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1
Santos, Marcelo Ament Giuliani dos, Lívia Castelani, Thatiane Mendes Mitsunaga, Weber Vilas Boas Soares, Rodrigo Giglioti, and Luiz Carlos Roma Júnior. "Evaluation of forestripping milk and its effects on milk quality." Acta Veterinaria Brasilica 16, no. 1 (January 25, 2022): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21708/avb.2022.16.1.10334.
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Consumers demand for food safety affects dairy industry, restraining the sector to adapt to milk quality parameters established by legislation, such as somatic cell count (SCC) and standard plate count (SPC). Good agricultural practices have positive impact over these parameters, especially Forestripping Milk (FSM), which consists of observing the first milk streams collected in a dark-bottomed mug for identification of clinical mastitis. These first milk streams have high somatic cells count and bacteria. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of milk from FSM, such as SCC and SPC values, and its impacts on milk quality of the cooling tank through simulating contamination. Fourteen dairy farms and one experimental farm were evaluated for SCC and SPC parameters of FSM. It was observed that there was no statistically significant difference for SCC and SPC between milk samples from the cooling tank and cooling tank simulating the inclusion of milk from FSM. Statistically significant difference for somatic cell score (SCS) and SPC was observed when tanks were classified by SCC. In addition, difference in SCS was observed between morning and afternoon milking. The collection of first milk streams can contribute to decrease in SCC and SPC of milk in the cooling tank. FSM must be practiced by all dairy farmers as milking management, to assist in clinical mastitis diagnosis and improve milk quality.
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Lin, Chun-che, and Mei-chin Yin. "Effects of cysteine-containing compounds on biosynthesis of triacylglycerol and cholesterol and anti-oxidative protection in liver from mice consuming a high-fat diet." British Journal of Nutrition 99, no. 1 (July 26, 2007): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114507793881.
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Effects ofn-acetyl cysteine (NAC),s-ethyl cysteine (SEC),s-propyl cysteine (SPC) and cysteine on enzymes participating in biosynthesis of TAG and cholesterol, and antioxidant protection in liver from mice consuming a high-saturated fat diet was examined. The high-fat diet provided 70 % fat energy, in which saturated fat was 55 % of total fat. NAC, SEC, SPC or cysteine, each agent at 1 g/l, was directly added into the drinking water as a supplement for 4 weeks. Results showed high saturated fat significantly increased hepatic TAG and total cholesterol contents (P < 0·05)viaenhancing the activity and mRNA expression of malic enzyme, fatty acid synthase and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (P < 0·05). The intake of NAC, SEC or SPC significantly decreased TAG and total cholesterol levels (P < 0·05)vialowering the activity and mRNA expression of these three lipogenic-related enzymes (P < 0·05). NAC, SEC or SPC treatment also significantly suppressed high saturated fat-induced hepatic mRNA expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c and SREBP-2 (P < 0·05). High saturated fat decreased hepatic content of glutathione, and the activity of catalase and glutathione peroxidase (P < 0·05). The intake of NAC, SEC or SPC significantly increased hepatic glutathione content (P < 0·05), restored the activity and mRNA expression of glutathione peroxidase, and alleviated the high saturated fat-induced oxidative stress (P < 0·05). These results support that NAC, SEC and SPC are potent agents for affecting hepatic biosynthesis of TAG and cholesterol, and protecting liver against high saturated fat-associated oxidative damage.
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Bernardeli, Arthur, Aluízio Borem, Rodrigo Lorenzoni, Rafael Aguiar, Jessica Nayara Basilio Silva, Rafael Delmond Bueno, Cléberson Ribeiro, Newton Piovesan, and Maximiller Dal-Bianco Lamas Costa. "SNP marker association for incrementing soybean seed protein content." Agronomy Science and Biotechnology 6 (July 17, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33158/asb.r107.v6.2020.
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Soybean seed protein content (SPC) has been decreasing throughout last decades and DNA marker association has shown its usefulness to improve this trait even in soybean breeding programs that focus primarily on soybean yield and seed oil content (SOC). Aiming to elucidate the association of two SNP markers (ss715630650 and ss715636852) to the SPC, a soybean population of 264 F5-derived recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a bi-parental cross was tested in four environments. Through the single-marker analysis, the additive effect () and the portion of SPC variation due to the SNPs () for single and multi-environment data were assessed, and transgressive RILs for SPC were observed. The estimates revealed the association of both markers to SPC in most of environments. The marker ss715636852 was more frequently associated to SPC, including multi-environment data, and contributed up to = 1.30% for overall SPC, whereas ss715630650 had significant association just in two locations, with contributions of = 0.76% and = 0.74% to overall SPC in Vic1 and Cap1, respectively. The RIL 84-13 was classified as an elite genotype due to its favorable alleles and high SPC means, which reached 53.78% in Cap1, and 46.33% in MET analysis. Thus, these results confirm the usefulness of the SNP marker ss715636852 in a soybean breeding program for SPC.
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Fanin, Maurício, Camila de Cuffa Matusaiki, Antonio Sergio Ferraudo, Maria Augusta Dorigan Bondezan, Luiz Paulo de Oliveira, Dérick de Almeida Marchi, Maria Eduarda da Silva Melo, Lisiane de Almeida Martins, Ricardo de Melo Germano, and Luciana Otutumi. "Bovine milk quality related to the minimum requirements demanded by current Brazilian legislation." Peer Review 5, no. 14 (July 7, 2023): 278–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.53660/730.prw1911b.
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Taking into account the increasing search for quality milk production, the objective was to evaluate the milk quality of 33 properties located in the northwest region of Paraná in 2018, relating them to current legislation (normative instruction 76). The results of standard plate count (SPC), somatic cell count (SCC), fat, non-fat solids, total solids, lactose and protein were tabulated. There was non-compliance related to the legislation of 53% of the samples for SPC and 21.8% for SCC. In the analysis of geometric means, 27.3% presented three consecutive months above the acceptable limits for SCC and 63.6% for SPC. The multiple correspondence analysis of the nonconformity results showed two processes involving, each, three strongly associated variables: SCC, fat and total solids and SCC, lactose and total solids. These associations came from 56.3% of the variability contained in the data set, demonstrating that high SCC results negatively affect the percentages of fat and total solids, in addition to lactose and total solids and that despite technological advances, many producers still find it difficult to meet the legislation.
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Gunathilaka, Buddhi E., Seong-Mok Jeong, Min-Uk Cho, Kang-Woong Kim, Sang-Woo Hur, Seunghan Lee, Sang-Guan You, and Sang-Min Lee. "Effects of Dietary Fish Meal Replacement with Alternative Protein Ingredients and Their Combinations on Growth Performance, Feed Utilization, Fillet Composition, and Biochemical Parameters of Red Seabream (Pagrus major)." Aquaculture Nutrition 2023 (July 13, 2023): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/8883739.
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The experiment was conducted to evaluate alternative protein ingredients in a low-fish meal (FM) diet for red seabream (Pagrus major). Twelve experimental diets were formulated. Control diet (CON) was designed to contain 60% FM. Other experimental diets were formulated by replacing 50% of FM from the CON with soy protein concentrate (SPC), corn gluten (CG), meat meal (MM), and/or chicken byproduct meal (CBM). Four diets were designed including one of SPC, CG, MM, or CBM as FM replacer and designated as SPC, CG, MM, and CBM. Six other diets were formulated by adding two ingredients as SPC and CG, SPC and MM, SPC and CBM, CG and MM, CG and CBM, or MM and CBM, and designated as SCG, SMM, SCM, CMM, CCM, and MCM, respectively. The 12th diet (MIX) was formulated by including SPC, CGM, MM, and CBM. Triplicate fish groups (50.2 ± 0.1 g) were hand-fed for 12 weeks. Weight gain (WG) of fish was significantly improved by MM and MCM diets compared to CG, SCG, CMM, and CCM diets. WG of CON, SPC, CM, SMM, SCM, and MIX groups were comparable with MM and MCM groups. The lowest WG was observed in CG and CMM groups. Feed efficiency (FE) was significantly higher in MM group compared to SPC, CG, SGC, and CMC groups. FE of MCM group was significantly higher than CG and SCG groups. Fillet linolenic acid (C18:2n–6) level in CG group was significantly higher than CON, MM, CM, SCM, CCM, and MCM groups. Serum lysozyme activity was significantly higher in MCM and MIX groups. Therefore, a high level of dietary CG reduces the growth performance and feed utilization of red seabream. A mixture of MM and CBM seems to be more efficient in replacing FM from red seabream diet.
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Chen, Xinchun, Yi Zeng, Gang Li, Sylvia Thompson, Marjan Sepassi, M. Angela Romanoski, Michael W. Graner, and Emmanuel Katsanis. "Tumor-Derived Chaperone-Rich Cell Lysate (CRCL) Can Be Effectively Combined with Syngeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation to Treat Bcr-abl+ Leukemia in a Murine Model." Blood 104, no. 11 (November 16, 2004): 2971. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.2971.2971.
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Abstract We have previously reported that purified tumor derived chaperone-rich cell lysate (CRCL) containing multiple heat shock proteins (HSPs) is a promising cancer vaccine, capable of generating tumor-specific T cell responses and protective immunity in different animal tumor models. In this study, we have explored the therapeutic applicability of CRCL in the context of syngeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) to treat preexisting leukemia. BALB/c mice received a 10-fold LD100 dose of bcr-abl+ leukemia cells (12B1) subcutaneously (s.c.) on day -7. On day -1, 900cGy of total body irradiation (TBI) was given followed by syngeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) on day 0. Transplanted mice received 20X106 bone marrow cells along with 50X106 splenocytes (SPC) intravenously (i.v.). We have demonstrated that BMT/SPC prolonged survival of mice by a median time of 7 days (median survival time [MST] from tumor inoculation of no BMT versus BMT/SPC =19 vs 26 days), however, all mice eventually died of disseminated leukemia. When recipients received BMT and SPC from syngeneic donors that had been previously immunized with 12B1-derived CRCL (immune BMT/SPC) the MST was increased to 29 days with 26.1% of transplanted mice surviving without tumor (p<0.01 immune BMT/SPC vs naive BMT/SPC). Vaccination of immune BMT/SPC recipients with 20 mg 12B1-derived CRCL in the early post-transplant period (day +1 and day +6) increased MST to 32 days (p<0.01 vs naïve BMT/SPC control) but did not significantly improve overall survival (26.3%) when compared to immune BMT/SPC mice not receiving post transplant 12B1-CRCL vaccine. Eleven to 17 weeks later, mice with no evidence of disease were re-challenged with 12B1 cells in one groin and A20 B cell leukemia cells in the opposite groin. Eighty percent of the mice demonstrated long term tumor specific immunity by rejecting the 12B1 rechallenge while 100% of the mice developed A20 tumors. Our results indicate that CRCL is a promising vaccine that can be used to generate specific anti-tumor immunity that can be effectively transferred to a host via BMT.
