Relevant bibliographies by topics / Spauld

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Academic literature on the topic 'Spauld'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 18 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Spauld"

1

Schwarczinger, I., and L. Vajna. "First Report of St. John's-Wort Anthracnose Caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in Hungary." Plant Disease 82, no. 6 (June 1998): 711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1998.82.6.711b.

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In 1997, we observed high incidence of severe disease symptoms in a plantation of St. John's-wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) that has been cultivated as a medicinal plant in Hungary. Symptoms were characterized by brown, 2- to 15-mm-diameter, sunken lesions that girdled the stems and, when occurring near the base, killed the plants. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc. in Penz. was consistently isolated from lesions. Acervuli containing conidia and dark setae emerged from the lesions. Perithecia of the teleomorph Glomerella cingulata (Stoneman) Spauld. & H. Schrenk also appeared on stems. Plants were inoculated with conidial suspension of the fungus (2 × 107/ml), then incubated in a moist chamber for 24 h, and subsequently transferred to the greenhouse. The first symptoms appeared on stems and leaves 7 days after inoculation. Chlorotic spots grew into circular and buff-colored lesions that coalesced and then desiccated. The fungus caused severe defoliation and plant death within 2 weeks. Koch's postulates was completed by consistently reisolating the pathogen from inoculated plants. This disease on St. John's-wort has not previously been reported in Hungary. However, an anthracnose disease caused by Glomerella cingulata (Stoneman) Spauld. & H. Schrenk var. migrans Wollenweber (Gloeosporium orbiculare Berk. & Mont.) was reported in Germany in 1949 (1). Reference: (1) H. W. Wollenweber and H. Hochapfel. Z. Parasitenkd. 14:181, 1949.
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Rybak-Mikitiuk, Teresa. "Z badań nad biologią Glomerella cingulata (Stonem). Spauld. et v. Schrenk na wierzbach koszykarskich [A study of the biology of Glomerella cingulata (Stonem.) Spauld. et v. Schrenk on the basket willow]." Acta Agrobotanica 11 (2015): 93–129. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.1962.005.

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3

Moline, Harold E., and James C. Locke. "Comparing Neem Seed Oil with Calcium Chloride and Fungicides for Controlling Postharvest Apple Decay." HortScience 28, no. 7 (July 1993): 719–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.7.719.

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The antifungal properties of a hydrophobic neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) seed extract (clarified neem oil) were tested against three postharvest apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) pathogens—Botrytis cinerea (pers.) ex Fr. (gray mold), Penicillium expansum Thom. (blue mold rot), and Glomerella cingulata (Ston.) Spauld. & Schrenk. (bitter rot). The antifungal activity of neem seed oil also was compared to that of CaCl2. A 2% aqueous emulsion of the clarified neem seed oil was moderately fungicidal to B. cinerea and G. cingulata in inoculated fruit, but bad little activity against P. expansum. Ethylene production was reduced 80% in fruit dipped in 2% neem seed oil compared to wounded, inoculated controls. Neem seed oil was as effective an antifungal agent as CaCl2, but the effects of the two combined were not additive.
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Denardi, F., L. F. Hough, and A. P. Camilo. "‘Primícia’ Apple." HortScience 23, no. 3 (June 1988): 632. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.23.3.632.

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Abstract The principal area of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) production in Brazil is in the south in the states of Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul, and Paraná. In these states, apples are grown using modern technology, and trees are propagated on size-controlling rootstocks (1). Apple production areas are limited because present cultivars have inadequate climatic adaptation and a high level of susceptibility to fungal diseases, including apple scab [Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint.], powdery mildew [Podosphaera leucotricha (Ell. & Ev.) Salm.], and bitter rot [Glomerella cingulata (Ston.) Spauld & Schrenk] (2). There is a need to develop early ripening cultivars that would make it possible to reduce the cost of chemical protection against diseases and also reduce the length of time that late-maturing apples must be stored until the beginning of the next summer's harvest.
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Mónaco, M. E., S. M. Salazar, A. Aprea, J. C. Díaz Ricci, J. C. Zembo, and A. Castagnaro. "First Report of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on Strawberry in Northwestern Argentina." Plant Disease 84, no. 5 (May 2000): 595. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2000.84.5.595c.

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Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was isolated from symptomatic strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch. ‘Chandler’) growing in Lules (Tucumán, Argentina). Isolates were characterized based on several criteria. Potato dextrose agar (PDA) was used to evaluate cultural and morphological characteristics of the isolates. After 10 days on PDA at 28°C under continuous white light, colonies showed abundant aerial, cottony white to pale beige growth, with orange asexual fruiting bodies in older colonies. Isolates displayed cylindrical conidia, rounded at both ends, averaging 10.4 × 3.9 µm (length by width). A sexual phase (perithecia) was observed in all isolates in 2-month-old cultures on PDA at 28°C under continuous white light. Pathogenicity tests were conducted with healthy plants of cvs. Pájaro and Chandler. Spray inoculation with conidial suspensions (106 conidia per ml) resulted in disease symptoms (petiole and crown lesions with wilting of crown-infected plants) 7 days after inoculation. Infection progressed at a higher rate in Pájaro than in Chandler. Reisolations from infected strawberry lesions yielded isolates with characteristics identical to the isolate used to inoculate the host. Based on morphological and cultural characteristics, isolates were identified as C. gloeosporioides Penz. & Sacc. (teleomorph Glomerella cingulata Spauld & H. Schenk) (1). This is the first report of C. gloeosporioides causing strawberry anthracnose in northwestern Argentina. Reference: (1) P. S. Gunnell and W. D. Gubler. Mycol. 84:157, 1992.
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Oros, Gyula, László Vajna, Klára Balázs, Zoltán Fekete, Zoltán Naár, and Eszter Eszéki. "Sour cherry anthracnose and possibilities of the control with special regard to resident Glomerella population in sour cherry plantations of East Hungary." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 39 (November 10, 2010): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/39/2731.

