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Journal articles on the topic 'Spatiotemporal focusing'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

SONG, Qiyuan, Aoi NAKAMURA, Kenichi HIROSAWA, Keisuke ISOBE, Katsumi MIDORIKAWA, and Fumihiko KANNARI. "Two-Dimensional Spatiotemporal Focusing Microscopy." Review of Laser Engineering 43, no. 4 (2015): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.2184/lsj.43.4_203.

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2

Small, Eran, Ori Katz, and Yaron Silberberg. "Spatiotemporal focusing through a thin scattering layer." Optics Express 20, no. 5 (February 16, 2012): 5189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.20.005189.

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3

Hunsche, S., S. Feng, H. G. Winful, A. Leitenstorfer, M. C. Nuss, and E. P. Ippen. "Spatiotemporal focusing of single-cycle light pulses." Journal of the Optical Society of America A 16, no. 8 (August 1, 1999): 2025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josaa.16.002025.

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4

Hoffer, P., P. Lukes, H. Akiyama, and H. Hosseini. "Spatiotemporal dynamics of underwater conical shock wave focusing." Shock Waves 27, no. 4 (December 14, 2016): 685–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00193-016-0703-7.

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5

Durfee, C. G., and J. A. Squier. "Breakthroughs in Photonics 2014: Spatiotemporal Focusing: Advances and Applications." IEEE Photonics Journal 7, no. 3 (June 2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jphot.2015.2412454.

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6

Sharma, A., Z. Tibai, J. Hebling, and S. K. Mishra. "Spatiotemporal focusing dynamics in plasmas at X-ray wavelength." Physics of Plasmas 21, no. 3 (March 2014): 033103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4866017.

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7

Cheng, Li-Chung, Chia-Yuan Chang, Chun-Yu Lin, Keng-Chi Cho, Wei-Chung Yen, Nan-Shan Chang, Chris Xu, Chen Yuan Dong, and Shean-Jen Chen. "Spatiotemporal focusing-based widefield multiphoton microscopy for fast optical sectioning." Optics Express 20, no. 8 (April 2, 2012): 8939. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.20.008939.

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8

Liang, Rongda, Zhaohui Wang, Y. R. Shen, Ya Cheng, and Chuanshan Tian. "Enhancement of femtosecond surface nonlinear optical signals with spatiotemporal focusing." Optics Letters 44, no. 16 (August 6, 2019): 3921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.44.003921.

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9

Sun, Bangshan, Patrick S. Salter, and Martin J. Booth. "Effects of aberrations in spatiotemporal focusing of ultrashort laser pulses." Journal of the Optical Society of America A 31, no. 4 (March 18, 2014): 765. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josaa.31.000765.

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10

Shuang-Chun, Wen, and Fan Dian-Yuan. "Spatiotemporal Instability of Ultrashort Pulses in Dispersive Self-Focusing Media." Chinese Physics Letters 18, no. 6 (May 3, 2001): 776–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/18/6/321.

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11

Takama, Yasufumi, and Shinji Karino. "Exploratory Analysis Support of Spatiotemporal Trend Information Focusing on Comparative Analysis." Transactions of the Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence 26 (2011): 494–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1527/tjsai.26.494.

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12

Velsink, Matthias C., Lyubov V. Amitonova, and Pepijn W. H. Pinkse. "Spatiotemporal focusing through a multimode fiber via time-domain wavefront shaping." Optics Express 29, no. 1 (December 22, 2020): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.412714.

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13

Bauer, M., O. Büttner, S. O. Demokritov, B. Hillebrands, V. Grimalsky, Yu Rapoport, and A. N. Slavin. "Observation of Spatiotemporal Self-Focusing of Spin Waves in Magnetic Films." Physical Review Letters 81, no. 17 (October 26, 1998): 3769–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.81.3769.

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14

Wang, Yulong, Changjun Ming, Yuquan Zhang, Jie Xu, Fu Feng, Ling Li, and Xiaocong Yuan. "Spatiotemporal manipulation on focusing and propagation of surface plasmon polariton pulses." Optics Express 28, no. 22 (October 22, 2020): 33516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.405803.