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Jin, Huiyan, Andrzej K. Ciechanowicz, Alanna R. Kaplan, Lin Wang, Ping-Xia Zhang, Yi-Chien Lu, Rachel E. Tobin, et al. "Surfactant protein C dampens inflammation by decreasing JAK/STAT activation during lung repair." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 314, no. 5 (May 1, 2018): L882—L892. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00418.2017.
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Surfactant protein C (SPC), a key component of pulmonary surfactant, also plays a role in regulating inflammation. SPC deficiency in patients and mouse models is associated with increased inflammation and delayed repair, but the key drivers of SPC-regulated inflammation in response to injury are largely unknown. This study focuses on a new mechanism of SPC as an anti-inflammatory molecule using SPC-TK/SPC-KO (surfactant protein C-thymidine kinase/surfactant protein C knockout) mice, which represent a novel sterile injury model that mimics clinical acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). SPC-TK mice express the inducible suicide gene thymidine kinase from by the SPC promoter, which targets alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells for depletion in response to ganciclovir (GCV). We compared GCV-induced injury and repair in SPC-TK mice that have normal endogenous SPC expression with SPC-TK/SPC-KO mice lacking SPC expression. In contrast to SPC-TK mice, SPC-TK/SPC-KO mice treated with GCV exhibited more severe inflammation, resulting in over 90% mortality; there was only 8% mortality of SPC-TK animals. SPC-TK/SPC-KO mice had highly elevated inflammatory cytokines and granulocyte infiltration in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Consistent with a proinflammatory phenotype, immunofluorescence revealed increased phosphorylated signal transduction and activation of transcription 3 (pSTAT3), suggesting enhanced Janus kinase (JAK)/STAT activation in inflammatory and AT2 cells of SPC-TK/SPC-KO mice. The level of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3, an anti-inflammatory mediator that decreases pSTAT3 signaling, was significantly decreased in the BAL fluid of SPC-TK/SPC-KO mice. Hyperactivation of pSTAT3 and inflammation were rescued by AZD1480, a JAK1/2 inhibitor. Our findings showing a novel role for SPC in regulating inflammation via JAK/STAT may have clinical applications.
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Schilbert, Hanna Marie, Boas Pucker, David Ries, Prisca Viehöver, Zeljko Micic, Felix Dreyer, Katrin Beckmann, Benjamin Wittkop, Bernd Weisshaar, and Daniela Holtgräwe. "Mapping‑by‑Sequencing Reveals Genomic Regions Associated with Seed Quality Parameters in Brassica napus." Genes 13, no. 7 (June 23, 2022): 1131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13071131.
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Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is an important oil crop and has the potential to serve as a highly productive source of protein. This protein exhibits an excellent amino acid composition and has high nutritional value for humans. Seed protein content (SPC) and seed oil content (SOC) are two complex quantitative and polygenic traits which are negatively correlated and assumed to be controlled by additive and epistatic effects. A reduction in seed glucosinolate (GSL) content is desired as GSLs cause a stringent and bitter taste. The goal here was the identification of genomic intervals relevant for seed GSL content and SPC/SOC. Mapping by sequencing (MBS) revealed 30 and 15 new and known genomic intervals associated with seed GSL content and SPC/SOC, respectively. Within these intervals, we identified known but also so far unknown putatively causal genes and sequence variants. A 4 bp insertion in the MYB28 homolog on C09 shows a significant association with a reduction in seed GSL content. This study provides insights into the genetic architecture and potential mechanisms underlying seed quality traits, which will enhance future breeding approaches in B. napus.
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Schleheck, David, Thomas P. Knepper, Karin Fischer, and Alasdair M. Cook. "Mineralization of Individual Congeners of Linear Alkylbenzenesulfonate by Defined Pairs of Heterotrophic Bacteria." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 7 (July 2004): 4053–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.7.4053-4063.2004.
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ABSTRACT Parvibaculum lavamentivorans DS-1T utilized the commercial surfactant linear alkylbenzenesulfonate (LAS) (20 congeners with C10 to C13 side chains) as a carbon and energy source by shortening the side chain, and sulfophenylcarboxylates (SPCs) and similar compounds (e.g., α,β-unsaturated SPCs [SPC-2Hs]) were excreted with quantitative recovery of the sulfophenyl moiety. 2-(4-Sulfophenyl)decane (2-C10-LAS) was converted largely to 3-(4-sulfophenyl)butyrate (3-C4-SPC), as were 2-C12-LAS and 2-C14-LAS; the other products were 5-C6-SPC (SPC+2C) and 3-C4-SPC-2H. 2-C11-LAS was converted largely to 4-C5-SPC with the corresponding SPC+2C and SPC-2H; similarly, 3-C12-LAS yielded 4-C6-SPC with the corresponding SPC+2C and SPC-2H. This pattern of products confirmed that LAS is degraded by ω-oxygenation and chain shortening through β-oxidation. At least nine major SPCs were formed from commercial LAS. The novel isolates Comamonas testosteroni SPB-2 and KF-1 utilized 3-C4-SPC; Delftia acidovorans SPH-1 utilized 4-C6-SPC enantioselectively. The substrate-dependent oxygen uptake of whole cells of strain SPB-2 indicated that there was inducible oxygenation of 3-C4-SPC and of 4-sulfophenol in whole cells of the strains of C. testosteroni during growth with 3-C4-SPC or 4-sulfophenol. The degradative pathways apparently involved 4-sulfocatechol and 4-sulfocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase. Strain SPB-2 and strain DS-1T grew together in LAS-salts medium, and only seven of the nine major SPCs were recovered. Strain SPB-2 utilized 3-C4-SPC, 3-C5-SPC, and 3-C4-SPC-2H. Strain SPH-1 grew together with strain DS-1T in LAS-salts medium, and a different set of seven major SPCs was recovered. Strain SPH-1 utilized 4-C6-SPC, 4-C5-SPC, 4-C6-SPC-2H, and 4-C5-SPC-2H. A three-member community consisting of strains DS-1T, SPB-2, and SPH-1 utilized four major SPCs. We inferred that this community mineralized the major SPCs derived from 8 of the 20 LAS congeners.
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Schleheck, David, Thomas P. Knepper, Peter Eichhorn, and Alasdair M. Cook. "Parvibaculum lavamentivorans DS-1T Degrades Centrally Substituted Congeners of Commercial Linear Alkylbenzenesulfonate to Sulfophenyl Carboxylates and Sulfophenyl Dicarboxylates." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 15 (June 8, 2007): 4725–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00632-07.
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ABSTRACT Commercial linear alkylbenzenesulfonate (LAS) contains 20 congeners of linear alkanes (C10 to C13) substituted subterminally with the 4-sulfophenyl moiety in any position from lateral to central. Parvibaculum lavamentivorans DS-1T degrades each of eight laterally substituted congeners [e.g., 2-(4-sulfophenyl)decane (2-C10-LAS); herein, compounds are named systematically by chain length (e.g., C10) and by the position of the substituent on the chain (e.g., position 2)] to a major sulfophenyl carboxylate [SPC; here 3-(4-sulfophenyl)butyrate (3-C4-SPC)] and two minor products, namely, the α,β-unsaturated SPC (SPC-2H, here 3-C4-SPC-2H) and the SPC+2C (here 5-C6-SPC) species (D. Schleheck, T. P. Knepper, K. Fischer, and A. M. Cook, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70:4053-4063). The degradation of centrally substituted congeners by strain DS-1 was examined in this work. 5-C10-LAS yielded not only the predicted 4-C8-SPC, 4-C8-SPC-2H, and 6-C10-SPC (about 70% of products) but also sulfophenyl dicarboxylates (SPdC), i.e., C6-, C8-, and C10-SPdC. These were identified by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) after separation by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). ESI ion-trap MS and ESI-time of flight-MS were used to confirm the identities of key intermediates. Different mixtures of congeners obtained by separation of commercial LAS by HPLC were degraded, and the degradative products were compared. If a congener carried the sulfophenyl substituent on the 5, 6, or 7 position, SPdCs were formed as well as SPC, SPC-2H, and SPC+2C, whereas the substituent on the 2, 3, or 4 position yielded only SPC, SPC-2H, and SPC+2C. Some 50 products were generated from the 20 LAS congeners: 11 major SPCs, each with an SPC-2H and an SPC+2C (i.e., 33 SPC and SPC-2H species), and about 17 SPdC species. A large array of compounds, many in low quantities, is thus generated by P. lavamentivorans DS-1 during the degradation of commercial LAS.
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Chandra, Mahesh, Keyur Parmar, and Seema Wasnik. "Comparative study of perioperative morbidities of the conventional and ultrasound-guided suprapubic catheterization in the patients of urinary retention during emergency." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 7, no. 10 (September 25, 2019): 3660. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20194193.
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Background: Urinary retention is one of the common urological emergencies and conventional ‘blind’ SPC frequently used comfortable as well superior procedure for patients. During conventional SPC, the distended bladder is identified by palpation or percussion without proper attention to intervening bowel segment and other structures. However, the recently published data suggests that if, ultrasound is used during SPC, and it identifies not only bladder but also intervening bowel segment which complications. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess and compare the perioperative complications of both methods.Methods: This prospective study was conducted between years November’2017 to June’2019. Sixty patients (n=60) of urinary retention were randomized to undergo ultrasound guided or conventional SPC procedures. Patients were divided into two equal groups of 30 patients in US-SPC (Group-A) and C-SPC (Group-B). After either SPC, the patients were closely observed for development of complications.Results: Overall, the patients had mean age of 53.87+21.418 and 53.87+21.418 years in C-SPC and US-SPC group, respectively. Mean operative time and subsequent initial urine drainage were almost equal in both groups. However, in C-SPC group, 5(16.7%) patients developed complications in the form of 03 misplaced catheters outside bladder, 01 into retro pubic space and another 01 into rectum. All patients in Group-A required ultrasound guided revision of SPC compared to none in Group-B.Conclusion: Overall, the ultrasound-guided SPC (US-SPC) is safer procedure compared to conventional ‘blind’ C-SPC in relieving urinary retention in emergency, thus it should be recommended procedure whenever need arise for SPC procedure.