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Anthracnose is considered one of the most destructive diseases for sour cherry production due to the rapid development of the disease on fruits. Glomerella cingulata (Stoneman) Spauld. & H. Schrenk (anam.: Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc. in Penz.) has been the fungal pathogen responsible for anthracnose in last decades. Yield losses greater than 90% may occur under epidemic conditions. C. acutatum (J.H. Simmonds, 1968) strains were isolated of sourcherry plantations in East Hungary and this pathogen, new for Hungarian microbiont became recently dominant. Contrarily to the former species it is certainly transmitted with ants during fruit ripening. About third of strains proved to be cutinase producers that enable them to actively penetrate via cuticule, and these strains infect directly berries of blackberry, grape and tomato as well as plum and apple. Most of cutinase negative strains could also infect these fruits after mechanic injury. All strains of both species produce amylase, cellulase, lecithinase, lipase, polyfenoloxydase and protease in vitro, although the activity of these enzymes highly varied in the medium. The only C. acutatum strains produced noticeable amount of chitinase. Strains, tolerant to recently applied fungicides to control the anthracnose, could be isolated of sour cherry plantations that might be the cause of ineffectiveness of control measures in 2010. The mycofungicide containing mixture of three Trichoderma species in oil carrier could efficiently depress the development of anthracnose in ripening sour cherry.
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7

Debrunner, N., A. L. Rauber, A. Schwarz, and V. V. Michel. "First Report of St. John's-Wort Anthracnose Caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in Switzerland." Plant Disease 84, no. 2 (February 2000): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2000.84.2.203c.

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In Switzerland, the increase in St. John's-wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) production was accompanied by the appearance of anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc. The disease was first observed in 1995. In 1999, most of the 20 ha of St. John's-wort planted in Switzerland were grown organically, at an average gross income per hectare per year of 30,000 U.S. dollars. Anthracnose can destroy this perennial crop in the first year of cultivation, especially when it is grown in more humid areas and heavy soils. The restriction of fungicide use in organic farming can lead to a complete loss of the crop in such cases. Typical symptoms observed in the field were brown, sunken stem-girdling lesions and the reddish color of infected plants. In a later stage, aerial plant parts dried completely causing death. Acervuli that formed on stem lesions were sparsely setose. No saete occurred when the pathogen was grown on potato dextrose agar and ascospores of the teleomorph Glomerella cingulata (Stoneman) Spauld. & Schrenk were observed. Strain AN16 was sent to CABI Bioscience Identification Services (Egham, U.K.) who confirmed our identification. A conidial suspension (107 spores per ml) of AN16 was prepared and used to inoculate two St. John's-wort accessions, Hp 7 and Hp 9. Inoculation occurred under highly conducive conditions in the greenhouse. Symptoms developed on all infected plants 1 week after inoculation. One week later, the more susceptible Hp 9 was killed, whereas the more resistant Hp 7 showed only occasional stem lesions. Koch's rules were completed by reisolating the pathogen from infected plants.
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Lewers, K. S., W. W. Turechek, S. C. Hokanson, J. L. Maas, J. F. Hancock, S. Serçe, and B. J. Smith. "Evaluation of Elite Native Strawberry Germplasm for Resistance to Anthracnose Crown Rot Disease Caused by Colletotrichum Species." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 132, no. 6 (November 2007): 842–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.132.6.842.

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Anthracnose crown rot of cultivated strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duchesne ex Rozier) has been a major disease problem in the strawberry producing regions of the southeastern United States since the early 1970s. Chemical controls are often inadequate, but use of resistant cultivars is seen as a credible option for managing this disease. Only a small portion of Fragaria L. germplasm has been screened for resistance to anthracnose crown rot. A core subset of the Fragaria collection maintained at the U.S. Department of Agriculture National Clonal Repository in Corvallis, OR, has been constructed to contain an elite group of native F. virginiana Mill. and F. chiloensis (L.) Mill. This collection, referred to as the “core collection,” has been characterized for many horticultural traits, including reactions to several common foliar diseases, resistance to black root rot (causal organisms unknown), and resistance to northern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood) and root-lesion nematode [Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb) Filipjev & Shuurmans Stekhoven]. Our objective was to evaluate the core collection for resistance to a selection of isolates of three Colletotrichum Corda species known to cause strawberry anthracnose, Colletotrichum fragariae A.N. Brooks, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc. in Penz. [teleomorph Glomerella cingulata (Stoneman) Spauld. & H. Schrenk], and Colletotrichum acutatum J.H. Simmonds (teleomorph Glomerella acutata J.C. Guerber & J.C. Correll). No Fragaria subspecies or geomorph was more resistant than any other; rather, individual genotypes within these groups were identified as sources from which resistance can be obtained. Collecting germplasm in areas of intense disease pressure may not be as beneficial as one might assume, at least where anthracnose crown rot disease is concerned.
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Schwarczinger, I., L. Vajna, and W. L. Bruckart. "First Report of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on Russian-thistle." Plant Disease 82, no. 12 (December 1998): 1405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1998.82.12.1405b.