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15

Tanter, Michael, J. ‐F Aubry, J. ‐L Thomas, and M. Fink. "Focusing by spatiotemporal inverse filter: Application to heterogeneous and absorbing medium." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 110, no. 5 (November 2001): 2659. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4809055.

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16

BUSCH, HAUKE, and MARC-THORSTEN HÜTT. "SCALE-DEPENDENCE OF SPATIOTEMPORAL FILTERS INSPIRED BY CELLULAR AUTOMATA." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 14, no. 06 (June 2004): 1957–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127404010370.

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We discuss analysis tools of spatiotemporal patterns. These tools are based on nearest-neighbor considerations similar to cellular automata. Application of these methods to a spatiotemporal data set means selecting certain scales in space and in time. Focusing on spatial length we show that the dependence of the results on this scale can be used to quantify separately the contribution to the dynamics of measurement noise and of dynamical (internal) noise, respectively. In particular, we test the spatiotemporal filters using sample data generated with a network of coupled Sel'kov oscillators. Possible application of our results to biological systems are briefly discussed.

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17

Matijošius, A., R. Piskarskas, E. Gaižauskas, A. Dubietis, and P. Di Trapani. "Space-Time Recovery of Arbitrarily Shaped Wave-Packets by Means of Three Dimensional Imaging Technique." Nonlinear Analysis: Modelling and Control 9, no. 3 (July 25, 2004): 259–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/na.2004.9.3.15157.

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We study numerically and experimentally self-focusing dynamics of femtosecond light pulses. By demonstrating the potential of three dimensional imaging technique for quantitative recovery of complex (arbitrarily shaped) wave packets, we monitor space-time transformation dynamics of 150-fs light pulse, which undergoes self-focusing and filamentation in water. Peculiar spatiotemporal and spectral features reveal conical nature of resulting wave-packet.

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18

Wikmark, Hampus, Chen Guo, Jan Vogelsang, Peter W. Smorenburg, Hélène Coudert-Alteirac, Jan Lahl, Jasper Peschel, et al. "Spatiotemporal coupling of attosecond pulses." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 11 (March 1, 2019): 4779–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1817626116.

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The shortest light pulses produced to date are of the order of a few tens of attoseconds, with central frequencies in the extreme UV range and bandwidths exceeding tens of electronvolts. They are often produced as a train of pulses separated by half the driving laser period, leading in the frequency domain to a spectrum of high, odd-order harmonics. As light pulses become shorter and more spectrally wide, the widely used approximation consisting of writing the optical waveform as a product of temporal and spatial amplitudes does not apply anymore. Here, we investigate the interplay of temporal and spatial properties of attosecond pulses. We show that the divergence and focus position of the generated harmonics often strongly depend on their frequency, leading to strong chromatic aberrations of the broadband attosecond pulses. Our argument uses a simple analytical model based on Gaussian optics, numerical propagation calculations, and experimental harmonic divergence measurements. This effect needs to be considered for future applications requiring high-quality focusing while retaining the broadband/ultrashort characteristics of the radiation.

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19

Le Clainche, Soledad, and José M. Vega. "Analyzing Nonlinear Dynamics via Data-Driven Dynamic Mode Decomposition-Like Methods." Complexity 2018 (December 12, 2018): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6920783.

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This article presents a review on two methods based on dynamic mode decomposition and its multiple applications, focusing on higher order dynamic mode decomposition (which provides a purely temporal Fourier-like decomposition) and spatiotemporal Koopman decomposition (which gives a spatiotemporal Fourier-like decomposition). These methods are purely data-driven, using either numerical or experimental data, and permit reconstructing the given data and identifying the temporal growth rates and frequencies involved in the dynamics and the spatial growth rates and wavenumbers in the case of the spatiotemporal Koopman decomposition. Thus, they may be used to either identify and extrapolate the dynamics from transient behavior to permanent dynamics or construct efficient, purely data-driven reduced order models.

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20

Cecconi, Vittorio, Vivek Kumar, Alessia Pasquazi, Juan Sebastian Totero Gongora, and Marco Peccianti. "Nonlinear field-control of terahertz waves in random media for spatiotemporal focusing." Open Research Europe 2 (August 1, 2022): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.14508.2.

