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Journal articles on the topic 'Special methods of evidence'
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1
Karimi, Kayvan. "Special issue: Evidence-informed and analytical methods in urban design." URBAN DESIGN International 17, no. 4 (November 7, 2012): 253–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/udi.2012.24.
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Odom, Samuel L., Ellen Brantlinger, Russell Gersten, Robert H. Horner, Bruce Thompson, and Karen R. Harris. "Research in Special Education: Scientific Methods and Evidence-Based Practices." Exceptional Children 71, no. 2 (January 2005): 137–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001440290507100201.
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Soenen, Bram, Franky D'Oosterlinck, and Eric Broekaert. "Implementing evidence-supported methods in residential care and special education: A process-model." Children and Youth Services Review 36 (January 2014): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2013.11.023.
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Posner, Michael I., and Bruce D. McCandliss. "Converging Methods for Investigating Lexical Access." Psychological Science 4, no. 5 (September 1993): 305–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1993.tb00569.x.
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In our discussion of the articles in this Special Section, we ask how well the various methods employed in these investigations can be made to converge on a common issue. We review how current evidence from positron emission tomography, studies of event-related potentials, cognitive methods, lesion studies, and network models relates to the mental processing of an ambiguous word. While many puzzles remain, we are impressed by the promising possibility of bringing these different methods together to deal with an issue central to cognition.
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Fisher, Bill, and Dav Robertson. "Evidence-based Management as a Tool for Special Libraries." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 2, no. 4 (December 7, 2007): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8jc75.
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Objective – To examine the evidence based management literature, as an example of evidence based practice, and determine how applicable evidence based management might be in the special library environment.
Methods – Recent general management literature and the subject-focused literature of evidence based management were reviewed; likewise recent library/information science management literature and the subject-focused literature of evidence based librarianship were reviewed to identify relevant examples of the introduction and use of evidence based practice in organizations. Searches were conducted in major business/management databases, major library/information science databases, and relevant Web sites, blogs and wikis. Citation searches on key articles and follow-up searches on cited references were also conducted. Analysis of the retrieved literature was conducted to find similarities and/or differences between the management literature and the library/information science literature, especially as it related to special libraries.
Results – The barriers to introducing evidence based management into most organizations were found to apply to many special libraries and are similar to issues involved with evidence based practice in librarianship in general. Despite these barriers, a set of resources to assist special librarians in accessing research-based information to help them use principles of evidence based management is identified.
Conclusion – While most special librarians are faced with a number of barriers to using evidence based management, resources do exist to help overcome these obstacles.
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Sampson, Geoffrey. "Quantifying the shift towards empirical methods." International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 10, no. 1 (March 11, 2005): 15–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.10.1.02sam.
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In recent decades there has been a trend towards greater use of empirical data, for instance corpus data, within linguistics. I analyse a sample of linguistics articles from the past half-century in order to establish a detailed profile for this trend. Based on consistent criteria for classifying papers as evidence-based, intuition-based, or neutral, the resulting profile shows that the trend (i) is real, but (ii) is strikingly weaker in general linguistics than in the special subfield of computational linguistics, and (iii) appears to have begun to go into reverse.
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Sesé, Albert. "Discussing the Scientific Evidence Generation and Psychological Research Methods in Postmodern Societies." Journal for Perspectives of Economic Political and Social Integration 24, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 9–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pepsi-2018-0006.
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Abstract Evidence generation by current Social and Health Sciences is coping with some important barriers that difficult credibility of scientific products. Information and communication technologies have a strong impact over social relationships in our postmodern societies. The incidence of post-truth in our context is generating a pernicious relativism, far from contrasting the information veracity. The aim of this paper is to analyze and discuss the challenges of research methods and statistical models, more specifically for Psychological research, taking into account the impact of novel techniques as big data and virtual reality. Special attention is also devoted to the discussion about statistical shortcomings of psychological research and to the reproducibility problem. Finally, some potential solutions are proposed to be applied in order to improve the quality of scientific evidence.
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Harnisch, Delwyn L., Adrian T. Fisher, and Michael L. Connell. "Human judgment and the logic of evidence: A critical examination of research methods in special education literature." International Journal of Educational Research 13, no. 5 (January 1989): 473–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0883-0355(89)90056-6.
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Maggin, Daniel M., and Allison Bruhn. "Evidence-Based Assessment and Single-Case Research: A Commentary for the Special Issue on Direct Behavior Ratings." Assessment for Effective Intervention 43, no. 2 (November 1, 2017): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1534508417738722.
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The purpose of this commentary is to provide observation on the contributions to the special issue and remark on the broader implications of the research. As noted throughout the special issue, the intent was to demonstrate the use of progress monitoring within a problem-solving framework to evaluate student social and behavioral development using direct behavior ratings (DBR). Leveraging single-case research methods through adherence to the What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) standards, the articles included in the special issue provide examples for using DBR to assess student response-to-intervention while also illustrating a number of psychometric considerations that can strengthen the evidence base for progress-monitoring tools more broadly. In this commentary, we argue that the research included in the special issue provides a framework for conceptualizing evidence-based assessment for progress-monitoring instruments using single-case methods. Toward this end, the commentary provides an overview of the concept of evidence-based assessment and uses examples from the included studies to describe various facets.
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Maramat, Robin, Norliza Ibrahim, Marlini Othman, and Nor Aliza Abdul Rahim. "Larvae of Forensically Important Flies associated with Rabbit Carcasses Placed in a Closed Room in Kuching, Sarawak." Journal of Clinical and Health Sciences 6, no. 1(Special) (June 30, 2021): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jchs.v6i1(special).13995.
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Introduction: This is the first report on insects associated with rabbit carcasses in indoor environment in Kuching, Sarawak. Methods: This study was conducted on June till August of 2016. Rabbit carcasses (Oryctolagous cuniculus) which were used as the animal model, were placed inside a dark room in a building at Forensic Medicine Department in Sarawak General Hospital. The fly larvae infesting on the carcasses were collected until the decomposition process completed. Throughout the 15 days of experiment, the fly larvae were sampled on the carcasses indoor at 28.9 ± 0.3 °C and 69.6 ± 1.0% humidity. Results: The fly larvae activity was observed during the active decay stage and was identified as Synthesiomyia nudiseta (van der Wulp, 1883) (Diptera: Muscidae) and Sarcophaga spp. (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Only these two species were found co-existing on the carcasses. Conclusions: S. nudiseta and Sarcophaga spp. could be used as an entomological evidence involving indoor cases in Kuching, Sarawak because both species were dominant and active carcass decomposers in indoor environment.
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Baron, David P. "Review of Grossman and Helpman's Special Interest Politics." Journal of Economic Literature 40, no. 4 (November 1, 2002): 1221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/002205102762203611.