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A pathogen identified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc. in Penz. was isolated from foliar and stem lesions on Russian-thistle (Salsola tragus Torner ex L.) collected in Bugac, Hungary, in 1996. Symptoms on leaves and stems began as discrete, sunken, 2- to 10-mm-diameter chlorotic spots, followed by formation of circular buff-colored lesions that eventually coalesced, desiccated, and caused plant tissue death above the lesions. Lesions that occurred near ground level usually killed the plant. Salmon-colored spore masses developed in setose acervuli in the center of the necrotic lesions. Conidia were hyaline, one-celled, falcate to nearly straight, and measured 15 to 25 × 5 to 6 μm. The teleomorph stage of the pathogen (Glomerella cingulata (Stoneman) Spauld. & H. Schrenk) was not observed in the field or on inoculated plants. These morphological characteristics of the isolate were consistent with the description of C. gloeosporioides (1). Pathogenicity was proved by completing Koch's postulates in Hungary and the U.S. Inoculation with conidial suspension (106 conidia per ml) sprayed on S. tragus plants in the greenhouse at the three- to four-leaf stage caused severe necrosis and wilting within 6 days and plant death in 2 weeks. Symptoms did not appear on control plants inoculated with sterile, distilled water. Inoculation test was repeated on 6-week-old plants and at the stage of flowering. All treated plants were killed at both stages within 4 weeks. Because of high virulence and host specificity of this isolate of C. gloeosporioides in preliminary pathogenicity tests it is being evaluated for use as a mycoherbicide for Russian-thistle control in the U.S. This is the first report of C. gloeosporioides causing anthracnose on S. tragus. Reference: (1) B. C. Sutton. Pages 1–27 in: Colletotrichum Biology, Pathology and Control. J. A. Bailei and M. J. Jeger, eds. CAB Int., Wallingford, UK, 1992.
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Carranza, M., S. Larran, and B. Ronco. "First Report of Glomerella cingulata on Common Guava in Argentina." Plant Disease 86, no. 4 (April 2002): 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2002.86.4.440b.

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In Argentina, common guava (Psidium guajava L.) is frequently planted in gardens, but commercial production is limited. In February 2001, anthracnose symptoms were detected on fruits of common guava in La Plata, Buenos Aires Province. Symptoms of grayish, circular, sunken spots approximately 5 cm long were observed only on the surface of green unripe fruits. In humid conditions, acervuli containing salmon-pink masses of spores and dark setae were found within lesions. Symptomatic tissue was surface-disinfested, placed on potato dextrose agar, and incubated at 20°C. Cultures were obtained with abundant, gray, aerial mycelium and one-celled, hyaline, oblong, or cylindrical conidia with rounded ends (9.7 to 14.5 × 3.2 to 5.2 μm). Scarce dark brown perithecia developed in 2-month-old cultures but were not observed on fruit tissues. Asci were not conspicuous and contained straight or slightly curved ascospores (11.5 to 25.3 × 4 to 7 μm). The pathogen was identified as Glomerella cingulata (Stoneman) Spauld. & Schrenk (anamorph Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc. in Penz), based on morphological characteristics (1,2). Ten healthy, immature, attached fruits of common guava were inoculated with 3 × 106 conidia per ml of each of six isolates of G. cingulata, and ten were left untreated. Individual fruits were enclosed in plastic bags and kept at 15 to 20°C. After 72 h, bags were removed, and after 20 days, anthracnose symptoms were observed only on inoculated fruits. G. cingulata was reisolated from fruit lesions, and Koch's postulates were fulfilled. To our knowledge, this is the first report of G. cingulata on common guava in Argentina. References: (1) B. C. Sutton. The Coelomycetes. CMI, Kew, England, 1980. (2) J. A. von Arx. Phytopathol. Z. 29:413, 1957.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Spauld"

1

Som, Rita. "Studies on the resistance of tea plants against Glomerella Cingulata (Stoneman) Spauld & ·Schrenk with Special Reference to the Involvement of Defense Enzymes." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/908.

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Das, Gouri. "Studies on the Brown Blight disease of tea Camellia sinensis L. (O.) Kuntze cause by Glomerella cingulata (stoneman) Spauld. & Schrenk. and its interaction with phylloplane microorganisms." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1088.

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Eloy, Ygor Raphael Gomes. "Hole of hydrogen peroxide on the interaction of [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] with the fungus Colletotrichum gloesporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc. [Teleomorpho Glomerella cingulata (Stonem.) Spauld. & Von Schrenk]." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2007. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6471.

