Journal articles: 'SPDS'

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Fachin, Paulo Angelo, and Edivaldo Lopes Thomaz. "A ESCARIFICAÇÃO DO SOLO EM SISTEMA DE PLANTIO DIRETO AFETA A ESTABILIDADE DE AGREGADOS E O TEOR DE MATÉRIA ORGÂNICA EM LATOSSOLO VERMELHO." Caminhos de Geografia 21, no. 77 (October 1, 2020): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/rcg217748579.

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A escarificação do solo em Sistema de Plantio Direto (SPD) é uma alternativa para rompimento de camadas compactadas que impedem o desenvolvimento radicular das plantas, a aeração e a circulação de água no solo no decorrer dos anos de manejo. A escarificação acarreta impactos na qualidade do solo, podendo a longo prazo causar efeitos negativos, como redução do estoque de carbono, e/ou positivos, como aumento da infiltração de água. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da escarificação na estabilidade dos agregados e nos teores de matéria orgânica do solo em diferentes anos de manejo pós escarificação. Para isto se utilizou de uma área experimental na mesma encosta com latossolo vermelho em diferentes tratamentos: floresta nativa; SPDs (sem escarificação); SPD1 (1 ano pós escarificação); SPD3 (3 anos pós escarificação) e SPD4 (4 anos pós escarificação). Os resultados mostraram que o índice de estabilidade de agregados aumentou nos anos posteriores a escarificação e os teores de matéria orgânica reduziram, que sugerem efeitos extrínsecos no aumento da estabilidade de agregados.

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Meng, Xia, and Yong Bao Chu. "Enhancement of Chloramphenicol Sonochemical Degradation by Sodium Peroxydisulfate." Advanced Materials Research 763 (September 2013): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.763.33.

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Sonochemical degradation of the antibiotics chloramphenicol in aqueous solution with sodium peroxydisulfate sulphate (SPDS) enhancement was investigated. The preliminary studies of optimal degradation methodology were conducted with sole SPDS, cobalt activated SPDS (SPDS/Co2+), ultrasonication with SPDS (SPDS/US) and ultrasonication with cobalt activated SPDS (SPDS/Co2+/US). The effect of the initial pH values of the aqueous solution on the sonochemical degradation rate of chloramphenicol was also investigated. The results showed that the sonolysis of chloramphenicol can be accelerated remarkably by adding SPDS and the efficient treatment method for treating the chloramphenicol wastewater was ultrasound coupled cobalt activated SPDS. The ultrasonic degradation rate constants in acidic water are higher than those obtained in neutral or basic aqueous solutions.

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Rossetti, Karina de V., and José F. Centurion. "Estoque de carbono e atributos físicos de um Latossolo em cronossequência sob diferentes manejos." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 19, no. 3 (March 2015): 252–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v19n3p252-258.

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Propôs, neste trabalho, determinar o efeito do sistema plantio direto (SPD) sob diferentes anos de implantação e do preparo convencional (SPC) cultivados por dois anos agrícolas, com soja e milho, sobre os estoques de carbono e atributos físicos de um Latossolo Vermelho em comparação com a mata nativa. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, em parcelas subdivididas (cinco tratamentos e três camadas), com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos em 2008/09 foram: SPD com 5 (SPD5), SPD com 7 (SPD7), SPD com 9 (SPD9) anos de implantação, SPC e uma área de mata nativa (MN). Os tratamentos se estenderam para o ano de 2009/10, assim identificados: SPD6, SPD8, SPD10 e SPC e MN; as camadas de solo estudadas foram: 0-10, 10-20 e 20-30 cm. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a maioria dos tratamentos manteve o teor do estoque de carbono (EC) durante a transição da camada superficial para a subsuperficial. O maior EC foi mais pronunciado na camada superficial na qual os SPD9 e SPD10 foram os mais relevantes em comparação com os demais sistemas conservacionistas.

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Yang, Tao, Shuailei Liu, Shengyuan Xiong, Yang Liu, Bo Liu, and Binbin Li. "Simulation Analysis of the Small Wild Goose Pagoda Structure Using a Shape Memory Alloy-Suspension Pendulum Damping System (SMA-SPDS)." Buildings 12, no. 5 (May 20, 2022): 686. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12050686.

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To reduce the effects of earthquakes on the ancient Small Wild Goose Pagoda, a shape memory alloy-suspension pendulum damping system (SMA-SPDS) is developed by combining superelastic SMAs with damping pendulum theory. A MATLAB/Simulink simulation model of the SMA-SPDS is established and tested on a 1:10 scale model of the Pagoda. After verifying and comparing the simulation data with experimental results, a shock absorption analysis is performed on the prototype Pagoda. The optimum engineering design for the prototype structure of the Small Wild Goose Pagoda using SMA-SPDS for shock absorption protection in the future is put forward. The results show that the performance of the SMA-SPDS system is stable, and it can improve the integrity of the original structure of the Pagoda for better performance during earthquakes. In addition, with an increment in seismic intensity, the SMA-SPDS shows an apparent controlling effect. The Simulink simulation results of the model structure of the Small Wild Goose Pagoda are in good agreement with the test results. The Simulink simulation method can simulate the seismic response of the model structure of the Small Wild Goose Pagoda well, with and without SMA-SPDS, to obtain a more real damping effect of setting SMA-SPDS on the prototype structure; The engineering optimization of the location, quantity, and system performance parameters of SMA-SPDS in the prototype structure of the Small Wild Goose Pagoda has a remarkable effect, which can make the damping effect of SMA-SPDS reach more than 43% floor.

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Astakhov, V. P., and M. O. M. Osman. "On the Improvement of Tool Life in Self-Piloting Drilling with External Chip Removal." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 210, no. 3 (June 1996): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1996_210_113_02.

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This paper presents both the design and the method of grinding of self-piloting drills (SPDs) with external chip removal. The main advantage of the proposed SPDs over the standard SPDs is brought out using a comprehensive analysis of the SPD auxiliary flank design. The concept of increasing the cutting fluid pressure in the limited space between the tool flanks and the bottom of the hole being drilled by increasing the hydraulic resistance of the channel connecting this space and the chip removal passage is proposed. For the realization of the concept, the mathematical model for the auxiliary flank has been derived on the basis of the obtained condition for a free tool penetration into the workpiece. Using this model, the detailed grinding procedure for the proposed SPDs is explained. The two-stage experimental comparison of the standard and proposed SPDs shows that a significant improvement of tool life is achieved by using the proposed SPDs.