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Controlling the transmission of broadband optical pulses in scattering media is a critical open challenge in photonics. To date, wavefront shaping techniques at optical frequencies have been successfully applied to control the spatial properties of multiple-scattered light. However, a fundamental restriction in achieving an equivalent degree of control over the temporal properties of a broadband pulse is the limited availability of experimental techniques to detect the coherent properties (i.e., the spectral amplitude and absolute phase) of the transmitted field. Terahertz experimental frameworks, on the contrary, enable measuring the field dynamics of broadband pulses at ultrafast (sub-cycle) time scales directly. In this work, we provide a theoretical/numerical demonstration that, within this context, complex scattering can be used to achieve spatio-temporal control of instantaneous fields and manipulate the temporal properties of single-cycle pulses by solely acting on spatial degrees of freedom of the illuminating field. As direct application scenarios, we demonstrate spatio-temporal focusing, chirp compensation, and control of the carrier-envelope-phase (CEP) of a CP-stable, transform-limited THz pulse.

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21

Quinoman, Paul, Benoît Chimier, and Guillaume Duchateau. "Theoretical study of spatiotemporal focusing for in-bulk laser structuring of dielectrics." Journal of the Optical Society of America B 39, no. 1 (December 10, 2021): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josab.443320.

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22

Cecconi, Vittorio, Vivek Kumar, Alessia Pasquazi, Juan Sebastian Totero Gongora, and Marco Peccianti. "Nonlinear field-control of terahertz waves in random media for spatiotemporal focusing." Open Research Europe 2 (March 8, 2022): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.14508.1.

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Controlling the transmission of broadband optical pulses in scattering media is a critical open challenge in photonics. To date, wavefront shaping techniques at optical frequencies have been successfully applied to control the spatial properties of multiple-scattered light. However, a fundamental restriction in achieving an equivalent degree of control over the temporal properties of a broadband pulse is the limited availability of experimental techniques to detect the coherent properties (i.e., the spectral amplitude and absolute phase) of the transmitted field. Terahertz experimental frameworks, on the contrary, enable measuring the field dynamics of broadband pulses at ultrafast (sub-cycle) time scales directly. In this work, we provide a theoretical/numerical demonstration that, within this context, complex scattering can be used to achieve spatio-temporal control of instantaneous fields and manipulate the temporal properties of single-cycle pulses by solely acting on spatial degrees of freedom of the illuminating field. As direct application scenarios, we demonstrate spatio-temporal focusing, chirp compensation, and control of the carrier-envelope-offset of a transform-limited THz pulse.

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23

Song, Qiyuan, Aoi Nakamura, Kenichi Hirosawa, Keisuke Isobe, Katsumi Midorikawa, and Fumihiko Kannari. "Two-dimensional spatiotemporal focusing of femtosecond pulses and its applications in microscopy." Review of Scientific Instruments 86, no. 8 (August 2015): 083701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4927532.

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24

Wen, Shuangchun, Wei Hu, Hong Guo, and Dianyuan Fan. "Influence of space-time focusing on spatiotemporal instability in nonlinear dispersive media." Optics Communications 202, no. 4-6 (February 2002): 339–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0030-4018(02)01108-2.

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25

Lemke, Christoph, Christian Schneider, Till Leißner, Daniela Bayer, Jörn W. Radke, Alexander Fischer, Pascal Melchior, et al. "Spatiotemporal Characterization of SPP Pulse Propagation in Two-Dimensional Plasmonic Focusing Devices." Nano Letters 13, no. 3 (February 22, 2013): 1053–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl3042849.

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26

Hu, Wei, Shuangchun Wen, Hong Guo, and Dianyuan Fan. "Spatiotemporal instability and space-time focusing in nonlinear self-defocusing dispersive media." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 34, no. 22 (November 6, 2001): 3267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/34/22/310.

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27

Wei, Xiaoming, Yuecheng Shen, Joseph C. Jing, Ashton S. Hemphill, Changsheng Yang, Shanhui Xu, Zhongmin Yang, and Lihong V. Wang. "Real-time frequency-encoded spatiotemporal focusing through scattering media using a programmable 2D ultrafine optical frequency comb." Science Advances 6, no. 8 (February 2020): eaay1192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aay1192.

