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Huang, Xin, Xiaohan Tang, Xuemei Bai, Honglei Li, Huan Tao, Junting Wang, Yaru Li, et al. "dbEmbryo multi-omics database for analyses of synergistic regulation in early mammalian embryo development." Genome Research 32, no. 8 (August 2022): 1612–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gr.276744.122.
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During early mammalian embryo development, different epigenetic marks undergo reprogramming and play crucial roles in the mediation of gene expression. Currently, several databases provide multi-omics information on early embryos. However, how interconnected epigenetic markers function together to coordinate the expression of the genetic code in a spatiotemporal manner remains difficult to analyze, markedly limiting scientific and clinical research. Here, we present dbEmbryo, an integrated and interactive multi-omics database for human and mouse early embryos. dbEmbryo integrates data on gene expression, DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin accessibility, and higher-order chromatin structure profiles for human and mouse early embryos. It incorporates customized analysis tools, such as “multi-omics visualization,” “Gene&Peak annotation,” “ZGA gene cluster,” “cis-regulation,” “synergistic regulation,” “promoter signal enrichment,” and “3D genome.” Users can retrieve gene expression and epigenetic profile patterns to analyze synergistic changes across different early embryo developmental stages. We showed the uniqueness of dbEmbryo among extant databases containing data on early embryo development and provided an overview. Using dbEmbryo, we obtained a phase-separated model of transcriptional control during early embryo development. dbEmbryo offers web-based analytical tools and a comprehensive resource for biologists and clinicians to decipher molecular regulatory mechanisms of human and mouse early embryo development.
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Coca-Tapia, María, Alicia Cuesta-Gómez, Francisco Molina-Rueda, and María Carratalá-Tejada. "Gait Pattern in People with Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review." Diagnostics 11, no. 4 (March 24, 2021): 584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11040584.
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The aim of the present systematic review was to describe the gait pattern in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) by compiling the main findings obtained from studies using three-dimensional capture systems of human movement. The search was carried out in PubMed, Web of Science, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL) databases. Studies that used three-dimensional gait analysis systems and that analyzed spatiotemporal, kinematic, kinetic, or electromyographic parameters, were included. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Critical Review Form–Quantitative Studies scale. 12 articles were included with 523 (342 women and 181 men) people with a diagnosis of MS. The present work suggests that people with MS have a decrease in speed and stride length, as well as an increase in double-stance intervals during gait. Likewise, it is common to observe a decrease in hip extension during the stance period, a decrease in knee flexion in the swing period, a decrease in ankle dorsiflexion in the initial contact and a decrease in ankle plantar flexion during the pre-swing phase. The subjects with MS decrease the hip extensor moment and the ankle power during the stance period of walking.
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Mahyuddin, Andi Isra, Sandro Mihradi, Tatacipta Dirgantara, and Prisanto N. Maulido. "Gait Parameters Determination by 2D Optical Motion Analyzer System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 83 (July 2011): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.83.123.
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In the present work, an optical motion-capture system combined with software for 2D clinical gait analysis is utilized to determine spatiotemporal gait parameters such as stride-length, cadence, cycle-time, and speed as well as joint angles. The developed system consists of a video camera with a maximum speed of 90fps, LED markers, PC and technical computing software, which are developed for tracking markers attached to human body during motion and to calculate kinematics and kinetics parameters of human gait. Gait data of 60 subjects within the age group between 18 to 49 years are measured as part of an effort to develop normal walking database of Indonesian people. In the experiments, the subject is instructed to walk in a specially-arranged measurement area, which is calibrated using the Direct Linear Transformation (DLT) method. Before the measurement, the body posture of each subject is evaluated to ensure normalcy. To validate the system, the obtained gait data is compared to the available normal walking database, and the results obtained by the system show good compatibility.
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McCarthy, Catherine, and Jan van Dijk. "Spatiotemporal trends in cattle lungworm disease (Dictyocaulus viviparus) in Great Britain from 1975 to 2014." Veterinary Record 186, no. 19 (February 17, 2020): 642. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.105509.
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BackgroundClinical disease caused by the bovine lungworm (Dictyocaulus viviparus) causes significant welfare and economic problems for the livestock industry. Anecdotal reports suggest that the number of clinical cases has increased, particularly in Northern England and Scotland. However, these spatiotemporal changes have not been quantified and the current impact that the disease is having across Great Britain remains unclear.MethodsHere, we report a retrospective analysis of the spatial distribution, seasonality and age of lungworm cases reported by the Veterinary Investigation Diagnosis Analysis database from 1975 to 2014.ResultsA sharp overall increase in the dictyocaulosis diagnostic rate (DR, cases / 1000 submissions) was observed, with, for example, median 2010–2014 DR 3.5 times as high as 1980–1984 DR. Such increases were most pronounced for Scotland, which became the region with the highest proportion of cases by 2009. Cases were increasingly diagnosed during the winter months (December–February).ConclusionThe apparent spatiotemporal changes in lungworm epidemiology pose new challenges to cattle farmers in Great Britain. Farmers and veterinarians need to remain vigilant for this disease and consider it as a possible cause for milk production losses at any time of the year. Awareness levels may have to be raised particularly in northern England and Scotland.
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Li, Ming, Da-Ming Xu, Shu-Bin Lin, Zheng-Liang Yang, Teng-Yu Xu, Jin-Huan Yang, and Jun Yin. "Single-Cell Gene Expression Analysis in Patients with Medullary Sponge Kidney and a Retrospective Study." BioMed Research International 2022 (November 11, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7688947.
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Objective. To establish better diagnosis thinking and provide advanced understanding of MSK, the CT imaging features, clinical characteristics, and the expression of suspected genes in the kidney spatiotemporal immune zonation and fetal renal development were investigated. Methods. 17 patients with MSK hospitalized in our hospital were selected as our research subjects. Human Phenotype Ontology, MalaCards: The Human Disease Database, GeneCards: The Human Gene Database, Human Protein Atlas, and Single Cell Expression Atlas were used to analyze this disease. Results. In our 17 patients, the incidence of MSK tended to be the same in male and female, and the onset age of MSK was probably 31-50 years old. The top one related disease of MSK was nephrocalcinosis and the most frequent phenotype related to MSK was nephrolithiasis. In addition, the expression of HNF1B, CLCN5, GDNF, ATP6V0A4, ATP6V1B1, LAMA2, RET, ACAN, and ABCC8 has been implicated in both human kidney immune zonation and fetal kidney development. Conclusions. HNF1B, CLCN5, GDNF, ATP6V0A4, ATP6V1B1, LAMA2, RET, ACAN, and ABCC8 could be independent indicators for the diagnosis and preventive intervention of MSK patients, and abnormal kidney development due to mutations in key genes was the underlying cause of MSK.