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Passarello, Noemi, Vincenza Tarantino, Andrea Chirico, Deny Menghini, Floriana Costanzo, Pierpaolo Sorrentino, Elisa Fucà, et al. "Sensory Processing Disorders in Children and Adolescents: Taking Stock of Assessment and Novel Therapeutic Tools." Brain Sciences 12, no. 11 (October 31, 2022): 1478. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12111478.

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Sensory processing disorders (SPDs) can be described as difficulty detecting, modulating, interpreting, and/or responding to sensory experiences. Because SPDs occur in many individuals with autism spectrum disorder and in other populations with neurodevelopmental disorders, it is important to distinguish between typical and atypical functioning in sensory processes and to identify early phenotypic markers for developing SPDs. This review considers different methods for diagnosing SPDs to outline a multidisciplinary approach useful for developing valid diagnostic measures. In particular, the advantages and limitations of the most commonly used tools in assessment of SPDs, such as caregiver reports, clinical observation, and psychophysical and neuroimaging studies, will be reviewed. Innovative treatment methods such as neuromodulation techniques and virtual reality will also be suggested.

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Pfenning, Andreas, Sebastian Krüger, Fauzia Jabeen, Lukas Worschech, Fabian Hartmann, and Sven Höfling. "Single-Photon Counting with Semiconductor Resonant Tunneling Devices." Nanomaterials 12, no. 14 (July 9, 2022): 2358. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12142358.

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Optical quantum information science and technologies require the capability to generate, control, and detect single or multiple quanta of light. The need to detect individual photons has motivated the development of a variety of novel and refined single-photon detectors (SPDs) with enhanced detector performance. Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) and single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) are the top-performer in this field, but alternative promising and innovative devices are emerging. In this review article, we discuss the current state-of-the-art of one such alternative device capable of single-photon counting: the resonant tunneling diode (RTD) single-photon detector. Due to their peculiar photodetection mechanism and current-voltage characteristic with a region of negative differential conductance, RTD single-photon detectors provide, theoretically, several advantages over conventional SPDs, such as an inherently deadtime-free photon-number resolution at elevated temperatures, while offering low dark counts, a low timing jitter, and multiple photon detection modes. This review article brings together our previous studies and current experimental results. We focus on the current limitations of RTD-SPDs and provide detailed design and parameter variations to be potentially employed in next-generation RTD-SPD to improve the figure of merits of these alternative single-photon counting devices. The single-photon detection capability of RTDs without quantum dots is shown.

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Guédez, Gabriela, Apiradee Pothipongsa, Saija Sirén, Arto Liljeblad, Saowarath Jantaro, Aran Incharoensakdi, and Tiina A. Salminen. "Crystal structure of dimeric Synechococcus spermidine synthase with bound polyamine substrate and product." Biochemical Journal 476, no. 6 (March 29, 2019): 1009–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bcj20180811.

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AbstractSpermidine is a ubiquitous polyamine synthesized by spermidine synthase (SPDS) from the substrates, putrescine and decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine (dcAdoMet). SPDS is generally active as homodimer, but higher oligomerization states have been reported in SPDS from thermophiles, which are less specific to putrescine as the aminoacceptor substrate. Several crystal structures of SPDS have been solved with and without bound substrates and/or products as well as inhibitors. Here, we determined the crystal structure of SPDS from the cyanobacterium Synechococcus (SySPDS) that is a homodimer, which we also observed in solution. Unlike crystal structures reported for bacterial and eukaryotic SPDS with bound ligands, SySPDS structure has not only bound putrescine substrate taken from the expression host, but also spermidine product most probably as a result of an enzymatic reaction. Hence, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first structure reported with both amino ligands in the same structure. Interestingly, the gate-keeping loop is disordered in the putrescine-bound monomer while it is stabilized in the spermidine-bound monomer of the SySPDS dimer. This confirms the gate-keeping loop as the key structural element that prepares the active site upon binding of dcAdoMet for the catalytic reaction of the amine donor and putrescine.

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Destro, Deonisio, Henrique Stoco Bizeti, Leandro Anderlin Garcia, Inês Cristina de Batista Fonseca, Ricardo Montalván, and Édison Miglioranza. "Comparison between the SPD and the SPDS methods for segregating generation advancement in soybean." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 46, no. 4 (December 2003): 545–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132003000400008.

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The purpose of this work was to compare the SPD (Single Pod Descent) and SPDS (Single Pod Descent with Selection) methods for segregating generation advancement in soybean breeding. Sixteen populations derived from crosses among Japanese and adapted Brazilian soybean were used. The traits, number of days to flowering (NDF) and to maturity (NDM), plant height at flowering (PHF) and at maturity (PHM), and individual plant yield (IPY) were assessed. The populations obtained by SPDS showed values close to the variation in the populations obtained by SPD. Regression through the origin showed that both methods were equivalent for NDM in the F3 generation and for NDF in the F4 generation. For all other trait/generation combinations, SPDS yielded superior means. Therefore, it was preferable to use SPDS because it allowed the advance of generations with smaller population size.

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Morales, Tahj S., Erik C. Avis, Elise K. Paskowski, Hamza Shabar, Shannon L. Nowotarski, and Justin R. DiAngelo. "The Role of Spermidine Synthase (SpdS) and Spermine Synthase (Sms) in Regulating Triglyceride Storage in Drosophila." Medical Sciences 9, no. 2 (May 2, 2021): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medsci9020027.

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Polyamines are small organic cations that are important for several biological processes such as cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis. The dysregulation of intracellular polyamines is often associated with diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and developmental disorders. Although polyamine metabolism has been well studied, the effects of key enzymes in the polyamine pathway on lipid metabolism are not well understood. Here, we determined metabolic effects resulting from the absence of spermidine synthase (SpdS) and spermine synthase (Sms) in Drosophila. While SpdS mutants developed normally and accumulated triglycerides, Sms mutants had reduced viability and stored less triglyceride than the controls. Interestingly, when decreasing SpdS and Sms, specifically in the fat body, triglyceride storage increased. While there was no difference in triglycerides stored in heads, thoraxes and abdomen fat bodies, abdomen fat body DNA content increased, and protein/DNA decreased in both SpdS- and Sms-RNAi flies, suggesting that fat body-specific knockdown of SpdS and Sms causes the production of smaller fat body cells and triglycerides to accumulate in non-fat body tissues of the abdomen. Together, these data provide support for the role that polyamines play in the regulation of metabolism and can help enhance our understanding of polyamine function in metabolic diseases.