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FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico
Cowpea is an important legume of the Northeast of Brazil and its yield is affected by Colletotrichum fungi. These fungi are known to occur on and cause disease anthracnose on the broad range of plants. In addition, the rapid and transient accumulation of reactive oxygen species, termed âoxidative burstâ, is one of the earliest observable reaction of plant cells to microbial infection. As plant H2O2 is believed to have direct antimicrobial effects on pathogens it was raised the hypothesis that alteration of H2O2 concentrations by pharmacological compounds could confer differences in susceptibility of the cowpea genotype BR-3-Tracuateua to C. gloeosporioides attack. Thus, seeds were germinated on humid Germitest paper and after four days seedlings were transferred to hydroponic solution. Eight days later, the primary leaves were excised, infiltrated with glucose oxidase (GO+G), salicylic acid (AS), catalase (CAT) and diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI) transferred to Petri dishes and inoculated with 2.0 x 105 spores mL-1 fungal suspension on the adaxial surface. After, leaves were placed in darkness and collected at 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours. By GO+G and SA leaf treatments showed 144.96 and 186.05 nmol H2O2 g-1 fresh mass (FM), respectively, and the fungus presented a subcuticular, intramural necrotrophic strategy, forming secondary hyphae associated with a quick spread and a rapid killing of the host cells. On the leaves treated with SA, it was observed lipid peroxidation and the absence of melanized appresoria. However, CAT and DPI treatment leaves presented 55.50 nmol H2O2 g-1 FM and the fungus showed hemibiotrophic infection-type, with globular vesicles and primary and secondary hyphae formation. All results suggest that despite H2O2 influenced directly the fungal infection process-type it does not confer resistance of cowpea to C. gloeosporioides.
FeijÃo-de-corda à um importante legume presente na regiÃo Nordeste do Brasil e sua produÃÃo à afetada por fungos do gÃnero Colletotrichum. Estes fungos sÃo conhecidos por causar antracnose em uma grande variedade de plantas. AlÃm disso, o acÃmulo rÃpido e transiente de espÃcies reativas de oxigÃnio, nomeado de âoxidative burstâ, à uma das primeiras reaÃÃes observÃveis em cÃlulas de plantas diante infecÃÃo microbiana. Como H2O2 produzido por plantas à considerado por apresentar efeitos antimicrobianos diretos, foi levantada a hipÃtese que alteraÃÃes nas concentraÃÃes de H2O2 por substÃncias farmacolÃgicas poderiam conferir diferenÃas na susceptibilidade do genÃtipo de feijÃo-de-corda, BR-3-Tracuateua, ao ataque do fungo C. gloeosporioides. Deste modo, sementes foram germinadas em papÃis Germistest umedecidos e, depois de 4 dias, plÃntulas foram transferidas para soluÃÃo hidropÃnica. Passados oito dias, as folhas primÃrias foram cortadas, infiltradas com glucose oxidase (GO+G), Ãcido salicÃlico (AS), catalase (CAT) e cloreto de difenilenoiodÃnio (DPI), transferidas para placas de Petri e inoculadas com suspensÃo do fungo ajustada para concentraÃÃo de 2,0 x 105 esporos mL-1. Em seguida, as folhas foram mantidas no escuro e foram coletadas em 12, 24, 48 e 72 horas. Folhas tratadas com GO+G e AS mostraram 144,96 e 186,05 nmol H2O2 g-1 de massa fresca (MF), respectivamente, e o fungo apresentou estratÃgia subcuticular, intramural necrotrÃfica, formando hifas secundÃrias associadas com Ãgil crescimento e rÃpida morte das cÃlulas hospedeiras. Nas folhas tratadas com AS, foi observada peroxidaÃÃo de lipÃdios e ausÃncia de apressÃrios melanizados. Contudo, folhas tratadas com CAT e DPI apresentaram 55,50 nmol H2O2 g-1 MF e, o fungo, mostrou modo de infecÃÃo hemibiotrÃfico, com vesÃculas globulares e formaÃÃo de hifas primÃrias e secundÃrias. Todos os resultados sugerem que, apesar do H2O2 tenha influenciado diretamente o modo de infecÃÃo do fungo, este nÃo conferiu resistÃncia no feijÃo-de-corda ao C. gloeosporioides.
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Eloy, Ygor Raphael Gomes. "Papel do peróxido de hdrogênio na interação do feijão-de-corda [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] com o fungo Colletotrichum gloesporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc. [Teleomorfo Glomerella cingulata (Stonem.) Spauld. & Von Schrenk]." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2007. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/18868.