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Optical wavefront shaping is a powerful tool for controlling photons in strongly scattering media. Its speed, however, has been the bottleneck for in vivo applications. Moreover, unlike spatial focusing, temporal focusing from a continuous-wave source has rarely been exploited yet is highly desired for nonlinear photonics. Here, we present a novel real-time frequency-encoded spatiotemporal (FEST) focusing technology. FEST focusing uses a novel programmable two-dimensional optical frequency comb with an ultrafine linewidth to perform single-shot wavefront measurements, with a fast single-pixel detector. This technique enables simultaneous spatial and temporal focusing at microsecond scales through thick dynamic scattering media. This technology also enabled us to discover the large-scale temporal shift, a new phenomenon that, with the conventional spatial memory effect, establishes a space-time duality. FEST focusing opens a new avenue for high-speed wavefront shaping in the field of photonics.

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28

ZHOU, CANGTAO. "QUASIPERIODIC ROUTE TO SPATIOTEMPORAL CHAOS IN A NONLINEAR SCHRÖDINGER EQUATION WITH THE SATURABLE NONLINEARITY." Modern Physics Letters B 08, no. 24 (October 20, 1994): 1511–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984994001473.

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The route from the coherent structures to the spatiotemporal complicated patterns is numerically investigated in terms of a continuum Hamiltonian system, that is, the non-linear Schrödinger equation with the self-focusing nonlinearity, where the quasiperiodic route is first observed.

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29

Belgiu, Mariana, and Alfred Stein. "Spatiotemporal Image Fusion in Remote Sensing." Remote Sensing 11, no. 7 (April 4, 2019): 818. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11070818.

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In this paper, we discuss spatiotemporal data fusion methods in remote sensing. These methods fuse temporally sparse fine-resolution images with temporally dense coarse-resolution images. This review reveals that existing spatiotemporal data fusion methods are mainly dedicated to blending optical images. There is a limited number of studies focusing on fusing microwave data, or on fusing microwave and optical images in order to address the problem of gaps in the optical data caused by the presence of clouds. Therefore, future efforts are required to develop spatiotemporal data fusion methods flexible enough to accomplish different data fusion tasks under different environmental conditions and using different sensors data as input. The review shows that additional investigations are required to account for temporal changes occurring during the observation period when predicting spectral reflectance values at a fine scale in space and time. More sophisticated machine learning methods such as convolutional neural network (CNN) represent a promising solution for spatiotemporal fusion, especially due to their capability to fuse images with different spectral values.

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30

Oshlakov, V. K., G. G. Matvienko, and P. A. Babushkin. "Spatiotemporal characteristics of a laser pulse when focusing in a two-component medium." Optika atmosfery i okeana 34, no. 7 (2021): 502–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.15372/aoo20210703.

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31

Li, Yuedong, Juan Song, Qinxiao Zhai, Weiyi Yin, Xinlan Tang, and Ye Dai. "Effect of wavefront rotation on the photoionization process by ultrafast laser spatiotemporal focusing." Journal of the Optical Society of America B 38, no. 4 (March 3, 2021): 1040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josab.416274.

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32

Gao, Xiaohui, and Bonggu Shim. "Self-focusing and self-compression of intense pulses via ionization-induced spatiotemporal reshaping." Optics Letters 45, no. 23 (November 23, 2020): 6434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.405575.

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33

Podbiel, Daniel, Philip Kahl, Bettina Frank, Timothy J. Davis, Harald Giessen, Michael Horn-von Hoegen, and Frank J. Meyer zu Heringdorf. "Spatiotemporal Analysis of an Efficient Fresnel Grating Coupler for Focusing Surface Plasmon Polaritons." ACS Photonics 6, no. 3 (February 21, 2019): 600–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.8b01565.

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34

Ardill, Katie, Scott Paterson, and Valbone Memeti. "Spatiotemporal magmatic focusing in upper-mid crustal plutons of the Sierra Nevada arc." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 498 (September 2018): 88–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2018.06.023.

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35

Li, Yi-Cheng, Li-Chung Cheng, Chia-Yuan Chang, Chi-Hsiang Lien, Paul J. Campagnola, and Shean-Jen Chen. "Fast multiphoton microfabrication of freeform polymer microstructures by spatiotemporal focusing and patterned excitation." Optics Express 20, no. 17 (August 3, 2012): 19030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.20.019030.