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Santana, Felipe L., Eduardo Rostaiser, Eran Sherzer, Carlos Ugrinowitsch, Junior Barrera, and Leonardo Lamas. "Space protection dynamics in basketball: Validation and application to the evaluation of offense-defense patterns." Motriz: Revista de Educação Física 21, no. 1 (March 2015): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-65742015000100005.

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The aims of this study were twofold: i) to validate classes of defensive actions (i.e., space protection dynamics - SPDs) for containing offense in basketball; and ii) to propose a novel approach to analyze matches based on the interaction of a space creation dynamic (SCD) and a respective SPD. Kappa statistics revealed high intra- and inter-raters values, supporting the reliability of the defined SPDs. Six matches of the Spanish professional basketball finals were analyzed to achieve the second purpose of the present study. The SCD-SPD couples of actions were analyzed regarding their frequency of occurrence and variety until a scoring attempt. Teams' utilization of sequences of SCDs and SPDs was similar and short in length. Additionally, combining a second action with the first seemed to positively impact on offense success. The analysis of SCDs-SPDs interactions comprehend an innovative approach to the tactical evaluation of matches and may be helpful to interpret teams playing patterns.

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Rahman, Khalil Ur, Songhao Shang, and Muhammad Zohaib. "Assessment of Merged Satellite Precipitation Datasets in Monitoring Meteorological Drought over Pakistan." Remote Sensing 13, no. 9 (April 24, 2021): 1662. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13091662.

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The current study evaluates the potential of merged satellite precipitation datasets (MSPDs) against rain gauges (RGs) and satellite precipitation datasets (SPDs) in monitoring meteorological drought over Pakistan during 2000–2015. MSPDs evaluated in the current study include Regional Weighted Average Least Square (RWALS), Weighted Average Least Square (WALS), Dynamic Clustered Bayesian model Averaging (DCBA), and Dynamic Bayesian Model Averaging (DBMA) algorithms, while the set of SPDs is Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM)-based Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrievals for GPM (IMERG-V06), Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) Multi-Satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA 3B42 V7), Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks (PERSIANN), and ERA-Interim (re-analyses dataset). Several standardized precipitation indices (SPIs), including SPI-1, SPI-3, and SPI-12, are used to evaluate the performances of RGs, SPDs, and MSPDs across Pakistan as well as on a regional scale. The Mann–Kendall (MK) test is used to assess the trend of meteorological drought across different climate regions of Pakistan using these SPI indices. Results revealed higher performance of MSPDs than SPDs when compared against RGs for SPI estimates. The seasonal evaluation of SPIs from RGs, MSPDs, and SPDs in a representative drought year (2008) revealed mildly to moderate wetness in monsoon season while mild to moderate drought in winter season across Pakistan. However, the drought severity ranges from mild to severe drought in different years across different climate regions. MAPD (mean absolute percentage difference) shows high accuracy (MAPD <10%) for RWALS-MSPD, good accuracy (10% < MAPD <20%) for WALS-MSPD and DCBA-MSPD, while good to reasonable accuracy (20% < MAPD < 50%) for DCBA in different climate regions. Furthermore, MSPDs show a consistent drought trend as compared with RGs, while SPDs show poor performance. Overall, this study demonstrated significantly improved performance of MSPDs in monitoring the meteorological drought.

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Vajda, Istvan. "A Novel Approach to Large Scale Applications of Superconductivity: The Concept of an All Superconducting Mini Power Plant." International Journal of Modern Physics B 17, no. 18n20 (August 10, 2003): 3717–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979203021770.

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The widespread use of energy-efficient, environmental-friendly and secure local power stations, or mini power plants (MPPs) has become a world-wide trend. Disperse power generation has been developed against centralized generation in central power stations/plants with a particular view on the utilization of renewable energy sources. Exceeding the stage of the development of individual superconducting power devices (SPDs), more and more concern is being focused around all superconducting (AS) integrated systems (ASIS) consisting of a set of individual SPDs being integrated into one system with a common cryogenic environment. Such a system possesses with substantial additional benefits compared to and exceeding those of the individual SPDs. The concept of AS MPP model of the order of 10 kW developed by the author's team is presented in this paper.

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Zhao, Yang, Xi Wang, Qibin Zhou, Zhenxing Wang, and Xiaoyan Bian. "Numerical Study of Lightning Protection of Wind Turbine Blade with De-Icing Electrical Heating System." Energies 13, no. 3 (February 5, 2020): 691. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13030691.

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In order to solve the problem of icing on the surface of wind turbine blade, a heating system that includes a carbon fiber net (CFN) and power cables is proposed recently. When lightning strikes at the blade with a de-icing heating system, the blade and its heating system are more easily damaged due to the overvoltage between the lightning protection system (LPS) of the blade and the heating system. In this paper, the models of a wind turbine blade with the de-icing heating system are established by Alternative Transients Program/Electromagnetic Transients Program (ATP–EMTP) and the accuracy of models is verified through an experiment. With these models, the influence of lightning current, surge protective devices (SPDs) and earthing resistance of wind turbine are analyzed by calculating the voltage between the down-conductor of the LPS and the heating system. The results show that the voltage is positively correlated with lightning current amplitude and negatively correlated with the front time of lightning current. SPDs are quite useful to reduce the voltage, and an optimal installation scheme of SPDs is obtained by simulation. It is noted that voltage decreases slightly with the increasing earthing resistance with the optimal installation scheme of SPDs.

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Brecht, Patrick, Jörn Faßbinder, Daniel Hendriks, Anja Stroebele, and Carsten H. Hahn. "Rapid Platform Exploration – A Sprint to Discover and Design Digital Platform Business Models." Athens Journal of Business & Economics 9, no. 1 (December 28, 2022): 27–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajbe.9-1-2.

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In recent years, the significance of digital platform business models has been increasing. This growth creates an increasing demand for tools that companies and startups can apply to find and develop sustainable platform business models. Today, various platform design tools are available to help companies and startups in the platform development. Previous research by Brecht et al. (2021) on the validation of platform business models has provided methods requiring, amongst others, a discovered and verified business model. However, there is a lack of research in establishing guidelines on how to reach this verified state. By applying the Google Sprint, a popular method to quickly generate insights into a variety of problems and enriching it with platform design tools, this research creates the Smart Platform Design Sprint (SPDS). The SPDS provides a solution to discover and obtain a verified business model. Its novelty lies in incurring the speed of the Google Sprint and incorporating the expertise of platform design tools. Through a series of expert interviews, the SPDS is improved, and its necessity verified. In future research, the SPDS awaits application in a practical setting showing its feasibility. Keywords: platform design tools, business model, exploration, google sprint, smart platform experiment cycle

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Menaceur, Amour, and Salah Boulaaras. "A number of limit cycle of sextic polynomial differential systems via the averaging theory." Boletim da Sociedade Paranaense de Matemática 39, no. 4 (January 1, 2021): 181–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5269/bspm.41922.