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Hu, Dengke, Qinqin Xie, Qianying Liu, Tonghong Zuo, Hecui Zhang, Yizhong Zhang, Xiaoping Lian, and Liquan Zhu. "Genome-Wide Distribution, Expression and Function Analysis of the U-Box Gene Family in Brassica oleracea L." Genes 10, no. 12 (December 2, 2019): 1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10121000.
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The plant U-box (PUB) protein family plays an important role in plant growth and development. The U-box gene family has been well studied in Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica rapa, rice, etc., but there have been no systematic studies in Brassica oleracea. In this study, we performed genome-wide identification and evolutionary analysis of the U-box protein family of B. oleracea. Firstly, based on the Brassica database (BRAD) and the Bolbase database, 99 Brassica oleracea PUB genes were identified and divided into seven groups (I–VII). The BoPUB genes are unevenly distributed on the nine chromosomes of B. oleracea, and there are tandem repeat genes, leading to family expansion from the A. thaliana genome to the B. oleracea genome. The protein interaction network, GO annotation, and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the biological processes and specific functions of the BoPUB genes may mainly involve abiotic stress. RNA-seq transcriptome data of different pollination times revealed spatiotemporal expression specificity of the BoPUB genes. The differential expression profile was consistent with the results of RT-qPCR analysis. Additionally, a large number of pollen-specific cis-acting elements were found in promoters of differentially expressed genes (DEG), which verified that these significantly differentially expressed genes after self-pollination (SP) were likely to participate in the self-incompatibility (SI) process, including gene encoding ARC1, a well-known downstream protein of SI in B. oleracea. Our study provides valuable information indicating that the BoPUB genes participates not only in the abiotic stress response, but are also involved in pollination.
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Mamillapalli, Chaitanya K., Timothy K. Markwell, Jason K. Ellis, John Pfiefer, Tushar Pandey, John A. Cole, Joseph R. Peterson, and Daniel J. Fox. "Spatiotemporal modeling with SimBioSys TumorScope to predict chemotherapeutic response in breast tumor microenvironments." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): e12656-e12656. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e12656.
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e12656 Background: Predictive models of the efficacy of different tumor therapies will provide significant enhancements to current standard of care practices. Predicting a given tumor’s growth and treatment response, however, is an intricate process that requires not only an understanding of the tumor's intrinsic characteristics, but also spatial- and temporal-resolved tumor shape descriptions, surrounding tissue dynamics, and a complete account for the milieu of diffusible molecules that drive tumor behaviors and interactions. Here we report an ongoing retrospective study designed to validate SimBioSys TumorScope as a computational tumor therapy prediction model in a real-world clinical setting. Methods: Fully-deidentified and HIPAA-compliant data were assessed from real-world clinical records and cases. Subjects comprised early stage breast cancer patients who were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and subsequent surgical resection. Data fields included imaging data, biomarker status, tumor sizing, demographic data, digital pathology, and genetic lab test data. Half of the data, including all data fields, were used as a training dataset for TumorScope. The second half of the data, with blinded diagnoses and results, will be used to test TumorScope’s prediction accuracy. Simulations will be initialized with pre-treatment MRI data and processed through the entirety of each patient's specified treatment regimen. Predicted tumor volume and longest dimension will be compared against measured values at several time-points after therapy initiation. Overall accuracy will be statistically assessed by the Pearson correlation coefficient between predicted and measured tumor volume and longest dimension at each time-point, as well as their root-mean-squared-errors. Results: Final statistical analysis is currently underway. Thus far, SimBioSys TumorScope has trended high accuracy levels with the non-blinded “training” cohort just as it has in previous database studies, with a Pearson correlation coefficient greater than 0.94. Conclusions: SimBioSys TumorScope for Breast Cancer accurately predicts patient NACT responses via spatio-temporal modeling of drug and nutrient perfusion, metabolic behavior, and the physio-chemical interactions between surrounding tissues. Future prospective studies may assess TumorScope’s capacity to support efficient patient treatments and enhance overall standard of care.
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Yu, Sean C., Albert M. Lai, Justin Smyer, Jennifer Flaherty, Julie E. Mangino, Ann Scheck McAlearney, Po-Yin Yen, Susan Moffatt-Bruce, and Courtney L. Hebert. "Novel Visualization of Clostridium difficile Infections in Intensive Care Units." ACI Open 03, no. 02 (July 2019): e71-e77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1693651.
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Background Accurate and timely surveillance and diagnosis of health care facility onset Clostridium difficile infection (HO-CDI) is vital to controlling infections within the hospital, but there are limited tools to assist with timely outbreak investigations. Objectives The objective of this study was to integrate spatiotemporal factors with HO-CDI cases and to develop a map-based dashboard to support infection preventionists (IPs) in performing surveillance and outbreak investigations for HO-CDI. Methods Clinical laboratory results and Admit-Transfer-Discharge data for admitted patients over 2 years were extracted from the information warehouse of a large academic medical center (AMC) and processed according to the Center for Disease Control National Healthcare Safety Network definitions to classify CDI cases by onset date. Results were validated against the internal infection surveillance database maintained by IPs in Clinical Epidemiology of this AMC. Hospital floor plans were combined with HO-CDI case data, to create a dashboard of intensive care units. Usability testing was performed with a think-aloud session and a survey. Results The simple classification algorithm identified all 265 HO-CDI cases from January 1, 2015 to November 30, 2015 with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 96.3%. When applied to data from 2014, the PPV was 94.6%. All users “strongly agreed” that the dashboard would be a positive addition to Clinical Epidemiology and would enable them to present hospital-acquired infection information to others more efficiently. Conclusion The CDI dashboard demonstrates the feasibility of mapping clinical data to hospital patient care units for more efficient surveillance and potential outbreak investigations.