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In Special Interest Politics Gene Grossman and Elhanan Helpman examine how special-interest groups influence political outcomes for the benefit of their members. The authors take interest groups seriously by considering a range of theories and supporting evidence on interest group activity. Their book provides perspectives on how to study interest group politics and a set of methods for that study. Although the authors present a number of standard models, the book contains much that is new. The reader takes away a multitude of results, tools, models, and new research ideas. The result is an outstanding book full of insight, useful methods, and perspective.
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Mace, Chris. "Special Section: Setting the World on Wheels: Some Clinical Challenges of Evidence-Based Practice." Group Analysis 39, no. 3 (September 2006): 304–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0533316406066592.
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This article critically examines the aims and methods of evidence-based practice (EBP) with particular reference to group psychotherapy. Six challenges posed by EBP for every psychotherapist are described.
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Carter, Alexis B. "Clinical Requests for Molecular Tests: The 3-Step Evidence Check." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 136, no. 12 (April 5, 2012): 1585–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2011-0691-sa.
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Laboratory tests performed by molecular methods are increasing in volume and complexity at an unprecedented rate. Molecular tests have a broad set of applications, and most recently have been advocated as the mechanism by which providers can further tailor treatments to the individual patient. As the momentum behind molecular testing continues to increase, pathology practices may find themselves unprepared for the new wave of molecular medicine. This special article has been developed in an effort to provide pathologists who have limited molecular training with a simple and quick algorithm for determining whether a requested molecular test is appropriate for a patient. Additional recommendations for a more intensive and proactive review and management of molecular requests also are included. The principles discussed can easily be applied to requests for any test, including those not using molecular methods, which would be sent to an outside reference laboratory. This special article was developed from a Webinar for the College of American Pathologists targeting education for pathologists about the transformation of pathology practice in the new molecular and digital age.
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CATURANO, MARIANGELA. "Un Modello di Ricerca Evidence Based sull’Inclusione Scolastica In Italia." International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology. Revista INFAD de Psicología. 1, no. 1 (July 2, 2016): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.17060/ijodaep.2016.n1.v1.159.
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Abstract: Che cosa significa educazione inclusiva? In che modo è possibile sostenere lo sviluppo di un sistema che favorisca l’inclusione nella quotidiana realtà scolastica? Su un campione di 162 studenti, dagli 8 ai 16 anni, si vogliono misurare gli effetti di efficaci metodologie didattiche quali feedback, formative evaluation, collaborative learning, digital technology. Variabili stimate sono le competenze e le abilità trasversali alle discipline, i fattori cognitivo-emozionali del successo scolastico, l’autostima. Valutazione bio psico-sociale che si oppone alla valutazione bio-medica prevalente in Italia. Osservare tutti gli allievi, trasformare la risposta speciale in normalità, misurare le variabili del contesto scolastico favorevoli all’inclusione può contribuire a migliorare, in Italia, l’efficacia di investimenti pubblici stimati nel 2013 in € 4,7B. Qui si costruisce un modello, il cui disegno sperimentale impone metodologie riconosciute a livello internazionale ed europeo come l’evidence based education (EBE), necessarie per confrontare i risultati e replicare il modello in un contesto sovranazionale. I risultati entreranno a far parte del progetto pilota dell’European Agency For Special Needs avviato in tre paesi, tra cui l’Italia, e che verrà concluso nell’ottobre 2016.Parole chiave: inclusione, organizzazione inclusiva, metodologie didattiche, evidence based education Abstract: What is inclusive education? How you can support the development of a system that favors the inclusion in the daily school reality? On a sample of 162 students, aged 8 to 16 years, they want to measure the effects of effective teaching methods such as feedback, formative evaluation, collaborative learning, digital technology. Estimated variables are the skills and abilities to cross disciplines, cognitive-emotional factors of academic success, self-esteem. Rating bio psychosocial which opposes the prevailing bio-medical evaluation in Italy. Observe all students, to transform the special response in normal, measure the variables of the school environment favorable to the inclusion in Italy improves the effectiveness of a welfare amounted to € 4,7B. Here we build a model, whose experimental design requires methodologies recognized at international and European level as the evidence-based education (EBE), necessary to compare the results and replicate the model in a supranational context. The results will become part of the pilot project of the European Agency For Special Needs started in three countries, including Italy, and which will be concluded in October 2016.Keywords: inclusion, inclusive rules, educational methods, evidence based education, EBE
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Galyashina, E. I. "Special Methods of Forensic Linguistic Analysis and “Expert Phantoms” (Reflections upon Reading the Works of R.S. Belkin's on Criminalistics)." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science 12, no. 3 (September 30, 2017): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.30764/64/1819-2785-2017-12-3-33-39.
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The article discusses some special methods and approaches to forensic linguistic analysis that may lead to the occurrence of “expert phantoms”, or speculative contradictory findings instead of science-based linguistic facts. The use of linguistic methods that modify the original text as a piece of linguistic evidence, or artificially create a new virtual object (“complex separate text”) by combining different texts, can be seen as the basis for evaluating an expert’s opinion as irrelevant or inadmissible evidence.
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Vishwakarma, Pramatma, Akarshan Suryal, Priyanka Maurya, N. Jyotishmaan Sahu, and Darla Vijaya Mani Datta. "A Review of Methods and Techniques used to perform investigation cases of Source Code Forensics." International Journal of Computer Applications Technology and Research 10, no. 04 (April 6, 2021): 087–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.7753/ijcatr1004.1004.
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Digital Forensics is that special branch of forensic science that deals with electronic evidence. Evidence that is electronic in nature could be in several states. When the evidence in contention is a source code with its origin and authorship in question, such evidence comes under the sub-branch of Source Code or Software Forensics. This field has been found to be up and coming as frequent cases pertaining to IPR are being reported in India off late. This paper is a review of this discipline and talks about various tools and techniques that may be employed to process a case in this sub-branch. It discusses the various practical problems that are faced by an investigator in conducting such investigations along with the various shortcomings of the existent techniques. A few relevant and recent case studies along with their various considerations have also been discussed in this work.
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Roberts, Leah, Jorge González Alonso, Christos Pliatsikas, and Jason Rothman. "Evidence from neurolinguistic methodologies: Can it actually inform linguistic/language acquisition theories and translate to evidence-based applications?" Second Language Research 34, no. 1 (October 13, 2016): 125–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267658316644010.