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The main purpose of this paper is to study the number of limit cycles of sextic polynomial differential systems (SPDS) via the averaging theory which is an extension to the study of cubic polynomial vector fields in (Nonlinear Analysis 66 (2007), 1707--1721), where we provide an accurate upper bound of the maximum number of limit cycles that SPDS can have bifurcating from the period annulus surrounding the origin of a class of cubic system.

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Poh, Wesley Qi Tong, Muhammad Ramadan Bin Mohamad Saifuddin, and Ramasamy Thaiyal Naayagi. "A Novel Self-Powered Dynamic System Using a Quasi-Z-Source Inverter-Based Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvester." Electronics 9, no. 2 (February 5, 2020): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9020265.

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The use of quasi-Z-source inverters (qZSIs) for DC-DC power conversion applications has gained much recognition when dealing with grid-tied renewable energy resource integrations. This paper proposes a novel self-powered dynamic system (SPDS) involving a piezoelectric vibration energy harvester (PVEH) using qZSI to establish interoperability with a DC load rated at 16.15 mW. Based on uncertain output performances from a piezoelectric cantilever beam (CB), the qZSI-based PVEH serves as a dynamic voltage restoration unit that establishes load-following synchronisation. It uses a proportional-integral based boost controller (PI-based BC) to generate strategic ordering of shoot-through voltage amplification into pulse-width modulation (PWM) gating sequences. The SPDS was modelled using two software based on commercially available product specifications: (i) COMSOL Multiphysics to mechanically design and optimise a CB. (ii) PSCAD/EMTDC to electronically design and integrate the qZSI with the optimised CB, while functioning as a testbed to model the SPDS against arbitrary wind speed and structural vibration frequency data collected from an above-ground mass rapid transit (MRT) train station in Khatib, Singapore. The acquired simulation results have depicted desirable transient responses at respective sub-systems, procuring fast settling-time responses, negligible steady-state error, as well as high efficiencies of 94.07% and 91.64% for the CB and SPDS respectively.

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Kamińska, B., K. Majewska, A. Skwierawska, and K. Kozłowska-Tylingo. "Degradation kinetics and mechanism of pentoxifylline by ultraviolet activated peroxydisulfate." RSC Advances 8, no. 42 (2018): 23648–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra02631a.

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Li, Tao, Sheliang Wang, and Tao Yang. "Experiment and Simulation Study on Vibration Control of an Ancient Pagoda with Damping Devices." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 18, no. 10 (October 2018): 1850120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455418501201.

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In order to choose an effective method for improving the seismic performance of an ancient pagoda called the Small Wild Goose Pagoda, 12 damping devices of varying properties are developed. They are made of shape memory alloy-suspension pendulum damping systems (SMA-SPDSs) based on the restoring force of the SMA wires. By means of the shaking table test, the frequency, equivalent damping and equivalent damping force of the SMA-SPDS are analyzed first to acquire their respective trend of influence. Then, four shock absorption plans (one without SMA-SPDS) are analyzed numerically, and the frequency, displacement and acceleration amplitude, inter-story displacement angle and inter-story shear force calculated are compared with those of the experiment. The results show that the shock absorption rate of Plan 3 is better than all the others, and the simulation results are in agreement with the corresponding experimental results, which also prove that the simulation presented in this paper is feasible, which can be used to verify the rationality and applicability of the device (SMA-SPDS). Therefore, it provides a theoretical means for conducting the strengthening and repairing work of the pagoda concerned.

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Huang, Shengyun, Qingzhe Zhang, Fan Yang, Deepak Thrithamarassery Gangadharan, Pandeng Li, Fuqiang Ren, Baoquan Sun, and Dongling Ma. "A facile way for scalable fabrication of silver nanowire network electrodes for high-performance and foldable smart windows." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, no. 17 (2020): 8620–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ta14030a.

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Ren, Fuqiang, Shengyun Huang, Fan Yang, Aycan Yurtsever, and Dongling Ma. "Diameter dependent transparency changes of nanorod-based large-area flexible smart window devices." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, no. 47 (2018): 24157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta08716d.

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Wofford, Joseph Rufus, and Ryan G. Carlson. "A Literature Review and Case Study on the Strengths and Struggles of Typically Developing Siblings of Persons With Disabilities." Family Journal 25, no. 4 (September 21, 2017): 398–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1066480717732167.

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Many counselors may recognize the importance of providing treatment to a person with a disability and that person’s primary caregiver due to the strain placed on the family. However, counselors may be less aware of issues concerning nondisabled sibling(s) in such families. Siblings of persons with disabilities (SPDs) may be forgotten in the counseling process, despite the increased stressors they experience. Therefore, in this article, we (a) provide a review of the literature on typically developing SPDs, (b) highlight the positive effects of having a sibling with a disability, and (c) describe a clear approach for counseling with this population and provide a case illustration.

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Sprenger, Janina, Bo Svensson, Jenny Hålander, Jannette Carey, Lo Persson, and Salam Al-Karadaghi. "Three-dimensional structures ofPlasmodium falciparumspermidine synthase with bound inhibitors suggest new strategies for drug design." Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography 71, no. 3 (February 26, 2015): 484–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1399004714027011.

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The enzymes of the polyamine-biosynthesis pathway have been proposed to be promising drug targets in the treatment of malaria. Spermidine synthase (SpdS; putrescine aminopropyltransferase) catalyzes the transfer of the aminopropyl moiety from decarboxylatedS-adenosylmethionine to putrescine, leading to the formation of spermidine and 5′-methylthioadenosine (MTA). In this work, X-ray crystallography was used to examine ligand complexes of SpdS from the malaria parasitePlasmodium falciparum(PfSpdS). Five crystal structures were determined ofPfSpdS in complex with MTA and the substrate putrescine, with MTA and spermidine, which was obtained as a result of the enzymatic reaction taking place within the crystals, with dcAdoMet and the inhibitor 4-methylaniline, with MTA and 4-aminomethylaniline, and with a compound predicted in earlierin silicoscreening to bind to the active site of the enzyme, benzimidazol-(2-yl)pentan-1-amine (BIPA). In contrast to the other inhibitors tested, the complex with BIPA was obtained without any ligand bound to the dcAdoMet-binding site of the enzyme. The complexes with the aniline compounds and BIPA revealed a new mode of ligand binding toPfSpdS. The observed binding mode of the ligands, and the interplay between the two substrate-binding sites and the flexible gatekeeper loop, can be used in the design of new approaches in the search for new inhibitors of SpdS.