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Xu, Zongchang, Prince Marowa, Han Liu, Haina Du, Chengsheng Zhang, and Yiqiang Li. "Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of P-Type Plasma Membrane H+-ATPase Sub-Gene Family in Sunflower and the Role of HHA4 and HHA11 in the Development of Salt Stress Resistance." Genes 11, no. 4 (March 27, 2020): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11040361.
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The P-type plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase plays a major role during the growth and development of a plant. It is also involved in plant resistance to a variety of biotic and abiotic factors, including salt stress. The PM H+-ATPase gene family has been well characterized in Arabidopsis and other crop plants such as rice, cucumber, and potato; however, the same cannot be said in sunflower (Helianthus annuus). In this study, a total of thirteen PM H+-ATPase genes were screened from the recently released sunflower genome database with a comprehensive genome-wide analysis. According to a systematic phylogenetic classification with a previously reported species, the sunflower PM H+-ATPase genes (HHAs) were divided into four sub-clusters (I, II, IV, and V). In addition, systematic bioinformatics analyses such as gene structure analysis, chromosome location analysis, subcellular localization predication, conserved motifs, and Cis-acting elements of promoter identification were also done. Semi-quantitative PCR analysis data of HHAs in different sunflower tissues revealed the specificity of gene spatiotemporal expression and sub-cluster grouping. Those belonging to sub-cluster I and II exhibited wide expression in almost all of the tissues studied while sub-cluster IV and V seldom showed expression. In addition, the expression of HHA4, HHA11, and HHA13 was shown to be induced by salt stress. The transgenic plants overexpressing HHA4 and HHA11 showed higher salinity tolerance compared with wild-type plants. Further analysis showed that the Na+ content of transgenic Arabidopsis plants decreased under salt stress, which indicates that PM H+ ATPase participates in the physiological process of Na+ efflux, resulting in salt resistance of the plants. This study is the first to identify and analyze the sunflower PM H+ ATPase gene family. It does not only lay foundation for future research but also demonstrates the role played by HHAs in salt stress tolerance.
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El Karoui, Khalil, Maryvonne Hourmant, Carole Ayav, François Glowacki, Cécile Couchoud, and Nathanaël Lapidus. "Vaccination and COVID-19 Dynamics in Dialysis Patients." Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 17, no. 3 (February 10, 2022): 395–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.2215/cjn.10300721.
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Background and objectivesDialysis patients have a high mortality risk after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and an altered immunologic response to vaccines, but vaccine clinical effectiveness remains unknown in this population.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsUsing Bayesian multivariable spatiotemporal models, we estimated the association between vaccine exposure and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) severe infections (with hospital admission) in dialysis patients from simultaneous incidence in the general population. For dialysis patients, cases were reported within the French end-stage kidney disease REIN registry from March 11, 2020, to April 29, 2021, and vaccine exposure (first dose) was reported in weekly national surveys since January 2021. Cases in the general population were obtained from the national exhaustive inpatient surveillance system (SI-VIC database), and vaccination coverage (first dose) was obtained from the national surveillance system (VAC-SI database).ResultsDuring the first wave, incidence in dialysis patients was approximately proportional to the general population. However, we showed a lower relative incidence for dialysis patients during the second wave (compared with that observed in nondialysis patients), suggesting an effect of prevention measures. Moreover, from the beginning of the vaccination rollout, incidence in dialysis patients was lower compared with predictions based on the first and second waves. Adding vaccination coverages in dialysis and nondialysis patients as predictors allowed the reported cases to be fit correctly (3685 predicted cases, 95% confidence interval, 3552 to 3816, versus 3620 reported). Incidence rate ratios were 0.37 (95% confidence interval, 0.18 to 0.71) for vaccine exposure in dialysis patients and 0.50 (95% confidence interval, 0.40 to 0.61) per 10% higher in vaccination coverage in the same-age general population, meaning that vaccine exposure in dialysis patients and the general population was independently associated with lower hospitalization rate of dialysis patients.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that vaccination may yield a protective effect against severe forms of COVID-19 in dialysis patients, despite altered immunologic vaccine responses.
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Francisco-Martínez, Celia, Juan Prado-Olivarez, José A. Padilla-Medina, Javier Díaz-Carmona, Francisco J. Pérez-Pinal, Alejandro I. Barranco-Gutiérrez, and Juan J. Martínez-Nolasco. "Upper Limb Movement Measurement Systems for Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Literature Review." Sensors 21, no. 23 (November 26, 2021): 7884. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21237884.
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Quantifying the quality of upper limb movements is fundamental to the therapeutic process of patients with cerebral palsy (CP). Several clinical methods are currently available to assess the upper limb range of motion (ROM) in children with CP. This paper focuses on identifying and describing available techniques for the quantitative assessment of the upper limb active range of motion (AROM) and kinematics in children with CP. Following the screening and exclusion of articles that did not meet the selection criteria, we analyzed 14 studies involving objective upper extremity assessments of the AROM and kinematics using optoelectronic devices, wearable sensors, and low-cost Kinect sensors in children with CP aged 4–18 years. An increase in the motor function of the upper extremity and an improvement in most of the daily tasks reviewed were reported. In the population of this study, the potential of wearable sensors and the Kinect sensor natural user interface as complementary devices for the quantitative evaluation of the upper extremity was evident. The Kinect sensor is a clinical assessment tool with a unique markerless motion capture system. Few authors had described the kinematic models and algorithms used to estimate their kinematic analysis in detail. However, the kinematic models in these studies varied from 4 to 10 segments. In addition, few authors had followed the joint assessment recommendations proposed by the International Society of Biomechanics (ISB). This review showed that three-dimensional analysis systems were used primarily for monitoring and evaluating spatiotemporal variables and kinematic parameters of upper limb movements. The results indicated that optoelectronic devices were the most commonly used systems. The joint assessment recommendations proposed by the ISB should be used because they are approved standards for human kinematic assessments. This review was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42021257211).