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This special issue is a testament to the recent burgeoning interest by theoretical linguists, language acquisitionists and teaching practitioners in the neuroscience of language. It offers a highly valuable, state-of-the-art overview of the neurophysiological methods that are currently being applied to questions in the field of second language (L2) acquisition, teaching and processing. Research in the area of neurolinguistics has developed dramatically in the past 20 years, providing a wealth of exciting findings, many of which are discussed in the articles in this issue of the journal. The goal of this commentary is twofold. The first is to critically assess the current state of neurolinguistic data from the point of view of language acquisition and processing – informed by the articles that comprise this special issue and the literature as a whole – pondering how the neuroscience of language/processing might inform us with respect to linguistic and language acquisition theories. The second goal is to offer some links from implications of exploring the first goal towards informing language teachers and the creation of linguistically and neurolinguistically-informed evidence-based pedagogies for non-native language teaching.
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Zhuravel, V. "METHODS IN CRIMINALISTICS." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics 19, no. 1 (April 2, 2020): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32353/khrife.1.2019.02.
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The genesis and current condition of scientific approaches to defining methods in criminalistics are considered. It is noted that, despite the significant importance for the formation of the methodology of criminalistics science, no separate doctrine of its methods has been created yet. Conversely, scientists offer different definitions and classification constructions of methods of this science. There is not always a justifiable division of criminalistics methods into research methods and methods of practical activity. It is emphasized that the introduction of a single, unified, consistent classification of methods in criminalistics science is a prerequisite for the further effective scientific research in this area of knowledge and the solution of praxeological tasks in the activity of judicial investigative bodies, expert institutions, operational units. Finding out established approaches to the classification of methods in science of criminalistics will contribute to the final formation of the modern scientific criminalistics paradigm.
In view of the results of the analysis of scientific approaches, it is proposed to divide the methods in forensics into two varieties, using the following terms: 1) methods of criminalistics that means methods of studying the subject of research of this field of knowledge, carrying out scientific research; 2) criminalistics methods, that is, the optimal methods of action of authorized subjects that are the result of the conducted research and recommended for practical use. Methods of criminalistics should be grouped into the following levels: philosophical, general scientific (methods of empirical research, methods of theoretical research, general logical methods), separate scientific (special) (borrowed, transformed, especially criminalistics). In turn, forensic methods can be divided into: methods of collecting, recording and investigating evidence; methods of using forensic and special techniques; methods of conducting individual investigative (search) actions; methods of designing and testing investigators, court, expert versions and construction of forecasting models, etc. The above points out that in the forensic scientific knowledge there is a complex, dynamic, subordinated system of numerous methods of different levels, spheres of action, directions, which are realized taking into account specific conditions and subject of research. At the same time, this system is open and constantly updated with new methods as a result of their development and renewing.
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Ferguson, Leila E. "Evidence-informed teaching and practice-informed research." Zeitschrift für Pädagogische Psychologie 35, no. 2-3 (April 2021): 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1010-0652/a000310.
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Abstract. In this commentary, I seek to join the ongoing conversation about evidence-informed educational practice that has been threaded through this special issue. I do so by drawing on related insights from the fields of teachers' beliefs and epistemic cognition and considering the roles of teacher education and educational research in improving (preservice) teachers' use of educational research. In particular, I focus on the merits of explicit research-based practice in teacher educators' teaching and ways that they can encourage preservice teachers' interactions with educational research in class, and methods of changing the beliefs that may underlie (preservice) teachers' engagement with educational research evidence, and finally, the need for clearly communicated research, including details of implementation.
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Kuznetsova, O., and V. Zlatnikov. "APPROACHES AND EFFECTIVE METHODS OF INSTRUCTION IN THE FOREIGN LANGUAGE FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES." Visnyk Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Military-Special Sciences, no. 1 (45) (2021): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/728-2217.2021.45.17-20.
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At the present stage of expanding international contacts in various fields of activity for students it is becoming increasinglyimportant to expand their knowledge of languages outside of everyday foreign language (English). Learning foreign languages hasa number of benefits, including facilitating effective communication and building partnerships, business and military relationships with people from other countries/cultures. Since there are a number of factors that affect the effective acquisition of a foreign language in the context of bilin gualism, modern methods of teaching foreign languages have their own characteristics, considering the target areas and standards. There are many approaches to foreign language teaching developed at the end of the last centurythat have become widely used in teaching foreign languages for special purposes in higher education at the present stage of learning. The range of teaching methods varies depending on which aspects of language acquisition they emphasize – from teaching grammar to the lexicographic component of modern English-language culture of business and professional communication, which are seen as an element of communication skills of young military and civilian professionals [1]. As there is a wide range of different approaches and methods of teaching a foreign language for professional purposes used in lessons, the question will be whether there is evidence that some methods are more effective in acquiring and maintaining acquired skills. The article presents practical recommendations for motivating students to free oral/written communication in a foreign language, taking into account professional needs; the sequence of stages at which new programs for studying a foreign language of special purpose are logically executed, and also offers concerning a vocabulary is provided. The article evaluates and analyzes the latest trends in the methodology of teaching foreign languages, which provides a basis for effective study of a foreign language for professional purposes, taking into account the communicative orientation military, business and professional communication.
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Ting, Chao Wen, Naji Arafat Mahat, Aida Rasyidah Azman, Nor Wajihan Muda, and Nurazira Anuar. "Performance of the Nanobio-Based Reagent for Visualising Wet Fingerprints Exposed to Different Levels of Water Salinity." Journal of Clinical and Health Sciences 6, no. 1(Special) (June 30, 2021): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jchs.v6i1(special).13169.
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Introduction: Recovery of evidence such as murder weapons in waterways has been commonly reported. However, visualising latent fingerprints on the immersed substrates may prove challenging due to its obliteration by physicochemical parameters (e.g. pH, temperature, salinity) as well as the mechanical effect of water. Although the use of Small Particle Reagent (SPR) for visualising latent fingerprints on wet non-porous substrates has been suggested, it contains molybdenum and titanium that are toxic, and their utilisation must be reduced. Furthermore, no study verifies the chemical and/or physical interaction between SPR and the lipid constituents of wet latent fingerprints that leads to the visualisation of ridge details. Methods: The SPR and newly developed nanobio based reagent (NBR) i.e. Candida rugosa lipase-multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CRL-MWCNTs) were used for visualising latent fingerprints on glass slides immersed in water with salinitylevels representing those of estuary and swimming pool for up to 15 days. Results: It was observed that the quality of the visualised fingerprints using NBR was comparable with that of SPR. Characterisations via instrument and bioinformatics analyses have also verified the incorporation of CRL onto MWCNTs and the chemical interaction between NBR and lipid constituents of wet latent fingerprints. Conclusions: Therefore, the newly developed NBR may prove a promising relatively greener alternative for substituting SPR for visualising latent fingerprints on glass slides immersed in different levels of water salinity.
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Sorokin, A. B., M. A. Zotova, and N. Y. Korovina. "Screening Methods for Identification of the Target Group Autism Spectrum For Special Education Teachers and Psychologists." Психологическая наука и образование 21, no. 3 (2016): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/pse.2016210302.