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Tsurudome, Natsuko, Yuji Minami, and Katsuko Kajiya. "Sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC), a Causative Factor of SPC-Induced Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Contraction, Is Taken Up via Endocytosis." Cells 12, no. 2 (January 9, 2023): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells12020265.
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The reaction field of abnormal vascular contraction induced by sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC) and the action point of SPC around the plasma membranes remain unknown. However, we found in a previous study that fisetin prevents SPC-induced vascular smooth muscle cells contraction, while the mechanism remains unknown. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to address the action point of SPC around the plasma membranes and the involvement of fisetin. We focused on microdomains and evaluated their markers flotillin-1 and caveolin-1 and the localization of SPC to investigate their action point. The results showed that microdomains of vascular smooth muscle cells were not involved in SPC-induced contraction. However, we found that after SPC had been affected on the plasma membrane, cells took up SPC via endocytosis. Moreover, SPC remained in the cells and did not undergo transcytosis, and SPC-induced contracting cells produced exosomes. These phenomena were similar to those observed in fisetin-treated cells. Thus, we speculated that, although not involved in the reaction field of SPC-induced contractions, the microdomain induced the endocytosis of SPCs, and fisetin prevented the contractions by directly targeting vascular smooth muscle cells. Notably, this preventive mechanism involves the cellular uptake of SPC via endocytosis.
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Bae, Yoe-Sik, Ha Young Lee, Sun Young Lee, Sang Doo Kim, Hak Jung Kim, Young Su Jung, and Suk-Hwan Baek. "Sphingosylphosphorylcholine stimulates CCL2 production and ICAM expression from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (60.2)." Journal of Immunology 186, no. 1_Supplement (April 1, 2011): 60.2. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.186.supp.60.2.
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Abstract We investigated the functional role of sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC), a component of high density lipoprotein (HDL) particles, in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). SPC stimulation induced production of the CCL2 chemokine in a PTX-sensitive G-protein-dependent manner. SPC treatment caused the activation of NF-κB and AP-1, which are essential for SPC-induced CCL2 production, and also induced the activation of three MAPKs, ERK, p38 MAPK, and JNK. p38 MAPK or JNK by specific inhibitors caused a dramatic decrease in SPC-induced CCL2 production. The Jak/STAT3 pathway was also activated upon SPC stimulation of HUVECs. Pretreatment with a Jak inhibitor blocked not only SPC-induced p38 MAPK and JNK activation but also NF-κB and AP-1 activation. Our results suggest that SPC stimulates HUVECs, resulting in Jak/STAT3-, NF-κB-, and AP-1-mediated CCL2 production. We also observed that SPC stimulated expression of the adhesion molecule ICAM-1 in HUVECs. Taken together, we suggest that SPC may contribute to atherosclerosis; thus SPC and its as yet unidentified target receptor offer a starting point for the development of a treatment for atherosclerosis.
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Wachter, Claudia, Klaus Hackner, Iris Groissenberger, Franziska Jutz, Lisa Tschurlovich, Nguyen-Son Le, and Gudrun Kreye. "A Retrospective, Single-Center Analysis of Specialized Palliative Care Services for Patients with Advanced Small-Cell Lung Cancer." Cancers 14, no. 20 (October 12, 2022): 4988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14204988.
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Timely integration of specialized palliative care (SPC) has been shown to improve cancer patients’ quality of life (QoL) and reduced the use of medical services. To evaluate the level of integration of SPC services for patients with advanced small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), we retrospectively analyzed medical records of patients from 2019 to 2021. Regarding the timing of referral to SPC services, we defined four cutoffs for early referral according to the current literature: (a) SPC provided ≤ 60 days after diagnosis; (b) SPC provided ≥ 60 days before death; (c) SPC provided ≥ 30 days before death; and (d) SPC provided ≥ 130 days before death. One hundred and forty-three patients (94.1%) were found to have locally advanced (stage III) or metastatic (stage IV) disease. Sixty-eight were not referred to SPC services (47.6%), whereas 75 patients received SPC (52.4%). We found a significantly higher number of referrals to SPC services for patients with higher ECOG (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group) (i.e., ECOG ≥ 2) (p = 0.010) and patients with stage IV disease (p ≤ 0.001). The median overall survival (OS) for SCLC stage III/IV patients (n = 143) who did not receive SPC treatment was 17 months (95% CI 8.5–25.5), while those who did receive SPC treatment had a median OS of 8 months (95% CI 6.2–9.8) (p = 0.014). However, when we evaluated patients receiving SPC treatment in a timely manner before death as suggested by the different cutoffs indicated in the literature, they lived significantly longer when referred at a minimum of ≥60 or ≥130 days before death. Based on our findings, we suggest that patients with advanced SCLC should participate in a consultation with a SPC team in a timely manner to ensure a benefit of SPC for this patient group.
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Cofrades, Susana, Arancha Saiz, Miriam Pérez-Mateos, Alba Garcimartín, Rocío Redondo-Castillejo, Aranzazu Bocanegra, Juana Benedí, and María Dolores Álvarez. "The Influence of Cellulose Ethers on the Physico-Chemical Properties, Structure and Lipid Digestibility of Animal Fat Emulsions Stabilized by Soy Protein." Foods 11, no. 5 (March 2, 2022): 738. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11050738.
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This study explores the influence of carboxymethylcelullose (CMC) and methylcelullose (MC), added by simultaneous (sim) and sequential (seq) emulsification methods, on the structure, rheological parameters and in vitro lipid digestibility of pork lard O/W emulsions stabilized by soy protein concentrate (SPC). Five emulsions (SPC, SPC/CMC-sim, SPC/CMC-seq SPC/MC-sim, SPC/MC-seq) were prepared in vitro. The presence of CMC and MC, and the stage of incorporation affected the emulsion microstructure. In the SPC emulsion, lipid droplets were entrapped by a protein layer that was thicker when MC was added, providing greater resistance against environmental stresses during gastrointestinal digestion. At 37 °C, CMC incorporation produced a structural reinforcement of the SPC emulsion, whereas MC addition did not affect the network rigidity, although a delaying effect on the crossover temperature was observed, which was more evident in SPC/MC–seq. The presence and stage of CMC and MC incorporation affected the rate and extent of lipolysis, with SPC/MC-seq presenting an inferior concentration of free fatty acids. The lower extent of lipolysis observed in SPC/MC-seq may be positive in the manufacture of animal fat products in which reduced fatty acid absorption is intended.
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Langmeyer, Alexandra N., Claudia Recksiedler, Christine Entleitner-Phleps, and Sabine Walper. "Post-Separation Physical Custody Arrangements in Germany: Examining Sociodemographic Correlates, Parental Coparenting, and Child Adjustment." Social Sciences 11, no. 3 (March 9, 2022): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci11030114.
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Most children continue to live with their mother after a divorce or separation, yet paternal involvement in post-separation families has increased substantially in many Western nations. This shift has contributed to a growing share and more diverse set of post-separation parents opting for shared physical custody (SPC), which typically means that children alternate between the parental residences for substantive amounts of time. Profiling the case of Germany, where no legal regulations facilitating SPC are implemented to date, we examine the prevalence of SPC families, sociodemographic correlates of SPC, and its associations with parental coparenting and child adjustment. Using representative survey data sampled in 2019 (N = 800 minors of 509 separated parents), results revealed that only 6–8% of children practiced SPC. SPC parents were more likely to hold tertiary levels of schooling and to report a better coparenting relationship with the other parent. There was no link between SPC and child adjustment, yet conflictual coparenting was linked to higher levels of hyperactivity among SPC children. We conclude that the social selection into SPC and linkages between conflictual coparenting and hyperactivity among SPC children likely stem from the higher costs and the constant level of communication between the ex-partners that SPC requires.
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Abdul Halim Lim, Sarina, Jiju Antony, Zhen He, and Norin Arshed. "Critical observations on the statistical process control implementation in the UK food industry." International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management 34, no. 5 (May 2, 2017): 684–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijqrm-03-2015-0035.
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Purpose Statistical process control (SPC) is widely applied for control and improve processes in manufacturing, but very few studies have reported on the successful application of SPC in the food industry, in particular. The purpose of this paper is to critically assess the status of SPC in the UK food manufacturing industry and to suggest future research avenues. Design/methodology/approach A research project was carried out in the UK food manufacturing sector through questionnaires. The results of the study were analysed using descriptive statistics and statistical tests to be applied in the hypothesis testing. Findings Findings revealed that 45 per cent of the respondents are SPC users and x ¯ -R and x ¯ -S charts are the most commonly applied SPC charts in this industry. It was determined that top management commitment is the most critical factor, while lack of SPC training is the most alarming challenge, and lack of awareness of SPC and its benefits are the main reasons for the food companies not implementing SPC. Research limitations/implications The study considered only the food manufacturing companies. Future research could be addressed toward the food service and food supply chain. Practical implications The paper provides information to food companies in the UK on most common practiced and important quality tools, SPC charts and critical success factors in the food industry. Moreover, the most challenging factors of SPC implementation in the food industry are presented. Originality/value This study depicted the current state of SPC practices in the food industry and the process performance in SPC and non-SPC companies is compared.
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Morgan, Michael Kerin, Markus Karl Hermann Wiedmann, Nazih N. A. Assaad, Michael J. A. Parr, and Gillian Z. Heller. "Deliberate employment of postoperative hypotension for brain arteriovenous malformation surgery and the incidence of delayed postoperative hemorrhage: a prospective cohort study." Journal of Neurosurgery 127, no. 5 (November 2017): 1025–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2016.9.jns161333.
