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1
Son, I. M., M. A. Ivanova, T. V. Vavilova, V. V. Lyutsko, O. I. Sachek, L. P. Oskova, and A. V. Vorykhanov. "Time norms for laboratory tests by specialists of clinical diagnostic and microbiological laboratories." Manager Zdravoochranenia, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21045/1811-0185-2021-3-40-45.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. Changes in material and technical conditions and the introduction of high-tech methods in the field of health care, as in any other industry, indicates the need to study the work process of specialists in order to make organizational decisions to optimize their activities. Purpose of the study: to establish the norms of time for laboratory research and the structure of working time costs for specialists with higher education engaged in clinical laboratory diagnostics. M a t e r i a l a n d m e t h o d s . As part of the implementation of the action plan (“road map”) for the approval of standard sectoral labor standards in the health sector in 2016–2020. With the involvement of the main specialists of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation in the pilot regions of the country, photo-timing studies and an expert assessment of the working process of specialists with higher education engaged in laboratory diagnostics were carried out. Photo-timing research and expert assessment of the workflow of specialists with higher education engaged in laboratory diagnostics were carried out using specially developed maps of technological operations, on the basis of which statistical data processing was carried out and the costs of working time of specialists were determined. Calculations of time norms were carried out taking into account the performance of laboratory studies using automated and semi-automated workflow technologies and semi-automatic methods. To assess the data obtained, analytical research and analytical calculation methods were used, as well as expert (based on the experience of leading specialists in laboratory diagnostics) and statistical (data from forms of federal statistical observation № 30) methods. The study involved highly qualified specialists with at least five years of experience in this industry. R e s u l t s . It was found that in the structure of working time costs of specialists with higher education, engaged in laboratory diagnostics, more than half of the working time (54.3%) is occupied by the main activity, work with medical documentation takes up to 14.5% of the working time. The minimum time in the structure of working time costs falls on other activities (4.1%). C o n c l u s i o n . The average duration of various types of laboratory research has been established, which will allow rationally planning the volume of activities and calculating the number of specialists with higher education to perform clinical laboratory research using modern technologies in the labor process.
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Kåberg, M., P. E. Klasa, and T. Nordin. "Psychiatrist-led treatment of hepatitis C (HCV) at an opioid agonist treatment (OAT) clinic in Stockholm - enhancing the HCV treatment care cascade." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (June 2022): S176—S177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.468.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction People who inject drugs (PWID) and opioid agonist treatment (OAT) patients have an increased hepatitis C (HCV) prevalence. Studies among these populations show promising HCV treatment results, which is essential to reach the WHO goal of eliminating HCV as a major public health threat by 2030. Objectives To introduce psychiatrist-led HCV treatment at an OAT clinic and to investigate HCV treatment results, i.e. sustained virological response at 12 weeks post treatment (SVR12) and numbers of reinfections. Methods Prima Maria OAT clinic in Stockholm, provides OAT for 450 patients. The majority have a history of injection drug use. Baseline HCV prevalence (January 2018) was retrospectively investigated through medical charts. In January 2018, psychiatrist-led HCV treatment (with consultation support from infectious diseases specialists) was introduced at the clinic. Prospective treatment results, numbers of reinfections and incidence rates between January 2018 and April 2021 were further investigated. Results Baseline data (n=418), showed that 46% were not tested for HCV. Of those tested (n=225), 64% had a chronic HCV infection. By January 2021, 104 HCV treatments were initiated. 97/97 (100%) were HCV RNA negative at end-of-treatment. 78/88 (89%) reached SVR12. Overall, 2 reinfections were noted after SVR12 corresponding to a reinfection rate of 3.5/100 PY. Numbers of HCV treatment did not decrease during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions To enhance the HCV treatment cascade, targeted HCV diagnosis efforts are needed. Bringing HCV treatment to OAT clinics enhance the HCV care cascade. HCV treatment education for psychiatrists/addiction specialists makes HCV treatment more sustainable, as specifically noted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Disclosure This study was partly funded by Gilead Nordic Fellowship 2020. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the poster/manuscript.
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Khadijah, Arlina, Miftahul Jannah Addaudy, and Maisarah. "The Effect of Edutainment Learning Model on Early Childhood Socio-emotional Development." JPUD - Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini 15, no. 2 (November 30, 2021): 201–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jpud.152.01.
Full textAbstract:
The idea of edutainment began to become the interest of early childhood educators to make the learning process more holistic, including knowledge about how the brain works, memory, motivation, self-image, emotions, learning styles, and other learning strategies. This study aims to analyse and compare the effect of edutainment and group learning on the socio-emotional development of early childhood. This research method uses a quasi-experimental design with data collection techniques derived from the results of the pre-test and post-test on 20 children. The results of this study indicate that there are differences in the influence of edutainment learning with the control group on the social-emotional development of early childhood. Although both groups affect the socio-emotional development, edutainment learning has a better effect than the control group. For further research, it is recommended to create various types of edutainments learning to improve various aspects of children development.
Keywords: Early Childhood, Edutainment Learning Model, Socio-emotional Development
References:
Afrianti, N. (2018). Permainan Tradisional, Alternatif Media Pengembangan Kompetensi Sosial-Emosi Anak Usia Dini [Traditional Games, Alternative Media for Early Childhood Social-Emotional Competence Development]. Cakrawala Dini: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.17509/cd.v5i1.10405
Alwaely, S. A., Yousif, N. B. A., & Mikhaylov, A. (2021). Emotional development in preschoolers and socialization. Early Child Development and Care, 191(16), 2484–2493. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2020.1717480
Andri Oza, & Zaman, B. (2016). Edutainment dalam Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam. Mudarrisa: Jurnal Kajian Pendidikan Islam, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.18326/mdr.v8i1.117-144
Aubert, A., Molina, S., Schubert, T., & Vidu, A. (2017). Learning and inclusivity via Interactive Groups in early childhood education and care in the Hope school, Spain. Learning, Culture and Social Interaction, 13, 90–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lcsi.2017.03.002
Breaux, R. P., Harvey, E. A., & Lugo-Candelas, C. I. (2016). The Role of Parent Psychopathology in Emotion Socialization. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 44(4), 731–743. PubMed. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-015-0062-3
Capurso, M., & Ragni, B. (2016). Bridge Over Troubled Water: Perspective Connections between Coping and Play in Children. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 1953. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01953
Cheng, Y.-J., & Ray, D. C. (2016). Child-Centered Group Play Therapy: Impact on Social-Emotional Assets of Kindergarten Children. The Journal for Specialists in Group Work, 41(3), 209–237. https://doi.org/10.1080/01933922.2016.1197350
Chilingaryan, K., & Zvereva, E. (2020). Edutainment As a New Tool for Development. JAEDU- International E-Journal of Advances in Education, 16, 9.
Chiu, M. M., & Chow, B. W. Y. (2011). Classroom Discipline Across Forty-One Countries: School, Economic, and Cultural Differences. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 42(3), 516–533. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022110381115
Chung, K. K. H., Lam, C. B., & Liew, J. (2020). Studying Children’s Social-Emotional Development in School and at Home through a Cultural Lens. Early Education and Development, 31(6), 927–929. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2020.1782860
Crescenzi-Lanna, L., & Grané-Oró, M. (2016). An Analysis of the Interaction Design of the Best Educational Apps for Children Aged Zero to Eight = Análisis del diseño interactivo de las mejores apps educativas para niños de ceroa ocho años.
Creswell, J. W. (2015). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (Fifth edition). Pearson.
Dandashi, A., Karkar, A. G., Saad, S., Barhoumi, Z., Al-Jaam, J., & El Saddik, A. (2015). Enhancing the Cognitive and Learning Skills of Children with Intellectual Disability through Physical Activity and Edutainment Games. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, 11(6), 165165. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/165165
Denham, S. A. (2006). Social-Emotional Competence as Support for School Readiness: What Is It and How Do We Assess It? Early Education and Development, 17(1), 57–89. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15566935eed1701_4
Eurenius, E., Richter Sundberg, L., Vaezghasemi, M., Silfverdal, S.-A., Ivarsson, A., & Lindkvist, M. (2019). Social-emotional problems among three-year-olds differ based on the child’s gender and custody arrangement. Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway: 1992), 108(6), 1087–1095. PubMed. https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.14668
Goldschmidt, T., & Pedro, A. (2019). Early childhood socio-emotional development indicators: Pre-school teachers’ perceptions. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 29(5), 474–479. https://doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2019.1665887
Guran, A.-M., Cojocar, G. S., & Dioşan, L. S. (2020). Developing smart edutainment for preschoolers: A multidisciplinary approach. Proceedings of the 2nd ACM SIGSOFT International Workshop on Education through Advanced Software Engineering and Artificial Intelligence, 20–26. https://doi.org/10.1145/3412453.3423197
Halle, T. G., & Darling-Churchill, K. E. (2016). Review of measures of social and emotional development. Measuring Social and Emotional Development in Early Childhood, 45, 8–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2016.02.003
Hamada, M., & Tsubaki, M. (2021). Relationship Analysis between Children Interests and Their Positive Emotions for Mobile Libraries’ Community Development in a Tsunami Area. Qualitative and Quantitative Methods in Libraries, 31.
Heller, S. S., Rice, J., Boothe, A., Sidell, M., Vaughn, K., Keyes, A., & Nagle, G. (2012). Social-Emotional Development, School Readiness, Teacher–Child Interactions, and Classroom Environment. Early Education & Development, 23(6), 919–944. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2011.626387
Hirsh-Pasek, K., Zosh, J. M., Golinkoff, R. M., Gray, J. H., Robb, M. B., & Kaufman, J. (2015). Putting Education in “Educational” Apps: Lessons from the Science of Learning. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 16(1), 3–34. https://doi.org/10.1177/1529100615569721
Hurlock, E. B. (2001). Developmental Psychology. McGraw-Hill Education. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=DiovBU8zMA4C
Maitner, A. T., Mackie, D. M., Pauketat, J. V. T., & Smith, E. R. (2017). The Impact of Culture and Identity on Emotional Reactions to Insults. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 48(6), 892–913. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022117701194
Marcelo, A. K., & Yates, T. M. (2014). Prospective relations among pre-schoolers’ play, coping, and adjustment as moderated by stressful events. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 35(3), 223–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2014.01.001
McClelland, M. M., & Cameron, C. E. (2011). Self-regulation and academic achievement in elementary school children. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 2011(133), 29–44. https://doi.org/10.1002/cd.302
Mohd Yusof, A., Daniel, E. G. S., Low, W. Y., & Ab. Aziz, K. (2014). Teachers’ perception of mobile edutainment for special needs learners: The Malaysian case. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 18(12), 1237–1246. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2014.885595
Mok, M. M. C. (2019). Social and emotional learning. Educational Psychology, 39(9), 1115–1118. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2019.1654195
Munirah. (2018). Urgensi Pengembangan Sosial dan Emosional Anak Usia Dini. Irfani, 14(1), 19–27.
Nasser, I., Miller-Idriss, C., & Alwani, A. (2019). Reconceptualizing Education Transformation in Muslim Societies: The Human Development Approach. The Journal of Education in Muslim Societies, 1(1), 3–25. JSTOR.
Nikolayev, M., Reich, S. M., Muskat, T., Tadjbakhsh, N., & Callaghan, M. N. (2021). Review of feedback in edutainment games for preschoolers in the USA. Journal of Children and Media, 15(3), 358–375. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482798.2020.1815227
Nurmalitasari, F. (2015). Perkembangan Sosial Emosi Pada Anak Usia Prasekolah. Psikologi UGM, 23(2). https://doi.org/10.22146/bpsi.10567
Okan, Z. (2003). Edutainment: Is learning at risk? Br. J. Educ. Technol., 34, 255–264.
Pojani, D., & Rocco, R. (2020). Edutainment: Role-Playing versus Serious Gaming in Planning Education. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 0739456X2090225. https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456X20902251
Protassova, E. (2021). Emotional development in the educational preschool programs of Soviet and Post-Soviet Times. Russian Journal of Communication, 13(1), 97–109. https://doi.org/10.1080/19409419.2021.1884338
Purwanto, S. (2019). Unsur Pembelajaran Edutainment dalam Quantum Learning. Al-Fikri: Jurnal Studi Dan Penelitian Pendidikan Islam, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.30659/jspi.v2i2.5149
Ren, L., Knoche, L. L., & Edwards, C. P. (2016). The Relation between Chinese Preschoolers’ Social-Emotional Competence and Preacademic Skills. Early Education and Development, 27(7), 875–895. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2016.1151719
Rose-Krasnor, L. (1997). The Nature of Social Competence: A Theoretical Review. Social Development, 6, 111–135.