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We present three screening instruments which can be used by special education teachers and psychologists for assessment of children who may belong to the intervention target group “autism spectrum”. Two of these instruments (Social Communication Questionnaire and Checklist for Autism Spectrum Disorders) are parent/caregiver questionnaires and one (Autism Mental Status Exam) is a short observation schedule. All three methods were used with 132 children with conditions associated with autism spectrum, other developmental conditions, as well as typically developing children. Correlation coefficient values ranged from 0.7 to 0.82 for the pairwise comparison of the three overall scores. They provide evidence for significant convergent validity of the methods. The article discusses the strong sides of every instrument that professionals may find useful when choosing instruments for their diagnostic toolbox.
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Dupont, Christian, and Elizabeth Yakel. "“What’s So Special about Special Collections?” Or, Assessing the Value Special Collections Bring to Academic Libraries." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 8, no. 2 (June 11, 2013): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8690q.
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Objective – The objective of this study was to examine and call attention to the current deficiency in standardized performance measures and usage metrics suited to assessing the value and impact of special collections and archives and their contributions to the mission of academic research libraries and to suggest possible approaches to overcoming the deficiency.
Methods – The authors reviewed attempts over the past dozen years by the Association of Research Libraries (ARL) and the Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL) to highlight the unique types of value that special collections and archival resources contribute to academic research libraries. They also examined the results of a large survey of special collections and archives conducted by OCLC Research in 2010. In addition, they investigated efforts by the Society of American Archivists (SAA) dating back to the 1940s to define standardized metrics for gathering and comparing data about archival operations. Finding that the library and archival communities have thus far failed to develop and adopt common metrics and methods for gathering data about the activities of special collections and archives, the authors explored the potential benefits of borrowing concepts for developing user-centered value propositions and metrics from the business community.
Results – This study found that there has been a lack of consensus and precision concerning the definition of “special collections” and the value propositions they offer, and that most attempts have been limited in their usefulness because they were collections-centric. The study likewise reaffirmed a lack of consensus regarding how to define and measure basic operations performed by special collections and archives, such as circulating materials to users in supervised reading rooms. The review of concepts and metrics for assessing value in the business community, however, suggested new approaches to defining metrics that may be more successful.
Conclusion – The authors recommend shifting from collection-centric to user-centric approaches and identifying appropriately precise metrics that can be consistently and widely applied to facilitate cross-institutional comparisons. Adopting a user-centric perspective, they argue, will provide a broader picture of how scholars interact with special collections at different points in the research process, both inside and outside of supervised reading rooms, as well as how undergraduate students change their thinking about evidence through interaction with primary sources. They authors outline the potential benefits of substituting the commonly used “reader-day” metric for tabulating reading room visits with a “reader-hour” metric and correlating it with item usage data in order to gauge the intensity of reading room use. They also discuss the potential benefits of assessing impact of instructional outreach in special collections and archives through measures of student confidence in pursuing research projects that involve primary sources.
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Pellegrino, James W. "Introduction to Special Section ofEducational Psychologiston Educational Assessment: Validity Arguments and Evidence—Blending Cognitive, Instructional, and Measurement Models and Methods." Educational Psychologist 51, no. 1 (January 2, 2016): 57–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2016.1150786.
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Essarras, Abrar, Ian R. Dadour, Christopher O’Brien, and Paola A. Magni. "A Preliminary Investigation of Insect Succession Patterns on Decomposing Carrion on Rottnest Island (WA)." Journal of Clinical and Health Sciences 6, no. 1(Special) (June 30, 2021): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jchs.v6i1(special).13165.
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Introduction: Pivotal component of medico-legal investigations is the determination of time since death, or (minimum) postmortem interval, (min) PMI. Forensic entomology can provide reliable estimates of (min) PMI using carrion insect species. Carrion insect arrival and departure occurs in predictable and sequential waves, however, successions may vary depending on geographical location and environmental conditions. Hence, it is crucial to refer to insect succession data of the same region where the death scene occurs. A current gap in forensic entomology research is on carrion-breeding species and succession on decomposition remains/carrions on small islands. Rottnest Island is located off the south-west coast of Perth. The aim of this study was to establish baseline data of carrion insect fauna present on this island, and to provide entomological evidence that may aid in any future investigations on the island. Methods: A list of the insect taxa associated with two decomposing swine hindquarters during the summer season was compiled over a 15-day study period and compared with published mainland data obtained during the same period of the year. Results: Ten insect taxa representing four families were collected and identified in association with the decomposing carrion. The first wave of colonising Diptera species included Calliphoridae species and Sarcophagidae species. The second wave of Diptera comprised Muscidae species, in addition to beetles. Furthermore, ants and spiders were noted throughout the trial. Conclusions: Comparing the results on Rottnest Island with currently available data from mainland WA, showed that the composition of insect speciesand the patterns of succession were similar.
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Гуркова and Irina Gurkova. "Dictionaries and Methods of Using Dictionaries at the Russian Language Lessons in a Primary School." Primary Education 3, no. 5 (October 19, 2015): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/14776.
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The paper provides evidence, that it is necessary to use different types of dictionaries, such as spelling dictionaries, pronouncing dictionaries
and defining dictionaries, when teaching the Russian language to the primary school children. Specific features of each type of dictionaries
are described. Further, the main methodical approaches to using dictionaries are outlined. Also provided are various kinds of assignments and
exercises, which take into consideration age and psychological peculiarities of primary school children. The author places special emphasis on
the role of pronouncing and defining dictionaries.
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Dimmitt, Carey, and Brett Zyromski. "Evidence-Based School Counseling: Expanding the Existing Paradigm." Professional School Counseling 23, no. 1_part_3 (January 2020): 2156759X2090450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2156759x20904501.
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This special edition of Professional School Counseling provides some of the key proceedings from the seventh annual Evidence-based School Counseling Conference (EBSCC). As the conceptual and practical aspects of conducting evidence-based school counseling (EBSC) have evolved, those changes are reflected in the conference content. This article identifies some of the ways that EBSC has progressed, including making sure that multiple aspects of student well-being—such as mental health and social-emotional learning—are given full consideration, increased attention to complex social contexts and student intersectional identities, new ways of thinking about what data to use and how to use it to make decisions and to show impact, as well as methods for teaching prospective school counselors how to most effectively practice EBSC.
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Lyratzopoulos, Georgios, Steven Barnes, Heather Stegenga, Suzi Peden, and Bruce Campbell. "UPDATING CLINICAL PRACTICE RECOMMENDATIONS: IS IT WORTHWHILE AND WHEN?" International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 28, no. 1 (January 2012): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462311000675.
