litigation between entrepreneurs." Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence 13, no. 1 (May 1, 2019): 655–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/picbe-2019-0058.
Abstract:
Abstract According to the Romanian legislation, the parties may agree in writing that the disputes concerning goods and other rights deriving from the non-performance of the contract be judged by other courts that, according to the law, would have territorial jurisdiction to hear the case, unless the competence of the court is exclusive. By decision no. 18/2016 the Romanian High Court of Cassation and Justice, through the competent division to judge the appeal in the interest of the law, decided that in matters of procedural substantive (material) jurisdiction of the specialized courts, the competence of the specialized courts is determined depending on the object or the nature of disputes such as those considered examples by art. 226 paragraph 1 of Law no. 71/2011 on the application of Law no. 287/2009 on Civil Code. Considering also this decision, the article aims to analyze the practical implications of another recent decision of the Romanian supreme court, namely Decision no. 561/2018, on the competence of the specialized court in litigations between entrepreneurs and, without claiming to cover extensively the subject, to offer a view on the Romanian current legal framework, on the court jurisdiction and the notion of professional, underlining the freedom of entrepreneurs or professionals of choosing the relevant court.
17
Jenny, Bernhard, Tom Patterson, and Lorenz Hurni. "Flex Projector–Interactive Software for Designing World Map Projections." Cartographic Perspectives, no. 59 (March 1, 2008): 12–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14714/cp59.245.
Abstract:
Flex Projector is a free, open-source, and cross-platform software application that allows cartographers to interactively design custom projections for small-scale world maps. It specializes in cylindrical, and pseudocylindrical projections, as well as polyconical projections with curved parallels. Giving meridians non-uniform spacing is an option for all classes of projections. The interface of Flex Projector enables cartographers to shape the projection graticule, and provides visual and numerical feedback to judge its distortion properties. The intended users of Flex Projector are those without specialized mathematical expertise, including practicing mapmakers and cartography students. The pages that follow discuss why the authors developed Flex Projector, give an overview of its features, and introduce two new map projections created by the authors with this new software: the A4 and the Natural Earth projection.
18
Mazhari, Abdul-Qudous. "Jurisprudential and Legal Review of the Validity of the Expert’s Opinion." Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Studies 6, no. 2 (February 13, 2024): 60–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jhsss.2024.6.2.9.
Abstract:
Experience is one of the methods of judicial proof. It is resorted to, if necessary, revealing or strengthening existing evidence. The increasing role of technical expertise in our modern era comes - due to the accuracy, complexity and often hidden nature of the facts presented to the judiciary - making the judge need help. With experienced and specialized people and benefit from their advice. Undoubtedly, experts are considered among the judicial assistants who cannot be dispensed with in the scientific or technical cases that the judge finds. He cannot consider some cases that require expertise outside his professional speciality. The judge’s goal is to reach the truth to make his ruling. Fair, and this is achieved by seeking the help of experienced people whose opinion is a means of proving the claim. One thing that no two people disagree about is that the judge, no matter how much knowledge and extensive knowledge he has, cannot comprehend all the different sciences and arts, especially the delicate cases, so there is no escape from referring to people of experience, knowledge, and specialization for the judge to issue his ruling based on reassurance and trust and to be closer to achieving the truth and resolving the dispute.
19
Svoboda, E. Yu, and Y. P. Tsipotan. "The state of scientific development of issues related to the investigation of corruption criminal offenses committed by judges." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 1 (March 20, 2024): 634–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2024.01.111.
Abstract:
The article is devoted to the analysis of the scientific development of theoretical and practical issues in the investigation of corruption criminal offenses.
A review of literary sources in the field of criminal law, criminal procedure, criminology, operational and investigative activities regarding the abuse of power or official position by a judge during the administration of justice, their detection and investigation was carried out.
It is emphasized that the majority of scientific research is devoted to the investigation of criminal offenses in the field of official activity, the investigation of the acceptance of an offer, promise or receipt of undue benefit, the investigation of the abuse of power or official position by a judge in the course of the administration of justice, the investigation of crimes related to the receipt of undue benefit by judges during the performance of official duties, the issue of the use of special knowledge in the investigation of corruption offenses, the concept of corruption and anti-corruption forensic examinations, expert provision of pre-trial investigation of corruption crimes, the concept and conduct of anti-corruption examination, tactical means of investigation of corruption criminal offences, issues of foreign and international experience regarding activities specialized anti-corruption institutions.
Attempts to provide a scientific basis for the investigation of crimes related to the receipt of illegal benefits were also carried out at the beginning of the 21st century.
It is noted that recently the attention of scientists has been directed to certain issues of the organization of the National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine, issues of interaction.
The analysis of monographs, dissertations and other scientific works on the outlined issues proved that the basics of the investigation methodology of abuse of power or official position by a judge during the administration of justice still remain undeveloped.
20
Memon, Qurban A., Adnan Harb, and Shakeel Khoja. "Specialization-Specific Course Assessments Integrated for Program Assessment." Education Research International 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/987543.
Abstract:
The program assessment process combines assessments from individual courses to generate final program assessment to match accreditation benchmarks. In developing countries, industrial environment is not diversified to allow graduating engineers to seek jobs in all disciplines or specializations of an engineering program. Hence, it seems necessary to seek evolution of an engineering program assessment for specialized requirements of the industry. This paper describes how specialization-specific courses’ assessments are grouped per requirements and then integrated towards overall program assessment. A software program application is developed to automate this development to reduce assessment work and show equivalently as integration of specialization-specific assessments per outcome per term. The implementation also shows how outcomes are integrated per specialization-specific courses in order to judge the implementation of the program assessment. This effort is expected to help stake holders of the program to judge evolution and quality of specialization tracks vis-à-vis expectations of the local industry.