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ELOY, Ygor Raphael Gomes. Papel do peróxido de hdrogênio na interação do feijão-de-corda [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] com o fungo Colletotrichum gloesporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc. [Teleomorfo Glomerella cingulata (Stonem.) Spauld. & Von Schrenk]. 2007. 158 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Bioquímica) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 2007.
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Cowpea is an important legume of the Northeast of Brazil and its yield is affected by Colletotrichum fungi. These fungi are known to occur on and cause disease anthracnose on the broad range of plants. In addition, the rapid and transient accumulation of reactive oxygen species, termed ‘oxidative burst’, is one of the earliest observable reaction of plant cells to microbial infection. As plant H2O2 is believed to have direct antimicrobial effects on pathogens it was raised the hypothesis that alteration of H2O2 concentrations by pharmacological compounds could confer differences in susceptibility of the cowpea genotype BR-3-Tracuateua to C. gloeosporioides attack. Thus, seeds were germinated on humid Germitest® paper and after four days seedlings were transferred to hydroponic solution. Eight days later, the primary leaves were excised, infiltrated with glucose oxidase (GO+G), salicylic acid (AS), catalase (CAT) and diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI) transferred to Petri dishes and inoculated with 2.0 x 105 spores mL-1 fungal suspension on the adaxial surface. After, leaves were placed in darkness and collected at 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours. By GO+G and SA leaf treatments showed 144.96 and 186.05 nmol H2O2 g-1 fresh mass (FM), respectively, and the fungus presented a subcuticular, intramural necrotrophic strategy, forming secondary hyphae associated with a quick spread and a rapid killing of the host cells. On the leaves treated with SA, it was observed lipid peroxidation and the absence of melanized appresoria. However, CAT and DPI treatment leaves presented 55.50 nmol H2O2 g-1 FM and the fungus showed hemibiotrophic infection-type, with globular vesicles and primary and secondary hyphae formation. All results suggest that despite H2O2 influenced directly the fungal infection process-type it does not confer resistance of cowpea to C. gloeosporioides.
Feijão-de-corda é um importante legume presente na região Nordeste do Brasil e sua produção é afetada por fungos do gênero Colletotrichum. Estes fungos são conhecidos por causar antracnose em uma grande variedade de plantas. Além disso, o acúmulo rápido e transiente de espécies reativas de oxigênio, nomeado de ‘oxidative burst’, é uma das primeiras reações observáveis em células de plantas diante infecção microbiana. Como H2O2 produzido por plantas é considerado por apresentar efeitos antimicrobianos diretos, foi levantada a hipótese que alterações nas concentrações de H2O2 por substâncias farmacológicas poderiam conferir diferenças na susceptibilidade do genótipo de feijão-de-corda, BR-3-Tracuateua, ao ataque do fungo C. gloeosporioides. Deste modo, sementes foram germinadas em papéis Germistest® umedecidos e, depois de 4 dias, plântulas foram transferidas para solução hidropônica. Passados oito dias, as folhas primárias foram cortadas, infiltradas com glucose oxidase (GO+G), ácido salicílico (AS), catalase (CAT) e cloreto de difenilenoiodônio (DPI), transferidas para placas de Petri e inoculadas com suspensão do fungo ajustada para concentração de 2,0 x 105 esporos mL-1. Em seguida, as folhas foram mantidas no escuro e foram coletadas em 12, 24, 48 e 72 horas. Folhas tratadas com GO+G e AS mostraram 144,96 e 186,05 nmol H2O2 g-1 de massa fresca (MF), respectivamente, e o fungo apresentou estratégia subcuticular, intramural necrotrófica, formando hifas secundárias associadas com ágil crescimento e rápida morte das células hospedeiras. Nas folhas tratadas com AS, foi observada peroxidação de lipídios e ausência de apressórios melanizados. Contudo, folhas tratadas com CAT e DPI apresentaram 55,50 nmol H2O2 g-1 MF e, o fungo, mostrou modo de infecção hemibiotrófico, com vesículas globulares e formação de hifas primárias e secundárias. Todos os resultados sugerem que, apesar do H2O2 tenha influenciado diretamente o modo de infecção do fungo, este não conferiu resistência no feijão-de-corda ao C. gloeosporioides.
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5

Friedman, Peter C. "Spared the Technicolor." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2015. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2073.

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Požela, Juras. "Partinė spauda Lietuvos politinėje komunikacijoje." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20110709_151350-85106.

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Magistro darbo objektas – partinė spauda Lietuvos politinėje komunikacijoje. Darbo tikslas – išsiaiškinti partinės spaudos tendencijas politinėje komunikacijoje, atsakyti į klausimą kodėl jos atsisakoma ir kokios atsiranda alternatyvos. Pagrindiniai darbo uždaviniai – politinės komunikacijos vystymosi tendencijas, politinės komunikacijos sąveiką, išnagrinėti politinio dalyvavimo savivaldoje ypatumus. Iškelto tikslo buvo siekiama analizuojant politinės komunikacijos teorinį istorinį kontekstą, vystymosi tendencijas, nagrinėjant politikos sampratą Lietuvoje ir partinę spaudą, jos kitimą. Pirmoje magistro darbo dalyje nagrinėjau politinės komunikacijos teorinę dalį, žiniasklaidos, kaip politinės komunikacijos tarpininko tarp valdžios ir visuomenės, vaidmenį. Antroje darbo dalyje nagrinėju politikos ir politinių partijų specifiką. Didelis dėmesys skiriamas XX amžiaus pradžios Lietuvos partinei žiniasklaidai. Trečioje darbo dalyje buvo atliktas tyrimas, kuriuo buvo siekiama išsiaiškinti partijų požiūris į partinę spaudą. Rašant darbą buvo naudoti tyrimo metodai: - teorinėje darbo dalyje naudotas literatūros analizės ir sintezės metodas; - praktinėje darbo dalyje naudotas ekspertų apklausos metodas. Darbas gali būti įdomus ir naudingas žiniasklaidos priemonėms, politinėms partijoms, taip pat studentams, besidomintiems politine komunikacija, partine spauda ir viešosios informavimo priemonių vaidmeniu.
Nowadays information and communication technologies plays an increasingly role in all the fields of the life. This concerns changes in the systems of mass media and political communication as well. The main role in political communication belongs to the mass media so for this reason it is very important to analyse its impact and transformations. In my master thesis I am exploring political press in Lithuanian political communication. Usually political communication is analysed as application of political marketing and political advertising during political campaigns. Objective of the diploma thesis is political press in Lithuanian political communication. The aim of the work is to detect tendencies of evolution of the political communication and party press, its impact to political daily agenda, peciuliarity of political participation in the governance. I reached the aim of the work by analysing theoretical and historical context of the political communication and political press, tendencies of evolution, role of the mass media in formulating opinion for publics. In the first part of the thesis I analysed theory of the political communication, roles of the mass media as the mediator of communication between the government and society. The second part of the thesis is dedicated to specify the role of the political parties in the structure of governance, its specifics. As well as to answer how it influences every day life of the society. Big part of the second part of the... [to full text]
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Tamaliūnaitė, Ingrida. "Paslaugų kokybės valdymas. UAB „SPAUSK“ atvejis." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130205_161049-79994.