Rusydi, N. A. (2018). Pengaruh Penerapan Metode Edutainment Dalam Pembelajaran Terhadap Hasil Belajar IPS Murid SD Kartika XX-1. Dikdas Matappa: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Dasar, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.31100/dikdas.v1i2.281
Shodiqin, R. (2016). Pembelajaran Berbasis Edutainment [Edutainment-Based Learning]. Jurnal Al-Maqayis, 4(1). https://doi.org/doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.18592/jams.v4i1.792
Sprung, M., Münch, H. M., Harris, P. L., Ebesutani, C., & Hofmann, S. G. (2015). Children’s emotion understanding: A meta-analysis of training studies. Developmental Review, 37, 41–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2015.05.001
Sutherland, S., Stuhr, P. T., Ressler, J., Smith, C., & Wiggin, A. (2019). A Model for Group Processing in Cooperative Learning. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 90(3), 22–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/07303084.2019.1559676
Vygotski, L. S. (2012). Thought and Language. MIT Press.
Watanabe, N., Denham, S. A., Jones, N. M., Kobayashi, T., Bassett, H. H., & Ferrier, D. E. (2019). Working Toward Cross-Cultural Adaptation: Preliminary Psychometric Evaluation of the Affect Knowledge Test in Japanese Pre-schoolers. SAGE Open, 9(2), 2158244019846688. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019846688
Young, E. L., Moulton, S. E., & Julian, A. (2021). Integrating social-emotional-behavioural screening with early warning indicators in a high school setting. Preventing School Failure: Alternative Education for Children and Youth, 65(3), 255–265. https://doi.org/10.1080/1045988X.2021.1898319
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Moerdisuroso, Indro. "Reading Children's Drawings Through Analysis of Three Metafunctions." JPUD - Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini 16, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 186–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jpud.161.13.
Full textAbstract:
For researchers, early childhood educators, and art educators, the contribution of this article is to expand meaning in drawing activities. Perspective in reading pictures using visual culture theory, especially visual grammar. This study aims to share knowledge and experiences in reading early childhood pictures from different perspectives. This research method uses a qualitative descriptive approach through visual material data collection techniques and analysis of three metafunctions. The objects of research are three pictures of children aged 7-8 years, namely the works of winners of the I-III children's painting competition held by PP-IPTEK TMII in 2018. Aspects of the representation structure, interaction system, and composition of each image are analyzed. The research findings conclude that the ideational function of the three images shows a narrative structure of representation and raises the discourse of resistance to the actual situation. The interpersonal function of the three images places the image maker in the real world and as an object of display impersonally. The textual functions of the three images position social life on other planets as a reflection of hope for real social life.Keywords: children's drawings, visual culture, visual system, three metafunctions
References:
Butler, S., Gross, J., & Hayne, H. (1995). The Effect of Drawing on Memory Performance in Young Children. Developmental Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.31.4.597
Creswell, J. W. (2015). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (Fifth edition). Pearson.
de Lautour, N. (2020). The Visual Arts and Children’s Thinking and Theorising in Early Childhood. Www.Elp.Co. Nz/Articles, 13.
Driessnack, M., & Furukawa, R. (2012). Arts-based data collection techniques used in child research. Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing, 17(1), 3–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6155.2011.00304.x
Elliot W, E., & D. Day, M. (2004). Handbook of Research and Policy in Art Education (1st Edition). Routledge.
Everts, H., & Withers, R. (2006). A Practitioner Survey of Interactive Drawing Therapy as Used in New Zealand. 16.
Freedman, K. J., & Stuhr, P. L. (2004). Curriculum Change for the 21st Century: Visual Culture in Art Education.
Funch, B. S. (1996). The aesthetic experience as a transcendent phenomenon. Nordisk Psykologi, 48(4), 266–278. https://doi.org/10.1080/00291463.1996.11863884
Gernhardt, A., Rübeling, H., & Keller, H. (2013). “This Is My Family”: Differences in Children’s Family Drawings Across Cultures. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 44(7), 1166–1183. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022113478658
Hirsh-Pasek, K., Zosh, J. M., Golinkoff, R. M., Gray, J. H., Robb, M. B., & Kaufman, J. (2015). Putting Education in “Educational” Apps: Lessons from the Science of Learning. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 16(1), 3–34. https://doi.org/10.1177/1529100615569721
Hwang, G.-J., Lai, C.-L., & Wang, S.-Y. (2015). Seamless flipped learning: A mobile technology-enhanced flipped classroom with effective learning strategies. Journal of Computers in Education, 2(4), 449–473. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40692-015-0043-0
Jolley, R. P. (2009). Children and Pictures: Drawing and Understanding. Wiley. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=QpGS9s9zqMoC
Kellogg, R. (1973). Misunderstanding Children’s Art. Art Education, 26(6), 7–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/00043125.1973.11652137
Knight, L. (2008). Communication and Transformation through Collaboration: Rethinking Drawing Activities in Early Childhood. Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood, 9(4), 306–316. https://doi.org/10.2304/ciec.2008.9.4.306
Kress, G. R., van Leeuwen, T., & Van Leeuwen, D. H. S. S. T. (1996). Reading Images: The Grammar of Visual Design. Routledge. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=vh07i06q-9AC
Kucirkova, N. (2017). IRPD—A framework for guiding design-based research for iPad apps. British Journal of Educational Technology, 48(2), 598–610. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12389
Lowenfeld, V. (1949). Creative and Mental Growth. Macmillan. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=x7tRAQAAMAAJ
Mamur, N. (2012). The Effect of Modern Visual Culture on Children’s Drawings. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 47, 277–283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.651
Moerdisuroso, I. (2017). Social Semiotics and Visual Grammar: A Contemporary Approach to Visual Text Research. International Journal of Creative and Arts Studies, 1(1), 80. https://doi.org/10.24821/ijcas.v1i1.1574
Nielsen, A. M. (2012). Forskeres arbejde med oplevelser af børns tegninger som forskningsmetode [The researcher’s work with children’s experiences of drawing as a research method]. Psyke & Logos.
Papadakis, S., & Kalogianakis, M. (2020). A Research Synthesis of the Real Value of Self-Proclaimed Mobile Educational Applications for Young Children. In Mobile Learning Applications in Early Childhood Education (pp. 1–19). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1486-3.ch001
Quaglia, R., Longobardi, C., Iotti, N. O., & Prino, L. E. (2015). A new theory on children’s drawings: Analyzing the role of emotion and movement in graphical development. Infant Behavior and Development, 39, 81–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2015.02.009
Santrock, J. W. (2011). Educational Psychology. McGraw-Hill Medical Publishing. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=M8S4kgEACAAJ
Vygotski, L. S. (2004). Imagination and Creativity in Childhood. Journal of Russian & East European Psychology, 42(1), 7–97. https://doi.org/10.1080/10610405.2004.11059210
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Maddocks, Matthew, Lisa Jane Brighton, Morag Farquhar, Sara Booth, Sophie Miller, Lara Klass, India Tunnard, et al. "Holistic services for people with advanced disease and chronic or refractory breathlessness: a mixed-methods evidence synthesis." Health Services and Delivery Research 7, no. 22 (June 2019): 1–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hsdr07220.
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Background Breathlessness is a common and distressing symptom of many advanced diseases, affecting around 2 million people in the UK. Breathlessness increases with disease progression and often becomes chronic or refractory. Breathlessness-triggered services that integrate holistic assessment and specialist palliative care input as part of a multiprofessional approach have been developed for this group, offering tailored interventions to support self-management and reduce distress. Objectives The aim was to synthesise evidence on holistic breathlessness services for people with advanced disease and chronic or refractory breathlessness. The objectives were to describe the structure, organisation and delivery of services, determine clinical effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and acceptability, identify predictors of treatment response, and elicit stakeholders’ evidence-based priorities for clinical practice, policy and research. Design The mixed-methods evidence synthesis comprised three components: (1) a systematic review to determine the clinical effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and acceptability of holistic breathlessness services; (2) a secondary analysis of pooled individual data from three trials to determine predictors of clinical response; and (3) a transparent expert consultation (TEC), comprising a stakeholder workshop and an online consensus survey, to identify stakeholders’ priorities. Results Thirty-seven papers reporting on 18 holistic breathlessness services were included in the systematic review. Most studies enrolled people with thoracic cancer, were delivered over 4–6 weeks, and included breathing training, relaxation techniques and psychological support. Meta-analysis demonstrated significant reductions in the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) distress due to breathlessness, significant reductions in the Hospital Anxiety and Depressions Scale (HADS) depression scores, and non-significant reductions in the Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire (CRQ) mastery and HADS anxiety, favouring the intervention. Recipients valued education, self-management interventions, and expertise of the staff in breathlessness and person-centred care. Evidence for cost-effectiveness was limited and inconclusive. The responder analysis (n = 259) revealed baseline CRQ mastery and NRS distress to be strong predictors of the response to breathlessness services assessed by these same measures, and no significant influence from baseline breathlessness intensity, patient diagnosis, lung function, health status, anxiety or depression. The TEC elicited 34 priorities from stakeholders. Seven priorities received high agreement and consensus, reflecting stakeholders’ (n = 74) views that services should be person-centred and multiprofessional, share their breathlessness management skills with others, and recognise the roles and support needs of informal carers. Limitations The evidence synthesis draws predominantly from UK services and may not be generalisable to other settings. Some meta-analyses were restricted by reporting biases and statistical heterogeneity. Conclusions Despite heterogeneity in composition and delivery, holistic breathlessness services are highly valued by recipients and can lead to significant improvements in the distress caused by breathlessness and depression. Outcomes of improved mastery and reduced distress caused by breathlessness are not influenced by patient diagnosis, lung function or health status. Stakeholders highlighted the need for improved access to person-centred, multiprofessional breathlessness services and support for informal carers. Future work Our research suggests that key therapeutic components of holistic breathlessness services be considered in clinical practice and models of delivery and educational strategies to address stakeholders’ priorities tested. Study registration This study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42017057508. Funding The National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Services and Delivery programme. Matthew Maddocks, Wei Gao and Irene J Higginson are supported by the NIHR Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) South London; Matthew Maddocks is supported by a NIHR Career Development Fellowship (CDF-2017-009), William D-C Man is supported by the NIHR CLAHRC Northwest London and Irene J Higginson holds a NIHR Emeritus Senior Investigator Award.
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Bayliss, Sue E., and Clare Davenport. "Locating systematic reviews of test accuracy studies: How five specialist review databases measure up." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 24, no. 04 (October 2008): 403–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462308080537.
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Objectives:The aim of this study was to examine location of systematic reviews of test accuracy in five specialist review databases: York CRD's DARE and HTA databases, Medion (University of Maastricht), C-EBLM (International Federation of Clinical Chemistry), and the ARIF in-house database (University of Birmingham).Methods:Searches were limited to the period 1996–2006. Test accuracy reviews were located using in-house diagnostic search filters and with help from database producers where databases were not confined to test accuracy reviews. References were coded according to disease area, review purpose, and test application. Ease of use, volume, overlap, and content of databases was noted.Results:A large degree of overlap existed between databases. Medion contained the largest number (n= 672) and the largest number of unique (n= 328) test accuracy references. A combination of three databases identified only 76% of test reviews. All databases were rated as easy to search but varied with respect to timeliness and compatibility with reference management software. Most reviews evaluated test accuracy (85%) but the HTA database had a larger proportion of cost-effectiveness and screening reviews and C-EBLM more reviews addressing early test development. Most reviews were conducted in secondary care settings.Conclusions:Specialist review databases offer an essential addition to general bibliographic databases where application of diagnostic method filters can compromise search sensitivity. Important differences exist between databases in terms of ease of use and content. Our findings raise the question whether the current balance of research setting, in particular the predominance of research on tests used in secondary care, matches the needs of decision makers.
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Nilasena, David S., Timothy F. Kresowik, Anton F. Piskac, Rebecca A. Hemann, Marian A. Brenton, June M. Wilwert, Marc E. Hendel, and Lynnette E. Nevins. "Warfarin Education and Monitoring in Medicare Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: Results from the National Stroke Project." Stroke 32, suppl_1 (January 2001): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/str.32.suppl_1.376-c.