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Background: Keeping clinical practice recommendations up-to-date with a continually evolving evidence base presents challenges. Resources required to update recommendations compete with those needed to evaluate newer treatments.Methods: We describe an approach developed by the UK National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) for updating clinical practice recommendations for new interventional procedures and we evaluate relevant initial experience of using this system. Depending on whether evidence for a procedure is judged adequate or inadequate for safety and efficacy, use in clinical practice is usually recommended with either “normal” or “special” arrangements for patient consent, data collection and institutional oversight, respectively. We examined whether differences in the state of the evidence at the initial and the updated appraisal of procedures were associated with changed recommendations.Results: Since 2008, updating of recommendations focuses on procedures with initially inadequate evidence. “Special arrangements” recommendations about eleven procedures were updated after 3.3–6.5 years (median, 5.3 years), and recommendations for six were changed to “normal arrangements.” Overall, procedures with changed (“special-to-normal”) recommendations had a greater increase in the number of patients included in observational studies published since the initial guidance.Conclusions: Procedures with changed (“special-to-normal”) recommendations generally had greater increases in their evidence base. Although uncertainties about optimal methods for keeping evidence-based recommendations up-to-date remain, this experience should be useful to policy makers in developing processes for prioritizing scarce resources for updating clinical practice recommendations. Further studies are needed about the value placed on “updated” recommendations by clinicians, policy-makers, and patients.
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Adesina, Kehinde, Olayinka Erin, Opeyemi Ajetunmobi, Simon Ilogho, and Osariemen Asiriuwa. "Does forensic audit influence fraud control? Evidence from Nigerian deposit money banks." Banks and Bank Systems 15, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 214–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.15(2).2020.19.
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This study examines the importance of the application of forensic audit in controlling financial frauds that ravage or threaten the soundness and business continuity of Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria. The study used survey design methods, and the primary data were obtained through the administration of structured questionnaire covering seventeen (17) banks out of twenty-two (22) Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) operating in the country, which is 77.3%. In this study, the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method was used to analyze and test hypotheses, and the findings showed that the involvement of qualified and experienced forensic auditors would not only contribute to the amelioration of financial frauds in DMBs, but would also lead to much-needed sanity in the banking sector of Nigeria. The study recommends that regulatory agencies, within the limits prescribed by law, mandate all the banks to create a special forensic department, managed by a professional forensic auditor, which will develop and constantly implement effective and efficient internal control, timely prosecution of fraudsters by considering them to be criminals and as a deterrent to others, and work out adequate training and development programs for their staff, especially in fraud control, in order to reduce the number of fraud cases in Nigerian banks.
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Ruedel, Kristin, and Maurice McInerney. "Formative Evaluation of the U.S. – Brazil Student Exchange Program: Methods, Findings, and Implications." Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 38, no. 3 (September 1, 2007): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.38.3.31.
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This article describes the formative evaluation of the Consortia for Future Leadership and Human Resources for the Social Inclusion of People with Special Needs. Evaluation methods and results for the Consortia's second year of operation are presented. Pertinent findings include evidence that the Consortia is making continuous progress in achieving the major objectives for its cross-country student exchange in both the United States and Brazil. Furthermore, reported levels of satisfaction for participating university professors, community rehabilitation providers, and students in both countries were very high. Applications of these findings to improve the Consortia's student exchange as well as the implications of the evaluation for international rehabilitation counseling and education are discussed.
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Shilekhin, Konstantin Evgenevich. "Evidence of administrative violations in the area of taxes and duties." Административное и муниципальное право, no. 1 (January 2020): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0595.2020.1.31844.
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The subject of this research is the normative legal acts, scientific literature, and case law materials reflecting the evidence of administrative violations. Covering the problem, the author notes the flaws in the existing legislation on administrative liability, using external (formal) sign to characterize a particular act as a legal violation or an offence. Underlining the flaws of such approach, special attention is paid to the search for the evidence of administrative violation, which allows characterizing the essence of the act. In the course of this research, the author applies scientific achievements of other human sciences, primarily economics. Methodological framework is comprised of the dialectical method of cognition of social reality. For collection, processing, generalization, analysis and interpretation of the materials, are used general scientific and special methods of research: induction, deduction and document analysis. The main conclusion of this study consists in the formulation of the definition of administrative violation in the area of taxes and duties. The author develops a new approach towards structuring the system of evidence of such unlawful act, highlighting the essential (conceptual) evidence – public danger, and proposing a mechanism for determining public danger of a particular act.
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Higgins, Julian P. T., José A. López-López, Betsy J. Becker, Sarah R. Davies, Sarah Dawson, Jeremy M. Grimshaw, Luke A. McGuinness, et al. "Synthesising quantitative evidence in systematic reviews of complex health interventions." BMJ Global Health 4, Suppl 1 (January 2019): e000858. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2018-000858.
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Public health and health service interventions are typically complex: they are multifaceted, with impacts at multiple levels and on multiple stakeholders. Systematic reviews evaluating the effects of complex health interventions can be challenging to conduct. This paper is part of a special series of papers considering these challenges particularly in the context of WHO guideline development. We outline established and innovative methods for synthesising quantitative evidence within a systematic review of a complex intervention, including considerations of the complexity of the system into which the intervention is introduced. We describe methods in three broad areas: non-quantitative approaches, including tabulation, narrative and graphical approaches; standard meta-analysis methods, including meta-regression to investigate study-level moderators of effect; and advanced synthesis methods, in which models allow exploration of intervention components, investigation of both moderators and mediators, examination of mechanisms, and exploration of complexities of the system. We offer guidance on the choice of approach that might be taken by people collating evidence in support of guideline development, and emphasise that the appropriate methods will depend on the purpose of the synthesis, the similarity of the studies included in the review, the level of detail available from the studies, the nature of the results reported in the studies, the expertise of the synthesis team and the resources available.
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Bobkov, V. N., and E. A. Chernykh. "Platform Employment — the Scale and Evidence of Instability." World of new economy 14, no. 2 (November 1, 2020): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2220-6469-2020-14-2-6-15.
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The relevance of the study of platform employment is determined by the fact that under the influence of digitalization, demographic and other challenges over the past decade, its scale has radically increased in the world. The emergence of digital labour platforms has become one of the important tools of the new organization and structuring of the labour market. The article reveals the scale of platform employment, statistically confirmed signs of its instability, as well as its positive and negative effects on workers, employers, and the economy as a whole. Measures are proposed to enhance its positive and prevent negative effects. The subject of the article is the socio-economic aspects of employment through online platforms. Platforms are digital (virtual) technological devices-software, algorithms, control systems using artificial intelligence and other digital means of labour. These new tools allow legal entities and/or individuals to join the unlimited and unknown circle of other individuals or legal entities (so-called crowd workers) for the production of goods and the provision of specialized services on a paid basis. The purpose of the article is to study the extent of the spread of platform employment, the mechanisms of its economic power over customers, to identify the benefits and risks of platform employment, as well as tools for using the former and limiting the latter. We used general scientific methods (system analysis, comparison, description, generalization, systematization, formalization), special methods (source analysis, SWOT analysis, expert assessment method, statistical methods), institutional approach and other methods of scientific research.