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OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to examine the impact of deliberate employment of postoperative hypotension on delayed postoperative hemorrhage (DPH) for all Spetzler-Ponce Class (SPC) C brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) and SPC B bAVMs ≥ 3.5 cm in diameter (SPC B 3.5+).METHODSA protocol of deliberate employment of postoperative hypotension was introduced in June 1997 for all SPC C and SPC B 3.5+ bAVMs. The aim was to achieve a maximum mean arterial blood pressure (BP) ≤ 70 mm Hg (with cerebral perfusion pressure > 50 mm Hg) for a minimum of 7 days after resection of bAVMs (BP protocol). The authors compared patients who experienced DPH (defined as brain hemorrhage into the resection bed that resulted in a new neurological deficit or that resulted in reoperation during the hospitalization for microsurgical bAVM resection) between 2 periods (prior to adopting the BP protocol and after introduction of the BP protocol) and 4 bAVM categories (SPC A, SPC B 3.5− [that is, SPC B < 3.5 cm maximum diameter], SPC B 3.5+, and SPC C). Patients excluded from treatment by the BP protocol were managed in the intensive care unit to avoid moderate hypertensive episodes. The pooled cases of all bAVM treated by surgery were analyzed to identify characteristics associated with the risk of DPH. These identified characteristics were then examined by multiple logistic regression analysis in both SPC B 3.5+ and SPC C cases.RESULTSFrom a cohort of 641 bAVMs treated by microsurgery, 32 patients with DPH were identified. Of those, 66% (95% CI 48–80) had a permanent new neurological deficit with a modified Rankin Scale score of 2–6. This included a mortality rate of 13% (95% CI 4.4–29). The BP protocol was used to treat 162 patients with either SPC B 3.5+ or SPC C. For SPC B 3.5+, there was no significant reduction in DPH with the introduction of the BP protocol (p = 0.77). For SPC C, there was a significant (p = 0.035) reduction of DPH from 29% (95% CI 13%–53%) to 8.2% (95% CI 3.2%–18%) associated with the introduction of the BP protocol. Multiple logistic regression analysis found that the absence of the BP protocol (p = 0.011, odds ratio 7.5, 95% CI 1.6–36) remained significant for the development of DPH in patients with SPC C bAVMs.CONCLUSIONSTreating patients with SPC C bAVMs with a protocol that lowers BP immediately after resection seems to reduce the risk of DPH. For SPC A and SPC B 3.5− bAVMs, there is unlikely to be a need to do more than avoid postoperative hypertension. For SPC B 3.5+ bAVMs, a larger number of patients would be required to test the absence of benefit of the BP protocol.
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Secunda, Katharine E., Kristyn A. Krolikowski, Madeline F. Savage, and Jacqueline M. Kruser. "Evaluation of automated specialty palliative care in the intensive care unit: A retrospective cohort study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 11, 2021): e0255989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255989.
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Introduction Automated specialty palliative care consultation (SPC) has been proposed as an intervention to improve patient-centered care in the intensive care unit (ICU). Existing automated SPC trigger criteria are designed to identify patients at highest risk of in-hospital death. We sought to evaluate common mortality-based SPC triggers and determine whether these triggers reflect actual use of SPC consultation. We additionally aimed to characterize the population of patients who receive SPC without meeting mortality-based triggers. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all adult ICU admissions from 2012–2017 at an academic medical center with five subspecialty ICUs to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the five most common SPC triggers for predicting receipt of SPC. Among ICU admissions receiving SPC, we assessed differences in patients who met any SPC trigger compared to those who met none. Results Of 48,744 eligible admissions, 1,965 (4.03%) received SPC; 979 (49.82%) of consultations met at least 1 trigger. The sensitivity and specificity for any trigger predicting SPC was 49.82% and 79.61%, respectively. Patients who met no triggers but received SPC were younger (62.71 years vs 66.58 years, mean difference (MD) 3.87 years (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.44–5.30) p<0.001), had longer ICU length of stay (11.43 days vs 8.42 days, MD -3.01 days (95% CI -4.30 –-1.72) p<0.001), and had a lower rate of in-hospital death (48.68% vs 58.12%, p<0.001). Conclusion Mortality-based triggers for specialty palliative care poorly reflect actual use of SPC in the ICU. Reliance on such triggers may unintentionally overlook an important population of patients with clinician-identified palliative care needs.
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&NA;. "SPC 3." Drugs in R & D 2, no. 5 (February 1999): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00126839-199902050-00018.
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Najar, Lamia. "Le SPC." Revue Française de Gestion Industrielle 10, no. 3 (September 1, 1991): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.53102/1991.10.03.1099.
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Sun, Yaojun, Shengru Yang, Guanglei Li, and Mengxing Li. "Preparation of starch phosphate carbamides and its application for improvement of noodle quality." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 37, No. 6 (December 31, 2019): 456–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/159/2019-cjfs.
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Phosphorylated corn starch derivatives show improved pasting properties compared to native corn starch. In this study, starch phosphate carbamides (SPC) were prepared through a dry process reaction of starch with urea and phosphate salts. The effects of major factors on SPC pasting properties were studied by response surface methodology. Validation results showed that the polynomial quadratic models were adequate for predicting SPC pasting properties. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and a Rapid Visco Analyzer (RVA) were used to characterize SPC. RVA results showed SPC had higher peak viscosity, trough, breakdown, setback and final viscosities and lower gelatinization temperature compared to native starch. FTIR showed the characteristic absorption of the ester phosphate group in SPC at 1244/cm. SPC with high viscosity stability were applied to replace part of wheat flour used for making noodles. The best quality noodles were obtained with 12% SPC substitution.
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Yang, Yanxiao, Qinhong Jiang, Min Peng, Ziyi Zhou, Xiangge Du, Meizhen Yin, Jie Shen, and Shuo Yan. "A Star Polyamine-Based Nanocarrier Delivery System for Enhanced Avermectin Contact and Stomach Toxicity against Green Peach Aphids." Nanomaterials 12, no. 9 (April 23, 2022): 1445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12091445.
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The unscientific application of synthesized/botanical pesticides has not only brought the resistance of plant pathogens and pests, but also led to serious environmental pollution. In recent years, various nano-delivery systems have been used for the development of environmental-friendly pesticides with improved efficacy. Herein, the current study constructed an efficient avermectin B1a (AVM) nano-delivery system based on a star polyamine (SPc) and focused on the characterization and bioactivity of SPc-loaded AVM at various mass ratios. The hydroxyl groups of AVM could assemble with carbonyl groups of SPc through hydrogen bond and van der Waals forces, and the self-assembly of AVM and SPc formed nearly spherical particles of AVM/SPc complex with nanoscale size. The contact angle of SPc-loaded AVM decreased with the increasing mass ratio of SPc, revealing the easier distribution and spreading of the AVM/SPc complex. Furthermore, the stomach and contact toxicity of AVM/SPc complex also increased along with the increasing SPc mass ratio, which could be attributed to the enhanced systemic transportation in plants, enlarged contact area to insect pests and stronger permeability across the insect cuticle. The current study provides an efficient nano-delivery system for increasing stomach and contact toxicity of pesticides with wide applications in the agricultural field.
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Wu, Yi-No, Kuo-Chiang Chen, Chun-Hou Liao, Chien-Liang Liu, and Han-Sun Chiang. "Smooth Muscle Progenitor Cells Preserve the Erectile Function by Reducing Corporal Smooth Muscle Cell Apoptosis after Bilateral Cavernous Nerve Crush Injury in Rats." BioMed Research International 2019 (November 16, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8520523.
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Radical prostatectomy causes erectile dysfunction (ED) and irreversible morphologic changes, including induction of endothelial and smooth muscle cell (SMC) apoptosis in the corpus cavernosum (CC). The injection of smooth muscle progenitor cells (SPCs) thickens the vascular intima and has demonstrated therapeutic benefit in cardiovascular disease animal. Herein, we investigated the effect of SPCs on the recovery of erectile function (EF) in rat models with bilateral cavernous nerve (CN) injury. Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into sham, vehicle only, or SPC treatment groups. Rats in the SPC treatment and vehicle groups were subjected to bilateral CN injury before intracavernosal injection. Intracavernosal injections of SPCs increased all EF parameters at day 28 after injury and simultaneously reduced apoptosis of the SMCs. Ultrastructural analysis revealed that SPCs maintained the integrity of the CC by preserving the structure of the adherens junctions. Tracking transplanted SPCs labeled with EdU showed that transplanted SPCs remained in the CC 28 days after treatment. Intracavernosal SPC injection restored EF after bilateral CN injury by reducing SMC apoptosis, which favored the maintenance of the structure of adherens junctions and regulated the stability of corporal vessels. These findings demonstrate the therapeutic potential of SPCs for treating ED in humans.
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Fliedner, Monica C., Monika Hagemann, Steffen Eychmüller, Cynthia King, Christa Lohrmann, Ruud J. G. Halfens, and Jos M. G. A. Schols. "Does Time for (in)Direct Nursing Care Activities at the End of Life for Patients With or Without Specialized Palliative Care in a University Hospital Differ? A Retrospective Analysis." American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine® 37, no. 10 (March 17, 2020): 844–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049909120905779.
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Background: Nurses’ end of life (EoL) care focuses on direct (eg, physical) and indirect (e,g, coordination) care. Little is known about how much time nurses actually devote to these activities and if activities change due to support by specialized palliative care (SPC) in hospitalized patients. Aims: (1) Comparing care time for EoL patients receiving SPC to usual palliative care (UPC);(2) Comparing time spent for direct/indirect care in the SPC group before and after SPC. Methods: Retrospective observational study; nursing care time for EoL patients based on tacs® data using nonparametric and parametric tests. The Swiss data method tacs measures (in)direct nursing care time for monitoring and cost analyses. Results: Analysis of tacs® data (UPC, n = 642; SPC, n = 104) during hospitalization before death in 2015. Overall, SPC patients had higher tacs® than UPC patients by 40 direct (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.7-75, P = .023) and 14 indirect tacs® (95% CI: 6.0-23, P < .001). No difference for tacs® by day, as SPC patients were treated for a longer time (mean number of days 7.2 vs 16, P < .001).Subanalysis for SPC patients showed increased direct care time on the day of and after SPC ( P < .001), whereas indirect care time increased only on the day of SPC. Conclusions: This study gives insight into nurses’ time for (in)direct care activities with/without SPC before death. The higher (in)direct nursing care time in SPC patients compared to UPC may reflect higher complexity. Consensus-based measurements to monitor nurses’ care activities may be helpful for benchmarking or reimbursement analysis.