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P204 Background: Anticoagulation with warfarin is recommended for stroke prevention for many patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). It is important that patients understand the appropriate use of warfarin and are monitored for optimal drug dosing. As part of HCFA’s initiative, we studied data related to these aspects of warfarin use. Methods: Project findings were based on abstracted data from a national sample of Medicare inpatient medical records with a principal or secondary diagnosis of AF (ICD-9-CM code 427.31) and discharged 4/98–3/99. All U.S. states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico were sampled using a systematic random approach. Patients included in analysis had documentation of a prescription for warfarin at discharge. Results: Of the 38,925 cases reviewed, 14,237 met the inclusion criteria. Nationwide, 2,274 (unadjusted rate, 16.0%) patient/family/caregivers received warfarin education. The rates varied from 5.7% to 26.9%. Univariate analyses showed that education was provided less frequently to adults 85 years and over (p<0.001, rate=11.1%, OR=0.60, 95% CI=0.53–0.69). Education was provided more frequently to Asians (p<0.001, n=77, rate=32.5%, OR=2.55, 95% CI=1.58–4.11) and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islanders (p<0.03, n=24, rate=33.3%, OR=2.64, 95% CI=1.13–6.17). Of the 14,237 patients that were prescribed warfarin at discharge, 7,959 (unadjusted rate, 55.9%) had a documented plan for a prothrombin time (PT)/International Normalized Ratio (INR). The rates varied from 21.3% to 67.6%. Univariate analyses showed that a planned PT/INR was documented less frequently for adults 85 years and over (p<0.001, rate=52.6%, OR=0.85, 95% CI=0.78–0.93), African-Americans (p<0.005, rate=50.2%, OR=0.79, 95% CI=0.67–0.93) and Asians (p<0.02, rate=41.6%, OR=0.56, 95% CI=0.36–0.88). Conclusions: Our results suggest that many patients receiving anticoagulation for stroke prevention are not receiving drug education and follow-up monitoring. Important high-risk subgroups were less likely to receive these aspects of anticoagulation management.
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Mikolas, Lena A., Kimberly Jacques, Mostaqul Huq, Charles Krasner, and Scott E. Mambourg. "Utilizing Clinical Pharmacist Specialist to Manage Hepatitis C Virus Patients on Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 32, no. 6 (May 21, 2018): 655–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190018777345.
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Objectives: To evaluate outcomes of a clinical pharmacist specialist (CPS)-managed hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment clinic (HCVTC) in treating HCV-infected veterans with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). Methods: We established a CPS-managed HCVTC under a collaborative practice agreement with our infectious disease physician (IDP). A total of 132 veterans were treated between November 1, 2014, and November 30, 2015. The CPS engaged in pretreatment screening, drug selection, patient education, medication counseling, drug therapy monitoring, drug utilization review, addressing issues on drug adherence, and routine and posttreatment follow-up of patients to assess sustained virologic response (SVR) after 12 weeks of treatment. Results: Of 132 patients managed by the CPS, 87 (66%) were treated with ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (LDV/SOF), 29 (22%) with paritaprevir/ritonavir/ombitasvir + dasabuvir (PrOD), and 16 (12%) with sofosbuvir (SOF)-based regimen. The corresponding regimens demonstrated a SVR rate of 92% (n = 80), 100% (n = 29), and 93.8% (n = 15), respectively. We achieved an SVR rate of 94% against HCV genotype 1 (GT-1) and 100% against GT-2 to GT-4. The overall SVR rate was 94% across regimens, showing 93% in treatment-naive patients and 96% in treatment-experienced patients, and 93% in noncirrhotic and 94% in compensated cirrhotic patients. The results were comparable to SVR data reported in pivotal trials for DAAs. Conclusion: The results suggest that CPS could be effectively utilized in drug therapy management of HCV-infected patients treated with DAAs.
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Kennedy, Rachel A., Georgia McKenzie, Carlee Holmes, and Nora Shields. "Social Support Initiatives That Facilitate Exercise Participation in Community Gyms for People with Disability: A Scoping Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010699.
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People with disability report social support facilitates participation in physical activity. A scoping review explored social support strategies used to facilitate exercise participation for people with disability (aged ≥ 15 years) in community gym settings. Seven electronic databases were searched. Studies were screened for eligibility based on title and abstract followed by full-text review. Data were analysed using content analysis and narrative synthesis. Forty-two articles reporting data from 35 studies were included. Eight types of social support were identified: supervision (n = 30), peer support (n = 21), specialist support (n = 19), orientation (n = 15), education (n = 7), logistical support (n = 6), motivational support (n = 5) and organised social activities (n = 4). Direct supervision was typically provided 1:1 or in small groups by staff experienced working with people with disability. Peer support typically involved support from exercise group participants or a peer mentor. Specialist support was usually provided by a health or exercise professional either directly to people with disability or to the people providing support to them (e.g., trainer). Orientation to the gym environment, equipment and exercise program was usually provided over 1 or 2 sessions. Gym staff may use these strategies to guide the implementation of social supports within their facilities to promote social connectedness and participation for people with disability.
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Invernizzi, Pietro Luigi, Gabriele Signorini, Marta Rigon, Alin Larion, Gaetano Raiola, Francesca D’Elia, Andrea Bosio, and Raffaele Scurati. "Promoting Children’s Psychomotor Development with Multi-Teaching Didactics." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 17 (September 1, 2022): 10939. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710939.
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This group randomized control trial examined the dose-response effect of varied combinations of linear and nonlinear pedagogy (enriched physical education with specific program led by specialist vs. conventional physical education led by generalist) for improving first-grade children’s motor creativity, executive functions, self-efficacy, and learning enjoyment. We led three physical education classes per group through 12 weeks of combined instruction, based on linear and nonlinear pedagogy: mostly linear (ML; 80% linear, 20% nonlinear; n = 62); mostly nonlinear (MNL; 20% linear, 80% nonlinear; n = 61); and control (C; conventional teaching from generalists; n = 60). MNL improved in (a) motor creativity ability (DMA; 48.7%, 76.5%, and 47.6% for locomotor, stability, and manipulative tasks, respectively); (b) executive functions (working memory and inhibitory control) for RNG task (14.7%) and task errors (70.8%); (c) self-efficacy (5.9%); and (d) enjoyment (8.3%). In ML, DMA improved by 18.0% in locomotor and 60.9% in manipulative tasks. C improved of 10.5% in enjoyment, and RNG task worsened by 22.6%. MNL improvements in DMA tasks, executive functions, and self-efficacy were significantly better than those in C. ML was better than C in DMA task and in executive functions’ task errors. Overall, ML and MNL approaches were more effective than conventional generalist teaching (C), and the MNL combination of 80% nonlinear and 20% linear pedagogy was optimal. We recommend that educators favor the MNL approach.
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Macmillan, Jenny. "Learning the piano: a study of attitudes to parental involvement." British Journal of Music Education 21, no. 3 (November 2004): 295–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265051704005807.
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Numerous studies in general education have concluded that parental involvement improves student achievement. Research in music education indicates that parental involvement is beneficial to progress on a musical instrument. However, few music teachers are known to actively encourage it. This paper reports on a detailed qualitative survey that examines teachers', pupils' and parents' attitudes to parental involvement, the extent and nature of that involvement, and pupils' resultant enjoyment and achievement.The survey found that, while pupils and parents alike welcome parental involvement, some teachers encourage this collaboration and some do not. Teachers who (a) have pedagogical qualifications, (b) have followed specialist courses, and (c) are experienced, prove more likely to encourage parental involvement.
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Vaccaro, Joan A., Kelitha Anderson, and Fatma G. Huffman. "Diabetes Self-Management Behaviors, Medical Care, Glycemic Control, and Self-Rated Health in U.S. Men by Race/Ethnicity." American Journal of Men's Health 10, no. 6 (July 8, 2016): NP99—NP108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988315585590.
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Men, particularly minorities, have higher rates of diabetes as compared with their counterparts. Ongoing diabetes self-management education and support by specialists are essential components to prevent the risk of complications such as kidney disease, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological impairments. Diabetes self-management behaviors, in particular, as diet and physical activity, have been associated with glycemic control in the literature. Recommended medical care for diabetes may differ by race/ethnicity. This study examined data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 2007 to 2010 for men with diabetes ( N = 646) from four racial/ethnic groups: Mexican Americans, other Hispanics, non-Hispanic Blacks, and non-Hispanic Whites. Men with adequate dietary fiber intake had higher odds of glycemic control (odds ratio = 4.31, confidence interval [1.82, 10.20]), independent of race/ethnicity. There were racial/ethnic differences in reporting seeing a diabetes specialist. Non-Hispanic Blacks had the highest odds of reporting ever seeing a diabetes specialist (84.9%) followed by White non-Hispanics (74.7%), whereas Hispanics reported the lowest proportions (55.2% Mexican Americans and 62.1% other Hispanics). Men seeing a diabetes specialist had the lowest odds of glycemic control (odds ratio = 0.54, confidence interval [0.30, 0.96]). The results of this study suggest that diabetes education counseling may be selectively given to patients who are not in glycemic control. These findings indicate the need for examining referral systems and quality of diabetes care. Future studies should assess the effectiveness of patient-centered medical care provided by a diabetes specialist with consideration of sociodemographics, in particular, race/ethnicity and gender.
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Donald, Faith, Kelley Kilpatrick, Kim Reid, Nancy Carter, Ruth Martin-Misener, Denise Bryant-Lukosius, Patricia Harbman, et al. "A Systematic Review of the Cost-Effectiveness of Nurse Practitioners and Clinical Nurse Specialists: What Is the Quality of the Evidence?" Nursing Research and Practice 2014 (2014): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/896587.
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Background. Improved quality of care and control of healthcare costs are important factors influencing decisions to implement nurse practitioner (NP) and clinical nurse specialist (CNS) roles.Objective. To assess the quality of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating NP and CNS cost-effectiveness (defined broadly to also include studies measuring health resource utilization).Design. Systematic review of RCTs of NP and CNS cost-effectiveness reported between 1980 and July 2012.Results. 4,397 unique records were reviewed. We included 43 RCTs in six groupings, NP-outpatient (n=11), NP-transition (n=5), NP-inpatient (n=2), CNS-outpatient (n=11), CNS-transition (n=13), and CNS-inpatient (n=1). Internal validity was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool; 18 (42%) studies were at low, 17 (39%) were at moderate, and eight (19%) at high risk of bias. Few studies included detailed descriptions of the education, experience, or role of the NPs or CNSs, affecting external validity.Conclusions. We identified 43 RCTs evaluating the cost-effectiveness of NPs and CNSs using criteria that meet current definitions of the roles. Almost half the RCTs were at low risk of bias. Incomplete reporting of study methods and lack of details about NP or CNS education, experience, and role create challenges in consolidating the evidence of the cost-effectiveness of these roles.
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Sembiring, Zipora, Syaiful Bahri, Rinawati Rinawati, Adita Sukma Ramadhania, and Aura Dhayang Fiarizky. "PENGARUH LIGAN PADA SINTESIS SENYAWA KOMPLEKS CO(II) DENGAN LIGAN BASA SCHIFF N,N-DIMETIL-4- (FENILIMINOMETIL)ANILIN DAN 1,10-FENANTROLIN." ANALIT:ANALYTICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY 6, no. 02 (April 30, 2021): 180–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/aec.v6.i2.2021.p180-188.
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Telah dilakukan sintesis senyawa kompleks Co(II) dengan ligan basa Schiff N,N-Dimetil-4-(feniliminometil)anilin dan ligan 1,10-Fenantrolin. Sintesis senyawa kompleks dilakukan dengan reaksi kondensasi refluks pada suhu 78 °C menggunaan pelarut etanol, menghasilkan kristal berwarna coklat muda dengan rendemen sebesar 68% untuk kompleks Co(II) basa Schiff dan berwarna oranye dengan rendemen sebesar 72,60% untuk kompleks Co(II) Fenantrolin. Kristal yang diproleh kemudian dikarakterisasi menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis, FTIR, dan TG-DTA. Berdasarkan hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan terbentuknya kompleks Co(II) basa Schiff dan kompleks Co(II) Fenantrolin. Kemudian untuk melihat pengaruh ligan pada pembentukan senyawa kompleks dilakukan karakterisasi menggunakan MSB dan dihasilkan momen magnet efektif (µeff) senyawa kompleks Co(II) basa Schiff sebesar 3,87 BM yang bersifat paramagnetik, sedangkan pada kompleks Co(II) Fenantrolin memiliki momen magnet efektif (µeff) sebesar 4,72 BM yang bersifat paramagnetik serta membentuk agen khelat. Hasil karakterisasi menggunakan MSB menunjukkan kompleks Co(II) Fenantrolin memiliki kestabilan yang lebih baik dibandingan dengan ligan basa Schiff N,N-Dimetil-4- (feniliminometil)anilin.
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Patterson, Patricia, and Nell Faucette. "Children’s Attitudes Toward Physical Activity in Classes Taught by Specialist versus Nonspecialist P.E. Teachers." Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 9, no. 4 (July 1990): 324–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.9.4.324.