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Büttner, Fionn, David R. Howell, Clare L. Ardern, Cailbhe Doherty, Catherine Blake, John Ryan, Robert Catena, et al. "Concussed athletes walk slower than non-concussed athletes during cognitive-motor dual-task assessments but not during single-task assessments 2 months after sports concussion: a systematic review and meta-analysis using individual participant data." British Journal of Sports Medicine 54, no. 2 (July 22, 2019): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2018-100164.
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ObjectivesTo determine whether individuals who sustained a sports concussion would exhibit persistent impairments in gait and quiet standing compared to non-injured controls during a dual-task assessment .DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis using individual participant data (IPD).Data sourcesThe search strategy was applied across seven electronic bibliographic and grey literature databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, SportDISCUS, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES and Web of Science, from database inception until June 2017.Eligibility criteria for study selectionStudies were included if; individuals with a sports concussion and non-injured controls were included as participants; a steady-state walking or static postural balance task was used as the primary motor task; dual-task performance was assessed with the addition of a secondary cognitive task; spatiotemporal, kinematic or kinetic outcome variables were reported, and; included studies comprised an observational study design with case–control matching.Data extraction and synthesisOur review is reported in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analyses-IPD Statement. We implemented the Risk of Bias Assessment tool for Non-randomised Studies to undertake an outcome-level risk of bias assessment using a domain-based tool. Study-level data were synthesised in one of three tiers depending on the availability and quality of data: (1) homogeneous IPD; (2) heterogeneous IPD and (3) aggregate data for inclusion in a descriptive synthesis. IPD were aggregated using a ‘one-stage’, random-effects model.Results26 studies were included. IPD were available for 20 included studies. Consistently high and unclear risk of bias was identified for selection, detection, attrition, and reporting biases across studies. Individuals with a recent sports concussion walked with slower average walking speed (χ2=51.7; df=4; p<0.001; mean difference=0.06 m/s; 95% CI: 0.004 to 0.11) and greater frontal plane centre of mass displacement (χ2=10.3; df=4; p=0.036; mean difference −0.0039 m; 95% CI: −0.0075 to −0.0004) than controls when evaluated using a dual-task assessment up to 2 months following concussion.Summary/conclusionsOur IPD evidence synthesis identifies that, when evaluated using a dual-task assessment, individuals who had incurred a sports concussion exhibited impairments in gait that persisted beyond reported standard clinical recovery timelines of 7–10 days. Dual-task assessment (with motion capture) may be a useful clinical assessment to evaluate recovery after sports concussion.Protocol pre-registrationThis systematic review was prospectively registered in PROSPERO CRD42017064861.
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Schmutz, Amandine, Laurence Chèze, Julien Jacques, and Pauline Martin. "A Method to Estimate Horse Speed per Stride from One IMU with a Machine Learning Method." Sensors 20, no. 2 (January 17, 2020): 518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20020518.
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With the emergence of numerical sensors in sports, there is an increasing need for tools and methods to compute objective motion parameters with great accuracy. In particular, inertial measurement units are increasingly used in the clinical domain or the sports one to estimate spatiotemporal parameters. The purpose of the present study was to develop a model that can be included in a smart device in order to estimate the horse speed per stride from accelerometric and gyroscopic data without the use of a global positioning system, enabling the use of such a tool in both indoor and outdoor conditions. The accuracy of two speed calculation methods was compared: one signal based and one machine learning model. Those two methods allowed the calculation of speed from accelerometric and gyroscopic data without any other external input. For this purpose, data were collected under various speeds on straight lines and curved paths. Two reference systems were used to measure the speed in order to have a reference speed value to compare each tested model and estimate their accuracy. Those models were compared according to three different criteria: the percentage of error above 0.6 m/s, the RMSE, and the Bland and Altman limit of agreement. The machine learning method outperformed its competitor by giving the lowest value for all three criteria. The main contribution of this work is that it is the first method that gives an accurate speed per stride for horses without being coupled with a global positioning system or a magnetometer. No similar study performed on horses exists to compare our work with, so the presented model is compared to existing models for human walking. Moreover, this tool can be extended to other equestrian sports, as well as bipedal locomotion as long as consistent data are provided to train the machine learning model. The machine learning model’s accurate results can be explained by the large database built to train the model and the innovative way of slicing stride data before using them as an input for the model.
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Merz, Maximilian, Lei Wei, Qiang Hu, Almuth Maria Anni Merz, Jie Wang, Ahmed Belal, Ronald Alberico, et al. "Clinical Significance of Spatial Heterogeneity in Newly Diagnosed and Relapsed Multiple Myeloma." Blood 138, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2021): 1607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2021-152427.