21
Amerasinghe, Chittharanjan F. "Judges of the International Court of Justice – Election and Qualifications." Leiden Journal of International Law 14, no. 2 (June 2001): 335–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156501000164.
Abstract:
The article reviews (i) the qualifications of judges of, and (ii) the distribution of seats in, the ICJ. (i) Since 1966 there has been only one judge elected who merely satisfied the requirement relating to highest national judicial office. It is clear that with the increase in the supply of competent public international ‘jurists’ from the developing countries and because of the increasingly complicated and specialized nature of international law national judicial office has become irrelevant and insufficient as a qualification. Recognized competence as a public international jurist should be the only valid criterion. On the other hand, the latter concept has been given an unwarranted and undesirable extension by the UN, especially in connection with candidates from developing countries. (ii) While, in keeping with Article 9 of the Statute, there is some agreed regional distribution of seats among the non-permanent members of the Security Council, equity seems to be disregarded, particularly among the non-Western European states, by rotation among states being ignored. This is not in keeping with the Statute.
22
Yefimov, Mykola. "Use of special knowledge in investigation of anti-morality crimes." Naukovyy Visnyk Dnipropetrovs'kogo Derzhavnogo Universytetu Vnutrishnikh Sprav 2, no. 2 (June 3, 2020): 268–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31733/2078-3566-2020-2-268-274.
Abstract:
The scientific article deals with some aspects of the investigation of crimes against morality. The peculi-arities of the use of special knowledge in the investigation of this category of criminal offenses are con-sidered. The author emphasizes that during criminal proceedings at the stage of both pre-trial investigation and in court, questions may arise, which, due to their narrow specialization and unlawful nature, may not be within the power of the investigator and the court. In such cases, other participants in the criminal process are involved in the process of proving - persons who have special knowledge sufficient to make a qualified solution to the problem. It is noted that special knowledge is a set of theoretical knowledge and practical skills in the field of science, technology, arts, crafts obtained as a result of vocational training and professional education used for the prevention and investigation of criminal offenses. The view is maintained that the following should be attributed to independent forms of the use of specialized knowledge: the direct application of specialized knowledge in science, technology, art and craft by the judge himself; appointment of examinations; appointment of audits; knowledge that is inherent in various types of professional activity, except knowledge that is professional for the investigator and the judge, and is used in the investigation of crimes and criminal proceedings in court in order to facilitate the establishment of the truth of the case in cases, forms and procedures determined by criminal- procedural legislation; consulting assistance of a specialist without involving him personally in court actions; expert's participation in court actions. It is emphasized that specialized knowledge can be used directly and indirectly by an authorized person. Based on the analysis of judicial investigative practice, the following were distinguished among the main forms of use of special knowledge in the investigation of crimes against morality: direct (use of special knowledge by investigators in carrying out individual procedural actions); mediated (appointment of forensic expertise and involvement of relevant specialists in individual procedural actions).
23
Martinson, Donna J. "ONE CASE-ONE SPECIALIZED JUDGE: WHY COURTS HAVE AN OBLIGATION TO MANAGE ALIENATION AND OTHER HIGH-CONFLICT CASES." Family Court Review 48, no. 1 (January 2010): 180–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-1617.2009.01297.x.
24
Stricker, Frank. "Economic Success and Academic Professionalization: Questions from Two Decades of U.S. History (1908–1929)." Social Science History 12, no. 2 (1988): 143–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200016096.
Abstract:
Sociologists have debated extensively about the attributes and natural history of professions, roughly dividing along two lines. The taxonomic and functionalist views assume that professions rest on broad knowledge based on extensive, specialized training, usually, in the modern era, in a university setting. Because such knowledge is arcane and scarce and outsiders lack the expertise to judge it, society allows the profession to regulate itself and to monopolize services. In turn, the profession follows a service ethic rather than the profit motive. It pledges to help all in a disinterested fashion and to maintain high ethical standards among its members. Since the 1960s, the critical or power school has treated professionalism as ideology and manipulation, arguing that the extent of training and the specialized character of professional knowledge are deliberately exaggerated and mystified and that the service ethic merely disguises unjustified monopoly rewards (Saks, 1983; Wilensky, 1964; Greenwood, 1957; Friedson, 1984; Roth, 1974; Ritzer and Walczak, 1986: 59–94).
25
Гизатуллин, Ирек. "PROBLEMS IN THE EXERCISE OF THE INDEPENDENCE OF JUDGES IN ASSESSING AN EXPERT OPINION IN A CRIMINAL CASE." Rule-of-law state: theory and practice 16, no. 4-2 (April 1, 2020): 115–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33184/pravgos-2020.4.29.
Abstract:
The article analyzes some procedural and non-procedural factors that prevent the judge from assessing the expert's opinion in a criminal case freely. The article states that, in the existing law enforcement realities, the expert's opinion acquires the status of an absolute evidence having a pre-determined value. This is due to the de facto lack of competition between the parties in the procedures for appointing and producing an examination, as well as to the difficulty of assessing this type of evidence by a judge in the absence of special knowledge for that. Purpose: to develop theoretical provisions justifying the need to improve the procedures for the appointment and production of expert opinions, as well as the assessment of expert opinions by the court, in order to ensure judicial independence. The paper uses the methods of system analysis, synthesis, sociological polling and generalization. The author concludes that ensuring the freedom of judge’ inner conviction when assessing an expert's opinion directly depends on expanding the possibilities of using an alternative opinion of another person with a specialized knowledge in the same area - the expert's opinion and testimony. In this regard, it is proposed that the law should make it mandatory to grant requests by parties for expert opinions to be admitted and examined in court, and that the results of such research should be reflected in the text of the court decision on the case.