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The purpose of the study was to determine if there were differences in attitudes toward physical activity for children in classes taught by specialists versus those taught by nonspecialists. Fourth- and fifth-grade children (N = 414) from four schools participated in the study. Two schools had P.E. specialists teaching the P.E. classes while the other two schools had classroom teachers teaching the classes. Attitudes were assessed by employing the Children’s Attitude Toward Physical Activity (CATPA) inventory (Simon & Smoll, 1974). Although discriminant function analysis resulted in a significant difference between the attitudes of both groups of children, only 57.48% of the cases were correctly classified. These results suggest that teachers play a minimal role in children’s attitudes toward physical activity. It was recommended that additional studies be conducted that examine and control for multiple factors influencing attitude formation.
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Garnica, Antonio Vicente Marafioti, Leandro Josué de Souza, and Maria Ednéia Martins Salandim. "On C. S. Peirce´s primary arithmetic." Revista Pesquisa Qualitativa 8, no. 18 (October 7, 2020): 454–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.33361/rpq.2020.v.8.n.18.340.
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his paper presents the initial studies on Peirce´s Primary Arithmetic, a set of manuscripts, never published by the author, written at the end of the XIX century. The originals – organized and published by Carolyn Eisele in 1976 – was translated to Portuguese and some initial studies are being developed focusing on the possibility that some features of Peirce´s Philosophy could be pragmatically – but implicitly – present in such manuscripts. Our partial conclusions, now, show that Peirce´s life circumstances, more than his Philosophy, characterize the texts under examination. Keywords: Charles S. Peirce; Primary Arithmetic; Mathematics Education; History; Philosophy; Peirce´s Mathematical Writings.
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Ariadi Lusiana, Retno, Ahmad Suseno, Abdul Haris, and Nabila Iftinan Sari. "KARAKTERISASI FISIKOKIMIA BIOPLASTIK BERBAHAN DASAR KITOSAN TERTAUT SILANG ASAM SUKSINAT / PATI / POLY VINYL ALCOHOL." ANALIT:ANALYTICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY 6, no. 02 (April 30, 2021): 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/aec.v6.i2.2021.p145-155.
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Bioplastik merupakan plastik yang dapat terdegradasi secara alamiah baik melalui serangan mikroorganisme maupun oleh cuaca. Lima series film tipis/bioplastik dibuat dari kitosan (CS). kitosan taut silang asam suksinat (CSSA), paduan CSSA dengan pati (CSSAP) dan paduan CSSAP-Poly Vinyl Alcohol (PVA) (CSSAPP). Penelitian dibagi dalam 3 tahapan utama yaitu penyiapan larutan CSSA, pembuatan bioplastik dan karakterisasi bioplastik meliputi uji: gugus fungsi (FTIR), berat dan ketebalan, kuat tarik, porositas, hidrofilisitas, pengembangan (swelling), ketahanan pH, dan biodegradabilitas. Dari data yang dihasilkan didapatkan bahwa semua bioplastik yang dihasilkan memiliki kenampakan bening kekuningan, transparan, tembus cahaya, tidak kaku dan tidak mudah patah, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa bioplastik bersifat cukup kuat. Selanjutnya dari hasil spektra FTIR, terbukti bahwa reaksi taut silang CSSA, reaksi paduan dengan pati dan PVA berhasil dilakukan, dengan munculnya serapan di daerah spesifik seperti O-H, N-H, C-H, CO, N-O, dan C=O. Penambahan pati dan PVA mempercepat proses biodegradasi dari 77 hari menjadi 10 hari. Kuat mekanik dan kelenturan bioplastik mengalami peningkatan.
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Brazzolotto, Martina, and Connie Phelps. "Global Principles for Professional Learning in Gifted Education and Italian Primary Teachers." International Journal for Talent Development and Creativity 9, no. 1-2 (August 22, 2022): 123–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1091475ar.
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Aligned with the 10 Global Principles for Professional Learning in Gifted Education (WCGTC, 2021), this exploratory study investigated the co-construction of inclusive differentiated instruction for a fourth grade gifted student with three general education teachers in a North Italy public education primary school using learning menus and learning contract strategies. The research questions examined responses of general education teachers toward (a) an identified gifted student, (b) inclusion practices in the primary classroom, and (c) co-constructed interdisciplinary curricula for a gifted student. Conducted during a six-week timeframe, the primary researcher conducted Pre- and Post-Intervention Focus Groups, established an instructional baseline, planned interdisciplinary activities in five academic subjects, suggested lesson extensions, and concluded with a Parent Interview. The primary researcher provided professional learning experiences in accordance with the Italian Ministry of Education ministerial law n. 562 (2019) that mandated inclusion of children with giftedness in the category of special education needs. Analysis of Pre- and Post-Intervention Focus Groups results indicated improved dispositions of teachers toward a gifted student in general education primary classrooms, development of inclusive classroom practices with guidance from a gifted education specialist, and documented competencies co-constructing interdisciplinary curricula integrated with 10 Global Principles for Professional Learning in Gifted Education.
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Barker, John W. "Higher Education in Byzantium in the Thirteenth and Early Fourteenth Centuries (1204-ca. 1310). C. N. Constantinides." Speculum 60, no. 1 (January 1985): 139–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2852147.
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Ortiz-Paredes, David, Afia Amoako, David Lessard, Kim Engler, Bertrand Lebouché, and Marina B. Klein. "Potential interventions to support HCV treatment uptake among HIV co-infected people in Canada: Perceptions of patients and health care providers." Canadian Liver Journal 5, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 14–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/canlivj-2021-0021.
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BACKGROUND: Increasing direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment uptake is key to eliminating HCV infection as a public health threat in Canada. People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C (HCV) co-infection face barriers to HCV treatment initiation. We sought to identify interventions that could support HCV treatment initiation based on patient and HCV care provider perspectives. METHODS: Eleven people living with HIV with a history of HCV infection and 12 HCV care providers were recruited for this qualitative descriptive study. Participants created ranked-ordered lists of potential interventions during nominal groups ( n = 4) and individual interviews ( n = 6). Following the nominal group technique, transcripts and intervention lists underwent thematic analysis and ranking scores were merged to create consolidated and prioritized lists from patient and provider perspectives. RESULTS: Patient participants identified a total of eight interventions. The highest-ranked interventions were multidisciplinary clinics, HCV awareness campaigns and patient education, nurse- or pharmacist-led care, peer involvement, and more and better-prepared health professionals. Provider participants identified 11 interventions. The highest-ranked were mobile outreach, DAA initiation at pharmacies, a simplified process of DAA prescription, integration of primary and specialist care, and patient-centred approaches. CONCLUSION: Participants proposed alternatives to hospital-based specialist HCV care, which require increasing capacity for nurses, pharmacists, primary care providers, and peers to have more direct roles in HCV treatment provision. They also identified the need for structural changes and educational initiatives. In addition to optimizing HCV care, these interventions might result in broader benefits for the health of HIV–HCV co-infected people.
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Blank, Lindsay, Susan Baxter, Helen Buckley Woods, Elizabeth Goyder, Andrew Lee, Nick Payne, and Melanie Rimmer. "What is the evidence on interventions to manage referral from primary to specialist non-emergency care? A systematic review and logic model synthesis." Health Services and Delivery Research 3, no. 24 (May 2015): 1–430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hsdr03240.
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BackgroundDemand management describes any method used to monitor, direct or regulate patient referrals. Several strategies have been developed to manage the referral of patients to secondary care, with interventions targeting primary care, specialist services, or infrastructure.ObjectiveThis research aimed to conduct an inclusive systematic review and logic model synthesis in order to better understand factors impacting on the effectiveness of interventions targeting referral between primary and secondary medical health care.DesignThe approach combined systematic review with logic modelling synthesis techniques to develop an evidence-based framework of factors influencing the pathway between interventions and system-wide changes.SettingPrimary health care.Main outcome measuresReferral from primary to secondary care.Review methodsSystematic searches were undertaken to identify recent, relevant studies. Quality of individual studies was appraised, with consideration of overall strength of evidence. A narrative synthesis and logic model summary of the data was completed.ResultsFrom a database of 8327 unique papers, 290 were included in the review. The intervention studies were grouped into four categories of education interventions (n = 50); process change interventions (n = 49); system change interventions (n = 38); and patient-focused interventions (n = 3). Effectiveness was assessed variously in these papers; however, there was a gap regarding the mechanisms whereby these interventions lead to demand management impacts. The findings suggest that, although individual-level interventions may be popular, the stronger evidence relates only to peer-review and feedback interventions. Process change interventions appeared to be more effective when the change resulted in the specialist being provided with more or better quality information about the patient. System changes including the community provision of specialist services by general practitioners, outreach provision by specialists and the return of inappropriate referrals appeared to have evidence of effect. The pathway whereby interventions might lead to service-wide impact was complex, with multiple factors potentially acting as barriers or facilitators to the change process. Factors related, first, to the doctor (including knowledge, attitudes and beliefs, and previous experiences of a service), second, to the patient (including condition and social factors) and, third, to the influence of the doctor–patient relationship. We also identified a number of potentially influential factors at a local level, such as perceived waiting times and the availability of a specialist. These elements are key factors in the pathway between an intervention and intended demand management outcomes influencing both applicability and effectiveness.ConclusionsThe findings highlight the complexity of the referral process and multiple elements that will impact on intervention outcomes and applicability to a local area. Any interventions seeking to change referral practice need to address factors relating to the individual practitioner, the patient and also the situation in which the referral is taking place. These conclusions apply especially to referral management in a UK context where this whole range of factors/issues lies well within the remit of the NHS. This work highlights that intermediate outcomes are important in the referral pathway. It is recommended that researchers include measure of these intermediate outcomes in their evaluation of intervention effectiveness in order to determine where blocks to or facilitators of system-wide impact may be occurring.Study registrationThe study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42013004037.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Health Services and Delivery Research programme.
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Henríquez, Susan Sanhueza, Maribel Granada Azcárraga, and Laura Bravo Cóppola. "Actitudes del profesorado de chile y costa rica hacia la inclusión educativa." Cadernos de Pesquisa 42, no. 147 (December 2012): 884–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-15742012000300013.
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El estudio analiza las actitudes de profesores de Chile (N = 92) y Costa Rica (N = 126) hacia la educación inclusiva. Para ello, plantea como objetivos: a. identificar las medidas que favorecen la educación inclusiva en ambos colectivos de profesorado; b. conocer los recursos y apoyos con que cuenta el profesorado para favorecer la educación inclusiva; y c. valorar los principios de la educación inclusiva que subyacen a sus prácticas docentes. Adoptamos un enfoque cuantitativo a través de un diseño descriptivo de tipo encuesta. Los resultados indican que, en general, los profesores participantes presentan una actitud positiva hacia la inclusión, incorporando diferentes medidas para atender las necesidades educativas especiales del alumnado. Los recursos materiales y el tiempo continúan siendo percibidos por el profesorado como una limitante para el desarrollo de prácticas inclusivas.
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Olajide, O. A., O. M. Kolawole, I. B. Bada-Siyede, O. O. Ayanda, and M. M. Suleiman. "Characterization of bacteria isolates colonizing the throat of hospitalized patients at Sobi Specialist Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria and in vitro antimicrobial effects of Citrus aurantifolia and Alum on the isolates." African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology 23, no. 3 (June 17, 2022): 290–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajcem.v23i3.8.
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Background: Antibiotic resistance in microorganisms implicated in nosocomial respiratory infections is a major reason for prolonged hospital stay and increased cost of therapeutic treatment of hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP). This study was designed to isolate bacterial pathogens colonizing the throat of hospitalized patients at the Sobi Specialist Hospital, Ilorin, and to evaluate antibacterial effects of extracts of Citrus aurantifolia peel and Alum against these bacterial isolates.
Methodology: This was a cross sectional study of 100 randomly recruited hospitalized patients at the Sobi Specialist Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria. Throat samples collected from consenting participants were cultured on selective agar media (MacConkey, Eosin-Methylene blue and Mannitol salt) for isolation of bacteria. Identification of isolates from culture plates was done by Gram reaction and conventional biochemical tests while confirmation of the isolates was done by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Antibiotic susceptibility test for each isolate to selected antibiotics (ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefuroxime, ceftazidime, gentamicin, nitrofuran, ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin) was done by the Kirby Buer disc diffusion method. Aqueous extract of Alum ([KAl(SO4).12H2O]) was done to produce concentrations of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% (w/v) at pH 3.6 and tested on the bacterial isolates using agar diffusion method. Citrus aurantifolia peel was extracted using methanol and hexane solvents to produce extract concentrations of 500mg/ml, 250mg/ml and 150mg/ml, and tested on the isolates by agar diffusion, and by the broth dilution method to obtain minimum inhibitory (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of C. aurantifolia.