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36

Aulbach, Jochen, Bergin Gjonaj, Patrick Johnson, and Ad Lagendijk. "Spatiotemporal focusing in opaque scattering media by wave front shaping with nonlinear feedback." Optics Express 20, no. 28 (December 17, 2012): 29237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.20.029237.

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37

Yang, Zheng-Ping, and Wei-Ping Zhong. "Self-Trapping of Three-Dimensional Spatiotemporal Solitary Waves in Self-Focusing Kerr Media." Chinese Physics Letters 29, no. 6 (June 2012): 064211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/29/6/064211.

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38

Liu, Yi, Hongbing Jiang, and Qihuang Gong. "Spatiotemporal transformation of a focused femtosecond pulse in the absence of self-focusing." Optics Letters 31, no. 6 (March 15, 2006): 832. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.31.000832.

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39

Ding, Chaoliang, Olga Korotkova, Dmitri Horoshko, Zhiguo Zhao, and Liuzhan Pan. "Evolution of Spatiotemporal Intensity of Partially Coherent Pulsed Beams with Spatial Cosine-Gaussian and Temporal Laguerre–Gaussian Correlations in Still, Pure Water." Photonics 8, no. 4 (April 2, 2021): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8040102.

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A new family of partially coherent pulsed beams with spatial cosine-Gaussian and temporal Laguerre–Gaussian correlations, named spatial cosine-Gaussian and temporal Laguerre–Gaussian correlated Schell-model (SCTLGSM) pulsed beams, is introduced. An analytic propagation formula is derived for the SCTLGSM pulsed beam through the spatiotemporal ABCD optical system characterizing a continuous dispersive medium. As an example, the evolution of spatiotemporal intensity of the SCTLGSM pulsed beam in a still, pure water column is then investigated. It is found that the SCTLGSM pulsed beams simultaneously exhibit spatiotemporal self-splitting and self-focusing phenomena, which can be attributed to the special spatial/temporal coherence structures and the presence of pulse chirper in the source plane. The physical interpretation of the obtained phenomena is given. The results obtained in this paper will be of interest in underwater optical technologies, e.g., directed energy and communications.

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40

Малевич, В. Л., Г. В. Синицын, and Н. Н. Розанов. "О фокусировке широкополосных терагерцовых импульсов." Журнал технической физики 127, no. 10 (2019): 667. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/os.2019.10.48374.213-19.

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AbstractThe particular features of the focusing of a broadband THz pulse with a Gaussian transverse amplitude distribution by a lens are investigated theoretically. The expressions for the spatiotemporal field distribution on the beam axis and in the focal plane of the lens are obtained in the quasi-optical approximation. It is shown that, for the focusing to be efficient, it is necessary to use lenses with a focal distance that is much shorter than the characteristic diffraction length at the frequency corresponding to the spectral maximum of the THz pulse.

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41

Jing Chenrui, 井晨睿, 王朝晖 Wang Zhaohui, and 程亚 Cheng Ya. "Three-Dimensional Micro- and Nano-Machining Based on Spatiotemporal Focusing Technique of Femtosecond Laser." Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 54, no. 4 (2017): 040005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/lop54.040005.

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42

Deng, Y. B., X. Q. Fu, C. Tan, H. Yang, S. G. Deng, C. X. Xiong, and G. F. Zhang. "Experimental investigation of spatiotemporal evolution of femtosecond laser pulses during small-scale self-focusing." Applied Physics B 114, no. 3 (June 16, 2013): 449–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00340-013-5540-0.

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43

Cai, Benhe, Yanhui Wang, Chong Huang, Jiahao Liu, and Wenxin Teng. "GLSNN Network: A Multi-Scale Spatiotemporal Prediction Model for Urban Traffic Flow." Sensors 22, no. 22 (November 17, 2022): 8880. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22228880.