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Wang, Ruidan, Xin Lu, Qiang Sun, Jinhong Gao, Lin Ma, and Jinian Huang. "Novel ACE Inhibitory Peptides Derived from Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion in Vitro of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Protein and Molecular Docking Study." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 3 (February 5, 2020): 1059. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21031059.

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The aim of this study was to isolate and identify angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides from sesame protein through simulated gastrointestinal digestion in vitro, and to explore the underlying mechanisms by molecular docking. The sesame protein was enzymatically hydrolyzed by pepsin, trypsin, and α-chymotrypsin. The degree of hydrolysis (DH) and peptide yield increased with the increase of digest time. Moreover, ACE inhibitory activity was enhanced after digestion. The sesame protein digestive solution (SPDS) was purified by ultrafiltration through different molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) membranes and SPDS-VII (< 3 kDa) had the strongest ACE inhibition. SPDS-VII was further purified by NGC Quest™ 10 Plus Chromatography System and finally 11 peptides were identified by Nano UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS (nano ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry) from peak 4. The peptide GHIITVAR from 11S globulin displayed the strongest ACE inhibitory activity (IC50 = 3.60 ± 0.10 μM). Furthermore, the docking analysis revealed that the ACE inhibition of GHIITVAR was mainly attributed to forming very strong hydrogen bonds with the active sites of ACE. These results identify sesame protein as a rich source of ACE inhibitory peptides and further indicate that GHIITVAR has the potential for development of new functional foods.

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Qiu, Zhengkun, Shuangshuang Yan, Bin Xia, Jing Jiang, Bingwei Yu, Jianjun Lei, Changming Chen, et al. "The eggplant transcription factor MYB44 enhances resistance to bacterial wilt by activating the expression of spermidine synthase." Journal of Experimental Botany 70, no. 19 (October 1, 2019): 5343–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erz259.

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You, Yuan, Fa-Lin Lu, Dong-Sheng Sun, Chang-Yuan Chen, and Shi-Hai Dong. "The Visualization of the Space Probability Distribution for a Particle Moving in a Double Ring-Shaped Coulomb Potential." Advances in High Energy Physics 2018 (2018): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8307486.

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The analytical solutions to a double ring-shaped Coulomb potential (RSCP) are presented. The visualizations of the space probability distribution (SPD) are illustrated for the two- (contour) and three-dimensional (isosurface) cases. The quantum numbers (n,l,m) are mainly relevant for those quasi-quantum numbers (n′,l′,m′) via the double RSCP parameter c. The SPDs are of circular ring shape in spherical coordinates. The properties for the relative probability values (RPVs) P are also discussed. For example, when we consider the special case (n,l,m)=(6,5,0), the SPD moves towards two poles of z-axis when P increases. Finally, we discuss the different cases for the potential parameter b, which is taken as negative and positive values for c>0. Compared with the particular case b=0, the SPDs are shrunk for b=-0.5, while they are spread out for b=0.5.

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Bird, Darcy, Jacob Freeman, Erick Robinson, Gideon Maughan, Judson Byrd Finley, Patricia M. Lambert, and Robert L. Kelly. "A first empirical analysis of population stability in North America using radiocarbon records." Holocene 30, no. 9 (May 19, 2020): 1345–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683620919975.

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Questions regarding population stability among animals and plants are fundamental to population ecology, yet this has not been a topic studied by archeologists focusing on prehistoric human populations. This is an important knowledge gap. The fluctuation of human populations over decades to centuries – population instability – may constrain the expansion of human economies. A first step toward describing basic patterns of population stability would be to identify sizes of fluctuations through time, since smaller fluctuations are more stable than larger fluctuations. We conduct a biogeographic analysis of the long-term stability of human societies in North America using a continental scale radiocarbon dataset. Our analysis compares the stability of summed calibrated radiocarbon date probability distributions (SPDs) with subsistence strategies and modeled climate stability between 6000 and 300 BP. This coarse-grained analysis reveals general trends regarding the stability of human systems in North America that future studies may build upon. Our results demonstrate that agricultural sequences have more stable SPDs than hunter-gatherer sequences in general, but agricultural sequences also experience rare, extreme increases and decreases in SPDs not seen among hunter-gatherers. We propose that the adoption of agriculture has the unintended consequence of increasing population density and stability over most time scales, but also increases the vulnerability of populations to large, rare changes. Conversely, hunter-gatherer systems remain flexible and less vulnerable to large population changes. Climate stability may have an indirect effect on long-term population stability, and climate shocks may be buffered by other aspects of subsistence strategies prior to affecting human demography.

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WIATER, Jaroslaw. "Energy Coordination of SPDs Used in Measurement Circuit Protection." AUTOMATYKA, ELEKTRYKA, ZAKLOCENIA 10, no. 1(35)2019 (March 31, 2019): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17274/aez.2019.35.02.

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Chen Li, Jinliang He, Zhanqing Yu, Zhiyong Yuan, Shunchao Wang, Jun Hu, Rong Zeng, and Shuiming Chen. "Effective Protection Distances of SPDs for Household Electrical Appliances." IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility 53, no. 3 (August 2011): 690–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/temc.2011.2112368.

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Selden, Robert Z. "Modeling Regional Radiocarbon Trends: A Case Study from the East Texas Woodland Period." Radiocarbon 54, no. 2 (2012): 239–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/azu_js_rc.v54i2.15972.

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The East Texas Radiocarbon Database contributes to an analysis of tempo and place for Woodland era (∼500 BC–AD 800) archaeological sites within the region. The temporal and spatial distributions of calibrated 14C ages (n = 127) with a standard deviation (ΔT) of 61 from archaeological sites with Woodland components (n = 51) are useful in exploring the development and geographical continuity of the peoples in cast Texas, and lead to a refinement of our current chronological understanding of the period. While analysis of summed probability distributions (SPDs) produces less than significant findings due to sample size, they are used here to illustrate the method of date combination prior to the production of site- and period-specific SPDs. Through the incorporation of this method, the number of 14C dates is reduced to 85 with a ΔT of 54. The resultant data set is then subjected to statistical analyses that conclude with the separation of the east Texas Woodland period into the Early Woodland (∼500 BC–AD 0), Middle Woodland (∼AD 0–400), and Late Woodland (∼AD 400–800) periods.