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Lopatina, Olga Anatolievna. "THE INVESTIGATION OF METHODS TO APPLY OF «TEXTILE» IMPRINTS ON D'YAKOVO CULTUR CERAMICS." Samara Journal of Science 4, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv20153209.
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The article contains the results of reconstruction of techniques and instruments, which made textile imprints appear on surface of D'yakovo pottery. The following techniques could cause the appearence of such imprints: 1) constructing in relief concave-forms, 2) paddling, 3) rouletting, 4) punching Experimental evidence allowed to prove that the textile imprints were mainly the result of rouletting. Special research permitted to establish some srecific signs of roueletting by the example of pottery wholly coverd with impressions of cord (nitochnyje). The difference between the similar instruments - the roller winded with thread and the plate paddle winded with tread - were revealed. The technique of rouelling was revealed concerning one more group of pottery - the speckled (ryabchatyje) one. The instrument which was used to apply such imprints was also reconstructed. It is the fir cones with partly removed scales. The scales of the cone could be intentionally removed by a human or eaten round by the rodents. Specifity of the traces of the partly removed scales consists in the special outline of the scales, the imprints of the fibre, the traces of rodents' teeth, the imprints of the longitudinal edge of the scales. The amount of the examined imprints allows to talk about the existence of a certain cultural tradition in the sphere of D'yakovo pottery.
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Naudé, Jacobus A., and Cynthia L. Miller-Naudé. "HISTORICAL LINGUISTICS, EDITORIAL THEORY, AND BIBLICAL HEBREW. THE CURRENT STATE OF THE DEBATE." Journal for Semitics 25, no. 2 (May 9, 2017): 833–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/1013-8471/2558.
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The question of diachronic change in Biblical Hebrew has been extensivelyexamined in recent years. This article has two parts. First, it reviews the currentstate of the debate in light of a special session devoted to the topic at the Societyof Biblical Hebrew and National Association of Professors of Hebrew in 2015.Special attention is given to the diachrony of Biblical Hebrew in light of ancientIndo-European languages, statistical methods for historical linguistics andeditorial theory. Second, it responds to a recent article of Rezetko (2016)concerning syntactic evidence for diachronic change in Qumran Hebrew (Naudé& Miller-Naudé 2016a) by providing additional evidence from the crosslinguisticnegative cycle and the negation of participles in Hebrew.
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Bukhtiyarov, I. V., A. F. Bobrov, Eduard I. Denisov, A. L. Eremin, N. N. Kur’erov, T. K. Losik, E. S. Pochtareva, et al. "OCCUPATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT METHODS AND THEIR INFORMATION SUPPORT." Hygiene and sanitation 98, no. 12 (December 15, 2019): 1327–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2019-98-12-1327-1330.
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The digital transformation of the economy and society prompts the renewal of methods in occupational health as well. There are outlined fundamentals of the draft revision of the “Guidelines for the Assessment of Occupational Risk to Employee Health. Organizational and methodological foundations, principles and criteria for the assessment». R 2.2.1766-03. The draft contains methods of occupational risk (OR) assessment supplied with information materials and software for working on the Internet in real-time. Algorithms and models for calculating the probability of impairment of health according to data of the Special Assessment of Working Conditions (SAWC) as well as causation algorithms - work-relatedness assessment according to data of periodic medical examinations (PME) for the validity of risk assessment from the standpoint of evidence-based medicine are presented. There are set out methods for calculating the probability of the formation of occupational diseases (OD) of the main nosological forms from the exposure of noise, hand-arm and whole-body vibration, heat and cool microclimate, fibrogenic dusts, physical labor (local, regional and general loads), strenuous work, standing work with the likelihood of varicose lower veins limbs, multi-factor exposure and low-back pain. Risk assessments for the reproductive health of workers are also discussed. The models are based on the documents of the WHO, ILO, ISO, domestic and foreign literature data that meet the principles of evidence-based medicine. The problems of work-related diseases (WRD) - the concept of WHO (1987) -basics of etiology, qualitative and quantitative criteria for causation, models of consensus and evidence-based medicine, as well as projects for integrated work on the detection systems for WRD in the European Union countries are considered. Single-digit indices of working conditions and health problems, moral harm caused to an employee suffering from OD or WRD. Hygienic recommendations to employers on OR management, prevention priorities, the role of personal protection equipment, the basics of corporate health promotion programs, and ethical and economic aspects are described. The calculation methods are provided by the software of the electronic online reference book “Occupational Risk” (URL: http://medtrud.com/) in order to ensure evidence-based decisions of hygienists. In conclusion, a turning point in occupational health is noted: a decrease in the detection of traditional ODs without compensation by the number of OD and WRD from new technologies, materials and risk factors; this problem requires urgent action.
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YANG, WEI. "INDUCED QUASI-ARITHMETIC UNCERTAIN LINGUISTIC AGGREGATION OPERATOR." International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems 21, no. 01 (February 2013): 55–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218488513500049.
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Induced quasi-arithmetic aggregation operators are considered to aggregate uncertain linguistic information by using order inducing variables. We introduce the induced correlative uncertain linguistic aggregation operator with Choquet integral and we also present the induced uncertain linguistic aggregation operator by using the Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence. The special cases of the new proposed operators are investigated. Many existing linguistic aggregation operators are special cases of our new operators and more new uncertain linguistic aggregation operators can be derived from them. Decision making methods based on the new aggregation operators are proposed and architecture material supplier selection problems are presented to illustrate the feasibility and efficiency of the new methods.
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Barton, Erin E., James E. Pustejovsky, Daniel M. Maggin, and Brian Reichow. "Technology-Aided Instruction and Intervention for Students With ASD: A Meta-Analysis Using Novel Methods of Estimating Effect Sizes for Single-Case Research." Remedial and Special Education 38, no. 6 (October 6, 2017): 371–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0741932517729508.
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The adoption of methods and strategies validated through rigorous, experimentally oriented research is a core professional value of special education. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis examining the experimental literature on Technology-Aided Instruction and Intervention (TAII) using research identified as part of the National Autism Professional Development Project. We applied novel between-case effect size methods to the TAII single-case research base. In addition, we used meta-analytic methodologies to examine the methodological quality of the research, calculate average effect sizes to quantify the level of evidence for TAII, and compare effect sizes across single-case and group-based experimental research. Results identified one category of TAII—computer-assisted instruction—as an evidence-based practice across both single-case and group studies. The remaining two categories of TAII—augmentative and alternative communication and virtual reality—were not identified as evidence-based using What Works Clearinghouse summary ratings.