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Abstract Introduction Malignant plasma cells (PC) in multiple myeloma (MM) are not homogeneously distributed in the bone marrow and spatial genomic heterogeneity is an evolving concept in MM. PC for histopathology, cytogenetic and molecular analyses and minimal residual disease (MRD) assessment are usually obtained from the iliac crest. This might introduce bias into diagnostic procedures since focal lesions (FL) occur in more than 80% of patients. Methods In April 2019, we initiated a prospective trial to compare findings from imaging-guided biopsies of FL detected by PET/CT and paired standard sampling from the posterior iliac crests (IC) in patients with newly diagnosed (NDMM) and relapsed/refractory MM (RRMM). Bone marrow aspirates from FL and paired IC samples were analyzed with next-generation flow (NGF) for phenotypic and MRD assessment (sensitivity level 10 -5) post therapy where applicable. PC from both locations were isolated using anti-CD138 magnetic beads and subjected to whole-exome sequencing (WES). Last year, we reported on longitudinal assessment of spatiotemporal immunogenomic heterogeneity in this cohort (https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-142622). With a longer follow-up, we report clinical significance of the respective findings. Results In total, 18 patients (10 NDMM, 8 RRMM) underwent bone marrow aspirates from the IC and imaging-guided biopsies of paired FL. Para-medullary disease (PMD) was observed in 4 patients (1 NDMM, 3 RRMM). Unshared mutations from WES between both locations were identified in every patient. In 12 out of 18 patients (8 NDMM and 4 RRMM), less than 20% of mutations were unshared between IC and FL. Patients with >20% unshared mutations had RRMM and/or a history of PMD. The prognostic significance of unshared mutations was emphasized by lesion-specific detection of high-risk mutations (e.g. TP53) and copy number variations (e.g. gains/losses of Chr 1 and del(17p)). To investigate whether unshared mutations might be accessible for therapeutic interventions, the Drug Gene Interaction Database was queried. More interactions were found in FL (n=886) compared to IC (n=505). Furthermore, we showed spatially divergent existence of PC that contribute to resistance, e.g. against proteasome inhibition through mutations in proteasome subunit PSMC3. Next, we investigated whether MRD assessment from IC and FL provides congruent results. In three patients with MRD-negative IC bone marrow aspirates, we obtained clinically relevant divergent results from FL biopsies. In a patient in complete response (CR) after 5 cycles RVD (Lenalidomide, Bortezomib, Dexamethasone), autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) and 5 years of lenalidomide maintenance, follow-up PET/CT showed a single new FL in the caudal right ilium. While NGF showed persistent MRD-negativity in the ICt, NGF from the FL revealed monocloncal PC. Since there were no other signs of progressive disease, the patient was followed with close surveillance. Repeat PET/CT after 5 months showed progression of the FL. Serological evaluation confirmed relapse from CR and systemic treatment was initiated. In another patient with MRD-negative IC bone marrow aspirate after 4 cycles RVD, imaging-guided biopsy of a T10 residual FL showed monoclonal PC. Mass spectrometry of supernatants from IC aspirates showed persistence of monoclonal protein in each patient. Second primary malignancies (SPM) were detected by imaging-guided biopsies: Multiple PET-positive FL occurred in a MRD-negative patient after 4 cycles of RD, ASCT and 3 years lenalidomide maintenance. NGF confirmed MRD-negativity in IC and FL aspirates. NGF detected no malignant cells in the peripheral blood but B-lymphoblasts were detected in one of the PET-positive FL. Allogeneic stem cell transplant was performed after induction therapy and there is no detectable MM or B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Conclusions We demonstrate clinical significance of spatial heterogeneity in NDMM and RRMM through site-specific detection of mutations and chromosomal aberrations associated with adverse outcome and drug susceptibility. Our findings showing divergent results from MRD assessments in bone marrow and FL underline the critical role of whole-body imaging for follow-up of patients in remission. Sampling plasma cells solely from the IC limits the ability for complete clinical decision-making. Disclosures Merz: Sanofi: Honoraria; Janssen: Honoraria; BMS: Honoraria; Hexal: Honoraria; GSK: Honoraria. Barnidge: The Binding Site: Current Employment. McCarthy: Janssen: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Bristol Myers Squibb: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Bluebird: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Juno: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Karyopharm: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Magenta Therapeutics: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Oncopeptides: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Takeda: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Hillengass: Beijing Life Oasis Public Service Center: Speakers Bureau; Beijing Medical Award Foundation: Speakers Bureau; Skyline: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Sanofi: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Oncopeptides: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Oncotracker: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Curio Science: Speakers Bureau; GlaxoSmithKline: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Bristol Myers Squibb: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Axxess Network: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Adaptive: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.
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Beauchet, Olivier, Helena M. Blumen, Michele L. Callisaya, Anne-Marie De Cock, Reto W. Kressig, Velandai Srikanth, Jean-Paul Steinmetz, Joe Verghese, and Gilles Allali. "Spatiotemporal Gait Characteristics Associated with Cognitive Impairment: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study, the Intercontinental “Gait, cOgnitiOn & Decline” Initiative." Current Alzheimer Research 15, no. 3 (January 23, 2018): 273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205014666170725125621.
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Background: The study aims to determine the spatiotemporal gait parameters and/or their combination(s) that best differentiate between cognitively healthy individuals (CHI), patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and those with mild and moderate dementia, regardless of the etiology of cognitive impairment. Methods: A total of 2099 participants (1015 CHI, 478 patients with MCI, 331 patients with mild dementia and 275 with moderate dementia) were selected from the intercontinental “Gait, cOgnitiOn & Decline” (GOOD) initiative, which merged different databases from seven cross-sectional studies. Mean values and coefficients of variation (CoV) of spatiotemporal gait parameters were recorded during usual walking with the GAITRite® system. Results: The severity of cognitive impairment was associated with worse performance on all gait parameters. Stride velocity had the strongest association with cognitive impairment, regardless of cognitive status. High mean value and CoV of stride length characterized moderate dementia, whereas increased CoV of stride time was specific to MCI status. Conclusion: The findings support the existence of specific cognitive impairment-related gait disturbances with differences related to stages of cognitive impairment, which may be used to screen individuals with cognitive impairment.
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Santisteban, L., M. Teremetz, J. Irazusta, P. G. Lindberg, and A. Rodriguez-Larrad. "Outcome measures used in trials on gait rehabilitation in multiple sclerosis: A systematic literature review." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 30, 2021): e0257809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257809.
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Background Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is associated with impaired gait and a growing number of clinical trials have investigated efficacy of various interventions. Choice of outcome measures is crucial in determining efficiency of interventions. However, it remains unclear whether there is consensus on which outcome measures to use in gait intervention studies in MS. Objective We aimed to identify the commonly selected outcome measures in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on gait rehabilitation interventions in people with MS. Additional aims were to identify which of the domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) are the most studied and to characterize how outcome measures are combined and adapted to MS severity. Methods Pubmed, Cochrane Central, Embase and Scopus databases were searched for RCT studies on gait interventions in people living with MS according to PRISMA guidelines. Results In 46 RCTs, we identified 69 different outcome measures. The most used outcome measures were 6-minute walking test and the Timed Up and Go test, used in 37% of the analyzed studies. They were followed by gait spatiotemporal parameters (35%) most often used to inform on gait speed, cadence, and step length. Fatigue was measured in 39% of studies. Participation was assessed in 50% of studies, albeit with a wide variety of scales. Only 39% of studies included measures covering all ICF levels, and Participation measures were rarely combined with gait spatiotemporal parameters (only two studies). Conclusions Selection of outcome measures remains heterogenous in RCTs on gait rehabilitation interventions in MS. However, there is a growing consensus on the need for quantitative gait spatiotemporal parameter measures combined with clinical assessments of gait, balance, and mobility in RCTs on gait interventions in MS. Future RCTs should incorporate measures of fatigue and measures from Participation domain of ICF to provide comprehensive evaluation of trial efficacy across all levels of functioning.