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Wrisberg, Craig A., Lauren A. Loberg, Duncan Simpson, Jenny L. Withycombe, and Ann Reed. "An Exploratory Investigation of NCAA Division-I Coaches’ Support of Sport Psychology Consultants and Willingness to Seek Mental Training Services." Sport Psychologist 24, no. 4 (December 2010): 489–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.24.4.489.
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In this study NCAA Division I coaches (n = 815) completed a Web-based survey assessing their willingness to encourage athletes to see a sport psychology consultant (SPC), their support of possible roles for a SPC at their institution and, for coaches with current access to a SPC at their institutions, their willingness to seek mental training services for a variety of purposes. The results indicated that coaches were more willing to encourage their athletes to see a SPC for performance issues than for personal concerns and were more supportive of making mental training services available to athletes and including a SPC among athletic department staff than allowing a SPC to be present at practices and competitions. Coaches with current access to a SPC were primarily interested in mental training for performance enhancement purposes and were more willing to seek the services if they had more frequent contact with the SPC and perceived the SPC to be effective. These findings extend previous research on athletes’ and coaches’ receptivity to mental training and provide several important insights for SPCs working with athletic personnel at the NCAA Division I level.
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Afnabi, Raoul Bakari, Jean Jacques Nenba Sambo, Moctar Mohamed Mouliom Mouiche, and Rodrigue Simonet Poueme Namegni. "Hazard assessment of Staphylococcus with positive coagulase in meat produced and distributed in the Northern regions of Cameroon." March-2019 12, no. 3 (March 2019): 466–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2019.466-471.
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Aim: Staphylococcus with positive coagulase (SPC) is a major problem for beef consumers in the northern part of Cameroon. For this purpose, the SPC concentrations in beef produced and supplied in the northern regions were determined, as well as the resistance profile of these bacteria to antibiotics. Materials and Methods: A total of 125 samples were obtained by the wet and dry swabbing method in traditional slaughterhouses and butcheries to evaluate the SPC concentration in meat, and then, 102 SPC isolations were collected to determine the antibiotic resistance profile. Results: The distribution of concentration of the SPC indicated no significant differences of bacterial evidence in almost all the slaughterhouses except the one in Manwi (with 2.66 log CFU/cm2) and the density in SPC is higher than that one in Guider (1.99 log CFU/cm2). The assessment of density in SPC among the selected slaughterhouse highlighted a superiority of the SPC concentrations in the Ngaoundere butcheries (3.83 log CFU/cm2) in comparison with those of other towns. At the level of the slaughterhouses, a higher proportion of resistance to Penicillin G was recorded than Gentamicin. Some butcheries recorded that all SPC reacted to Kanamycin, whereas they were more resistant to Penicillin G. Conclusion: These results reveal that the SPC found in meat poses a threat to meat consumers in the northern part of Cameroon.
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Collatuzzo, Giulia, Margherita Ferrante, Antonella Ippolito, Alessia Di Prima, Cristina Colarossi, Salvatore Scarpulla, Paolo Boffetta, and Salvatore Sciacca. "Second Primary Cancers following Colorectal Cancer in Sicily, Italy." Cancers 14, no. 21 (October 24, 2022): 5204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14215204.
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Background: Cancer survivors are at risk of developing second primary cancers (SPC). We investigated the risk of SPC in colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors in Sicily, Southern Italy. Methods: We analyzed data from the Eastern Sicily cancer registry covering 2.5 million people diagnosed and followed up between 2003 and 2017. We calculated the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of SPC overall and by cancer type, using the general Sicily population rates as reference. Results: A total of 19,040 cases of CRC and 1453 cases of SPC were included in the analysis. Mean age of occurrence of SPC was 68.1. The SIR for any SPC was 1.11 (95% CI 1.05–1.17); it was higher in women (1.18; 95% CI 1.08–1.29) than in men (1.07; 95% CI 0.97–1.14, p-value of difference 0.07). The SIR was increased for SPC from the ovary (SIR 2.01; 95% CI 1.33–2.95), kidney (SIR 2.00; 95% CI 1.54–2.56), endometrium (SIR 1.94; 95% CI 1.45–2.54), bladder (SIR 1.22, 95% CI 1.04–1.43) and stomach (1.29; 95% CI 0.98–1.66). The SIR for CRC as SPC was 0.84 (95% CI 0.70–1.01). No increased incidence was found for lung, prostate, breast, thyroid and liver cancer. The SIR for SPC overall and several cancers decreased with time of follow-up. Conclusions: In this population, CRC survivors have an 11% higher risk of developing a SPC than the general population, particularly cancers of the ovary, kidney, endometrium, bladder and stomach. Follow-up for SPC is required, especially during the first 5 years from CRC diagnosis.
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Jäger, Eva Maria, Martin Filipits, Anna Glechner, Elisabeth Zwickl-Traxler, Gabriele Schmoranzer, Martin Pecherstorfer, and Gudrun Kreye. "Retrospective analysis of the prevalence of specialised palliative care services for patients with metastatic breast cancer." ESMO Open 5, no. 5 (September 2020): e000905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/esmoopen-2020-000905.
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BackgroundPatients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) have a considerable symptom burden and may require extensive care for a long period of time. Palliative care (PC) has the potential to improve their quality of care and reduce their use of medical services. However, the role of specialised PC (SPC) in patients with MBC remains unclear.Patients and methodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of the medical records of patients diagnosed with breast cancer (BC) from 2008 to 2018 at an university-based referral centre to examine the extent of early and late integration of SPC services for patients with MBC. A descriptive analysis of the patients was also established.ResultsIn all, 932 patients were diagnosed with BC from 2008 to 2018; 225 of these patients had or developed metastases related to their BC. In addition, 132 patients received SPC (58.7%) and 93 patients did not receive SPC (41.3%). The median probability of overall survival (OS) for patients who did not receive SPC services was 3.6 years (95% CI 2.0 to 5.1) and 1.8 years (95% CI 1.3 to 2.3) (p<0.0001) for patients who did receive SPC. In multivariate analysis, referral to SPC services was independently associated with OS (HR 1.60, 95% CI 1.16 to 2.22, p=0.004).ConclusionPatients who received SPC lived significantly shorter amounts of time than patients not referred for SPC services at our hospital. We concluded that the referral to SPC services was often too late and should be implemented earlier in the course of the disease. We suggest that patients with MBC should participate in a consultation by a SPC team ≤60 days after the start of systemic palliative anticancer therapy in addition to endocrine treatment. Larger prospective studies are needed to evaluate the benefit of the early integration of SPC services for patients with MBC.
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Shah, Anand, Pranav Gwalani, Rajvi Gor, DHAIRYA GOR, Abiram Sivanandam, and Anupama Hooda Nehra. "Beyond the initial diagnosis: Epidemiological factors associated with second primary cancers among patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (a SEER-based study)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 42, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2024): 6081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2024.42.16_suppl.6081.
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6081 Background: Patients with Head and Neck cancer squamous cell carcinoma (HNSSC) have an increased risk of developing a Second Primary Cancer (SPC). We evaluated the epidemiological factors associated with SPC among patients with Stage 1-4 HNSCC using the SEER database from 2004-2020. Methods: Stage 1-4 HNSSC cases from 2004-2020, with a minimum of six months of follow-up, were identified using SEER.Stat 8.4.2 using ICD-10 CM codes. Adjusted odd’s ratios (aOR) for developing SPC (dependent variable) and the independent variables (sex, age, race and ethnicity, site of primary cancer, and marital status) were generated using multivariate logistic regression. All the analyses were performed on SAS OnDemand. Results: 127,919 cases of HNSCC were identified from 2004-2020. Oral cavity cancer accounted for 41.2% of the cases. 18,192 (14.2%) patients developed SPC. Patients with primary hypopharynx, laryngeal, and oral cavity cancer had the highest odds of developing SPC (p< 0.0001). The most prevalent sites for developing SPC were the lung (25.0%), head and neck (24.1%), and prostate (10.6 %). Males had significantly higher odds of developing SPC than females (aOR - 1.11 (1.07, 1.5)). When compared to the NH-white population, Hispanics and NH-Asian had significantly lower odds of developing SPC (aOR - 0.72 (0.68, 0.77) and 0.72 (0.68, 0.78) respectively), while NH-Blacks had higher odds of developing SPC (aOR - 1.1(1.01,1.23)). Conclusions: Our study emphasizes the substantial risk of SPC in HNSCC patients, with oral cavity cancer as the predominant primary cancer subtype. Specific HNSCC sites show elevated SPC odds, mainly primary hypopharyngeal cancer, emphasizing the need for targeted surveillance. Demographic variations reveal gender and racial disparities in SPC susceptibility, advocating for tailored monitoring and preventive strategies in high-risk subpopulations to enhance overall cancer care and survivorship. [Table: see text]
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Azoba, Chinenye, and Kala Visvanathan. "34 Use of health services and cancer screening among immigrant cancer survivors with second primary cancer." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 8, s1 (April 2024): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2024.51.
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OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Due to clinical advances, cancer survivors are living longer but have an increased risk of a second primary cancer (SPC). This cross-sectional study aims to examine SPC prevalence in immigrant women and compare healthcare use (HCU) and cancer screening in immigrants with SPC versus (1) immigrants with a single cancer and (2) US-born women with SPC. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The study population will include adult women with breast/gynecologic primary cancer (PC) from the 2005, 2008, 2010, 2013, and 2015 National Health Interview Survey. First-generation immigrant or US-born status will be defined by region of birth. SPC includes diagnosis with a second cancer type ≥1 year after the initial PC diagnosis. We will compare the prevalence of ≥1 SPC in immigrant and US-born women. To evaluate HCU and cancer screening differences, we will assess sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors, risk behaviors, length of US residence, and citizenship status with descriptive statistics. In regression analyses, we will compare number of provider visits and cancer screening rates in immigrant women with SPC versus immigrants with PC alone and US-born women with SPC after matching by age and PC type. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Disparities in cancer diagnosis, quality of care, receipt of recommended treatment, and screening rates among immigrants in the US are well documented. Therefore, we hypothesize that immigrant cancer survivors will have similar or higher rates of SPC compared to women born in the US with variations based on health status. We further hypothesize that immigrants with SPC will report lower rates of HCU after diagnosis of their first cancer and cancer screening compared to US-born women. However, we expect that immigrants with SPC will report similar or higher rates of HCU and cancer screening compared to immigrant women with PC alone. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: To our knowledge, this study will be the first to describe SPC among immigrant cancer survivors in the US. This research will inform interventions to improve cancer care delivery and ultimately reduce SPC in immigrants with cancer.