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Selden, Robert Z. "Modeling Regional Radiocarbon Trends: A Case Study from the East Texas Woodland Period." Radiocarbon 54, no. 02 (2012): 239–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200046956.

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The East Texas Radiocarbon Database contributes to an analysis of tempo and place for Woodland era (∼500 BC–AD 800) archaeological sites within the region. The temporal and spatial distributions of calibrated14C ages (n= 127) with a standard deviation (ΔT) of 61 from archaeological sites with Woodland components (n= 51) are useful in exploring the development and geographical continuity of the peoples in cast Texas, and lead to a refinement of our current chronological understanding of the period. While analysis of summed probability distributions (SPDs) produces less than significant findings due to sample size, they are used here to illustrate the method of date combination prior to the production of site- and period-specific SPDs. Through the incorporation of this method, the number of14C dates is reduced to 85 with a ΔTof 54. The resultant data set is then subjected to statistical analyses that conclude with the separation of the east Texas Woodland period into the Early Woodland (∼500 BC–AD 0), Middle Woodland (∼AD 0–400), and Late Woodland (∼AD 400–800) periods.

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He, Ziyu, and Y. Du. "Influence of different factors on coordination of two cascaded SPDs." Electric Power Systems Research 139 (October 2016): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2015.11.029.

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Yu, F. "Oligonucleotide hybridization studied by a surface plasmon diffraction sensor (SPDS)." Nucleic Acids Research 32, no. 9 (May 17, 2004): e75-e75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gnh067.

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Mukthy, Azmary Akter, Michal Vik, and Martina Viková. "A Comparison of Two Different Light Booths for Measuring Color Difference of Metameric Pairs." Textiles 1, no. 3 (December 2, 2021): 558–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/textiles1030030.

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A standardized source of light is essential for visual color assessments, which is why lighting booths were developed. For the best results in visual assessment, it is important to consider the right choice of light source, the right viewing conditions, and the variability of the viewer. To date, many light booth technologies have been introduced to meet user demands. Since most of the light sources on the market are characterized by the designer or manufacturer, the resulting variations from booth-to-booth remain. In this study, we compared the performance of two standard light booths to assess the color difference of eleven metameric pairs. In this study, we checked an earlier technology-based light booth that is still used in the textile industry and contains illuminant A (Tungsten lamp) with CCT 2700 K, TL84 (tri-band fluorescent tube) with CCT 4000 K, and simulator D65 (CCT 6500 K) with a different light booth whose original light sources have been replaced by currently available LED retro kits from equivalent CCTs. As an inexperienced customer or industrial user, our question was, how important is this replacement? The results revealed that two different standard lighting technologies with similar CCTs cannot reproduce the same estimates because the light sources produced different SPDs. It is illustrating that caution is necessary when comparing results obtained from two different light booths containing light sources with similar CCTs but different SPDs. This comparative study suggested that the variability of the light sources’ SPDs or the observer or the sample should be modeled considering light booth’s technology to estimate its contribution to the overall variability. The close relationship between perceived and CAM02-UCS suggests that if both booths are used after the light sources have been calibrated, a formula based on color appearance models must be used to predict color appearance. To obtain better agreement between perceived and calculated color difference, one must need to avoid light booths with nominally white light sources.

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Rahman, Khalil Ur, and Songhao Shang. "A Regional Blended Precipitation Dataset over Pakistan Based on Regional Selection of Blending Satellite Precipitation Datasets and the Dynamic Weighted Average Least Squares Algorithm." Remote Sensing 12, no. 24 (December 8, 2020): 4009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12244009.

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Substantial uncertainties are associated with satellite precipitation datasets (SPDs), which are further amplified over complex terrain and diverse climate regions. The current study develops a regional blended precipitation dataset (RBPD) over Pakistan from selected SPDs in different regions using a dynamic weighted average least squares (WALS) algorithm from 2007 to 2018 with 0.25° spatial resolution and one-day temporal resolution. Several SPDs, including Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM)-based Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrievals for GPM (IMERG), Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) Multi-Satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) 3B42-v7, Precipitation Estimates from Remotely Sensed Information Using Artificial Neural Networks-Climate Data Record (PERSIANN-CDR), ERA-Interim (reanalysis dataset), SM2RAIN-CCI, and SM2RAIN-ASCAT are evaluated to select appropriate blending SPDs in different climate regions. Six statistical indices, including mean bias (MB), mean absolute error (MAE), unbiased root mean square error (ubRMSE), correlation coefficient (R), Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE), and Theil’s U coefficient, are used to assess the WALS-RBPD performance over 102 rain gauges (RGs) in Pakistan. The results showed that WALS-RBPD had assigned higher weights to IMERG in the glacial, humid, and arid regions, while SM2RAIN-ASCAT had higher weights across the hyper-arid region. The average weights of IMERG (SM2RAIN-ASCAT) are 29.03% (23.90%), 30.12% (24.19%), 31.30% (27.84%), and 27.65% (32.02%) across glacial, humid, arid, and hyper-arid regions, respectively. IMERG dominated monsoon and pre-monsoon seasons with average weights of 34.87% and 31.70%, while SM2RAIN-ASCAT depicted high performance during post-monsoon and winter seasons with average weights of 37.03% and 38.69%, respectively. Spatial scale evaluation of WALS-RPBD resulted in relatively poorer performance at high altitudes (glacial and humid regions), whereas better performance in plain areas (arid and hyper-arid regions). Moreover, temporal scale performance assessment depicted poorer performance during intense precipitation seasons (monsoon and pre-monsoon) as compared with post-monsoon and winter seasons. Skill scores are used to quantify the improvements of WALS-RBPD against previously developed blended precipitation datasets (BPDs) based on WALS (WALS-BPD), dynamic clustered Bayesian model averaging (DCBA-BPD), and dynamic Bayesian model averaging (DBMA-BPD). On the one hand, skill scores show relatively low improvements of WALS-RBPD against WALS-BPD, where maximum improvements are observed in glacial (humid) regions with skill scores of 29.89% (28.69%) in MAE, 27.25% (23.89%) in ubRMSE, and 24.37% (28.95%) in MB. On the other hand, the highest improvements are observed against DBMA-BPD with average improvements across glacial (humid) regions of 39.74% (36.93%), 38.27% (33.06%), and 39.16% (30.47%) in MB, MAE, and ubRMSE, respectively. It is recommended that the development of RBPDs can be a potential alternative for data-scarce regions and areas with complex topography.