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Dalton, Russell J. "National/European identities and political alignments." European Union Politics 22, no. 2 (February 16, 2021): 340–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1465116521992878.
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Reflecting on the articles in this special issue of European Union Politics, this essay first asks whether EU scholarship has sufficiently conceptualized and measured what it means to identify with the European Project and/or the European Community. The evidence in this special issue indicates that many citizens now have attachments to Europe, albeit in uncertain depth. European attachments also exist in combination with or as an alternative to national identities. European/national identities also now overlap with partisan attachments, potentially forming a new basis of political cleavage. The research in this collection demonstrates a rich portfolio of methods to examine this important topic, and yields new evidence of how geographic identities are related to public opinion on issues such as immigration.
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Yefimovykh, Ilya N. "Subject and limits of examination evidence in the proceedings of the criminal case in the court of first instance." Russian Journal of Legal Studies 6, no. 3 (April 1, 2020): 186–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rjls19098.
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The article analyzes the norms of the criminal procedure law, the opinions of scientists, judicial practice materials related to the examination of evidence in criminal proceedings in the court of first instance, on the basis of which the author proposed definitions of the notions subject of examination evidence and limits of examination evidence they were compared with the concepts of subject of proof and limits of proof. The study used such research methods as logical, system-structural, statistical. As a result of a study of specific court decisions in criminal cases, differences in the understanding of evidence and the examination of evidence were revealed. A distinction has been made between the subject and the object of the study of evidence at the court hearing. The question of determining the subject matter and the limits of the examination of evidence was analyzed, including with regard to the consideration of the criminal case in a special order of judicial decision of the court, with the consent of the accused with the accusation. The rationale for the view that the examination of evidence takes place during the examination of a criminal case under a special court procedure is given, the circumstances that can be established during the court session, namely, the circumstances that may lead to exemption from punishment, as well as the postponement are analyzed. serving the sentence. These circumstances, if any, are mandatory to be established in court proceedings through the examination of evidence. According to the results of the analysis, proposed measures to improve the norms of the criminal procedure law governing the consideration of the criminal case in a special order of the trial. The question of the scope of the examination of evidence was considered in conjunction with the norms of the criminal procedure law, which established the grounds for the return of the criminal case to the prosecutor.
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PS, Vijayakumar, Sahana AU, and Anusha Rajanna. "The Impact of Short-term Integrated Yoga practice on Psychological wellbeing in special educators of individual with special needs." Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences (JAIMS) 5, no. 04 (August 25, 2020): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21760/jaims.5.4.12.
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Background: Special educators face unprecedented work conditions and expectations that affect their psychological wellbeing and professional outcome as well. This study examines the growing evidence that even a short-term Integrated yoga practice enhance psychological wellbeing among special educators by reducing their stress, anxiety and depression levels. Materials and Methods: Special educators were recruited based on inclusion and exclusion criteria (n=20) age ranging between 25-50 years (Mean35±6.3) for a single group interventional pre-post study design: Integrated yoga module (included postures, breathing practices, relaxation and mediation) was given for a period of 8 weeks. The subjects were assessed on day 1 pre and post intervention on day 60 on perceived stress scale (PSS), Beck’s depression inventory (BDI-II) and Beck’s Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Results: After 8 weeks of Integrated yoga practice there was asignificant reduction in anxiety scores (P less than 0.000), depression scores (P less than 0.000) and perceived stress levels (P less than 0.000) respectively compared to baseline by wilcoxon signed rank test. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that even a short-term integrated yoga intervention that can enhance psychological wellbeing of the special educators.
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Rassadina, Alla. "Role of Planning in Modernization Development: Evidence of the Republic of Korea." Moscow University Economics Bulletin 2020, no. 1 (February 27, 2020): 197–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.38050/013001052020110.
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Active application of modern digital technologies is impossible without creating high technological basis for Russia’s economy, capable of effective implementation of such technologies. These processes assume the implementation of radical structural and technological modernization conversions applying different planning methods within the framework of state industrial policy. The most expressed forms of planning have been used by developed and «catching-up» economies primarily during radical modernization reforms. In this context, appealing to overseas planning experience seems to be of great interest. On the basis of foreign experts’ estimates, the author analyses the main directions in planning during the period of accelerated industrial-technological transformation in South Korea in the context of its possible use in Russia’s technological modernization. The experience of planning in South Korea is of special interest because it demonstrates the transformation in planning functions and methods according to the changes in socio-economic situation in the country and modernization goals set by the Government at different stages of development.
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Ogloblin, A., A. Danilov, A. Demyanova, S. Goncharov, S. Belyaeva, and W. Trzaska. "Nuclear States with Abnormal Radii." KnE Energy 3, no. 1 (April 9, 2018): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/ken.v3i1.1716.
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The radius of a nuclear state is one of the most important its characteristics. Presently there were developed some methods exploiting special features of the nuclear reactions leading to short – lived excited states and allowing determination of their radii. Evidence of existing nuclear excited states with enhanced radii (size isomers) was obtained.
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Bajubair, Mohammad A. "Clinical Importance of Evidence Based Therapy for Diabetes Type 2." Saudi Journal of Internal Medicine 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2012): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32790/sjim.2.2.5.
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Objectives: Not all practice guidelines on oral treatment of Type 2 diabetes were consistent with available evidences. Our aim was to explore the necessity of following the new clinical evidences in treatment of diabetes mellitus Type 2 in clinical practice and the availability of randomized controlled trials in literature used.
Methods: Cross-sectional interview survey of 20 physicians in the Internal Medicine Departments in Althawra Teaching Hospital, University of Sana'a, Yemen, to understand the drug used in T2DM in regards to the clinically evidenced trials. The three commonly used literatures were studied for the availability of randomized controlled trials s and the systematic reviews.
Results: Examples of drugs to be considered in special correlation and contradiction were metformin and thiazolidinediones (rosi-, pioglitazone). Fear of lactic acidosis was seen in 45% of physicians. Ischemic Heart disease and failure represent the commonest cause of glitazones avoidance, especially for rosiglitazone (100% vs. 50% for pioglitazone).
Example of drugs used were with no agreements of their benefit are gabapentin (35%) and neurobion (30%) for neuropathy prevention. In the side effect consideration, metformin was still considered dangerous, and B-blockers hesitation in ischemic heart disease prevention.
The main source of information used by physicians was Davidson's Medicine, British national formulary and pharmaceutical marketing leaflets.
Conclusions: Inconsistency between the tested physicians may be improved by better access and implementation of evidence-based therapy and guidelines in T2DM.
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Bajubair, Mohammad A. "Clinical Importance of Evidence Based Therapy for Diabetes Type 2." Saudi Journal of Internal Medicine 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2012): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32790/sjim.2012.2.2.5.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives: Not all practice guidelines on oral treatment of Type 2 diabetes were consistent with available evidences. Our aim was to explore the necessity of following the new clinical evidences in treatment of diabetes mellitus Type 2 in clinical practice and the availability of randomized controlled trials in literature used.