Results: A total of 14 bacterial isolates were recovered from throat samples of 100 hospitalized patients with Staphylococcus aureus (43%, n=6) being the most frequent while Escherichia coli (14.5%, n=2) was the least frequent. The isolates were generally resistant to penicillin, aminoglycoside and fluoroquinolone groups of antibiotics tested. The zone of inhibition for hexane and methanol extracts of C. aurantifolia and aqueous extract of alum on the bacterial isolates ranged from 11.5-19.2mm, 9.8-15.8mm, and 9.3-21.2mm respectively while those of selected antibiotics ranged from 7.0-25.0mm. The MICs of hexane and methanol extracts of C. aurantifolia against S. aureus were 10mg/ml and 25mg/ml, while the MBCs were 50 and 100mg/ml respectively.
Conclusion: Findings from this study showed the presence of resistant pathogenic bacteria colonizing the throat of hospitalized patients receiving care at the Sobi Specialist Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria. The crude extracts of C. aurantifolia and Alum in this study showed inhibitory effects (albeit at higher concentrations) on the bacterial isolates comparable to the standard antibiotics. We posit that based on the inhibition capacity, further studies to characterize, purify and isolate the active anti-bacterial components in the extracts should be considered for novelty.
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May, Kerry, and Janet Scammell. "Nurses' experiences of pain management in end-of-life dementia care: a literature review." International Journal of Palliative Nursing 26, no. 3 (March 2, 2020): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ijpn.2020.26.3.110.
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Background: Nurses play an important role in assessing and managing pain. However, this is often poorly managed for people living with dementia. Aim: To explore nurses' experiences of pain management in end-of-life dementia care. Methods: Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic narrative review of research papers published in English between 2008 and 2018 was conducted. Data sources were CINAHL, Medline, PsycINFO, ScienceDirect and SocIndex. Articles focused on nursing at the end of life and pain management in people with dementia. Findings: Eight articles were retrieved that met the search criteria. Four studies used qualitative methodology, two quantitative and two mixed methods. Studies from the UK dominated (n=5), the remainder were from Sweden, Norway and the US. Following thematic analysis, three themes were identified: training and education in pain management at the end of life for people with dementia, challenges in identifying pain and pain assessment tool use. Conclusion: The review revealed inadequate education for nurses concerning end-of-life care for people living with dementia, notably concerning pain recognition and use of assessment tools. It is recommended that specialist education is mandated for all nurses working with this client group to improve care delivery.
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Johnstone, Avril, Anne Martin, Rita Cordovil, Ingunn Fjørtoft, Susanna Iivonen, Boris Jidovtseff, Frederico Lopes, et al. "Nature-Based Early Childhood Education and Children’s Social, Emotional and Cognitive Development: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 10 (May 13, 2022): 5967. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19105967.
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This systematic review synthesised evidence on associations between nature-based early childhood education (ECE) and children’s social, emotional, and cognitive development. A search of nine databases was concluded in August 2020. Studies were eligible if: (a) children (2–7 years) attended ECE, (b) ECE integrated nature, and (c) assessed child-level outcomes. Two reviewers independently screened full-text articles and assessed study quality. Synthesis included effect direction, thematic analysis, and results-based convergent synthesis. One thousand three hundred and seventy full-text articles were screened, and 36 (26 quantitative; 9 qualitative; 1 mixed-methods) studies were eligible. Quantitative outcomes were cognitive (n = 11), social and emotional (n = 13), nature connectedness (n = 9), and play (n = 10). Studies included controlled (n = 6)/uncontrolled (n = 6) before-after, and cross-sectional (n = 15) designs. Based on very low certainty of the evidence, there were positive associations between nature-based ECE and self-regulation, social skills, social and emotional development, nature relatedness, awareness of nature, and play interaction. Inconsistent associations were found for attention, attachment, initiative, environmentally responsible behaviour, and play disruption/disconnection. Qualitative studies (n = 10) noted that nature-based ECE afforded opportunities for play, socialising, and creativity. Nature-based ECE may improve some childhood development outcomes, however, high-quality experimental designs describing the dose and quality of nature are needed to explore the hypothesised pathways connecting nature-based ECE to childhood development (Systematic Review Registration: CRD42019152582).
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Dimitry, S., P. M. Ellis, P. N. Butow, R. G. Hagerty, and M. H. Tattersall. "Understanding and preferences for receiving prognostic information: A comparison of the views of Australian and Canadian patients with metastatic cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2006): 6014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.6014.
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6014 Background: Previous research suggests that the majority of cancer patients desire full disclosure of their prognosis and treatment options. The current study compares the views of Australian (A) and Canadian (C) patients with metastatic cancer towards disclosure of prognostic information. Methods: Cross sectional studies were undertaken with A and C patients with newly diagnosed metastatic cancer to assess their preferences for and understanding of prognostic information. The primary outcome was patients’ preferences for the mode of delivery of prognostic information. Remaining analyses were primarily descriptive. Results: Survey response rate was A: 58% (n = 126) and C: 57% (n = 117). Patient mean age was 62.8yrs (A), 63.2yrs (C). 56% (A) and 39% (C) of patients were male. There were some differences in type of cancer: breast (25%A, 30%C), colorectal (18%A, 44%C), lung (10%A, 26%C) and other cancers (47%A). The main outcomes of the A and C surveys were very similar. The majority of all patients surveyed wanted to know prognostic information. Most patients preferred both words and numbers (46%A, 52%C), or words only (28%A, 31%C) for presenting prognostic information. Respondents were more likely to like words (66%A, 47%C), percentages (65%A, 45%C), or fractions (60%A, 47%C) for presenting prognostic information, than diagrams (37%A, 33%C), pie charts (42%A, 32%C) or graphs (33%A, 29%C). The majority of patients want to receive information on treatment goals and options when first given a metastatic diagnosis (84%A, 86%C). Fewer patients want to receive information on life expectancy at this time (59%A, 56%C) and only the minority want to discuss information about dying at this time (34%A, 36%C). Respondents indicated the specialist should just tell the patient (83%A, 74%C) rather than check first if the patient wants to know (15%A, 22%C). Conclusions: A and C patients have similar and strong preferences for receiving prognostic and treatment option information. However, more research is needed on the timing of delivery of this information. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Jupp, James C., Alisa Leckie, Nolan L. Cabrera, and Jamie Utt. "Race-Evasive White Teacher Identity Studies 1990–2015: What Can We Learn from 25 Years of Research?" Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 121, no. 1 (January 2019): 1–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146811912100103.
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Background/Context With a rationale informed by the demographic imperative, the resegregation of public schools, and our positionalities as researchers, we understand both the high stakes and the complexity of capacitating White preservice and in-service teachers capable of anti-racist praxis and race-visible teaching and learning in public school classrooms. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study Deploying the framework of colorblind racism, we systematically reviewed race-evasive White teacher identity studies and answered the question: What can we learn from 25 years of research? Research Design In using the method called the synoptic text, we engaged electronic databases, with special emphasis on ERIC EBSCOhost. The simple and general search term “White teachers” conducted using year-by-year parameters provided the most systematic net for capturing relevant studies. In narrowing our focus, we developed the following criteria: (a) White teachers as central topic, (b) analytical emphases on colorblind racism, (c) publication in peer-reviewed journals, (d) use of qualitative and/or narrative research methodologies, and (e) publication date between 1990 and 2015. Data Collection and Analysis Our general search yielded 136 (N = 136) peer-reviewed empirical qualitative and/or narrative studies between 1990 and 2015, and after narrowing our criteria, we found 47 race-evasive White teacher identity studies (n = 47, 47/136) that we reviewed here. Each study in the document universe was abstracted by authors, added to a spreadsheet, and categorized by emergent themes. Findings/Results The following five themes emerged and developed over the last 25 years: (a) racialized silence and invisibility (9/47), (b) resistance and active reconstruction of White privilege (12/47), (c) whiteness in institutional and social contexts (8/47), (d) fertile paradoxes in new research (9/47), and (e) reflexive whiteness pedagogies (9/47). Conclusions/Recommendations We believe our literature review identifies the complex contours of White preservice and in-service teachers’ silence, resistance to, engagement in, and pedagogical grappling with racism, whiteness, and White privilege. The importance of pre-service and in-service teachers being able to engage, understand, and challenge these issues becomes critically important at our crossroads in the present, especially given the recent election that bolstered open and tacit White supremacists into power. If White teachers are to engage racism, whiteness, and White privilege, they must do so with as opposed to for their students, in a Freirean sense. If teaching for social justice is important, renewed interest and investment in White teacher identity studies and related whiteness pedagogies is key for the next 25 years.
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Carr, Vaughan J., Terry J. Lewin, Jane M. Walton, Catherine Faehrmann, and Alexander L. A. Reid. "Consultation—Liaison Psychiatry in General Practice." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 31, no. 1 (February 1997): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679709073804.
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Objective:This paper describes the characteristics of 303 consecutive referrals, over a 12-month period, to a consultation—liaison (C—L) psychiatry service provided to eight group general practices in Newcastle, Australia. Method:A purpose designed service audit form was used throughout the evaluation period to collect information about demographic characteristics, reasons for referral, service contacts, psychiatric diagnoses and clinical management. In addition, patients were invited to participate in a separate, prospective outcome evaluation study, which involved structured interviews and questionnaires. Results:The most common reasons for referral were: depression (33%); anxiety (12%); diagnostic assessment (9%); and impaired relationships (8%). The most common psychiatric diagnoses were: mood disorders (29%); mild, transient conditions (29%); anxiety (14%); and substance abuse disorders (12%). Following the psychiatric consultation(s), GPs were actively involved in patients’ treatment in 53% of cases. However, there was a higher than expected rate of referral (44%) to another mental health agency. Selected comparisons are also reported between patients referred to the C—L service (n = 303) and a sample of non-referred GP attenders (n = 535). Conclusions:As expected, the diagnostic profiles of patients attending the C—L service differed in several respects from those using similar services in general hospitals. There were comparatively low rates of organic brain syndromes, suicide risk evaluations, and problems of differential diagnosis of somatic symptoms. Greater emphasis needs to be placed on more formal psychiatric education for GPs, on ways of screening out from the referral process those patients with mild, transient conditions who do not require specialist expertise, and on the development of strategies to help GPs manage such conditions.
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Rodrigues, Adriana Novaes, Lourdes Conceição Martins, João Ozório Rodrigues Neto, and Alfésio Luís Ferreira Braga. "Incidence of filamentous fungii in normal oral mucosa of rural workers in the region of Frutal, MG." Archives of Health 1, no. 6 (December 22, 2020): 448–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.46919/archv1n6-007.
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Working conditions give rise to health problems in a complex way, where specialist services are not always capable of finding a solution.Epidemiological studies evaluate these infections, both superficial and deep, and some of these studies perform an evaluation with regard to working and living conditions and the health of workers in a variety of areas. However, there are no bibliographical references in respect of filamentous fungal contamination of the oral cavity, related to rural labour activity.AIMS: To evaluate the incidence of fungal contamination in the normal oropharyngeal region of sugarcane, orange and pineapple plantation workers, in the municipality of Frutal, in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. METHODS: This constitutes a prospective, longitudinal study of the cohort type, of 60 temporary workers for each crop, making a comparison with the environment. The collection and analysis of material from the workers and from the environment followed the timing of each culture, designated as (t0), (t1) and (t2). RESULTS: Worker contamination occurred at the second interval of the study. Of the orange grove workers, 1.6% (N=1) were contaminated by F. subglutinans. In the sugarcane plantation, 8.3% (N=5) of workers were contaminated, 5% (N=3) by A. niger and 3.3%(N=2) by F. moniliforme. The two volunteers infected by A. niger were simultaneously infected by C. albicans. Of the sixty pineapple plantation workers analysed, 13.3% (N=8) were contaminated with F. subglutinans. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that working with the pineapple crops was found to be a risk factor for fungal infection in the oral mucosa, when compared to the orange crop. Fungal contamination also occurred with the sugarcane crop, when compared to the reference group. Other factors, such as age, alcohol consumption, smoking, family income and ethnicity were not deemed to be statistically significant in the incidence of infection.
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Foltz Boklage, Susan H., Charles Kreilick, Carl V. Asche, Sally Haislip, James W. Gilmore, Stephen Szabo, Todd E. Williamson, Satish Valluri, and Brian S. Seal. "Differences in survival for advanced-stage colorectal cancer (CRC) patients by lines of therapy received in a U.S. local oncology practice." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): e14106-e14106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.e14106.