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PENG, RU, and HANLIN LI. "FRAGMENTATION FUNCTIONS OF GLUON SPLITTING INTO CHARMED HADRONS IN THE RECOMBINATION MODEL." Modern Physics Letters A 28, no. 33 (October 10, 2013): 1350133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732313501332.

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In the framework of the recombination model we determine the shower parton distributions (SPDs) with the fragmentation functions (FFs) for mesons and then predict the fragmentation functions for baryons. We get the fragmentation functions of gluon splitting into charmed hadrons. We show the relationship of fragmentation functions for mesons and baryons and find that they are not independent if the hadronization of the shower partons is taken into account.

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Uchida, T., and Y. Ohno. "Simplified field measurement methods for the CIE mesopic photometry system." Lighting Research & Technology 49, no. 6 (April 11, 2016): 774–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477153516643571.

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For implementation of the mesopic photometry system in CIE 191:2010 to outdoor lighting, two simplified methods to measure the mesopic luminance are proposed. One of the methods, named the Adaptation Spectral Power Distribution) method, assumes that the spectral power distributions (SPDs) of reflected light at test points on the road surface are the same as that of the adaptation field. Another method, named the Source SPD method, assumes that the reflected light SPDs are equal to the SPD of the light source. Error simulations with a real road surface spectral reflectance dataset show that the error distributes over an 8% range due to the variation of the road surface spectral reflectance in the worst case. Although the bias due to the road surface spectral reflectances causes a large error with the Source SPD method, a proposed correction can reduce the error sufficiently. Error simulations also show that the Source SPD method is not so sensitive for lighting scenes that include multiple light source types. It has been shown that the SPD methods can measure the mesopic quantities without scotopic/photopic luminance meters having both V( λ) and V′( λ) detectors when both the adaptation field and test points consist of road surfaces.

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Lin, Ching Lung, Yoau Chau Jeng, Mei Fen Tsai, and Lin Song Weng. "Case Study of Surge Protective Devices (SPDs) in Low-Voltage System." Advanced Materials Research 516-517 (May 2012): 1751–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.516-517.1751.

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Because the electric system of Tai-power is increased day by day, no matter generating set, transmission line, and transformer in substation, have especially already set up and increased aircrew's model parameter newly to use the number value that the producer offers in the part of the generating set, also there are no materials that a producer offered in the old aircrew, can only use typical value to substitute. Because the model parameter surveying value of system analysis, the accuracy of analysing the result of incomes remains to be discussed, so carry on the fixed quantity on the spot and examine the parameter of models to the systematic generating set, apply it to system analysis as the very urgent important affair. The purpose of this research is to set up the.

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Sofras, E., J. Prousalidis, and A. Sourlangas. "Improving electric power quality in ships via surge protection devices (SPDs)." Journal of Marine Engineering & Technology 14, no. 2 (May 4, 2015): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20464177.2015.1095472.

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Liu, Ting-ting, Xiao-ming Pang, Cui Long, and Zhi-yi Zhang. "Successful Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Populus tomentosa with apple SPDS gene." Forestry Studies in China 10, no. 3 (September 2008): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11632-008-0030-x.

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Yin, Zhendong, Wei Yang, Zhutian Yang, Lihua Zuo, and Hansong Gao. "A Study on Radar Emitter Recognition Based on SPDS Neural Network." Information Technology Journal 10, no. 4 (March 15, 2011): 883–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/itj.2011.883.888.

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Timpson, Adrian, Ramiro Barberena, Mark G. Thomas, César Méndez, and Katie Manning. "Directly modelling population dynamics in the South American Arid Diagonal using 14 C dates." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 376, no. 1816 (November 30, 2020): 20190723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0723.

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Large anthropogenic 14 C datasets are widely used to generate summed probability distributions (SPDs) as a proxy for past human population levels. However, SPDs are a poor proxy when datasets are small, bearing little relationship to true population dynamics. Instead, more robust inferences can be achieved by directly modelling the population and assessing the model likelihood given the data. We introduce the R package ADMUR which uses a continuous piecewise linear (CPL) model of population change, calculates the model likelihood given a 14 C dataset, estimates credible intervals using Markov chain Monte Carlo, applies a goodness-of-fit test, and uses the Schwarz Criterion to compare CPL models. We demonstrate the efficacy of this method using toy data, showing that spurious dynamics are avoided when sample sizes are small, and true population dynamics are recovered as sample sizes increase. Finally, we use an improved 14 C dataset for the South American Arid Diagonal to compare CPL modelling to current simulation methods, and identify three Holocene phases when population trajectory estimates changed from rapid initial growth of 4.15% per generation to a decline of 0.05% per generation between 10 821 and 7055 yr BP, then gently grew at 0.58% per generation until 2500 yr BP. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Cross-disciplinary approaches to prehistoric demography’.

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Yasui, Shinji. "Simulating and Testing of Incoming Overvoltage using SPDs in Electrical Power Circuits." IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy 135, no. 11 (2015): 651–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejpes.135.651.

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Laref, Amel. "Bulk and Low Dimension Properties of ZnSe Using spds* Tight-Binding Model." Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 80, no. 12 (December 15, 2011): 124601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.80.124601.

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Hao, Qi, Nan Jiang, Ruiqin Zhang, Liuming Yang, and Shengli Li. "Characteristics, sources, and reactions of nitrous acid during winter at an urban site in the Central Plains Economic Region in China." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 11 (June 16, 2020): 7087–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7087-2020.