26
Beaver, Allan. "Lack of CRS Accessibility May Be Strangling Small Hoteliers, the Lifeblood of European Tourism." Tourism Economics 1, no. 4 (December 1995): 341–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135481669500100403.
Abstract:
This paper identifies the fragmented nature of accommodation provision in Europe, the majority being in small units. The increasing use by travel agents of Computer Reservation Systems (CRSs) to book hotels is also identified, by the provision of hitherto unpublished statistics. The criteria are detailed by which agents judge the effectiveness of a CRS. Two CRSs which have specialized in small units are described. The needs of both the supply and demand sides are noted and ways in which these may be met are explained. It is suggested that since small hotels are seldom featured on the major Global CRSs, these hotels may lose market share.
27
Shunko, M. H. "ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL CHARACTERISTICS OF GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR CANDIDATES FOR THE POSITION OF JUDGE OF THE HIGHER SPECIALIZED COURT." Juridical scientific and electronic journal, no. 5 (2021): 205–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/2524-0374/2021-5/49.
28
Camacho, Christina M., and Leanne Fiftal Alarid. "The Significance of the Victim Advocate for Domestic Violence Victims in Municipal Court." Violence and Victims 23, no. 3 (June 2008): 288–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.23.3.288.
Abstract:
Previous research has examined factors that influence felony case prosecution in domestic violence cases, but few have analyzed how victim participation, or lack thereof, may affect the defendant’s case outcome in misdemeanors. This study used 384 municipal cases from a specialized domestic violence court to examine the role of the victim advocate and variables that had an impact on victim participation with prosecution and case disposition. To ensure that decisions in all cases were consistent, all decision makers in the sample involved the same group: the court advocate, prosecutor, and judge. The analysis found that victim cooperation after arrest coupled with services provided by shelter court advocates were a strong predictor of victim cooperation at disposition and case outcome.
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Putrijanti, Aju. "The Competence of the Administrative Court and Administrative Justice." FIAT JUSTISIA:Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 14, no. 2 (April 29, 2020): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.25041/fiatjustisia.v14no2.1890.
Abstract:
Administrative Court is a specialized court under the Supreme Court with a role to settle the administrative disputes included staffing disputes. The legitimation of Law No. 30 of 2104 concerning Government Administration has brought a new paradigm in the governance framework. Also, the competence of the Court is broader than before. In Addition, some regulations give more competence to the Court. It is normative juridical research. It uses statute, conceptual approach to observed, analyzed and discussion on the issues. This research is to develop the relations between the competence of the Court and administrative justice. Based on the research, broader competence gives more opportunity to get access to justice.In conclusion, administrative justice has some meanings; first, it is the rights of an individual. Therefore, the government has to provide detail, clear information for any individual before issuing a decree based on the application, rights to claims and revision for any mistakes. Second, the defendant must obey and implement the judicial verdict. This obligation as an implementation of administrative justice and legal certainty for Plaintiff and obedience by the Defendant to the judge verdict. Third, administrative justice should be supported by the regulations by obeying the judge verdict. This is part of improving the quality of governance.
30
Bestué, Carmen. "From the Trial to the Transcription: Listening Problems Related to Thematic Knowledge. Some Implications for the Didactics of Court Interpreting Studies." Fachsprache 41, no. 3-4 (October 25, 2019): 159–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24989/fs.v41i3-4.1736.
Abstract:
Interpreting is a phenomenon of such complexity that, particularly in highly specialized fields, such as court interpreting, it is easy to detect errors and omissions made not only by students, but even by experienced professional interpreters. These errors are often attributed to a lack of competence on the part of the interpreter, but they can also arise from the highly specialized nature of the setting in which the task is performed. The present study focuses on the second of these two factors in relation to both transcription and interpretation. It sets out to characterise errors of comprehension that may precede target discourse production in another language due to a particular setting in which much of the dialogic exchange takes place within a closed circuit, in the form of a triangle consisting of the judge, the defence counsel and the prosecution, and from which the defendant (and his or her interpreter) is excluded. To this end, we worked with an oral corpus of recordings of real criminal trial proceedings and the transcripts of those proceedings made by technicians employed and trained by the TIPp project (Translation and Interpreting in Criminal Proceedings), led by Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.
31
Altyntsev, M. A., S. A. Arbuzov, R. A. Popov, G. V. Tsoi, and M. O. Gromov. "UAV AERIAL SURVEY: ACCURACY ESTIMATION FOR AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED DENSE DIGITAL SURFACE MODEL AND ORTHOTHOTO PLAN." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B6 (June 17, 2016): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b6-155-2016.
Abstract:
A dense digital surface model is one of the products generated by using UAV aerial survey data. Today more and more specialized software are supplied with modules for generating such kind of models. The procedure for dense digital model generation can be completely or partly automated. Due to the lack of reliable criterion of accuracy estimation it is rather complicated to judge the generation validity of such models. One of such criterion can be mobile laser scanning data as a source for the detailed accuracy estimation of the dense digital surface model generation. These data may be also used to estimate the accuracy of digital orthophoto plans created by using UAV aerial survey data. The results of accuracy estimation for both kinds of products are presented in the paper.