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e14106 Background: Improvements in survival for advanced-stage colorectal cancer (CRC) patients who receive chemotherapy have been reported. We compared survival rates for patients with 3+ vs. <3 lines of therapy using electronic medical records of a local oncology practice in Georgia, USA. Methods: The Georgia Cancer Specialist (GCS) EMR Database (1/1/2005–07/ 31/2010) was used. The database contains data on patient demographics, cancer diagnostic information, chemotherapy and non-chemotherapy drugs administered written prescriptions, chemotherapy/radiation protocols, chemotherapy protocol changes, office visit information, and hospitalizations. Patients newly diagnosed with CRC between 01/01/05 and 06/31/10 treated with systemic therapy for CRC were identified. Patients were followed from initial CRC diagnosis to death, loss to follow-up, or end of study. Patients were categorized by number of lines of therapy received (1, 2, 3+) and original stage at diagnosis (III b/c, IV, unknown). Survival following initial line of therapy was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models controlling forstage at diagnosis, type of 1st line treatment, and other patient characteristics. Results: The study included 704 patients with a median age of 63 years (age range 26-85 years) at diagnosis and 49% (n=345) female. 45% (n=317) and 42% (n=296) had stage IV and III b/c CRC at diagnosis, respectively. 53% (n=373) received only 1st line treatment, 27% (n=190) received 1st and 2nd line treatment and 20% (n=141) received 3rd line and beyond. The median follow up was 431 days and death was reported in 27%(n=190) of subjects. The multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis indicated that there was no statistical difference in survival between patients who received 2nd line of therapy vs. 3 plus lines of therapy (HR=1.42; p<0.067). Conclusions: A non-statistical significant association between 2nd and more than 3 total lines of therapy in survival was found in subjects diagnosed with stage III B/C and IV. However the trend towards survival was present, indicating that some patients could benefit from the addition of 3rd line but it would require additional studies to confirm this.
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Chirinos, C., P. Garcia, R. Duara, D. Loewenstein, C. Robayo, M. Greig-Custo, R. Curiel Cid, M. Rosselli, and M. Rodriguez. "C-05 Concordance of Functional and Neuropsychological Performance among Hispanics versus White Non- Hispanics." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 34, no. 6 (July 25, 2019): 1032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acz034.167.
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Abstract Objective Racial/ethnic disparities in cognitive performance among older adults have been previously identified. This study’s aim was to examine the cognitive performance between diverse Hispanic and White non-Hispanic (WNH) older adults with similar functional performance. Method Groups were stratified by Clinical Dementia Rating scale (CDR) global score, as follows: (1) CDR score = 0 (n = 77; 70.1% female; Mean ± SD age = 70.9± 6.3 yrs; education = 17.4±9.9 yrs; MMSE = 28.95± 1.48); (2) CDR score = 0.5 (n = 179; 58.1% female; age = 74.0± 8.1 yrs; education = 16.0 ± 9.5 yrs; MMSE = 27.50 ± 2.5); (3) CDR Score = 1.0 (n = 41; 61% female; age = 73.7 ± 9.7 yrs; education = 16.7 ± 13.6 yrs; MMSE = 23.2 ± 3.8). A series of One-Way Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) were conducted comparing Hispanic to WNH, with age and education as covariates. Results Among the CDR = 0 group, WNH performed significantly better than Hispanics on Trails-A [F(1,69) = 8.59, p < .01], Trails B [F(1,69)=4.166, p < .05], COWAT [F(1,73)=14.79, p < .001], and Category Fluency [F(1,73)=9.91, p < .01]; findings were not significant for logical memory (p=.157), or HVLT (p=.494) delayed. Among participants with CDR of 0.5, WNH performed significantly better than Hispanics on Trails B [F(1,166)=5.83, p < .05]. Among participants with CDR of 1, there were no significant differences. Conclusion Among older adults with similar levels of functioning, Hispanics performed worse on measures of processing speed, executive function, and verbal fluency. Future studies should evaluate the contribution of level of acculturation, social engagement and exercise to differences in cognitive scores among individuals with similar functional performance.
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Grogan, Nicole, Donna Pierce-Gjeldum, Leigh Swartz, Kait Verbal, Sofia Merajver, Christopher Friese, Ayano Kiyota, et al. "OTHR-13. IMPACT the brain: improving metastatic breast cancer patient access to coordinated treatment." Neuro-Oncology Advances 3, Supplement_3 (August 1, 2021): iii17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/noajnl/vdab071.068.
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Abstract Central nervous system (CNS) metastases are associated with decreased survival and quality of life for patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Multi-disciplinary care can optimize outcomes. This project aims to improve access to coordinated care for patients with MBC and CNS metastases. Patients with MBC and CNS metastases are referred and offered to enroll in our care coordination program. A team consisting of specialists (breast medical oncology, breast cancer genetics, radiation oncology, neurosurgery, neuro-oncology, physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R), neuropsychology, and palliative care) supports a dedicated program coordinator who provides navigation, education, specialty referral, and clinical trial screening. A unique intake form developed for the program creates personalized, coordinated, and expedited referrals. Patient-reported outcomes and caregiver burden assessments are collected. Since May 2020, 43 patients were referred and a total of 40 patients (93%) were enrolled – 2 (5%) declined due to perceived burden of participation and 1 (2%) died before enrollment. 85% of patients were Caucasian (n = 34) and 15% were non-Caucasian (n=6). Median time to program intake was 1 day (range: 0–8 days). Of the 43 patients referred, 17 (40%) consented to research studies in the metastatic setting. 11 were for an interventional trial (65%), while 9 consents were for non-interventional studies (53%). In addition to the initially referred specialty, 56 referrals were made across 7 sub-specialties; 37 patients (66%) were subsequently seen by a sub-specialist, most commonly radiation oncology (n = 9), neuro-oncology (n=8), PM&R (n=8), and neuropsychology (n=8). Implementation of a care coordination program for patients with MBC and CNS metastases is feasible. Further, it allows for improved access to care across sub-specialties and supports participation in clinical research for a group of cancer patients historically underrepresented in research studies. Funding: National Comprehensive Cancer Network Oncology Research Program from financial support provided by Pfizer.
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Easterbrooks, Susan R., and Amy R. Lederberg. "Reading Fluency in Young Elementary School Age Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Children." Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education 26, no. 1 (September 9, 2020): 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/deafed/enaa024.
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Abstract The Center on Literacy and Deafness examined the language and reading progress of 336 young deaf and hard-of-hearing children in kindergarten, first and second grades on a series of tests of language, reading, and spoken and fingerspelled phonological awareness in the fall and spring of the school year. Children were divided into groups based on their auditory access and classroom communication: a spoken-only group (n = 101), a sign-only group (n = 131), and a bimodal group (n = 104). Previous work reports the overall data (Antia, S., Lederberg, A., Schick, B., Branum-Martin, L., Connor, C. M., & Webb, M. (2020a). Language and reading progress of young DHH children. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, (3), 25; Lederberg, A. R., Branum-Martin, L., Webb, M. L., Schick, B., Antia, S., Easterbrooks, S. R., & Connor, C. M. (2019). Modality and interrelations among language, reading, spoken phonological awareness, and fingerspelling. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 24(4), 408–423). This report presents an in-depth look at the reading fluency of the participants measured along multiple dimensions. In general, 43% of the participants were unable to read fluently and an additional 23% were unable to read fluently at grade level. Rate and accuracy, rate of growth, miscue analysis, and self-corrections differed by communication modality. Most notably, children demonstrated limited strategies for self-correction during reading fluency tasks.
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Anu, S., R. Babitha, and N. Muthukumaravel. "Role of speech associated gestures of the teacher in Medical education a comparative study." National Journal of Clinical Anatomy 02, no. 03 (July 2013): 150–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3401711.
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Abstract Background and aim: Gestures are generally hand or body movements that express the feelings and intentions. It's a universal feature of communication and is tightly timed with speech. Gesture and Speech combine to reveal meaning that is not fully captured in one modality alone, as they share a common neural relationship. Many earlier studies have revealed the importance of gestures in improving learning in school children. Studies on the role of gestures in improving the learning skill in medicine are scarce. This study was carried out to find out whether gesturing improved the learning outcome of medical students. Materials and methods: Ninety four students from first MBBS batch were recruited and randomized in to four groups A,B,C and D. Group A and B (Topic I (n=46)) consists of 23 students each, whereas group C and D (Topic II (n=48)) consists of 24 students each. Group A and C who were taught with gestures formed the study group; Group B and D taught without gestures acted as control. Two lectures on two different topics were taken for both the study and the control groups without any audiovisual aids for 20 minutes during tutorial time in the department of Physiology and the results were analyzed statistically using Wilcoxan Ranksum test. Result : Results of the study on two lecture topics showed that the scores of the students taught with gestures was higher with a p value of 0.005 and 0.0248 than those taught without gestures both immediately as well as a week after the lecture. Conclusion : Gestures do have a definite role in improving learning in medical students. Along with other teaching aids, gestures should also become an integral part of teaching.
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MĄDRZEJOWSKI, WIESŁAW. "THE POLICE ACADEMY IN SZCZYTNO IN DIFFICULT TIMES." PRZEGLĄD POLICYJNY 1, NUMER SPECJALNY (March 17, 2021): 122–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.8093.
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In 2003–2005, the Police Academy was in the process of losing its academic status as a centre designed to prepare police executives. According to the adopted assumptions, the Academy was to become an institution preparing police personnel at the basic and specialist levels. In May 2004, the new Commandant-Rector, on the basis of opinions of the police community, research conducted in the Academy, and his own experience in service in various police units, prepared a plan to maintain the status of a university, and develop the university as a training and scientifi c centre. Thanks to the enormous work done by the school personnel and police offi cers from all over the country supporting the Academy, and thanks to the support obtained from many scientifi c centres, the programme was implemented very quickly. Comprehensive assistance was also obtained from the regional authorities and Members of Parliament from all political backgrounds. The Police Academy in Szczytno as a public service university was included in the new Higher Education Act. After a few months, the effects of these undertakings prompted the management of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration, and the National Police Headquarters to make a decision on granting the school a new statute appropriate for a higher education institution, restoring university structures and enrolling new students for previously suspended undergraduate studies for police offi cers. All of the undertakings encountered unprecedented interest.
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Low, Lee-Fay, Margaret McGrath, Kate Swaffer, and Henry Brodaty. "Communicating a diagnosis of dementia: A systematic mixed studies review of attitudes and practices of health practitioners." Dementia 18, no. 7-8 (March 15, 2018): 2856–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1471301218761911.
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The aim of this study is to systematically review practitioners’ practices and attitudes in regards to communicating a diagnosis of dementia. A systematic search was conducted of Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed for English language original empirical papers. A sequential explanatory mixed studies analysis approach was used. Twenty-five quantitative descriptive, two intervention, six mixed methods descriptive and 21 qualitative studies were included. Pooled analysis showed that 34% of GPs and 48% of specialists usually/routinely tell the person with dementia their diagnosis, and 89% of GPs and 97% specialists usually/routinely tell the family the diagnosis. Euphemistic terms such as ‘memory problems’ are more often used to describe dementia than medical terms. Practitioners’ decision to diagnose and communicate the diagnosis of dementia are influenced by (a) their own beliefs regarding dementia and treatment efficacy and their confidence in diagnosis and communication; (b) patient circumstances including level of awareness, level of severity and family support; (c) the health and social care system including access to specialist and diagnostic services, reimbursement for diagnosis/management and availability of services and (d) cultural norms in relation to dementia including stigma, labels, and common clinical practice. The diagnosis and communication of diagnosis of dementia are intertwined processes and should be concurrently addressed in interventions. Multicomponent approaches to address these practices could include guideline development, practitioner education, anti-stigma public health campaigns, offering post-diagnosis treatments and support and sufficient reimbursement for practitioners for time spent managing dementia.
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Marceaux, J., K. Bain, and C. Fullen. "C-33 Abnormal MoCA Scores in a Clinic-Referred Sample." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 34, no. 6 (July 25, 2019): 1062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acz034.195.