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Sánchez-Gómez, Luis María, Ana Isabel Hijas-Gómez, Mar Polo-DeSantos, and Setefilla Luengo-Matos. "VP92 Portable Robotic Exoskeleton Stride Management Assist (SMA®)." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 35, S1 (2019): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462319003362.
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IntroductionThe Stride Management Assist (SMA®) device consist in a portable robotic exoskeleton designed for gait rehabilitation and training by repetition of walking patterns with automated regular gait cycles. Used for adult population with gait disorders of neurological or musculoskeletal origin that require rehabilitation. The objective of this work is to assess its efficacy and safety.MethodsThis technology was identified by the early Awareness and Alert System, “SINTESIS-new technologies” of AETS-ISCIII. An early assessment of the technology was conducted. The searched databases were: Pubmed, Embase, WOS, Tripdatabase, ClinicalTrials.org and Cochrane Library. Clinical studies using the device published in any language until 10 October 2018 were reviewed.ResultsWe found 3 abstracts to congresses and 6 clinical trials that evaluated the use of the device. Outcomes measures among studies included spatiotemporal gait parameters, energy expenditure, muscular activity and functional performance. Five studies consisted in proof-of-concept analysis; 3 studies evaluated the effect of gait training with SMA® compared with conventional therapy alone in individuals after stroke (2 studies) and Parkinson disease (1 study); and 1 before-and-after study assessed the effect of gait training with SMA® in elderly adults. During its use, improvements in spatiotemporal gait parameters were described in 4/5 studies, and 2/5 studies showed less energy expenditure versus 2/5 studies that found no differences. After gait training, 3/4 studies described greater improvements in gait parameters when associated its use. Only one clinical trial collected safety data reporting no adverse events.ConclusionsThe SMA® device allows to increase the efficiency and parameters of the march during its use. The assistance in the stride might have an impact on health by facilitating the recovery of the gait; however, further research is needed to determine the feasibility in the latter case since comparative studies with conventional therapy are limited.
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Keum, Seula, Soo Jung Yang, Esther Park, TaeIn Kang, Jee-Hye Choi, Jangho Jeong, Ye Eun Hwang, Jung-Woong Kim, Dongeun Park, and Sangmyung Rhee. "Beta-Pix-dynamin 2 complex promotes colorectal cancer progression by facilitating membrane dynamics." Cellular Oncology 44, no. 6 (September 28, 2021): 1287–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13402-021-00637-6.
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Abstract Purpose Spatiotemporal regulation of cell membrane dynamics is a major process that promotes cancer cell invasion by acting as a driving force for cell migration. Beta-Pix (βPix), a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rac1, has been reported to be involved in actin-mediated cellular processes, such as cell migration, by interacting with various proteins. As yet, however, the molecular mechanisms underlying βPix-mediated cancer cell invasion remain unclear. Methods The clinical significance of βPix was analyzed in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) using public clinical databases. Pull-down and immunoprecipitation assays were employed to identify novel binding partners for βPix. Additionally, various cell biological assays including immunocytochemistry and time-lapse video microscopy were performed to assess the effects of βPix on CRC progression. A βPix-SH3 antibody delivery system was used to determine the effects of the βPix-Dyn2 complex in CRC cells. Results We found that the Src homology 3 (SH3) domain of βPix interacts with the proline-rich domain of Dynamin 2 (Dyn2), a large GTPase. The βPix-Dyn2 interaction promoted lamellipodia formation, along with plasma membrane localization of membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP). Furthermore, we found that Src kinase-mediated phosphorylation of the tyrosine residue at position 442 of βPix enhanced βPix-Dyn2 complex formation. Disruption of the βPix-Dyn2 complex by βPix-SH3 antibodies targeting intracellular βPix inhibited CRC cell invasion. Conclusions Our data indicate that spatiotemporal regulation of the Src-βPix-Dyn2 axis is crucial for CRC cell invasion by promoting membrane dynamics and MT1-MMP recruitment into the leading edge. The development of inhibitors that disrupt the βPix-Dyn2 complex may be a useful therapeutic strategy for CRC.
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Pinheiro, Cristiana, Joana Figueiredo, João Cerqueira, and Cristina P. Santos. "Robotic Biofeedback for Post-Stroke Gait Rehabilitation: A Scoping Review." Sensors 22, no. 19 (September 22, 2022): 7197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22197197.
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This review aims to recommend directions for future research on robotic biofeedback towards prompt post-stroke gait rehabilitation by investigating the technical and clinical specifications of biofeedback systems (BSs), including the complementary use with assistive devices and/or physiotherapist-oriented cues. A literature search was conducted from January 2019 to September 2022 on Cochrane, Embase, PubMed, PEDro, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Data regarding technical (sensors, biofeedback parameters, actuators, control strategies, assistive devices, physiotherapist-oriented cues) and clinical (participants’ characteristics, protocols, outcome measures, BSs’ effects) specifications of BSs were extracted from the relevant studies. A total of 31 studies were reviewed, which included 660 stroke survivors. Most studies reported visual biofeedback driven according to the comparison between real-time kinetic or spatiotemporal data from wearable sensors and a threshold. Most studies achieved statistically significant improvements on sensor-based and clinical outcomes between at least two evaluation time points. Future research should study the effectiveness of using multiple wearable sensors and actuators to provide personalized biofeedback to users with multiple sensorimotor deficits. There is space to explore BSs complementing different assistive devices and physiotherapist-oriented cues according to their needs. There is a lack of randomized-controlled studies to explore post-stroke stage, mental and sensory effects of BSs.
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Panina, Yulia, Peter Karagiannis, Andreas Kurtz, Glyn N. Stacey, and Wataru Fujibuchi. "Human Cell Atlas and cell-type authentication for regenerative medicine." Experimental & Molecular Medicine 52, no. 9 (September 2020): 1443–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s12276-020-0421-1.