32
Altyntsev, M. A., S. A. Arbuzov, R. A. Popov, G. V. Tsoi, and M. O. Gromov. "UAV AERIAL SURVEY: ACCURACY ESTIMATION FOR AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED DENSE DIGITAL SURFACE MODEL AND ORTHOTHOTO PLAN." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B6 (June 17, 2016): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b6-155-2016.
Abstract:
A dense digital surface model is one of the products generated by using UAV aerial survey data. Today more and more specialized software are supplied with modules for generating such kind of models. The procedure for dense digital model generation can be completely or partly automated. Due to the lack of reliable criterion of accuracy estimation it is rather complicated to judge the generation validity of such models. One of such criterion can be mobile laser scanning data as a source for the detailed accuracy estimation of the dense digital surface model generation. These data may be also used to estimate the accuracy of digital orthophoto plans created by using UAV aerial survey data. The results of accuracy estimation for both kinds of products are presented in the paper.
33
Madeira, Lígia Mori, and Leonardo Geliski. "O combate a crimes de corrupção pela Justiça Federal da Região Sul do Brasil." Revista de Administração Pública 53, no. 6 (December 2019): 987–1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-761220180237.
Abstract:
Abstract This article studies the operation of the Federal Regional Court of the 4th Region (TRF4) in the fight against corruption crimes. Judgments produced by the TRF4 criminal courts between 2003 and 2016 underwent text analysis using the dictionary method, seeking to outline the profile of crimes and defendants. Despite the changes in the web accountability institutions, with the outbreak of major federal police operations, technological uses, new legal devices and a high degree of concentration between the agencies, there is a small proportion of grand corruption crime, involving middle and high-ranking bureaucrats and more sophisticated crimes with greater financial value. Crimes involving contraband and petty corruption take up much of the day to day of the judiciary in the south region of the country, at least in the criminal intermediate courts, where the judge appeals decisions coming from specialized and generalist criminal courts.
34
Madeira, Lígia Mori, and Leonardo Geliski. "The Federal Justice act in combating corruption in Southern Brazil." Revista de Administração Pública 53, no. 6 (December 2019): 987–1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-761220180237x.
Abstract:
Abstract This article studies the operation of the Federal Regional Court of the 4th Region (TRF4) in the fight against corruption crimes. Judgments produced by the TRF4 criminal courts between 2003 and 2016 underwent text analysis using the dictionary method, seeking to outline the profile of crimes and defendants. Despite the changes in the web accountability institutions, with the outbreak of major federal police operations, technological uses, new legal devices and a high degree of concentration between the agencies, there is a small proportion of grand corruption crime, involving middle and high-ranking bureaucrats and more sophisticated crimes with greater financial value. Crimes involving contraband and petty corruption take up much of the day to day of the judiciary in the south region of the country, at least in the criminal intermediate courts, where the judge appeals decisions coming from specialized and generalist criminal courts.
35
Jordan, Heather, Jason E. Reiss, James E. Hoffman, and Barbara Landau. "Intact Perception of Biological Motion in the Face of Profound Spatial Deficits: Williams Syndrome." Psychological Science 13, no. 2 (March 2002): 162–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00429.
Abstract:
Williams syndrome (WS) is a rare genetic disorder that results in profound spatial cognitive deficits. We examined whether individuals with WS have intact perception of biological motion, which requires global spatial integration of local motion signals into a unitary percept of a human form. Children with WS, normal mental-age-matched children, and normal adults viewed point-light-walker (PLW) displays portraying a human figure walking to the left or right. Children with WS were as good as or better than control children in their ability to judge the walker's direction, even when it was masked with dynamic noise that mimicked the local motion of the PLW lights. These results show that mechanisms underlying the perception of at least some kinds of biological motion are unimpaired in children with WS. They provide the first evidence of selective sparing of a specialized spatial system in individuals with a known genetic impairment.
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Salahuddin Tri Putra, Rahmad. "PROFIL DAN HIRARKI ULAMA." Adabiyah : Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 1, no. 1 (July 12, 2016): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/ja.v1i1.161.
Abstract:
The role of Moslem theologians throughout Islamic history had occupied a strategic position – narration Nikkie R Kiddie was termed powerful – and had a great influence in shaping the Islamic society. The religious capacity of Moslem theologians was also recognized officially recognized by the authorities as the mosque trustees, Master/ Mudarris, Mufti and Judge, besides having the privileges from the authorities to teach at mosques, primary schools, and having responsibility towards the quality of education in the community. The Moslem theologians authority was not only in matters of law and education, but also contemporary issues whose capabilities were not specialized and undifferentiated. Keddie divided two groups of Moslem theologians namely; Sunni (orthodox) from religious scholars and legal experts (jurists); andShi’ah authority (sectarian moslem theologians) from a cousin of the prophet Muhammad and his sons - Ali and his descendants considered as the rightful leader, to the Muslim community
37
Otonbaeva, Rahima. "THE ESSENCE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF PROCEEDINGS IN CASES OF CRIMES COMMITTED BY CHILDREN IN CONFLICT WITH THE LAW." Alatoo Academic Studies 23, no. 2 (June 30, 2023): 466–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17015/aas.2023.232.45.