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Abstract Objective To examine Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) performance and frequency of low scores among veterans with primary diagnoses of cognitive disorder, psychiatric disorder, or no disorder. Method A clinic-referred sample of veterans (n = 214; Mage = 66.1, SD = 15; Medu = 13.3, SD = 2.7) diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n = 97), dementia (n = 47), depression (n = 18), PTSD (n = 22), or no cognitive or psychiatric disorder (n = 30) were included. All participants were administered the MoCA as part of a larger battery of tests. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), controlling for age and education, was conducted (Bonferroni correction applied) to compare diagnostic groups on MoCA uncorrected total score. Results Across groups, mean MoCA scores were significantly different using ANCOVA, F(4, 207) = 31.5, p < .001. As expected, those with no diagnosis (M = 24.7, SD = 2.1) or psychiatric disorders (PTSD M = 24.4, SD = 4.1; Depression M = 23.9, SD = 3) scored higher than those with cognitive disorder (MCI M = 21.7, SD = 3.1; Dementia M = 17.4, SD = 4.1), p < .001. While both psychiatric groups scored higher than those with dementia (p < .001), the depression group did not significantly differ from those with MCI (p = .11). Examination of scores across all groups revealed a majority of participants scored below the recommended cutoff of < 26. Specifically, 100% of dementia cases, 89.7% of MCI cases, 63.3% of no diagnosis cases, 50% of PTSD cases, and 72.2% of depression cases scored < 26. Conclusion Abnormal MoCA scores are common, even in the absence of cognitive impairment. Individuals with PTSD or depression are likely to score below the publisher's recommend cutoff. While this may reflect cognitive symptoms of psychiatric conditions, it may also reflect normative limitations as identified in past studies.
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Azmat, Alia, Yasmeen Khayr, Nadiah Mohajir, Monica Reyna, and Gina Spitz. "“They Sit with the Discomfort, They Sit with the Pain Instead of Coming Forward”: Muslim Students’ Awareness, Attitudes, and Challenges Mobilizing Sexual Violence Education on Campus." Religions 14, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel14010019.
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There is limited literature on anti-sexual violence programming on college campuses for historically underrepresented groups in the United States, including, and especially, for Muslim students. This study will explore the following questions: (a) What is Muslim students’ awareness of sexual violence on college campuses? (b) What are Muslim students’ attitudes towards sexual violence?, and (c) What challenges do Muslim survivors and allies of sexual violence face on college campuses? A mixed methods analysis of quantitative (n = 91) and qualitative data (n = 8) was utilized to understand the impact of anti-sexual violence advocacy programming on college campuses. Results demonstrate that Muslim women reported knowing more survivors of sexual assault than Muslim men. Women also reported significantly higher levels of disagreement with victim-blaming statements compared to men. Qualitative interviews with eight student leaders demonstrated challenges to sexual assault programming on campus, include Islamophobia, power struggles between student groups, denial that sexual violence is a problem, and a lack of engagement from men. Results from this study highlight several key findings including (1) rape culture attitudes vary significantly between Muslim men and Muslim women, (2) barriers to facilitating sexual violence programming include several systems of oppression, and (3) the urgent need to provide nuanced programming to support minoritized youth communities on college campuses.
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Lightfoot, et al, C. S. "Amorium Excavations 1993: the Sixth Preliminary Report." Anatolian Studies 44 (December 1994): 105–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3642986.
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The death of Prof. R. Martin Harrrison in September 1992 only a fortnight after the completion of a successful fifth season at Amorium was a serious blow and a sad loss to the Amorium Project. Without his drive and enthusiasm it was difficult at times, especially during the winter of 1992/93, to see how the excavations could be continued. It is, therefore, a major achievement in itself that work resumed in the following summer, and that a report on the findings can be presented here.The sixth season of excavations at Amorium lasted from 26th July until 3rd September during which time digging was carried out at four separate locations (Fig. 1). A further six days were spent conducting a regional survey on behalf of the Ministry of Culture as part of a larger scheme to collate and register sites and antiquities throughout the whole of Turkey. The team comprised Dr. C. S. Lightfoot (Director), Dr. E. A. Ivison (Sub-Director and Byzantinist), Dr. M. H. Ballance (Epigrapher), K. L. Barker (Conservator), L. S. Bown (Ceramicist), Dr. M. A. V. Gill (Glass Specialist), P. M. Cox, S. Farid, N. Mestci, I. Sjöström-Welsby and R. E. Turnbull (Archaeologists), S. F. Young (Student Assistant) and O. Kızılkılıç (Accountant). Four students from the Department of Archaeology and History of Art at Bilkent University also took part in the excavations: they were Mercan Araydin, Deniz Atilla Mustafa Eren and Tuğba Tanyeri. The government representative was Mrs. Jale Dedeoğlu from the İzmir Archaeological Museum.
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Goggin, Caitriona, Bader Al-Badri, Anna Stansfeld, Elizabeth Barquin, Benjamin Durand, Thuy-Giang Nguyen, Preethika Mahalingam, et al. "Informed consent in clinical trials: Implementing methods to improve patient understanding in cancer research—A quality improvement initiative in a sarcoma trials unit." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 28_suppl (October 1, 2022): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.28_suppl.335.
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335 Background: Clinical trials are considered the cornerstone of improving outcomes for cancer patients. The understanding of an individual patient of the trial on which they are enrolled can vary significantly, with some studies demonstrating poor patient understanding of their involvement in trials. This exploratory study aimed to improve patient understanding of clinical trials and patient experience of the informed consent process by implementing measures to present complex trial information in alternative formats. Methods: The project was undertaken in a sarcoma trials unit in a specialist cancer treatment centre. Baseline knowledge was assessed using an adapted version of the Quality of Informed Consent (QuIC) questionnaire. A decision-aid was created following focus group discussions with stakeholders, focussing on key trial questions for patients, such as consent, the research description, risks, benefits, and alternatives to the trial. A patient education video was produced by the research team, explaining general aspects of clinical trials in patient-friendly language. The decision-aids and videos were distributed during the informed consent process of trial recruitment over a 12-week period. The patient group was assessed with post-intervention questionnaires. Statistical analysis was descriptive due to the small numbers. Results: Thirty sarcoma patients participated in the project, including baseline assessment of 15 patients previously enrolled on study, and 15 patients considering participation in a trial who underwent the intervention. 100% (n = 15) of the interventional group found the video and decision-aid useful. 60% (n = 18) of patients had a university level education, indicating a well-educated population. A pre- and post-intervention comparison demonstrated an improved understanding of 10 key elements of clinical trial information as shown in Table. Conclusions: Our exploratory study has shown that patient education tools including decision-aids and patient videos can be successfully implemented to help improve patient understanding of clinical trial information and may be of benefit in other trials units. Further larger studies are required to confirm these findings.[Table: see text]
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Belmonte, Zachariah John Aviles, Carl Sebastian C. Cruz, Prince Adriel P. De Castro, Lexter A. Estoesta, Elijah John A. Mitra, and Pamela Eyre Victoria R Lira. "Factors Influencing Technopreneurial Intention among Undergraduate Engineering Students in the Philippines." Journal of Engineering Education Transformations 36, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 148–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.16920/jeet/2022/v36i1/22146.
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Abstract : In the Philippines, students exhibit a low interest in entrepreneurship despite numerous programs implemented and mandated by the government. The emergence of technopreneurship is now confronted by several issues, mainly in developing competent and versatile technopreneurs. Until now, there are inadequate studies related to technopreneurship specifically those dealing with technopreneurial intention among engineering students. This study aims to determine the factors associated with technopreneurial intention. Simple random sampling was used to collect necessary data from 200 undergraduate engineering students from selected universities in the Philippines. Multiple Regression Analysis and Pearson Correlation Analysis were used to test the hypotheses and examine the relationship between independent and dependent variable respectively. The findings revealed that among the five identified factors, only Comput er Abi l ity, Access to Capi tal , and Entrepreneurial Experience have a significant and p o s i t i v e e f f e c t o n i n t e n t i o n t ow a r d s technopreneurship Keywords : Computer Ability; Entrepreneurial Experience; Entrepreneurial Orientation; Internet Ability; Technopreneurial Intention
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Figley, Grace E. "Determinants of Attitudes Toward Physical Education." Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 4, no. 4 (July 1985): 229–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.4.4.229.
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The development of positive attitudes toward physical education has been a longstanding and desirable goal of the program of physical education. The intent of this investigation was to identify those aspects of the program students reported as turning them on to or turning them off from physical education. The critical incident report was the tool used to gather information. The subjects (N = 100) classified the reported incidents as either positive or negative, and their comments were then categorized into five broad categories: (a) teacher, (b) curriculum, (c) atmosphere of the classroom, (d) peer behavior, and (e) perceptions of self. Further classification occurred within each category. The results indicated that the items most frequently mentioned in relation to both positive and negative attitudes related to the teacher and the curriculum. Some interesting patterns evolved both within and between the various categories. The most encouraging aspect of the investigation is that the great majority of causal determinants of negative attitudes are amenable to change. If physical educators value the goal of developing positive attitudes toward physical education, then information gathered in studies such as this should prove valuable to both current physical educators and those involved in teacher education programs.
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Neovius, Martin, Julia F. Simard, and Johan Askling. "Nationwide prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis and penetration of disease-modifying drugs in Sweden." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 70, no. 4 (December 13, 2010): 624–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ard.2010.133371.
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ObjectiveTo provide Swedish nationwide data on the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), including variations by age, sex, geography, demography and education level, and assess antirheumatic treatment penetration.MethodsPatients ≥16 years assigned an RA diagnosis were identified from inpatient (n=96 560; 1964–2007) and specialist outpatient care (n=56 336; 2001–2007) in the Swedish National Patient Register, and the Swedish Rheumatology Quality Register (n=21 242; 1995–2007). Data on prescriptions, demography, vital status and educational level were retrieved from national registers.ResultsA total of 58 102 individuals (mean age 66 years; 73% women) assigned an RA diagnosis were alive in Sweden in 2008, corresponding to a cumulative prevalence of 0.77% (women 1.11%, men 0.43%). The 2001–2007 period prevalence was 0.70%. Restriction to patients with ≥2 visits or diagnosis from a rheumatologist/internist reduced the overall cumulative prevalence to 0.68%. Whereas urban/rural differences (crude 0.65–1.00%) were explained by age differences, the age/sex-adjusted prevalence remained higher in patients with ≤9 years education (0.86%) than for those with 10–12 years (0.82%) and >12 years (0.65%). Treatment exposures (76% any disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) or steroids, 64% any DMARD, 15% biological agents) varied with age; use of biological agents decreased from 22% in 16–59 years olds to 3% in ≥80 years olds. Any DMARD use correspondingly decreased from 71% to 43%. Applying age cut-off points from previous northern European and North American prevalence studies reduced or eliminated between-study differences.ConclusionThis nationwide approach yielded a prevalence of RA similar to previous regional assessments. While displaying only modest geographical variation and no urban/rural gradient, prevalence was associated with educational level. Although most patients received antirheumatic drugs, age was a strong treatment determinant.
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Ell, Kathleen, Bin Xie, Brenda Quon, David I. Quinn, Megan Dwight-Johnson, and Pey-Jiuan Lee. "Randomized Controlled Trial of Collaborative Care Management of Depression Among Low-Income Patients With Cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 26, no. 27 (September 20, 2008): 4488–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2008.16.6371.
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PurposeTo determine the effectiveness of the Alleviating Depression Among Patients With Cancer (ADAPt-C) collaborative care management for major depression or dysthymia.Patients and MethodsStudy patients included 472 low-income, predominantly female Hispanic patients with cancer age ≥ 18 years with major depression (49%), dysthymia (5%), or both (46%). Patients were randomly assigned to intervention (n = 242) or enhanced usual care (EUC; n = 230). Intervention patients had access for up to 12 months to a depression clinical specialist (supervised by a psychiatrist) who offered education, structured psychotherapy, and maintenance/relapse prevention support. The psychiatrist prescribed antidepressant medications for patients preferring or assessed to require medication.ResultsAt 12 months, 63% of intervention patients had a 50% or greater reduction in depressive symptoms from baseline as assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) depression scale compared with 50% of EUC patients (odds ratio [OR] = 1.98; 95% CI, 1.16 to 3.38; P = .01). Improvement was also found for 5-point decrease in PHQ-9 score among 72.2% of intervention patients compared with 59.7% of EUC patients (OR = 1.99; 95% CI, 1.14 to 3.50; P = .02). Intervention patients also experienced greater rates of depression treatment (72.3% v 10.4% of EUC patients; P < .0001) and significantly better quality-of-life outcomes, including social/family (adjusted mean difference between groups, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.22 to 4.17; P < .001), emotional (adjusted mean difference, 1.29; 95% CI, 0.26 to 2.22; P = .01), functional (adjusted mean difference, 1.34; 95% CI, 0.08 to 2.59; P = .04), and physical well-being (adjusted mean difference, 2.79; 95% CI, 0.49 to 5.1; P = .02).ConclusionADAPt-C collaborative care is feasible and results in significant reduction in depressive symptoms, improvement in quality of life, and lower pain levels compared with EUC for patients with depressive disorders in a low-income, predominantly Hispanic population in public sector oncology clinics.