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Li, Wei, and Reza Hakkak. "Soy Protein Concentrate Diets Inversely Affect LPS-Binding Protein Expression in Colon and Liver, Reduce Liver Inflammation, and Increase Fecal LPS Excretion in Obese Zucker Rats." Nutrients 16, no. 7 (March 28, 2024): 982. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu16070982.
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Dietary soy protein and soy isoflavones have anti-inflammatory properties. Previously, we reported that feeding soy protein concentrate diet (SPC) with low or high isoflavone (LIF or HIF) to young (seven-week-old) obese (fa/fa) Zucker rats inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS) translocation and decreases liver inflammation compared to a casein control (CAS) diet. The current study investigated whether SPC-LIF and SPC-HIF diets would reduce liver inflammation in adult obese Zucker rats fed a CAS diet. A total of 21 six-week-old male obese (fa/fa) Zucker rats were given CAS diet for 8 weeks to develop obesity then randomly assigned to CAS, SPC-LIF, or SPC-HIF (seven rats/group) diet for an additional 10 weeks. The expression of LPS-translocation, inflammation, and intestinal permeability markers were quantified by qPCR in liver, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and colon. LPS concentration was determined in both the colon content and fecal samples by a Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test. SPC-LIF and SPC-HIF diets significantly decreased liver LPS-binding protein (LBP) expression compared to CAS diet (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). SPC-HIF diet also significantly decreased liver MCP-1 and TNF-α expression (p < 0.05) and had a trend to decrease liver iNOS expression (p = 0.06). In the colon, SPC-HIF diet significantly increased LBP expression compared to CAS diet (p < 0.05). When samples from all three groups were combined, there was a negative correlation between colon LBP expression and liver LBP expression (p = 0.046). SPC diets did not alter the expression of intestinal permeability markers (i.e., occludin, claudin 3, and zonula occludens-1) in the colon or inflammation markers (i.e., TNF-α and iNOS) in VAT or the colon. LPS levels in the colon content did not differ between any groups. Fecal LPS levels were significantly higher in the SPC-LIF and SPC-HIF groups compared to the CAS group (p < 0.01). In conclusion, SPC, particularly SPC with HIF, reduces liver LBP expression and inflammation makers (i.e., TNF-α and MCP-1 expression) in adult obese Zucker rats, likely by reducing LPS translocation.
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Zhao, Dong Mei, and Xue Peng Liu. "The Research of Active Carbon on the Application of N-propyl Alcohol Reaction in Chemical Engineering." Advanced Materials Research 577 (October 2012): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.577.85.
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The sulfonated Petroleum coke is used to synthesize n-propyl alcohol(N-PROPYL ALCOHOL) by hydration of ethylene oxide(EO) in chemical engineering and the catalyst of sulfonated Petroleum coke (SPC) is studied. The effect of reactive temperature on the activity of SPC is greatest when reactive temperature goes up，the activity of SPC is quickly enhanced，but when temperature exceeds a certain range, the activity of SPC will reduce; And the activity of SPC will become stronger along with reactive pressure rise，when pressure exceeds a certain value，selectivity of N-PROPYL ALCOHOL will decrease; Also，increasing airspeed will weaken the activity of SPC. The conversion rate of EO reaches 98-100%
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BETTO, Romeo, Alessandra TERESI, Federica TURCATO, Giovanni SALVIATI, Roger A. SABBADINI, Kevin KROWN, Chris C. GLEMBOTSKI, et al. "Sphingosylphosphocholine modulates the ryanodine receptor/calcium-release channel of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes." Biochemical Journal 322, no. 1 (February 15, 1997): 327–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3220327.
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Sphingosylphosphocholine (SPC) modulates Ca2+ release from isolated cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes; 50 ƁM SPC induces the release of 70Ő80% of the accumulated calcium. SPC releases calcium from cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum through the ryanodine receptor, since the release is inhibited by the ryanodine receptor channel antagonists ryanodine, Ruthenium Red and sphingosine. In intact cardiac myocytes, even in the absence of extracellular calcium, SPC causes a rise in diastolic Ca2+, which is greatly reduced when the sarcoplasmic reticulum is depleted of Ca2+ by prior thapsigargin treatment. SPC action on the ryanodine receptor is Ca2+-dependent. SPC shifts to the left the Ca2+-dependence of [3H]ryanodine binding, but only at high pCa values, suggesting that SPC might increase the sensitivity to calcium of the Ca2+-induced Ca2+-release mechanism. At high calcium concentrations (pCa 4.0 or lower), where [3H]ryanodine binding is maximally stimulated, no effect of SPC is observed. We conclude that SPC releases calcium from cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes by activating the ryanodine receptor and possibly another intracellular Ca2+-release channel, the sphingolipid Ca2+-release-mediating protein of endoplasmic reticulum (SCaMPER) [Mao, Kim, Almenoff, Rudner, Kearney and Kindman (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A 93, 1993Ő1996], which we have identified for the first time in cardiac tissue.
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Edwards, Stephen J., and Mark D. Sachmann. "No-Suicide Contracts, No-Suicide Agreements, and No-Suicide Assurances." Crisis 31, no. 6 (November 2010): 290–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000048.
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Background: Suicide prevention contracting (SPC) procedures are often afforded clinical practice validity in the absence of evidence attesting to their efficacy and validity. Aims: This study sought to develop a contemporary profile of SPC, identifying factors associated with utilization, perceived effectiveness, and to describe potentially detrimental factors when activating SPC. Methods: A questionnaire was mailed to a sample of mental health practitioners comprising physicians, mental health nurse practitioners, and allied health practitioners to inquire about their practices and experiences with SPC. Results: There were 420 valid responses, a response rate of 31%. Participants confirmed three types of SPC procedures in operation: (1) 355 (85%) having used verbal no-suicide assurances (NSAs); (2) 317 (76%) using verbal no-suicide agreements (NSAg); and, (3) 154 (37%) using written no-suicide contracts (NSC). The profiled procedures and their clinical application indicate that participants perceived differences in the diagnostic, therapeutic, and medico-legal utility of all three SPC procedures. Importantly, SPC procedures were shown to have a multifaceted potential for detrimental outcomes for patients and practitioners. Conclusions: Until now, SPC had represented a poorly understood and remains a questionable clinical practice intervention. Education initiatives are required that alert mental health practitioners to the dangers of SPC for patients and practitioners alike, and to present alternative interventions containing less risk.
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Johansson, Ewa, Mohamed Al-Olama, Hans-Arne Hansson, Stefan Lange, and Eva Jennische. "Diet-induced antisecretory factor prevents intracranial hypertension in a dosage-dependent manner." British Journal of Nutrition 109, no. 12 (November 13, 2012): 2247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114512004552.
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Intake of specially processed cereal (SPC) stimulates endogenous antisecretory factor (AF) activity, and SPC intake has proven to be beneficial for a number of clinical conditions. The aim of the present study was to investigate the dosage relationship between SPC intake and plasma AF activity and to further correlate achieved AF levels to a biological effect. SPC was fed to rats in concentrations of 5, 10 or 15 % for 2 weeks. A further group was fed 5 % SPC for 4 weeks. AF activity and the complement factors C3c and factor H were analysed in plasma after the feeding period. Groups of rats fed the various SPC concentrations were subjected to a standardised freezing brain injury, known to induce increases in intracranial pressure (ICP). The AF activity in plasma increased after intake of SPC, in a dosage- and time-dependent manner. The complement factors C3c and factor H increased in a time-dependent manner. Measurements of ICP in animals fed with SPC prior to the brain injury showed that the ICP was significantly lower, compared with that of injured rats fed with a standard feed, and that the change was dose and time dependent. AF activity increases, in a dosage- and time-dependent manner, after intake of SPC. The inverse relationship between ICP after a head injury and the percentage of SPC in the feed indicate that the protective effect is, to a large extent, due to AF.
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Huo, Jinhai, Young-Rock Hong, Kea Turner, Vakaramoko Diaby, Cheng Chen, Jiang Bian, Reetu Grewal, and Diana J. Wilkie. "Timing, Costs, and Survival Outcome of Specialty Palliative Care in Medicare Beneficiaries With Metastatic Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer." JCO Oncology Practice 16, no. 12 (December 2020): e1532-e1542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/op.20.00298.
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PURPOSE: ASCO recommends early integration of palliative care in treating patients diagnosed with metastatic lung cancer. Our study sought to examine utilization of timely specialty palliative care (SPC) and its association with survival and cost outcomes in patients diagnosed with metastatic non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: The 2001-2015 SEER-Medicare data were used to determine the baseline characteristics and outcomes of 79,253 patients with metastatic NSCLC. The predictors of early SPC use were examined using logistic regression. Mean and adjusted total and SPC-related costs were calculated using generalized linear regression. We used Cox regression model to determine the survival outcomes by SPC service settings. All statistical tests were two sided. RESULTS: The time from cancer diagnosis to the first SPC use has reduced significantly, from 13.7 weeks in 2001 to 8.3 weeks in 2015 ( P < .001). SPC use was associated with lower health care costs compared with those who had no SPC, from −$3,180 in 2011 ( P < .001) to −$1,285 in 2015 ( P = .059). Outpatient SPC use was associated with improved survival compared with patients who received SPC in other settings (hazard ratio, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.79 to 0.88; P < .001). CONCLUSION: Patients diagnosed with metastatic NSCLC now have more timely SPC service utilization, which was demonstrated to be a cost-saving treatment. Strategies to improve outpatient palliative care use might be associated with longer survival in patients with metastatic NSCLC.
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Herzog, Christine, Martina Schmitz, Bodo Levkau, Ilka Herrgott, Jan Mersmann, Jan Larmann, Kai Johanning, et al. "Intravenous Sphingosylphosphorylcholine Protects Ischemic and Postischemic Myocardial Tissue in a Mouse Model of Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury." Mediators of Inflammation 2010 (2010): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/425191.