Abstract:
This article is devoted to the disclosure of the essence and significance of proceedings in cases of crimes committed by children in conflict with the law. It should also be noted that the article reveals novelties in the legislation on children in conflict with the law and further judicial reforms that have taken place. The legal grounds for the implementation of individual preventive work with minors and families in difficult life situations are indicated.The author sufficiently disclosed the role of the participation of a specialized prosecutor, investigator, judge and lawyer for children, the authorized state body for the protection of children in cases involving children in conflict with the law, victims and witnesses. Ways to prevent juvenile delinquency are also noted. In general, the article gives a general overview of the problems and ways of solving cases of crimes committed by children in conflict with the law.
38
Kovalchuk, I. V. "Features of exercise of control by regional courts in Halichina in the field of judiciary (1855-1918)." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 1, no. 80 (January 22, 2024): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2023.80.1.5.
Abstract:
The article analyzes the peculiarities of control by regional courts in Galicia in the field of judicial proceedings (1855–1918). It is noted that as a result of the reform of the Austrian judiciary in the middle of the 19th century. a three-level judicial system was created: district, district (regional), higher regional courts. Special attention is focused on the characteristics of the historical experience of control by regional courts in Galicia in the field of judicial proceedings. in the studied period. It is noted that regional courts in Galicia were entrusted with the function of control, and in fact internal control, over the activities of the court itself and the institutions that operated under it – the Chamber of Advocates, the Chamber of Notaries. An important element of control was supervision over the state of detention of prisoners in the district of responsibility of the court. In the case of Eastern Galicia, these are Lviv and one Stanislaviv prison. The controlling function was directly related to the disciplinary activity of regional courts. Another important component of the activity of regional courts was the role of appellate bodies for courts of first instance in civil cases (for criminal cases, such a body was the Higher Regional Court). The study of the legal foundations of the organization and activity of regional courts in Galicia (1850–1918) proves the presence of certain positive experience that can be used in reforming the current legislation of Ukraine on the judiciary. The experience of regional courts in Galicia as part of Austria-Hungary convinces us of the need to respond to social challenges in a timely manner and bring the judiciary into line with needs. As a result of political and legal changes in the middle of the 19th and the second half of the 19th century. citizens of Austria-Hungary were guaranteed the constitutional right to judicial protection. In their activities, judges of regional courts in Galicia were guided by the law and tried to resolve disputes on the basis of current Austrian legislation. Any abuse of the official position was punished, as evidenced by the processed archival materials.
It is noted that, based on the historical experience of regional courts in Galicia (1850–1918), in modern conditions in Ukraine it is important to: develop a new procedure for the selection of judges on a competitive basis, which will ensure the qualification evaluation of judges according to the same transparent criteria and provide for regular evaluation of the professional activity of judges, enshrining in the legislation the principle of raising the professional level of judges as the main criterion for the promotion of a judge in a professional career; introduce mechanisms for achieving the unity of judicial practice by using the research and analytical capabilities of higher specialized courts, strengthening the role of the Supreme Court of Ukraine, ensuring their close cooperation with academic institutions (the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine, leading higher legal educational institutions); to develop integrity control mechanisms, in particular, the provision by judges and family members of judges of extended declarations of property status, income and expenses, the introduction of proportional sanctions for failure to submit or submission of an incomplete or unreliable declaration, including through an effective system of measures against a judge who is suspected of corruption actions, clear normative regulation of the institute of functional immunity of a judge; to improve the procedure for the distribution of cases between courts, according to which minor civil and criminal cases must be transferred for consideration and resolution to the future magistrate’s court at the first instance level, which would significantly reduce the burden on the newly created district courts, and serious criminal cases should be transferred to district courts for consideration with the participation of jurors, where a professional judge will supervise the judicial process, compliance by the parties to the process and the imposition of punishment, which will eliminate the corruption component in the courts; for appellate and cassation institutions to establish a clear distinction regarding the consideration of cases in appellate and cassation institutions; legislate the following: if the price of a civil lawsuit is up to 50 subsistence minimums established by the state at the moment, then the decision of the court of first instance must be final and will not be subject to appeal in the appellate court; if the price of the claim will be from 50 to 100 subsistence minimums established by the state at the moment, then the civil case can be appealed in the appellate instance and its decision must be final (this will significantly relieve the work of the appellate and cassation instances). in order to prevent abuse, it is necessary to specify and adhere to a reasonable term of consideration of the case in the appellate courts of Ukraine and to ensure the equal rights of the participants in the court proceedings for an appeal (as well as a cassation) appeal based on the general permissive method of legal regulation.
39
Barbash, Daria. "VIDEO RECORDING AS EVIDENCE OF VIOLENT CRIMES IN A CRIMINAL PROCEEDING AND ITS NEGATIVE IMPACT ON THE JUDGE DURING ITS INVESTIGATION IN TRIAL." Archives of Criminology and Forensic Sciences 7, no. 1 (April 16, 2023): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.32353/acfs.7.2023.05.
Abstract:
According to statistical data dated 2022, in Ukraine the majority of indictments sent to court involve signs of violent crimes. Therefore, judges working in general jurisdiction courts are almost daily confronted with case materials containing evidence of violence perpetrated by the accused against the victims. During examination of video recordings as evidence of violent crimes in trial, judges are directly exposed to witnessing such acts of violence, which in turn has a negative impact on their psychological state. This negative influence manifests itself in traumatic or prolonged traumatic stress, which can transform into post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Despite a considerable number of research papers devoted to the definition of violent crimes and the role of video recordings in the system of evidence in the current Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine, it is necessary to admit that the legal literature does not sufficiently address the issue of the negative impact on judges of the examination of video evidence of violent crimes during court proceedings and the ways in which such impact manifests itself.