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Hordowicz, Martyna Joanna, Jerzy Jarosz, Anna Klimkiewicz, Małgorzata Czaplińska, Agnieszka Leonhard, and Maria Wysocka. "To Treat or Not to Treat? Polish Physicians’ Opinions about the Clinical Aspects of Cannabinoids—An Online Survey." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11010236.
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Introduction: Medical cannabis’ importance in Poland increased dramatically following its legalization as the 12th country in Europe in 2017. However, no studies have been published to give insight into Polish physicians’ opinions about medical cannabis. Objectives: To investigate physician’s opinions about cannabinoids’ utility in clinical practice, concerns regarding their safety profile, and their clinical experience with cannabinoids. Methods: The survey using a self-developed tool was conducted online; participants were physicians with or without specialist training. Participation was voluntary. Physicians were recruited through personal networks, palliative care courses, and Medical Chambers. Results: From June to October 2020, we recruited 173 physicians from 15/16 voivodeships. The largest age group (43.9%; n = 76) was 30–39 year-olds. A similar proportion declared they never used cannabis and did not receive any training regarding cannabinoids (60% for both). Only 15 (8%) ever prescribed medical cannabis, although about 50% declared knowing suitable patients for such therapy, and 53.8% had at least one patient proactively asking for such treatment in the last 6 mo. The most common indication chosen was pain: chronic cancer-related (n = 128), chronic non-cancer (n = 77), and neuropathic (n = 60). Other commonly chosen conditions were alleviation of cancer treatment side-effects (n = 56) and cachexia (n = 57). The overall safety profile of THC was assessed as similar to most commonly used medications, including opioids; NSAIDs and benzodiazepines were, however, perceived as safer. Conclusions: Polish physicians favored the legalization of medical cannabis. However, it is of concern that a limited number have any experience with prescribing cannabis. The creation of clear guidelines to advise physicians in their routine practice and education about pain management and the risks related to the consumption of recreational cannabis for medical conditions are needed.
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McIlfatrick, S., DHL Muldrew, E. Carduff, M. Clarke, J. Coast, A. Finucane, L. Graham-Wisener, et al. "31 A multi-site retrospective case note review for clinical practices of constipation in specialist palliative care settings." BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care 8, no. 3 (September 2018): 371.2–371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjspcare-2018-mariecurie.31.
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BackgroundConstipation is a common symptom for patients receiving palliative care. Whilst national clinical guidelines are available on the management of constipation for people with advanced cancer in specialist palliative care (SPC) settings questions exist around clinical practice and the extent to which the guidelines are implemented in practice. This study examine current clinical practice for management of constipation for patients with advanced cancer in SPC settings.MethodsA multi-site retrospective case-note review was conducted consisting of 150 patient case-notes from three SPC units across the United Kingdom between August 2016 and May 2017. Descriptive statistics were used to compare clinical practices to national policy guidelines for constipation.ResultsA physical exam and bowel history was recorded for 109 patients (73%). Whilst the Bristol Stool Chart was used frequently across sites (96%) involvement of the multidisciplinary team varied. Almost a third of patient charts (27%) recorded no evidence of non-pharmacological management strategies. Pharmacological management was recorded frequently with sodium docusate or senna as the preferred laxatives across all sites however 33% of patient charts recorded no information on the titration of laxatives. There were no consistent management strategies recorded for opioid induced constipation or bowel obstructionConclusionAssessment and management of constipation in SPC settings is highly variable. Variations in assessment; limited use of non-pharmacological and preventative strategies and absence of consistent strategies for opioid induced constipation or bowel obstruction are evident. Further education is needed to equip HCPs with the necessary knowledge and skills to assess and manage constipation.References. Friedrichsen M, Erichsen E. The lived experience of constipation in cancer patients in palliative hospital-based home care. Int J Palliat Nurs [Internet] 2004;10(7):321–5. Available from: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&profile=ehost&scope=site&authtype=crawler&jrnl?=13576321&A?N=13991056&h=XKMF4r08srZuhDY0j7C95oLLyYKNHUcvoeEuhyXNnsIM2BI%2BEhmcY1pPP%2BN1pvrMzQ9Bn9b5j45X6WzyBRydEA%3D%3D&crl=c [Accessed: 21 August 2017]. Gilbert EH, et al. Chart reviews in emergency medicine research: Where are the methods?Annals of Emergency Medicine1996;27(3):305–8. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8599488 [Accessed: 17 May 2018]. National Clinical Effectiveness Committee. Management of constipation in adult patients receiving palliative care national clinical guideline No. 10November 2015.. Tvistholm N, Munch L, Danielsen AK. Constipation is casting a shadow over everyday life? A systematic review on older people’s experience of living with constipation [Internet]. Journal of Clinical Nursing2017;26:902–14. Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/jocn.13422 [Accessed: 21 August 2017]. Wickson-griffiths A, et al.Revisiting retrospective chart review: An evaluation of nursing home palliative and end-of-life care research. Palliative Medicine Care2014;1(2):8. Available at: www.symbiosisonlinepublishing.com [Accessed: 23 November 2017]
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MORALES, Z., R. ATENCIO, M. A. RAMOS, and J. BRUNO-COLMENÁREZ. "ANÁLISE DE ESTRUTURA CRISTALINA E SUPERFÍCIE HIRSHFELD DE UMA COORDENAÇÃO UNI-DIMENSIONAL HÍBRIDA ORGÂNICA/INORGANICA [(MoO3)(biim)]n." Periódico Tchê Química 15, no. 30 (August 20, 2018): 414–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v15.n30.2018.417_periodico30_pgs_414_420.pdf.
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A new one-dimensional organic/inorganic hybrid [(MoO3)(biim)]n has been synthesized by a hydrothermal method in a reactor Parr. Its structure was characterized by FT-IR spectroscopic studies and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. This compound crystallize in the orthorhombic system with space group Cmc21, Z = 4, and unit cell parameters a = 6.9834(4) Å, b = 9.8771(6) Å, c = 13.6740(8) Å, and β = 103.861(1)º, V=1026.64(18) Å3. The molecular structure and crystal packing are stabilized mainly by a strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds with atoms N–H•••O which can be described by graph set symbol R22(9) and its packing arrangement reinforced by π - π stacking. The intercontacts in the crystal structure are analyzed using Hirshfeld surfaces computational method.div>
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Ishikawa, N. F., M. Yamane, H. Suga, N. O. Ogawa, Y. Yokoyama, and N. Ohkouchi. "Chlorophyll <i>a</i>-specific Δ<sup>14</sup>C, δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>15</sup>N values in stream periphyton: implications for aquatic food web studies." Biogeosciences 12, no. 22 (November 26, 2015): 6781–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6781-2015.
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Abstract. Periphytic algae attached to a streambed substrate (periphyton) are an important primary producer in stream ecosystems. We determined the isotopic composition of chlorophyll a in periphyton collected from a stream flowing on limestone bedrock in the Seri River, central Japan. Stable isotope ratios of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) and natural radiocarbon abundances (Δ14C) were measured in chlorophyll a (δ13Cchl, δ15Nchl and Δ14Cchl) and bulk (δ13Cbulk, δ15Nbulk and Δ14Cbulk) for periphyton, a pure aquatic primary producer (Cladophora sp.) and a terrestrial primary producer (Quercus glauca). Periphyton δ13Cbulk and δ13Cchl values did not necessarily correspond to δ13Cbulk for an algal-grazing specialist (Epeorus latifolium). Periphyton Δ14Cchl values (−258 ‰ in April and −190 ‰ in October) were slightly lower than Δ14Cbulk values (−228 ‰ in April and −179 ‰ in October) but were close to the Δ14C value for dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC; −217 ± 31 ‰), which is a mixture of weathered carbonates (Δ14C = −1000 ‰), CO2 derived from aquatic and terrestrial organic matters (variable Δ14C) and dissolved atmospheric CO2 (Δ14C approximately +30 ‰ in 2013). Δ14Cchl values were also close to Δ14Cbulk for E. latifolium (−215 ‰ in April and −199 ‰ in October) and Cladophora sp. (−210 ‰), whereas the Δ14Cbulk value for Q. glauca (+27 ‰) was closer to Δ14C for atmospheric CO2. Although the bulk isotopic composition of periphyton is recognised as a surrogate for the photosynthetic algal community, natural periphyton is a mixture of aquatic and terrestrial organic materials. Our results indicate that the bulk periphyton matrix at the study site consists of 89 to 95 % algal carbon (derived from 14C-depleted DIC) and 5 to 11 % terrestrial organic carbon (derived from 14C-enriched atmospheric CO2).
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Ishikawa, N. F., M. Yamane, H. Suga, N. O. Ogawa, Y. Yokoyama, and N. Ohkouchi. "Chlorophyll <i>a</i> specific Δ<sup>14</sup>C, δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>15</sup>N values in stream periphyton: implications for aquatic food web studies." Biogeosciences Discussions 12, no. 14 (July 16, 2015): 11089–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-11089-2015.
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Abstract. We determined the isotopic composition of chlorophyll a in periphytic algae attached to a streambed substrate (periphyton). The samples were collected from a stream flowing on limestone bedrock in the Seri River, central Japan. Stable isotope ratios of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) and natural radiocarbon abundances (Δ14C) were measured in chlorophyll a (δ13Cchl, δ15Nchl and Δ14Cchl) and bulk (δ13Cbulk, δ15Nbulk and Δ14Cbulk) for periphyton, pure aquatic primary producer (Cladophora sp.) and terrestrial primary producer (Quercus glauca). Periphyton δ13Cbulk and δ13Cchl values did not necessarily correspond to δ13Cbulk for an algal-grazing specialist (Mayfly larva, Epeorus latifolium), suggesting that periphyton δ13C values do not faithfully trace carbon transfer between primary producers and primary consumers. Periphyton Δ14Cchl values (−258 ‰ in April and −190 ‰ in October) were slightly lower than Δ14Cbulk values (−228 ‰ in April and −179 ‰ in October), but were close to the Δ14C value for dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) (−217 ± 31 ‰), which is a mixture of weathered carbonates (Δ14C = −1000 ‰) and dissolved atmospheric CO2 (Δ14C approximately +30 ‰ in 2013). Δ14Cchl values were also close to Δ14Cbulk for E. latifolium (−215 ‰ in April and −199 ‰ in October) and Cladophora sp. (−210 ‰), whereas the Δ14Cbulk value for Q. glauca (+27 ‰) was closer to Δ14C for atmospheric CO2. Although the bulk isotopic composition of periphyton is recognised as a surrogate for the photosynthetic algal community, natural periphyton is a mixture of aquatic and terrestrial organic materials. Our results indicate that the bulk periphyton matrix at the study site consists of 89 to 95 % algal carbon (derived from 14C-depleted DIC) and 5 to 11 % terrestrial organic carbon (derived from 14C-enriched atmospheric CO2).
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Romadanova, Natalya, Мoldir Malikovna Aralbayeva, Nurgul Rymkhanova, Damirzhan Baigaraev, Alibek Ramazanov, Margarita Ishmuratova, and Svetlana Kushnarenko. "Криоконсервация как способ повышения лабораторной всхожести и энергии прорастания семян." Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series” 105, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2022bmg1/86-95.
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n all across the world, including Kazakhstan, there is a problem of loss of plant resources biodiversity. Therefore, work is underway to create cryogenic banks, in which long-term storage of plant germplasm is carried out at an ultra-low temperature of –196 °C. For seeds stored in cryogenic banks, it is necessary to study their dormant state and the action of substances that could stimulate their germination. Medicinal plants are important objects for research since the Republic lacks a well-functioning system of industrial cultivation of medicinal plants and the production of pharmaceuticals based on local raw materials. Consequently, scientific information is required on the long-term maintenance of viable seed material and methods of stimulating seed germination. As a result of the experiments, the positive effect of gibberellic acid (GA) and liquid nitrogen (LN) on the increase in the percentage of germination energy (GE) and laboratory germination (LG) of medicinal plants seeds were revealed. On average, after LN exposure to seeds, the percentage of GE increased by 1.4 and LG by 1.5 times. After the exposure to GA, the percentage of GE increased by 1.2 times, and LG by 2.9 times. It was found that, to stimulate GE and LG, it is sufficient to treat seeds with one of the reagents, GA or LN. It was found that the seeds of Silybum marianum lose their germination after storage at a temperature of 1±1 °C for 9 months. The stimulation of GE and LG may require the treatment of freshly harvested seeds with chemical reagents. The effectiveness of the exposure of LN on in vitro seeds GE of Valeriana officinalis and Matricaria chamomilla variety Karagandinskaya by 4.5 and 1.8 times, respectively, was noted. The LG percentage of Valeriana officinalis after exposure to LN increased by 1.3 times, while the effect of LN on the LG of Matricaria chamomilla variety Karagandinskaya seeds was not observed.