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Traffic flow prediction is a key issue in intelligent transportation systems. The growing trend in data disclosure has created more potential sources for the input for predictive models, posing new challenges to the prediction of traffic flow in the era of big data. In this study, the prediction of urban traffic flow was regarded as a spatiotemporal prediction problem, focusing on the traffic speed. A Graph LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) Spatiotemporal Neural Network (GLSNN) model was constructed to perform a multi-scale spatiotemporal fusion prediction based on the multi-source input data. The GLSNN model consists of three parts: MS-LSTM, LZ-GCN, and LSTM-GRU. We used the MS-LSTM module to scale the traffic timing data, and then used the LZ-GCN network and the LSTM-GRU network to capture both the time and space dependencies. The model was tested on a real traffic dataset, and the experiment results verified the superior performance of the GLSNN model on both a high-precision and multi-scale prediction of urban traffic flow.

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44

Dezfooliyan, Amir, and Andrew M. Weiner. "Spatiotemporal Focusing of Phase Compensation and Time Reversal in Ultrawideband Systems With Limited Rate Feedback." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 65, no. 4 (April 2016): 1998–2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2015.2420633.

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45

Huang, Hao, Lin Lyu, Maobin Xie, Weiwen Luo, Zhaopin Chen, Zhihuan Luo, Chunqing Huang, Shenhe Fu, and Yongyao Li. "Spatiotemporal solitary modes in a twisted cylinder waveguide shell with the self-focusing Kerr nonlinearity." Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation 67 (February 2019): 617–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cnsns.2018.07.040.

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46

Lu, Huiting, Yan Yan, Jieyuan Zhu, Tiantian Jin, Guohua Liu, Gang Wu, Lindsay C. Stringer, and Martin Dallimer. "Spatiotemporal Water Yield Variations and Influencing Factors in the Lhasa River Basin, Tibetan Plateau." Water 12, no. 5 (May 23, 2020): 1498. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12051498.

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Understanding the spatiotemporal characteristics of water yield and its influencing factors is important for water resources management. In this study, we used the seasonal water yield model (SWYM) to assess the spatiotemporal water yield changes of the Lhasa River Basin from 1990 to 2015, and analyzed its influencing factors by focusing on precipitation, land cover, and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) change. We first examined the model through Morris screening sensitivity analysis and validated it with the observed flow data. Spatiotemporal variation of three indices of water yield, baseflow, quick flow, and local recharge were then assessed. Results showed that from 1990 to 2015, the baseflow, local recharge, and quick flow decreased by 67.03%, 80.21%, and 37.03%, respectively. The spatial pattern of water yield remained mostly unchanged. According to the contribution analysis, precipitation and NDVI change were the main factors affecting water yield in the Lhasa River Basin, while land cover change began to exert greater influence after 2010. A combination of climate change and human activities therefore drive water yield change, especially through vegetation change. Water resources management strategies should thus take into account the combination of rapidly changing climate and human activities.

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47

Liu, Ziqi, Yeping Chen, Jian Li, and Dongqing Zhang. "Spatiotemporal-Dependent Vehicle Routing Problem Considering Carbon Emissions." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2021 (September 24, 2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9729784.

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Aiming to improve the timeliness of logistics distribution and render the optimized route scheme effective under the real traffic network, we study the green vehicle routing problem with dynamic travel speed from both dimensions of time and space. A discrete formulation is proposed to calculate the travel time based on periods and arcs, which allows a vehicle to travel across an arc in multiple periods. Then, we establish a mixed-integer nonlinear programming model with minimum distribution costs including transportation costs, carbon emissions costs, and penalty costs on earliness and tardiness. A hybrid adaptive genetic algorithm with elite neighborhood search is developed to solve the problem. In the algorithm, a neighborhood search operator is employed to optimize elite individuals so that the algorithm can stimulate the intensification and avoid falling into a local optimum. Experimental instances are constructed based on benchmark instances of vehicle routing problem. The numerical results indicate that the proposed algorithm is rather effective in global convergence. Compared with the routing schemes in which travel speed merely varies with time periods or locations, the vehicle route optimized on spatiotemporal-varying speed outperforms them in terms of carbon emissions and timeliness. The research can provide a scientific and reasonable method for logistics enterprises to plan the vehicle schedule focusing on spatiotemporal-dependent speed of the road network.

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Navikas, Vytautas, Adrien C. Descloux, Kristin S. Grussmayer, Sanjin Marion, and Aleksandra Radenovic. "Adaptive optics enables multimode 3D super-resolution microscopy via remote focusing." Nanophotonics 10, no. 9 (June 10, 2021): 2451–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2021-0108.