The Article Aim is to analyze the phenomenon of violent crime in Ukraine, the use of video recordings as evidence in criminal proceedings, negative effects endured by judges when examining video evidence of violent crimes, identifying signs of traumatic impact on judges during such examination, analyzing the role of psychological preparation for judge candidates during specialized training and for judges while advanced training at the National School of Judges of Ukraine, and presenting my own perspective on means of preventing and addressing stress among judges.
It has been demonstrated that close contact with human suffering during performance of judicial duties has a significant traumatic impact on judges, and examination of video recordings of acts of violence creates the highest emotional attachment to such violence in contrast to other types of evidence, thus undoubtedly contributing to workplace psychological trauma in the digital age. In turn, video recordings in the framework of the domestic criminal legislation are considered as documents, and therefore they must be examined by judges directly in trial, in compliance with provisions of the current Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine.
It has been established that tools for managing psychological state are provided to future judges during their professional psychological training at the National School of Judges of Ukraine and can be further supplemented through advanced training. However, considering that the issue of judges’ psychological well-being, their awareness of self-control of their own psychological state, stress management, and post-traumatic stress disorder currently receive insufficient attention, effective means of institutional support have been proposed: personal leave (days of “mental health”); provision of assistance through closed, confidential counseling; conducting trainings or seminars on types of traumatizing evidence; provision of education and sufficient information about signs and symptoms of traumatic stress, prolonged traumatic stress, and PTSD; developing healthy strategies for coping with such conditions; holding trainings for the staff to maintain a healthy work environment; developing an informal support network. In addition, emphasis is placed on personal responsibility of judges for their own psychological well-being. What is more, recommendations on acknowledging stress as an atypical phenomenon as well as methods for self-regulation of psychological state are provided.
40
VLASOVA, ELVIRA, and ALEXANDER KHMELKOV. "INVESTIGATION OF PARAGENETIC PECULIARITIES OF THE COMPOSITION OF CLINOPYROXENES FROM KIMBERLITES (THE CHUKUK PIPE, YAKUTIA, AS AN EXAMPLE)." Domestic geology, no. 3 (July 14, 2022): 69–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.47765/0869-7175-2022-10017.
Abstract:
The MineralogicalAnalyse specialized computer program was applied to study the chemical composition of clinopyroxenes from kimberlites of the Chukuk pipe. The software was especially designed to identify a paragenetic affinity of kimberlite minerals, based on their composition. It is able to recognize 31 parageneses among the clinopyroxenes. The compositional peculiarities of clinopyroxenes of the distinguished parageneses and their relationships were described in detail. The data presented most completely characterize the paragenetic diversity of clinopyroxenes from kimberlites and their related placers. According to the investigation, kimberlites of the Chukuk pipe are dominated by clinopyroxenes of poorly diamond-bearing parageneses, which consistent with the poor diamond-bearing potential of the body. The varieties from poorly diamond-bearing equigranular lerzolites are most common (41,5 %). Thus, the usage of the MineralogicalAnalyse software allows one to judge not only on deep-seated sources of clinopyroxenes from kimberlites, but also to do on the diamond-bearing potential of these sources.
41
König, J., and U. Feldmann. "Ordinal Classification in Medical Prognosis." Methods of Information in Medicine 41, no. 02 (2002): 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1634300.
Abstract:
Summary Objectives: Medical prognosis is commonly expressed in terms of ordered outcome categories. This paper provides simple statistical procedures to judge whether the predictor variables reflect this natural ordering. Methods: The concept of stochastic ordering in logistic regression and discrimination models is applied to naturally ordered outcome scales in medical prognosis. Results: The ordering stage is assessed by a data-generated choice between ordered, partially ordered, and unordered models. The ordinal structure of the outcome is particularly taken into consideration in the construction of allocation rules and in the assessment of their performance. The specialized models are compared to the unordered model with respect to the classification efficiency in a clinical prognostic study. Conclusions: It is concluded that our approach offers more flexibility than the widely used cumulative-odds model and more stability than the multinomial logistic model. The procedure described in this paper is strongly recommended for practical applications to support medical decision-making.
42
Noupal, Muhammad. "Menelusuri karya intelektual Sayyid Usmanbin Yahya dalam bidang fikih." Ijtihad : Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam dan Kemanusiaan 11, no. 1 (June 1, 2011): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/ijtihad.v11i1.61-80.
Abstract:
Sayyid Usman, a Hadrami scholar in the 19th and early 20th century was very controversial. He was themufty of Batavia as well as advisor to the Netherlands East Indies. Especially as a mufty, Sayyid Usmanwas becoming a reference to the people who requested for a ruling of law. Supported by his ownprinting litographyc, Sayyid Usman was able to convey his views dan ideas widely through the publica-tion of books and treatises. The books produced by Sayyid Usman specialized in the field of Islamic lawor fiqh which refers to social jurisprudence. While related to the fiqh of worship, more concise and verysimple. Among his works in the field of law, the book of al-Qawanin al-Shar’iyyah is a very importantwork. This book contains a methodological description on how to take a legal decision (fatwa). Asadmitted, the purpose of writing al-Qawanin is a guide for prince and a judge of religion, especially inlegal decisions based on Ahlu Sunna sect.