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Abstract. Nitrous acid (HONO) in the core city of the Central Plains Economic Region in China was measured using an ambient ion monitor from 9 to 31 January 2019. Measurement time intervals were classified into the following periods in accordance with the daily mean values of PM2.5: clean days (CDs), polluted days (PDs), and severely polluted days (SPDs). The HONO concentrations during CD, PD, and SPD periods were 1.2, 2.3, and 3.7 ppbv, respectively. The contributions of the homogeneous reaction, heterogeneous conversion, and direct emissions to HONO sources varied under different pollution levels. The mean values of the net HONO production of the homogeneous reaction (POH+NOnet) in CD, PD, and SPD periods were 0.13, 0.26, and 0.56 ppbv h−1, respectively. The average conversions of NO2 (CHONO) in CD, PD, and SPD periods were 0.72×10-2, 0.64×10-2, and 1.54×10-2 h−1, respectively, indicating that the heterogeneous conversion of NO2 was less important than the homogeneous reaction. Furthermore, the net production of the homogeneous reaction may have been the main factor in the increase of HONO under high-NOx conditions (i.e., when the concentration of NO was higher than that of NO2) at nighttime. Daytime HONO budget analysis showed that the mean values of the unknown source (Punknown) during CD, PD, and SPD periods were 0.26, 0.40, and 1.83 ppbv h−1, respectively. The values of POH+NOnet, CHONO, and Punknown in the SPDs period were comparatively larger than those in other periods, indicating that HONO participated in many reactions. The proportions of nighttime HONO sources also changed during the entire sampling period. Direct emissions and a heterogeneous reaction controlled HONO production in the first half of the night and provided a contribution that is larger than that of the homogeneous reaction. The proportion of homogenization gradually increased in the second half of the night due to the steady increase in NO concentrations. The hourly level of HONO abatement pathways, except for OH + HONO, was at least 0.22 ppbv h−1 in the SPDs period. The cumulative frequency distribution of the HONOemission∕HONO ratio (less than 20 %) was approximately 77 %, which suggested that direct emission was not important. The heterogeneous HONO production increased when the relative humidity (RH) increased, but it decreased when RH increased further. The average HONO∕NOx ratio (4.9 %) was more than twice the assumed globally averaged value (2.0 %).

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Abd Wahab, Noor Zarina, and Nazlina Ibrahim. "Styrylpyrone Derivative (SPD) Extracted from Goniothalamus umbrosus Binds to Dengue Virus Serotype-2 Envelope Protein and Inhibits Early Stage of Virus Replication." Molecules 27, no. 14 (July 18, 2022): 4566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27144566.

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A study was conducted to investigate the anti-viral effect of a styrylpyrone derivative (SPD) called goniothalamin and the effects on the dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2) replication cycle. The SPD was prepared from the root of Goniothalamus umbrosus after purification with petroleum ether. The isolated SPD was then subjected to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses for structure validation. The cytotoxicity of the SPD was evaluated using a cell viability assay, while the anti-viral activity of the SPD towards DENV-2 was confirmed by conducting a foci reduction assay which involved virus yield reduction, time-of-addition, and time removal assays. Transcriptomic analysis via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) using the DENV-2 E gene was conducted to investigate the level of gene transcript. Immunocytochemistry analysis was used to investigate the effects of SPD treatment on protein E expression. Finally, software molecular docking of the SPD and E protein was also performed. The cytotoxicity assay confirmed that the SPD was not toxic to Vero cells, even at the highest concentration tested. In the time-of-addition assay, more than 80% foci reduction was observed when SPDs were administered at 2 h post-infection (hpi), and the reduction percentage then dropped with the delay of the treatment time, suggesting the inhibition of the early replication cycle. However, the time removal assay showed that more than 80% reduction could only be observed after 96 h post-treatment with the SPD. Treatment with the SPD reduced the progeny infectivity when treated for 24 h and was dose-dependent. The result showed that transcript level of the E gene in infected cells treated with the SPD was reduced compared to infected cells without treatment. In immunocytochemistry analysis, the DENV-2 E protein exhibited similar expression trends, shown by the gene transcription level. Molecular docking showed that the SPD can interact with E protein through hydrogen bonds and other interactions. Overall, this study showed that SPDs have the potential to be anti-DENV-2 via a reduction in viral progeny infectivity and a reduction in the expression of the DENV-2 E gene and protein at different phases of viral replication. SPDs should be further researched to be developed into an effective anti-viral treatment, particularly for early-phase dengue viral infection.

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Shangguan, Mingjia, Haiyun Xia, Xiankang Dou, Jiawei Qiu, and Chao Yu. "Development of Multifunction Micro-Pulse Lidar at 1.5 Micrometer." EPJ Web of Conferences 237 (2020): 07010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202023707010.

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Taking advantage of the 1.5 μm lidar, a series of 1.5 μm micro-pulse lidars have been developed at the University of Science and Technology of China, in Hefei, China. According to the different characteristics of three kinds of single-photon detectors at 1.5 μm, namely superconducting nanowire single-photon detector, up-conversion SPDs and InGaAs/InP single-photon avalanche diodes, different kinds of lidar systems have been constructed to realize the detection of atmospheric visibility, cloud, depolarization, wind field at the atmospheric boundary layer.

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Lee, Youngjun, and Young Sam Lee. "A Low-Cost Surge Current Detection Sensor with Predictive Lifetime Display Function for Maintenance of Surge Protective Devices." Sensors 20, no. 8 (April 18, 2020): 2310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20082310.

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In this study, a low-cost surge current detection sensor (SCDS) that can measure high current surges using a low-current toroidal coil is proposed for maintenance of a surge protective device (SPD). The proposed SCDS is designed to display the predicted lifetime of the SPD based on the magnitude of surge current and number of surges. In addition, a method for measuring high surge current using a toroidal coil that can usually measure only low current is proposed. A lightning strike counter consists of a microcontroller with a low-power liquid crystal display (LCD) driver, 3 VDC lithium battery, and signal conditioning circuit that converts amplitude information of the surge current into duration information of a negative pulse to facilitate processing in the microcontroller. In this paper, we propose a software algorithm that can calculate the remaining lifetime of SPD based on the amplitude and number of surge currents. There is also an option to select the capacity of the surge protective device and the number of phase lines, allowing it to assess the predicted lifetime for various types of Class II SPDs. The proposed SCDS is measured as 7.2 μA from the battery power consumption test, and the service life is calculated to be 11.1 years. It meets the International Standard IEC62561-6 test conditions of the lightning strike counter and is expected to be useful in the maintenance of SPDs and lightning protection systems.

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He, Yuwei, Zhengcai Fu, Bengang Wei, Jian Chen, and Anfeng Jiang. "Dynamic characteristics and cascaded coordination of limiting-type SPDs under subsequent negative strokes." IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 10, no. 16 (December 8, 2016): 4197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2016.0803.

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Lee, Bok-Hee, Dong-Moon Lee, Dong-Chul Cheong, Su-Bong Lee, and Seung-Chil Lee. "Protection Effects According to the Conditions of Installations of SPDs for Information-Oriented Equipments." Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers 21, no. 1 (January 31, 2007): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5207/jieie.2007.21.1.035.

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Journal articles on the topic 'SPDS'

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