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Šiuolaikinėmis ypatingai didelės konkurencijos sąlygomis, kai rinka persotinta prekių ir paslaugų, daugelis įprastinių konkurencinių strategijų praranda savo poveikį, vis daugiau įmonių pradeda spręsti paslaugų kokybės užtikrinimo klausimą. Paslaugų sektoriuje labiausiai kreiptinas dėmesys yra į kokybišką aptarnavimą, nes tai didelia dalimi nulemia vartotojo apsisprendimą pasinaudoti ar ne teikiamomis paslaugomis. Didelis vartotojų pasitenkinimo lygis nulemia didesnį vartojimą.
In case of highly competitive market saturated of products and services, usual marketing strategies lose their efficiency. Companies reaction is implementing a new strategy based on solving the issues related to the “warranty’ service quality”. It is essential in the service sector to focus guaranteeing high standarts of services, which is to a large extend determinated by the user’s wish whether or not to benefit of these services. A high level of customer’s satisfaction usualy leads to higher consumption.
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Groves, G. W. "Scheduling evenly spaced routes in networks." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/16055.

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Hägglöf, Christina. "Spaced learning i naturkunskapsundervisning på gymnasieskolan." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för utbildningsvetenskap (UV), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-49674.

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Man har sedan länge förstått att lärande gynnas repetition och pauser däremellan, menvarför detta har en positiv effekt på långtidsminnet har varit okänt. Försök på råttor harvisat att repetition är viktigt för att förstärka kommunikationen vid synapser som ärviktiga för minnesbildning och att pauser är nödvändiga för att de proteiner som stärkersynapsen ska hinna bildas och verka.Med stöd i detta har man utvecklat en undervisningsteknik som kallas spaced learning,där undervisningsmaterialet presenteras tre gånger, separerat av pauser inkluderande enorelaterad aktivitet. Studier där denna teknik har testats på elever har visat att teknikenhar god effekt på elevernas kunskap, utvärderat med flervalsfrågor, jämfört medkontrollgruppens undervisning och att tekniken lämpar sig väl för att sammanfatta faktaefter en kurs inför prov.Eftersom metoden är relativt ny är mängden och fullständigheten av insamlade data omspaced learnings effekt begränsad. De resultat som finns baseras framförallt påhögstadieelever i England och utvärderingen grundar sig på flervalsfrågor, vilket gör detsvårt att mäta analytiska förmågor.Den mindre studie som presenteras i detta arbete skiljer sig från tidigare studier genomatt eleverna är äldre. I försöket analyseras gymnasieelever till skillnad frånhögstadieelever vilket endast undersökts tidigare i en mindre svensk studie. Ingen av detidigare studierna har heller använt samma undervisande lärare och samma elever, vilketeventuellt kan påverka resultatet. Studien syftar också även till att mäta mer analytiskaförmågor hos eleverna genom att efterfråga förklaringar och motiveringar iprovfrågorna.Resultaten från denna mindre studie antyder att spaced learning ökar elevernaskunskaper, både angående enkla faktakunskaper och mer analyserande kunskaper, påkort sikt. När längre tid har passerat så tycks den procentuella minskningen avprovresultaten vara lika stor oavsett om spaced learning eller traditionell undervisninghar används. Spaced learning fungerade väl i klassrummet och de elever som uttalade sigom metoden uppskattade upplägget.
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Roy, Pulakesh. "Fractionally Spaced Blind Equalizer Performance Improvement." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31048.

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Blind equalization schemes are used to cancel the effects of a channel on the received signal when the transmission of a training sequence in a predefined time slot is not possible. In the absence of a training sequence, blind equalization schemes can also increase the throughput of the overall system. A general problem with blind adaptation techniques is that they have poor convergence properties compared to the traditional techniques using training sequences. Having a multi-modal cost surface, blind adaptation techniques may force the equalizer to converge to a false minimum, depending on the initialization. The most commonly used blind adaptation algorithm is the Constant Modulus Algorithm (CMA). It is shown by simulation that a logarithmic error equation can make CMA converge to a global minimum, if a differential encoding scheme is used. The performance of CMA with different error equations is also investigated for different channel conditions. For a time varying channel, the performance of an equalizer not only depends on the convergence behavior but also on the tracking property, which indicates the ability of an equalizer to track changes in the channel. The tracking property of a blind equalizer with CMA has been investigated under different channel conditions. It is also shown that the tracking property of a blind equalizer can be improved by using a recursive linear predictor at the output of the equalizer to predict the amplitude of the equalizer output. The predicted value of the amplitude is then used to adjust the instantaneous gain of the overall system. A recursive linear predictor is designed to predict a colored signal without having a priori knowledge about the correlation function of the input sequence. The performance of the designed predictor is also investigated by predicting the envelope of a flat fading channel under constant mobile velocity and constant acceleration conditions.
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Books on the topic "Spauld"

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Bahrām, Bahrām Khān. Sparlī sparlī wakhtūnah. Peṣhawar: Yūnīwarsiṭī Buk Ejansī, 2014.