43
Salmon, Elizabeth. "Institutional Approach between ihl and ihrl." Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies 5, no. 1-2 (January 10, 2014): 152–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18781527-00501010.
Abstract:
Recently, the interaction between international human rights law (ihrl) and international humanitarian law (ihl) has been significantly developed by the jurisprudence of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (iacthr). This article analyzes this recent trend from the cases of the Santo Domingo Massacre and Afro communities displaced from the Cacarica River Basin (Operation Genesis) of this tribunal to assert its competence not only to use ihl to interpret the Inter-American human rights instruments but, at the same time, to approach a direct use of humanitarian standards, which creates a gray area between the interpretation and application of such area of law. In doing so, the Court resorts to the lex specialis, if the ihl norm is the most specialized for the case, and uses ihl to a limited extent, only to expand the content of human rights, but not to judge on possible violations of ihl, which results in a methodology of pick and choose of ihl provisions.
44
Matyas, David. "Short Circuit: A Failing Technology for Administering Justice in Nunavut." Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice 35 (May 30, 2018): 379–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/wyaj.v35i0.5787.
Abstract:
If all you have is a hammer everything looks like a nail, but if all you have is a circuit court what happens to the administration of justice? This paper explores the history and contemporary usages of the itinerant ‘circuit court’ in the Canadian Arctic. Presenting the circuit court as a technology of justice, the paper explores why and how this instrument has been employed and the possibilities it constrains. Looking to the challenges of administering justice in contemporary Nunavut, the paper argues that a different type of technology may be needed: One that facilitates work, rather than exercises control; allows for specialized outcomes in place of compliant results; and that focusses on the growth of justice instead of products that are just. The paper concludes by exploring the local, sedentary, judge-based system of Greenland—steeped in its civilian procedural law—as a compelling alternative technology to the circuit court in Nunavut.
45
Alghanim, Bashayer. "The Role of Party Autonomy in Choosing Procedural Law in Arbitration: the rules of the WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Centre." International Review of Law 9, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 207–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/irl.2020.0096.
Abstract:
While the role of parties’ autonomy is of minimal importance when discussing procedures in cases including foreign element presented before the courts, it plays an important role in the choice of applicable law in arbitration procedures. The reason for this is that an arbitrator is not subject to law of jurisdiction, in the same way as a national judge. In response to the development of protection of intellectual property, the World Intellectual Property Organization “WIPO” organization has established an arbitration and Mediation centre, described as the first institutional international center specialized in settling intellectual property disputes, and has given the parties freedom to choose the law applicable to procedure. The study concludes that it is essential to introduce amendments to the WIPO arbitration rules to guarantee legal clarity and prevent confusion, such as imposing characterization to the law of the selected seat of arbitration, the need for explicit choice on the law governing the arbitration procedures, and clarification about what is meant by the law of the seat of arbitration in the absence of choice.
46
Dessalegn, Kaletsidk, Betelihem Girma, Keder Essa Oumer, Metages Hunie, and Kumlachew Geta Belete. "Patients’ awareness of their rights, associated factors and its practice by health professionals from a patient perspective among elective surgical patients at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study, 2021." BMJ Open 12, no. 11 (November 2022): e060218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060218.
Abstract:
ObjectivesTo assess the patients’ awareness of their rights, associated factors and the practice of these rights by the medical team from the patients’ perspective at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital.DesignAn institution-based prospective cross-sectional study was carried out.SettingThe research was conducted from January to May 2021 in a specialised hospital in central Ethiopia.Participants392 people who had elective surgery were included in this study; 217 men and 175 women responded. Systematic random sampling was employed to choose the research subjects, and K (skip interval) was calculated using the 3-month surgical waiting list at the hospital. Patients under the age of 18, those with severe illnesses, those who were not inpatients, and those who had diagnosable mental conditions were not eligible.Primary and secondary outcome measuresA structured questionnaire was administered in a face-to-face interview by trained data collectors after surgery at the surgical ward and analysed by using SPSS V.24. Bivariate and multivariable regression analyses were used to identify the associated factors. A p<0.05 was used to judge the significance of the association.ResultPatients’ awareness about their rights was 76%. Educational level, place of residency and the number of hospital admission were significantly associated with patients’ awareness. The majority (83.2%) of patients reported that health providers had poor practices regarding patient rights.ConclusionMost patients were unaware of most of their rights, and the majority of patients reported that healthcare providers did a poor job of protecting their patients’ rights. To advance the application and understanding of patient rights, access to various facilities, patient and healthcare provider education programmes, and patient rights information technology must be improved.
47
د. علي بن حسن يعن الله القرني, د. علي بن حسن يعن الله القرني. "A proposed model for measuring administrative transparency in Saudi universities in light of the Kingdom's 2030 vision." journal of King Abdulaziz University Arts And Humanities 28, no. 13 (May 6, 2020): 157–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4197/art.28-13.6.