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Abstract In modern biology, the correct identification of cell types is required for the developmental study of tissues and organs and the production of functional cells for cell therapies and disease modeling. For decades, cell types have been defined on the basis of morphological and physiological markers and, more recently, immunological markers and molecular properties. Recent advances in single-cell RNA sequencing have opened new doors for the characterization of cells at the individual and spatiotemporal levels on the basis of their RNA profiles, vastly transforming our understanding of cell types. The objective of this review is to survey the current progress in the field of cell-type identification, starting with the Human Cell Atlas project, which aims to sequence every cell in the human body, to molecular marker databases for individual cell types and other sources that address cell-type identification for regenerative medicine based on cell data guidelines.
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Bonilla-Aldana, D. Katterine, S. Daniela Jimenez-Diaz, Joshuan J. Barboza, and Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales. "Mapping the Spatiotemporal Distribution of Bovine Rabies in Colombia, 2005–2019." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 7, no. 12 (November 29, 2022): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7120406.
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Introduction: Rabies is caused by a virus belonging to the genus Lyssavirus and family Rhabdoviridae, which can infect any mammal including humans. Hematophagous, fructivorous, and insectivorous bats have become the main reservoir of sylvatic rabies in Latin America. In the sylvatic cycle, hematophagous bats are usually the main reservoir. In contrast, dogs and cats fulfil this critical role in the urban cycle. However, in rural areas, the most affected animals are bovines. They show clinical signs such as behavioural changes, hypersalivation, muscle tremors, spasms caused by extensive damage to the central nervous system, and death from respiratory paralysis. Objective: To describe the spatiotemporal distribution of bovine rabies in Colombia from 2005 to 2019. Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional descriptive observational study, based on the monthly reports of the Colombian Agricultural Institute (ICA) on the surveillance of bovine rabies in Colombia from 2005 to 2019, retrieved from its official website. The data were converted to databases in Microsoft Access 365®. Multiple epidemiological maps were developed with the GIS software Kosmo RC1® 3.0 coupled to the shape files (.shp) of all the country’s municipalities. Results: During the study period, 4888 cases of rabies were confirmed in cattle, ranging from a peak of 542 cases (11.1%) in 2014 to 43 in 2019 (0.88%). From 2014 to 2019, there has been a significant reduction in the annual national number of cases (r2 = 0.9509, p < 0.05). In 2019, 32.6% of the cases occurred in January, and 48.8% occurred in the department of Sucre. In 2009, the maximum number of spatial clusters (13) occurred in the Orinoquia region, where other clusters were also identified in 2005, 2006 and 2008. In 2018, 98 outbreaks were identified that led to the death of cattle and other animals, 28.6% of them in the department of Sucre. In the first half of 2019, of 38 outbreaks, 55.2% were identified in Sucre. Conclusions: It is necessary to review the current national program for the prevention and control of rabies in cattle, incorporating concepts from the ecology of bats, as well as the prediction of contagion waves of geographical and temporal spread in the context of the OneHealth Approach. Sylvatic rabies remains a threat in Colombia that requires further study.
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Parks, Melissa T., Zhuo Wang, and Ka-Chun Siu. "Current Low-Cost Video-Based Motion Analysis Options for Clinical Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review." Physical Therapy 99, no. 10 (July 16, 2019): 1405–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzz097.
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Abstract Background Physical therapists, as clinical human movement experts, must qualitatively evaluate patients’ functional and biomechanical impairments. There are now low-cost 2- and 3-dimensional video measurement systems that can be used to increase the precision and reliability of these qualitative clinical assessments. Purpose The purpose of this study was to systematically review current low-cost video-based methods for motion analysis compared with gold-standard 3-dimensional biomechanical methods. Data Sources Electronic searches were conducted until January 2018 within the following databases: MEDLINE via PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Cochrane, Scopus, and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. Study Selection Studies designed to evaluate criterion-referenced validity and/or reliability of video-based motion analysis technologies within the last 20 years were included. English-language articles dealing with human rehabilitation were considered. Data Extraction Data extraction was independently completed by 3 reviewers, and methodological quality was assessed using the 2018 Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments checklist. Articles were organized for analysis on the basis of type of motion analyzed and category of each low-cost technology used. Data Synthesis With 20 articles meeting selection criteria, 10 low-cost motion analysis platforms were presented, each examining different functional movement-dependent variables. Overall article quality was “low” or “very low” on the basis of Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments scoring. Correlations between low-cost and 3-dimensional gold standard systems ranged widely from “poor” agreement (r = 0.025) to “strong” agreement (r = 0.992). Spatiotemporal gait parameters consistently outperformed planar joint angle data. Reliability was better measured than concurrent validity. A summary table was developed to assist clinicians in choosing which motions could potentially be measured accurately by each low-cost platform on the basis of current findings. Limitations Databases available to researchers were more clinical/medical in nature, and this review was written from that clinically based perspective. Lack of standardized protocols and methodology within included studies was common, making generalizability difficult. Conclusions Research attempting to validate newer low-cost movement analysis systems is limited in quality. Measurement of only certain variables should be considered when these tools are used. Further research is warranted, because these devices still have potential clinical utility for supplementing qualitative movement assessment with objective outcome measures.
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Taylor, Zoe, Gregory S. Walsh, Hannah Hawkins, Mario Inacio, and Patrick Esser. "Perturbations during Gait: A Systematic Review of Methodologies and Outcomes." Sensors 22, no. 15 (August 8, 2022): 5927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22155927.
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Background: Despite extensive literature regarding laboratory-based balance perturbations, there is no up-to-date systematic review of methods. This systematic review aimed to assess current perturbation methods and outcome variables used to report participant biomechanical responses during walking. Methods: Web of Science, CINAHL, and PubMed online databases were searched, for records from 2015, the last search was on 30th of May 2022. Studies were included where participants were 18+ years, with or without clinical conditions, conducted in non-hospital settings. Reviews were excluded. Participant descriptive, perturbation method, outcome variables and results were extracted and summarised. Bias was assessed using the Appraisal tool for Cross-sectional Studies risk of bias assessment tool. Qualitative analysis was performed as the review aimed to investigate methods used to apply perturbations. Results: 644 records were identified and 33 studies were included, totaling 779 participants. The most frequent method of balance perturbation during gait was by means of a treadmill translation. The most frequent outcome variable collected was participant step width, closely followed by step length. Most studies reported at least one spatiotemporal outcome variable. All included studies showed some risk of bias, generally related to reporting of sampling approaches. Large variations in perturbation type, duration and intensity and outcome variables were reported. Conclusions: This review shows the wide variety of published laboratory perturbation methods. Moreover, it demonstrates the significant impact on outcome measures of a study based on the type of perturbation used. Registration: PROSPERO ID: CRD42020211876.