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HDL, through sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), exerts direct cardioprotective effects on ischemic myocardium. It remains unclear whether other HDL-associated sphingophospholipids have similar effects. We therefore examined if HDL-associated sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC) reduces infarct size in a mouse model of transient myocardial ischemia/reperfusion. Intravenously administered SPC dose-dependently reduced infarct size after 30 minutes of myocardial ischemia and 24 hours reperfusion compared to controls. Infarct size was also reduced by postischemic, therapeutical administration of SPC. Immunohistochemistry revealed reduced polymorphonuclear neutrophil recruitment to the infarcted area after SPC treatment, and apoptosis was attenuated as measured by TUNEL.In vitro, SPC inhibited leukocyte adhesion to TNFα-activated endothelial cells and protected rat neonatal cardiomyocytes from apoptosis. S1P3was identified as the lysophospholipid receptor mediating the cardioprotection by SPC, since its effect was completely absent in S1P3-deficient mice. We conclude that HDL-associated SPC directly protects against myocardial reperfusion injuryin vivovia the S1P3receptor.
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Lai, Haoqiang, Jiaxin Du, Cuiying Zhou, and Zhen Liu. "Experimental Study on Ecological Performance Improvement of Sprayed Planting Concrete Based on the Addition of Polymer Composite Material." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19 (September 25, 2022): 12121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912121.
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Sprayed planting concrete (SPC) can be used for the ecological restoration of rocky steep slopes. It is a kind of outside-soil material with excellent soil and slope stabilization performance, and plants can grow in SPC, thus achieving harmony between engineering stability and ecological restoration and improving the landscape and ecosystem. The addition of cement is the key to allowing SPC to achieve slope stabilization and prevent soil erosion. However, the addition of cement can cause SPC to have high alkalinity, overheating (cement generates hydration heat), and excessive hardening, which are not conducive to the growth of plants and can lead to poor ecological performance of SPC for slope ecological restoration. We studied the improvement of the ecological performance of SPC by using a polymer composite material composed of a polymer adhesive material and a polymer water-retaining material. This paper studied the improvement effects of the polymer composite material on the ecological performance of SPC used in slope ecological restoration through a laboratory erosion resistance test and a plant growth test. The results showed that SPC with the addition of polymer composite material can reduce its cement content by about 50% while still retaining excellent erosion resistance performance when it is used in slope ecological restoration. Additionally, the plant germination rates and plant heights when using the SPC improved by polymer composite material were increased by 190% and 110%, respectively. These results show that polymer composite material can significantly improve the ecological performance of SPC and effectively improve its slope ecological restoration effects. This study provides theoretical and technical support for the application of SPC in ecological restoration on rocky steep slopes.
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Wentlandt, Kirsten, Monika K. Krzyzanowska, Nadia Swami, Gary M. Rodin, Lisa W. Le, and Camilla Zimmermann. "Referral Practices of Oncologists to Specialized Palliative Care." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 35 (December 10, 2012): 4380–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.44.0248.
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Purpose To describe current referral practices of oncologists to specialized palliative care (SPC) and define demographic characteristics, practice situations, and opinions associated with referral. Methods Physician members of the Canadian Association of Medical Oncologists, Canadian Association of Radiation Oncologists, and Canadian Society of Surgical Oncology were invited to participate in an anonymous survey assessing SPC referral practices. Participants received two e-mailed and two mailed invitations. Results The response rate was 72% (603 of 839 physicians); 37% were medical oncologists/hematologists, 50% were radiation oncologists, and 12% were surgical oncologists. Ninety-four percent reported that SPC was available to them, but only 37% reported that these services accepted patients on chemotherapy. Eighty-four percent referred terminally ill patients usually/always, but generally for uncontrolled symptoms or discharge planning late in the disease course. One third would refer to SPC earlier if it was renamed supportive care. Predictors of higher referral frequency included comprehensiveness of available SPC services (P = .004), satisfaction with SPC availability (P < .001), SPC acceptance of patients receiving chemotherapy (P < .001), and oncologist ease with referring patients to a palliative care service before they were close to death (P < .001). Controlling for specialty, predictors of referral at diagnosis or during chemotherapy, rather than later, included satisfaction with SPC service availability (P < .001) and SPC service acceptance of patients on chemotherapy (P < .001). Conclusion Oncologists referred patients frequently to SPC, but generally late in the disease course for patients with uncontrolled symptoms. Availability of comprehensive SPC, especially for patients receiving chemotherapy, and persisting definitional issues seem to be the main barriers preventing timely referral.
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Jahreiß, Marie-Christina, Luca Incrocci, Katja K. H. Aben, Kim C. De Vries, Mischa Hoogeman, Maartje J. Hooning, and Wilma D. Heemsberge. "The impact of baseline health factors on second primary cancer risk after radiotherapy for prostate cancer." Acta Oncologica 63 (June 30, 2024): 511–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2340/1651-226x.2024.24334.
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Purpose: In evaluating second primary cancers (SPCs) following External Beam Radiotherapy (EBRT), the role of lifestyle factors is frequently not considered due to data limitations. We investigated the association between smoking, comorbidities, and SPC risks within EBRT-treated patients for localized prostate cancer (PCa). Patients & Methods: The study included 1,883 PCa survivors aged 50–79, treated between 2006 and 2013, with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) or three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT). Clinical data were combined with SPC and survival data from the Netherlands Cancer Registry with a 12-month latency period. Standardized Incidence Ratios (SIRs) were calculated comparing the EBRT cohort with the general Dutch population. To explore the effect of patient and treatment characteristics on SPCs we conducted a Cox regression analysis. Lastly, we estimated cumulative incidences of developing solid SPC, pelvis SPC, and non-pelvis SPC using a competing risk analysis. Results: Significantly increased SIRs were observed for all SPC (SIR = 1.21, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08–1.34), pelvis SPC (SIR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.18–1.78), and non-pelvis SPC (SIR = 1.18, 95% CI [1.04–1.34]). Smoking status was significantly associated with pelvic and non-pelvic SPCs. Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) ≥ 1 (Hazard Ratio [HR] = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.10–1.91), cardiovascular disease (HR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.05–1.88), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (HR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.30–2.79) were significantly associated with non-pelvis SPC. The proportion of active smoking numbers in the cohort was similar to the general population. Interpretation: We conclude that the presence of comorbidities in the EBRT population might be a relevant factor in observed excess non-pelvis SPC risk, but not for excess pelvis SPC risk.
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Ganesh Kumar, J., K. Laha, and M. D. Mathew. "Small Punch Creep Testing Technique for Remnant Life Assessment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 739–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.739.
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Small punch creep (SPC) testing technique is a material non-intensive testing technique for evaluating creep behavior of materials using miniature specimens. It can be used for remnant life assessment (RLA) studies on components in service, by scooping out limited material for testing without impairing the strength of component. In order to ensure the reliability of use of SPC technique for RLA, it is necessary to establish sound database on SPC properties of the material before putting into service. In this investigation, SPC technique was used to evaluate creep properties of 316LN stainless steel using specimens of size 10 x 10 x 0.5 mm. SPC tests were conducted in load controlled mode at 923 K and at various loads. SPC curves clearly exhibited primary, secondary and tertiary creep stages. The minimum deflection rate increased and rupture life decreased with an increase in applied load. Like in conventional creep test results, the minimum deflection rate obeyed Norton’s power law and Monkman-Grant relationship. SPC test was correlated with corresponding conventional creep test. Good correlation was established between creep rupture life values evaluated from SPC tests and conventional creep tests.
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Li, Jinying, Aoxue Chen, Qingling Meng, Honghai Xue, and Baoling Yuan. "A Novel Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Percarbonate by Using N, N-Diethyl-P-Phenylenediamine as an Indicator and Its Application in Activated Percarbonate Degradation of Ibuprofen." Molecules 28, no. 23 (November 23, 2023): 7732. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28237732.
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Sodium percarbonate (SPC) concentration can be determined spectrophotometrically by using N, N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPD) as an indicator for the first time. The ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry absorbance of DPD•+ measured at 551 nm was used to indicate SPC concentration. The method had good linearity (R2 = 0.9995) under the optimized experimental conditions (pH value = 3.50, DPD = 4 mM, Fe2+ = 0.5 mM, and t = 4 min) when the concentration of SPC was in the range of 0–50 μM. The blank spiked recovery of SPC was 95–105%. The detection limit and quantitative limit were 0.7–1.0 μM and 2.5–3.3 μM, respectively. The absorbance values of DPD•+ remained stable within 4–20 min. The method was tolerant to natural water matrix and low concentration of hydroxylamine (<0.8 mM). The reaction stoichiometric efficiency of SPC-based advanced oxidation processes in the degradation of ibuprofen was assessed by the utilization rate of SPC. The DPD and the wastewater from the reaction were non-toxic to Escherichia coli. Therefore, the novel Fe2+/SPC-DPD spectrophotometry proposed in this work can be used for accurate and safe measurement of SPC in water.
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ORLATI, Silvia, Anna M. PORCELLI, Silvana HRELIA, Antonello LORENZINI, and Michela RUGOLO. "Intracellular calcium mobilization and phospholipid degradation in sphingosylphosphorylcholine-stimulated human airway epithelial cells." Biochemical Journal 334, no. 3 (September 15, 1998): 641–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3340641.
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Extracellular sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC) caused a remarkable elevation in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in immortalized human airway epithelial cells (CFNP9o-). An increase in total inositol phosphates formation was determined; however, the dose responses for [Ca2+]i elevation and inositol phosphates production were slightly different and, furthermore, PMA and pertussis toxin almost completely inhibited [Ca2+]i mobilization by SPC, whereas inositol phosphates production was only partially reduced. The possible direct interaction of SPC with Ca2+ channels of intracellular stores was determined by experiments with permeabilized cells, where SPC failed to evoke Ca2+ release, whereas lysophosphatidic acid was shown to be effective. The level of phosphatidic acid was increased by SPC only in the presence of AACOCF3, a specific inhibitor of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and blocked by both pertussis toxin and R59022, an inhibitor of diacylglycerol kinase. R59022 enhanced diacylglycerol production by SPC and also significantly reduced [Ca2+]i mobilization. Only polyunsaturated diacylglycerol and phosphatidic acid were generated by SPC. Lastly, SPC caused stimulation of arachidonic acid release, indicating the involvement of PLA2. Taken together, these data suggest that, after SPC stimulation, phospholipase C-derived diacylglycerol is phosphorylated by a diacylglycerol kinase to phosphatidic acid, which is further hydrolysed by PLA2 activity to arachidonic and lysophosphatidic acids. We propose that lysophosphatidic acid might be the intracellular messenger able to release Ca2+ from internal stores.