Abstract:
the study aimed to build a proposed model for measuring administrative transparency in Saudi universities in the light of the Kingdom's 2030 vision. The researcher has used the descriptive approach (documentary) with its various approaches to build the model; by extrapolating many primary and secondary sources related to administrative transparency and methods of measuring them in universities, then the researcher has used the Delphi method to judge the model from specialized educational leadership experts and practitioners. The process of building the model went through seven stages. The model was built in its initial form in the first three stages, and it consists of 9 standards and 130 indicators. The first model No. (1) in the fourth stage was judged by specialists in educational management, leadership and practitioners of academic leadership in terms of formulation, affiliation and proposals. Based on the opinions of the arbitrators, another model No. (2) was built, consisting of 9 standards and 119 indicators. In the fifth stage, the researcher used the Delphi method to arbitrate it from experts in terms of relevancy and measurability. In the sixth stage, the researcher used the Delphi method to arbitrate the second model again. Form No. (2) was sent again to the experts accompanied by the results of its arbitration in the previous round; as a feedback, by asking experts to review their responses in the previous round in terms of relevancy and measurability. In the seventh and final stage, and based on the results of the third round; indicators were adopted, the degree of their significance and their ability to measure together according to the opinion of experts (70% or more), and the deletion of indicators whose degree of importance or measurability according to expert opinion of (70%). Accordingly, the proposed final model was reached, the findings consist of 9 standards and 104 indicators. Based on the findings, the researcher recommends employing the proposed model for measuring administrative transparency in Saudi universities by the Ministry of Education, governmental and private universities, the National Anti-Corruption Authority, the National Authority for Academic Assessment and Accreditation. The researcher also, recommends that , academic leaders in Saudi universities should benefit from the criteria and indicators the proposed model contained in the self-evaluation for the relevant bodies in which they work, and to provide specialized professional training courses according to the training needs that are demonstrated by applying the proposed model for the level of administrative transparency in the university.
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Nasralla, Victor. "Lavagem de dinheiro e infração antecedente: Conexão e seus efeitos." Revista do Instituto de Ciências Penais 6, no. 1 (January 2020): 173–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.46274/1809-192xricp2020v6p173-208.
Abstract:
The purpose of this article is to analyze the application of the rules that deal with connection between cases (joinder of actions) in criminal proceedings, specifically regarding money laundering crimes and their previous crimes. For this purpose, specific ordinary legislation on the processing of money laundering crimes and their previous crimes will be analyzed, as well as the general rules of the Brazilian Code of Cri- minal Procedure on the subject, in addition to secondary laws regarding extending jurisdiction (creation of specialized courts), always having as premise the content and the limits which ensures the constitutional guarantee of a natural judge. Thereafter, the delimitation of jurisdic- tion will be analyzed in cases of connection between a previous crime within the jurisdiction of the Electoral Court and the crime of money laundering, as well as a previous offense committed by one with exclu- sive jurisdiction and the crime of money laundering committed by a private individual without the privilege of venue, or vice versa, and in the event that both defendants have jurisdiction due to the prerogative of function, but which the Constitution assigns to different courts.
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Measey, G. John, and Anthony Herrel. "Rotational feeding in caecilians: putting a spin on the evolution of cranial design." Biology Letters 2, no. 4 (July 25, 2006): 485–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2006.0516.
Abstract:
Caecilians are a poorly known group of amphibians with a highly derived skull and cranial musculature that has evolved in response to their specialized head-first burrowing lifestyle. They possess a unique jaw-closing system, which is shown to be capable of generating considerable bite forces for its head width (1.09±0.34 and 0.62±0.31 N for Schistometopum thomense and Boulengerula taitanus , respectively). However, comprehensive dietary studies indicate that there is no need for large bite forces, since most caecilians appear to be generalist predators of subterranean macrofauna. Here, we demonstrate, based on in vivo external and X-ray video recordings of animals feeding, that long-axis body rotations are used independent of prey size by these two species of caeciliid caecilians when feeding underground. Further, we show that individuals are capable of generating a substantial spinning force, which is greater than their bite force (1.35±0.26 and 1.02±0.18 N, respectively). These observations shed light on the functional and the evolutionary significance of several unique features of the cranial design in derived caecilians; spinning may allow the individuals to judge prey size and subsequently reduce oversized prey within gape limits.
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Lalova, Valentina, Gergana Petrova, and Elena Merdzhanova. "Assessment of various aspects of using protocols in intensive care units in Plovdiv, Bulgaria." Medical Science Pulse 13, no. 2 (April 18, 2019): 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.1586.
Abstract:
Background: Since 1950 intensive care has become a separate and independent specialty. Significant technological advances have allowed the Intensive Care Unit (ICU)s to be monitored through the centralized work of a multidisciplinary team of specialists. ICUs provide cares at different levels of support. To provide patient access to this highly specialized cares, the “Critical care without walls” or “Intensive Care without Borders” theories have emerged, involving reanimation nurses offering highly specialized care and support. Protocols for nurses have been developed, with the aim of facilitating their day-to-day activities, improving outcomes and safety of patients and all staff. Utilizing this concept, the role of intensive care has rapidly expanded over the past 20 years. Aim of the study: To understand the effectiveness and benefits derived from organisation of the working process. Material and methods: We used documentary and survey methods and analysed the data using the software package SPSS v. 21.0. Graphics were prepared using Microsoft Excel 2013. Numbers from 1 to 5 refer to the answers “no”, “not really”, “cannot judge”, “closer to yes” and “yes”, respectively. Results: Nurses’ performance, as an integral part of multidisciplinary ICU teams, is evidence that mortality and morbidity can be improved thanks to the early recognition of patient deterioration and rapid resuscitation. The better healing process is accomplished by optimising the content and evaluation of the desired results, in association with good doctor practices. Respondents’ opinions about outcomes of protocol use differed significantly between professions in regard to making their job easier, improving patient outcomes, providing consistency in care, and preventing patient harm. Conclusions: A more flexible and standard framework for nurses should be developed to improve quality of care. The rapidly growing lack of ICU nurses in Bulgaria is concerning.