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Abstract A variety of modern super-resolution microscopy methods provide researchers with previously inconceivable biological sample imaging opportunities at a molecular resolution. All of these techniques excel at imaging samples that are close to the coverslip, however imaging at large depths remains a challenge due to aberrations caused by the sample, diminishing the resolution of the microscope. Originating in astro-imaging, the adaptive optics (AO) approach for wavefront shaping using a deformable mirror is gaining momentum in modern microscopy as a convenient approach for wavefront control. AO has the ability not only to correct aberrations but also enables engineering of the PSF shape, allowing localization of the emitter axial position over several microns. In this study, we demonstrate remote focusing as another AO benefit for super-resolution microscopy. We show the ability to record volumetric data (45 × 45 × 10 µm), while keeping the sample axially stabilized using a standard widefield setup with an adaptive optics addon. We processed the data with single-molecule localization routines and/or computed spatiotemporal correlations, demonstrating subdiffraction resolution.

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van der Heijden, Maartje, Daniël M. Miedema, Bartlomiej Waclaw, Veronique L. Veenstra, Maria C. Lecca, Lisanne E. Nijman, Erik van Dijk, et al. "Spatiotemporal regulation of clonogenicity in colorectal cancer xenografts." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 13 (March 8, 2019): 6140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1813417116.

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Cancer evolution is predominantly studied by focusing on differences in the genetic characteristics of malignant cells within tumors. However, the spatiotemporal dynamics of clonal outgrowth that underlie evolutionary trajectories remain largely unresolved. Here, we sought to unravel the clonal dynamics of colorectal cancer (CRC) expansion in space and time by using a color-based clonal tracing method. This method involves lentiviral red-green-blue (RGB) marking of cell populations, which enabled us to track individual cells and their clonal outgrowth during tumor initiation and growth in a xenograft model. We found that clonal expansion largely depends on the location of a clone, as small clones reside in the center and large clones mostly drive tumor growth at the border. These dynamics are recapitulated in a computational model, which confirms that the clone position within a tumor rather than cell-intrinsic features, is crucial for clonal outgrowth. We also found that no significant clonal loss occurs during tumor growth and clonal dispersal is limited in most models. Our results imply that, in addition to molecular features of clones such as (epi-)genetic differences between cells, clone location and the geometry of tumor growth are crucial for clonal expansion. Our findings suggest that either microenvironmental signals on the tumor border or differences in physical properties within the tumor, are major contributors to explain heterogeneous clonal expansion. Thus, this study provides further insights into the dynamics of solid tumor growth and progression, as well as the origins of tumor cell heterogeneity in a relevant model system.

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Lin, Mu, Zhengdong Huang, Tianhong Zhao, Ying Zhang, and Heyi Wei. "Spatiotemporal Evolution of Travel Pattern Using Smart Card Data." Sustainability 14, no. 15 (August 3, 2022): 9564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159564.

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Automated fare collection (AFC) systems can provide tap-in and tap-out records of passengers, allowing us to conduct a comprehensive analysis of spatiotemporal patterns for urban mobility. These temporal and spatial patterns, especially those observed over long periods, provide a better understanding of urban transportation planning and community historical development. In this paper, we explored spatiotemporal evolution of travel patterns using the smart card data of subway traveling from 2011 to 2017 in Shenzhen. To this end, a Gaussian mixture model with expectation–maximization (EM) algorithm clusters the travel patterns according to the frequency characteristics of passengers’ trips. In particular, we proposed the Pareto principle to negotiate diversified evaluation criteria on model parameters. Seven typical travel patterns are obtained using the proposed algorithm. Our findings highlighted that the proportion of each pattern remains relatively stable from 2011 to 2017, but the regular commuting passengers play an increasingly important position in the passenger flow. Additionally, focusing on the busiest commuting passengers, we depicted the spatial variations over years and identified the characters in different periods. Their cross-year usage of smart cards was finally examined to understand the migration of travel patterns over years. With reference to these methods and insights, transportation planners and policymakers can intuitively understand the historical variations of passengers’ travel patterns, which lays the foundation for improving the service of the subway system.

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