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Larregle, Andrés, Mayra Chalapud, Florencia Fangio, Emiliano M. Ciannamea, Pablo M. Stefani, Josefa F. Martucci, and Roxana A. Ruseckaite. "Antifungal Soybean Protein Concentrate Adhesive as Binder of Rice Husk Particleboards." Polymers 13, no. 20 (October 14, 2021): 3540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13203540.
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The aim of this research was to prepare an antifungal soybean protein concentrate (SPC) adhesive containing carvacrol (CRV) as a bioactive agent able to delay the attack of molds and yeast during storage of SPC adhesive at 4 °C as water-based systems. CRV was incorporated in SPC slurry at 0.5% v/v (~10 times its minimum inhibitory concentration against Aspergillus terreus, used as model fungus), to ensure its long-term action. CRV scarcely altered the thermal properties, structure and apparent viscosity of SPC adhesive. Active SPC aqueous dispersion was microbiologically stable for at least 30 days at 4 °C where the colonization begins, while control SPC was visually colonized from the second day. Rice husk (RH) particleboards of density ~900 kg/m3 were manufactured using the active SPC stored for 0, 10, 20, and 30 days as a binder. Modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture and internal bond of RH–control SPC (without CRV) panels were 12.3 MPa, 2.65 GPa and 0.27 MPa, respectively, and were statistically unaltered compared with those obtained with fresh SPC, regardless of the presence of CRV or the storage time. This last implies that active SPC should not necessarily have to be prepared daily and/or be used immediately after its preparation. Since it is microbiologically stabilized, it can be store at least for 30 days, ensuring the stability of the protein. The quality of the adhesive was evidenced by the consistent properties of the adhesive, expanding its potential use and commercialization.
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Gandesbery, Benjamin, Krista Dobbie, Emer Joyce, Laura Hoeksema, Silvia Perez Protto, and Eiran Z. Gorodeski. "Surgical Versus Medical Team Assignment and Secondary Palliative Care Services for Patients Dying in a Cardiac Hospital." American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine® 36, no. 4 (December 13, 2018): 316–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049909118819462.
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Background: Secondary palliative care (SPC) provides several benefits for patients with cardiovascular disease, but historically, it has been underutilized in this population. Prior research suggests a low rate of SPC consultation by surgical teams in general, but little is known about how surgical teams utilize SPC in the setting of severe cardiovascular disease. Aim: To determine if surgical team assignment affects the probability of SPC for inpatients dying of cardiovascular disease. Design: Retrospective, cohort study. Methods: We identified all inpatients at a large cardiac hospital who had anticipated death under the care of a cardiology, cardiac surgery, or vascular surgery team in 2016. Our primary outcome was referral to SPC, including palliative medicine consultation or inpatient hospice care. Informed by univariate analysis, we created a multivariable logistic regression model, the significance of which was assessed with the Wald test. Results: Two hundred thirty-seven patients were included in our analysis: 93 (39%) received SPC and 144 (61%) were “missed opportunities.” Secondary palliative care was less frequent in patients assigned to a surgical, versus medical, team (11% vs 47%, P < .001). On multivariate analysis, surgical versus medical team assignment was the strongest risk-adjusted predictor of SPC (odds ratio [OR]: 0.10, P < .001). Other predictors of SPC included do not resuscitate status on admission (OR: 14, P < .001), length of stay (OR = 1.05/day, P < .001), and having Medicare (OR = 3.9, P = .002). Conclusions: Primary inpatient care by a surgical team had a strong inverse relationship with SPC. This suggests a possible cultural barrier within surgical disciplines to SPC.
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Poole, Keith, Calvin Ho-Fung Lau, Christie Gilmour, Youai Hao, and Joseph S. Lam. "Polymyxin Susceptibility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Linked to the MexXY-OprM Multidrug Efflux System." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 59, no. 12 (September 14, 2015): 7276–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01785-15.
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ABSTRACTThe ribosome-targeting antimicrobial, spectinomycin (SPC), strongly induced themexXYgenes of the MexXY-OprM multidrug efflux system inPseudomonas aeruginosaand increased susceptibility to the polycationic antimicrobials polymyxin B and polymyxin E, concomitant with a decrease in expression of the polymyxin resistance-promoting lipopolysaccharide (LPS) modification loci,arnBCADTEFand PA4773-74. Consistent with the SPC-promoted reduction inarnand PA4773-74 expression being linked tomexXY, expression of these LPS modification loci was moderated in a mutant constitutively expressingmexXYand enhanced in a mutant lacking the efflux genes. Still, the SPC-mediated increase in polymyxin susceptibility was retained in mutants lackingarnBand/or PA4773-74, an indication that their reduced expression in SPC-treated cells does not explain the enhanced polymyxin susceptibility. That the polymyxin susceptibility of a mutant strain lackingmexXYwas unaffected by SPC exposure, however, was an indication that the unknown polymyxin resistance ‘mechanism’ is also influenced by the MexXY status of the cell. In agreement with SPC and MexXY influencing polymyxin susceptibility as a result of changes in the LPS target of these agents, SPC treatment yielded a decline in common polysaccharide antigen (CPA) synthesis in wild-typeP. aeruginosabut not in the ΔmexXYmutant. A mutant lacking CPA still showed the SPC-mediated decline in polymyxin MICs, however, indicating that the loss of CPA did not explain the SPC-mediated MexXY-dependent increase in polymyxin susceptibility. It is possible, therefore, that some additional change in LPS promoted by SPC-inducedmexXYexpression impacted CPA synthesis or its incorporation into LPS and that this was responsible for the observed changes in polymyxin susceptibility.
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Fan, Zhongxiong, Guihua Liu, Yang Li, Jinyuan Ma, Jinyan Lin, Fuqiang Guo, Zhenqing Hou, and Liya Xie. "Self-assembly of the active lactone form of a camptothecin–phospholipid complex for sustained nuclear drug delivery." RSC Advances 6, no. 86 (2016): 82949–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra17714j.
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Ullrich, Anneke, Svenja Wilde, Volkmar Müller, Marianne Sinn, Christoffer Gebhardt, Janna-Lisa Velthaus, Christina Gerlach, Carsten Bokemeyer, and Karin Oechsle. "Acceptance and Benefits of Two Different Strategies to Timely Integrate Specialist Palliative Care into Routine Cancer Care: A Randomized Pilot Study." Oncology Research and Treatment 45, no. 3 (November 24, 2021): 118–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000521077.
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<b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> The aim of this study is to investigate the acceptance and benefits of two different strategies to timely integrate specialist palliative care (SPC) in routine cancer care: commonly recommended early SPC counselling versus an informational brochure plus SPC counselling upon patients’ request. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Patients diagnosed with incurable cancer within the last 6–12 weeks were sequentially randomized. Endpoints were acceptance of the two strategies after 3 months as well as the use of SPC counselling and psychosocial support, presence of advance directives, palliative care outcome (Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale [IPOS]), and psychosocial distress (Distress Thermometer [DT]) after 3 and 6 months. In a qualitative part, SPC consultations were analyzed using a content analysis. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Overall, 43 patients received SPC counselling and 37 a brochure with SPC counselling on demand. In the brochure group, only one patient later registered for SPC counselling from own initiative. SPC timing was appropriate in 70% of patients (75% counselling/61% brochure, n.s.). Sufficiency, helpfulness and relevance of information, provision of security, and help with finding contacts for specific support were perceived adequate in both groups. No significant differences were found regarding potential effects of the interventions on IPOS or DT after 3 and 6 months. The use of psychosocial support was comparable between the groups and 4 patients had new advance directives (3 counselling/1 brochure). Five key themes of SPC consultations were identified: symptoms, rapport, coping, illness understanding, and advance care planning. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Both SPC integration strategies were well accepted. However, patients seem not to benefit from a brochure in terms of initiating SPC counselling timely after a palliative cancer diagnosis.
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Deng, Zixiao, Marcos E. Duarte, and Sung Woo Kim. "PSXVI-4 Supplemental effects of increasing levels of soy protein concentrate replacing animal protein supplements on growth performance and intestinal health of nursery pigs." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_3 (October 8, 2021): 415–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab235.748.
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Abstract This study evaluated supplemental effects of increasing levels of soy protein concentrate (SPC) replacing animal protein supplements on growth performance and intestinal health of nursery pigs. Thirty-two newly weaned pigs (6.4 ± 0.4 kg BW) were allotted to 4 treatments in a RCBD with initial BW and sex as blocks and fed for 35 d in 3 phases (P1/2/3 for 10/12/13 d, respectively) following NRC (2012). Dietary treatments were SPC-0 (diet with fish meal 4/2/1%, poultry meal 10/8/4%, and blood plasma 4/2/1% for P1/2/3, respectively); SPC-1, SPC-2, and SPC-3 (SPC-0 with SPC replacing 1/3, 2/3, and 3/3 of animal protein supplements). Titanium dioxide (0.4%) was added to the diets as indigestible marker from d 30. Growth performance was recorded for each phase. Pigs were euthanized on d 35 to collect jejunal tissue to measure intestinal health, and ileal digesta to measure apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of nutrients. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Overall, increasing levels of SPC replacing animal proteins reduced linearly (P < 0.05) the BW (21.4 to 17.3 kg), ADG (431 to 312 g/d), and ADFI (551 to 390 g/d) of pigs. The G:F decreased linearly (P < 0.05) on P1 (0.72 to 0.52). Increasing levels of SPC replacing animal proteins did not affect the AID of nutrients. Immunoglobulin A tended to increase (P = 0.099, 3.39 to 5.55 mg/mg of protein) when SPC supplemental levels were compared with the control group. Increasing levels of SPC replacing animal proteins did not affect the concentration of MDA, TNF-a, IL-8, protein carbonyl, and IgG and villus height, villus width, and crypt cells proliferation among treatments. Collectively, increasing level of SPC supplement did not negatively affect the intestinal health and digestibility of nutrients, whereas linearly reduced the growth performance.