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Spared. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Mkuki na Nyota Publishers, 2004.

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Spared: Poems. Charlotte, NC: Main Street Rag, 2011.

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Thompson, Lisa. Spaced out. Littleton, MA: Sundance, 2001.

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Cody, Weiss David, ed. Spaced out! New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 2003.

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(Gallery), Portikus, ed. Spaced out. Frankfurt am Main: Portikus, 2003.

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Cara, Piergiorgio Di. L'anima in spalla. Roma: E/ o, 2004.

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Dietro le spalle. Roma: Sabinae, 2012.

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Rubinshteĭn, Leonid. Oni spasli mir. Minsk: Poliprint, 2006.

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Cacciatore, Giacomo. L'uomo di spalle. Palermo: D. Flaccovio, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Spauld"

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De Petro, Paola, Pierorazio Motta, Marco Petraz, Paolo Lombardo, and Daniele Molino. "Spalla." In Traumatologia scheletrica, 31–80. Milano: Springer Milan, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-5732-6_3.

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Idoate-Saralegui, Fernando, and Joan C. Vilanova. "Spalla." In Imaging muscoloscheletrico, 111–33. Milano: Springer Milan, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2736-7_6.

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Weik, Martin H. "spaced font." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 1622. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_17775.

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Mike, Sharples. "Spaced learning." In Practical Pedagogy, 21–24. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429485534-3.

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Howie, Cary. "Spaced Out." In Claustrophilia, 69–101. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230604148_4.

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Gabriel, P., and A. V. Roiter. "Finitely Spaced Modules." In Representations of Finite-Dimensional Algebras, 33–46. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58097-0_4.

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Weik, Martin H. "spaced aerial diversity." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 1622. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_17773.

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Weik, Martin H. "spaced antenna diversity." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 1622. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_17774.

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Weik, Martin H. "uniformly-spaced font." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 1861. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_20417.

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Weik, Martin H. "variable-spaced font." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 1880. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_20670.

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Conference papers on the topic "Spauld"

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De Los Santos, Nancy, Robert Jones, Constantine M. Tarawneh, Arturo Fuentes, and Anthony Villarreal. "Development of Prognostic Techniques for Surface Defect Growth in Railroad Bearing Rolling Elements." In 2017 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2017-2262.

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Prevention of bearing failures which may lead to catastrophic derailment is a major safety concern for the railroad industry. Advances in bearing condition monitoring hold the promise of early detection of bearing defects, which will improve system reliability by permitting early replacement of failing components. However, to minimize disruption to operations while providing the maximum level of accident prevention that early detection affords, it will be necessary to understand the defect growth process and try to quantify the growth speed to permit economical, non-disruptive replacement of failing components rather than relying on immediate removal upon detection. The study presented here investigates the correlation between the rate of surface defect (i.e. spall) growth per mile of full-load operation and the size of the defects. The data used for this study was acquired from defective bearings that were run under various load and speed conditions utilizing specialized railroad bearing dynamic test rigs operated by the University Transportation Center for Railway Safety (UTCRS) at the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley (UTRGV). Periodic removal and disassembly of the railroad bearings was carried out for inspection and defect size measurement and documentation. Castings were made of spalls using low-melting, zero shrinkage Bismuth-based alloys so that a permanent record of the full spall geometry could be retained. Spalls were measured using optical techniques coupled with digital image analysis and also with a manual coordinate measuring instrument with the resulting field of points manipulated in MatLab™ and Solidworks™. The spall growth rate in area per mile of full-load operation was determined and, when plotted versus spall area, clear trends emerge. Initial spall size is randomly distributed as it depends on originating defect depth, size, and location on the rolling raceway. The growth of surface spalls is characterized by two growth regimes with an initial slower growth rate which then accelerates when spalls reach a critical size. Scatter is significant but upper and lower bounds for spall growth rates are proposed and the critical dimension for transition to rapid spall growth is estimated. The main result of this study is a preliminary model for spall growth which can be coupled to bearing condition monitoring tools to permit economical scheduling of bearing replacement after the initial detection of spalls.
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Gonzalez, Amy, Constantine Tarawneh, Ping Hu, Joseph A. Turner, and Brent M. Wilson. "Tracking of Spall Deterioration on Tapered Roller Bearings." In 2015 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2015-5793.

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Fatigue spall initiation is one of the major modes of premature bearing failure. The spall initiation is often exacerbated by the presence of impurities in the near-surface region (∼400 μm) of the bearing raceways. Once a spall initiates, it can propagate rapidly, leading to abnormal bearing operation and possible catastrophic failure if not detected early. Testing performed at the University of Texas-Pan American (UTPA) has focused on ultrasonically scanned tapered roller bearings found to have inclusion content within 400 μm of the surface of the raceways. These bearings undergo accelerated service life tests in which spall initiation is detected and tracked over time while documenting spall growth. The work presented here provides several study cases that document the spall initiation and propagation on ultrasonically scanned tapered roller bearing components. Results show that spalls generally initiate on locations corresponding to sites of subsurface inclusions, and they grow many times their original size within relatively short operating periods. The study also shows that spalls tend to initiate and propagate at a faster rate on bearing cups (outer rings) than on cones (inner rings).
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De Los Santos, Nancy, Constantine M. Tarawneh, Robert E. Jones, and Arturo Fuentes. "Defect Prognostics Models for Spall Growth in Railroad Bearing Rolling Elements." In 2018 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2018-6214.