Methods: Cross-sectional interview survey of 20 physicians in the Internal Medicine Departments in Althawra Teaching Hospital, University of Sana'a, Yemen, to understand the drug used in T2DM in regards to the clinically evidenced trials. The three commonly used literatures were studied for the availability of randomized controlled trials s and the systematic reviews.
Results: Examples of drugs to be considered in special correlation and contradiction were metformin and thiazolidinediones (rosi-, pioglitazone). Fear of lactic acidosis was seen in 45% of physicians. Ischemic Heart disease and failure represent the commonest cause of glitazones avoidance, especially for rosiglitazone (100% vs. 50% for pioglitazone).
Example of drugs used were with no agreements of their benefit are gabapentin (35%) and neurobion (30%) for neuropathy prevention. In the side effect consideration, metformin was still considered dangerous, and B-blockers hesitation in ischemic heart disease prevention.
The main source of information used by physicians was Davidson's Medicine, British national formulary and pharmaceutical marketing leaflets.
Conclusions: Inconsistency between the tested physicians may be improved by better access and implementation of evidence-based therapy and guidelines in T2DM.
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Wactlar, H., and N. Saranummi. "Pervasive Healthcare." Methods of Information in Medicine 47, no. 03 (2008): 175–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1625233.
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Summary Objective: Introducing the Special Topic of Methods of Information in Medicine on pervasive healthcare, with selected papers from the Pervasive Healthcare Conference at Tampere, Finland, January 30 to February 1, 2008. Methods: Describing pervasive healthcare as field. Reporting about the content of the selected papers in this Special Topic. Developing and evaluating physiological measurement techniques, assistive care ambient notification and reminding systems, ambulatory monitoring, architectures and platforms for personalized home-health tele-monitoring, means of privacyprotecting health-sensitive information, and estab - lishing a clinical proof-of-concept methodology. Results and Conclusions: Pervasive healthcare is an emerging field with considerable technological breadth and expected strong impact for the quality and efficiency of healthcare in an aging society. However, this field is still a nascent one, with a good deal of exploratory research. There is also hypothesis-based and empirical research, which tests the assumptions or feasibility of a solution using clinical evidence, but most such trials at this time are preliminary and small. The emergence of a truly evidence-based outcomes assessment will take some time, but is in the making.
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Muir, Jack B., and Victor C. Tsai. "Did Oldham Discover the Core After All? Handling Imprecise Historical Data with Hierarchical Bayesian Model Selection Methods." Seismological Research Letters 91, no. 3 (January 15, 2020): 1377–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220190266.
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Abstract Historical seismic data are essential to fill in the gaps in geophysical knowledge caused by the low rate of significant seismic events. Handling historical data in the context of geophysical inverse problems requires special care, due to the large errors in the data collection process. Using Oldham’s data for the discovery of Earth’s core as a case study, we illustrate how a hierarchical Bayesian model selection methodology using leave-one-out cross validation can robustly and efficiently answer quantitative questions using even poor-quality geophysical data. We find that there is statistically significant evidence for the existence of the core using only the P-wave data that Oldham effectively discarded in his discussion.
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Merkel-Walsh, Robyn. "Orofacial myofunctional therapy with children ages 0-4 and individuals with special needs." International Journal of Orofacial Myology and Myofunctional Therapy 46, no. 1 (November 1, 2020): 22–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.52010/ijom.2020.46.1.3.
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Purpose: The purposes of this paper are to 1) define variations in terminology and treatment methodology for orofacial myofunctional disorders (OMDs) in children 0-4 years of age and in special populations, and 2) compare and contrast service delivery models for children ages 0-4 and individuals with special needs versus older children and children who are neurotypical. Method: A literature review of scholarly articles, professional presentations, poster presentations, blogs, and social media were analyzed using three tiers of evidence-based practice to include: 1) clinical expertise/expert opinion; 2) external and internal evidence and 3) client/patient/caregiver perspectives. Results: Professional texts and publications used consistent language when discussing treatment of OMDs in young children and children with special needs. Terminology and treatment approaches for young children and/or children with special needs who present with OMDs were inconsistent in social media and professional presentations. Discussion: The treatment modalities used in orofacial myofunctional therapy to stimulate oral motor responses depend upon age and cognitive status. OMDs should certainly be treated in infants, young children and individuals with special needs according to the methods of the pediatric feeding specialist. Orofacial myofunctional therapy requires volitional control and self-monitoring; as such, it is contraindicated for infants and toddlers as well as those individuals who cannot actively engage in therapeutic techniques.
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Shinkaretskaya, Galina Georgievna. "The concept of evidence in the international judicial process." Международное право, no. 2 (February 2020): 70–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2644-5514.2020.2.32629.
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This article discusses evidence in the judicial process as the information serving as grounds for court’s decision. In the international judicial process, which mostly of challenge character, significant role belongs to the sides, and the sides present the courts with information that substantiates each of their positions. The court, being an independent body, evaluates and selects information that it considers necessary to hear the case. It is advanced that the theory of international justice still lacks established and generally accepted procedure for selection of information. Such rules are formed in the judicial process and admissibility of these rules by the states or other subjects of international law. This work highlights the importance of determining comparable approaches towards the process of evidence in various international judicial bodies. Special attention is given to the issues of distribution of the burden of proof, methods, forms and standards of evidence applicable in the international judicial process.
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Das, Debashree. "GST Pass-through Across Indian Sates: Evidence from Difference-in-Differences." Indian Economic Journal 66, no. 1-2 (March 2018): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019466219838427.
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This article analyses whether there exists any short-term inflationary pressure on Indian economy post Goods and Services Tax (GST) implementation. It was found that the introduction of GST showed no significant effect on the rate of change of consumer price index (CPI). Though, the effect of the GST implementation on consumer prices in India showed no significant change in the short term, the impact needs to monitored and observed for the long term, because the current state of economic conditions may have led to a delayed pass-through of the GST increase into consumer prices. To estimate the pass-through effect on prices due to GST implementation from 1 July 2017, various graphical and statistical methods are used to ascertain whether there has been any significant pass-through of GST on CPI– ordinary least squares (OLS) regression, and difference-in differences (DID) estimation technique has been used. The impact of post- and pre-implementation of GST has been analysed through DID by segregating the data set on the basis of treatment and control groups. The non-special category states have been taken as the treatment group and remaining special category states as control group. The results indicate that there is no significant evidence of upward bias in the CPI post GST implementation; these conventional estimates hold true for all states that were segmented based on revenue distribution and contribution to gross domestic product (GDP). JEL: D78, H20, H22