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Prevention of railroad bearing failures, which may lead to catastrophic derailments, is a central safety concern. Early detection of railway component defects, specifically bearing spalls, will improve overall system reliability by allowing proactive maintenance cycles rather than costly reactive replacement of failing components. A bearing health monitoring system will provide timely detection of flaws. However, absent a well verified model for defect propagation, detection can only be used to trigger an immediate component replacement. The development of such a model requires that the spall growth process be mapped out by accumulating associated signals generated by various size spalls. The addition of this information to an integrated health monitoring system will minimize operation disruption and maintain maximum accident prevention standards enabling timely and economical replacements of failing components. An earlier study done by the authors focused on bearing outer ring (cup) raceway defects. The developed model predicts that any cup raceway surface defect (i.e. spall) once reaching a critical size (spall area) will grow according to a linear correlation with mileage. The work presented here investigates spall growth within the inner rings (cones) of railroad bearings as a function of mileage. The data for this study were acquired from defective bearings that were run under various load and speed conditions utilizing specialized railroad bearing dynamic test rigs owned by the University Transportation Center for Railway Safety (UTCRS) at the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley (UTRGV). The experimental process is based on a testing cycle that allows continuous growth of railroad bearing defects until one of two conditions are met; either the defect is allowed to grow to a size that does not jeopardize the safe operation of the test rig, or the change in area of the spall is less than 10% of its previous size prior to the start of testing. The initial spall size is randomly distributed as it depends on the originating defect depth, size, and location on the rolling raceway. Periodic removal and disassembly of the railroad bearings was carried out for inspection and defect size measurement along with detailed documentation. Spalls were measured using optical techniques coupled with digital image analysis, as well as, with a manual coordinate measuring instrument with the resulting field of points manipulated in MatLab™. Castings were made of spalls using low-melting, zero-shrinkage bismuth-based alloys, so that a permanent record of the spall geometry and its growth history can be retained. The main result of this study is a preliminary model for spall growth, which can be coupled with bearing condition monitoring tools that will allow economical and effective scheduling of proactive maintenance cycles that aim to mitigate derailments, and reduce unnecessary train stoppages and associated costly delays on busy railways.
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Holstein, Kenneth, Bruce M. McLaren, and Vincent Aleven. "SPACLE." In LAK '17: 7th International Learning Analytics and Knowledge Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3027385.3027450.

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Liou, Daw-Chih, and Cheng-Yuan Liou. "Optimally Spaced Autoencoder." In 2023 14th International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ictc58733.2023.10393801.

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Hood, Adrian, Kelsen LaBerge, David Lewicki, and Darryll Pines. "Vibration Based Sun Gear Damage Detection." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12361.

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Seeded fault experiments were conducted on the planetary stage of an OH-58C helicopter transmission. Two vibration based methods are discussed that isolate the dynamics of the sun gear from that of the planet gears, bearings, input spiral bevel stage, and other components in and around the gearbox. Three damaged sun gears: two spalled and one cracked, serve as the focus of this current work. A non-sequential vibration separation algorithm was developed and the resulting signals analyzed. The second method uses only the time synchronously averaged data but takes advantage of the signal/source mapping required for vibration separation. Both algorithms were successful in identifying the spall damage. Sun gear damage was confirmed by the presence of sun mesh groups. The sun tooth crack condition was inconclusive.
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Birol, Inanc, Hamid Mohamadi, Anthony Raymond, Karthika Raghavan, Justin Chu, Benjamin P. Vandervalk, Shaun D. Jackman, and Rene L. Warren. "Spaced seed data structures." In 2014 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bibm.2014.6999305.

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Nahme, Hartwig. "Spall plane formation near spall threshold for different metals." In Shock compression of condensed matter. AIP, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1303528.

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Wang, Zheng, Geguang Pu, Jianwen Li, and Bin Gu. "A Type System for SPARDL." In 2012 Sixth International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Software Engineering (TASE). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tase.2012.47.

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Hagiwara, T. "Extra long spaced induction log." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2004. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1842414.

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Reports on the topic "Spauld"

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Liu, Zhenyue. Smoothing of Nonuniformly-Spaced Data. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada241006.

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Silling, Stewart A. Spall kinetics model description. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1560810.

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Dandekar, Dattatraya P. Spall Strength of Tungsten Carbide. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada427318.

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CURTIS L. HARRIS - LATA. DIGITAL SPALL RADIOGRAPH ANALYSIS SYSTEM. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/760076.

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Lawrence, Samantha Kay, and Roland K. Schulze. Auger Spectroscopy Analysis of Spalled LEU-10Mo Foils. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1374279.

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Donald P. Snowden. Insulators and Materials for Closed-Spaced Thermoelectric Modules. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/839427.

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Krolik, Jeff. Wideband Beamforming for a Sparse Nonuniformly Spaced Array. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada280833.

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Chiba, Naoki, and Takeo Kanade. A Tracker for Broken and Closely-Spaced Lines. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada336504.

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Zirkind, Naomi. Allan Variance Calculation for Nonuniformly Spaced Input Data. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada616850.

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Harris, C. L. Digital spall radiograph analysis system: Report on simulated three- dimensional digital spall image reconstruction fidelity. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/434882.

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