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Modarresi, Shirin, Alison Divine, Jessica A. Grahn, Tom J. Overend, and Susan W. Hunter. "Gait parameters and characteristics associated with increased risk of falls in people with dementia: a systematic review." International Psychogeriatrics 31, no. 9 (December 6, 2018): 1287–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610218001783.
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ABSTRACTBackground:People with dementia fall twice as often and have more serious fall-related injuries than healthy older adults. While gait impairment as a generic term is understood as a fall risk factor in this population, a clear elaboration of the specific components of gait that are associated with falls risk is needed for knowledge translation to clinical practice and the development of fall prevention strategies for people with dementia.Objective:To review gait parameters and characteristics associated with falls in people with dementia.Methods:Electronic databases CINAHL, EMBASE, MedLine, PsycINFO, and PubMed were searched (from inception to April 2017) to identify prospective cohort studies evaluating the association between gait and falls in people with dementia.Results:Increased double support time variability, use of mobility aids, walking outdoors, higher scores on the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale, and lower average walking bouts were associated with elevated risk of any fall. Increased double support time and step length variability were associated with recurrent falls. The reviewed articles do not support using the Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment and the Timed Up-and-Go tests to predict any fall in this population. There is limited research on the use of dual-task gait assessments for predicting falls in people with dementia.Conclusion:This systematic review shows the specific spatiotemporal gait parameters and features that are associated with falls in people with dementia. Future research is recommended to focus on developing specialized treatment methods for these specific gait impairments in this patient population.
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Van Hooren, Bas, Joel T. Fuller, Jonathan D. Buckley, Jayme R. Miller, Kerry Sewell, Guillaume Rao, Christian Barton, Chris Bishop, and Richard W. Willy. "Is Motorized Treadmill Running Biomechanically Comparable to Overground Running? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cross-Over Studies." Sports Medicine 50, no. 4 (December 4, 2019): 785–813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40279-019-01237-z.
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Abstract Background Treadmills are often used in research, clinical practice, and training. Biomechanical investigations comparing treadmill and overground running report inconsistent findings. Objective This study aimed at comparing biomechanical outcomes between motorized treadmill and overground running. Methods Four databases were searched until June 2019. Crossover design studies comparing lower limb biomechanics during non-inclined, non-cushioned, quasi-constant-velocity motorized treadmill running with overground running in healthy humans (18–65 years) and written in English were included. Meta-analyses and meta-regressions were performed where possible. Results 33 studies (n = 494 participants) were included. Most outcomes did not differ between running conditions. However, during treadmill running, sagittal foot–ground angle at footstrike (mean difference (MD) − 9.8° [95% confidence interval: − 13.1 to − 6.6]; low GRADE evidence), knee flexion range of motion from footstrike to peak during stance (MD 6.3° [4.5 to 8.2]; low), vertical displacement center of mass/pelvis (MD − 1.5 cm [− 2.7 to − 0.8]; low), and peak propulsive force (MD − 0.04 body weights [− 0.06 to − 0.02]; very low) were lower, while contact time (MD 5.0 ms [0.5 to 9.5]; low), knee flexion at footstrike (MD − 2.3° [− 3.6 to − 1.1]; low), and ankle sagittal plane internal joint moment (MD − 0.4 Nm/kg [− 0.7 to − 0.2]; low) were longer/higher, when pooled across overground surfaces. Conflicting findings were reported for amplitude of muscle activity. Conclusions Spatiotemporal, kinematic, kinetic, muscle activity, and muscle–tendon outcome measures are largely comparable between motorized treadmill and overground running. Considerations should, however, particularly be given to sagittal plane kinematic differences at footstrike when extrapolating treadmill running biomechanics to overground running. Protocol registration CRD42018083906 (PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews).
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Fukuoka, Tatsuya, Shun Irie, Yoshiteru Watanabe, Toshiki Kutsuna, and Akiko Abe. "The relationship between spatiotemporal gait parameters and cognitive function in healthy adults: protocol for a cross-sectional study." Pilot and Feasibility Studies 8, no. 1 (July 25, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40814-022-01122-z.
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Abstract Background Motor dysfunctions, such as slower walking speed, precede the occurrence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment, suggesting that walking parameters are effective biomarkers for detecting early sub-clinical cognitive risk. It is often also concurrent with self-complained cognitive dysfunction, called motoric cognitive risk (MCR) syndrome. Our preliminary study found several walking parameters, obtained by a three-dimensional motion capture system, to be correlated with computer-based assessments of various cognitive function modalities, although the sample size was small. The Cognitive-Gait (CoGait) Database Project, described in the current protocol, aims to establish a database of multi-dimensional walking and cognitive performance data, collected from a large sample of healthy participants, crucial for detecting early sub-clinical cognitive risk. Methods We will recruit healthy volunteers, 20 years or older, without any neurological musculoskeletal or psychiatric disorders. The estimated sample size is 450 participants, including a 10% attrition rate. Using computer-based cognitive assessments, participants will perform six tasks: (i) the simple reaction time task, (ii) Go/No-Go task, (iii) Stroop Color–Word Test, (iv) N-back test, (v) Trail Making Test, and (vi) digit span test. We will also conduct paper-based cognitive assessments such as the Mini-Mental State Examination, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and the Geriatric Depression Scale-15 for assessing MCR. Gait will be measured through joint kinematics and global positioning in participants’ lower legs while walking at a comfortable and faster pace, using pants with an inertial measurement unit-based three-dimensional motion capture system. Finally, we will establish a prediction model for various cognitive performance modalities based on walking performance. Discussion This will be the first study to reveal the relationship between walking and cognitive performance using multi-dimensional data collected from a large sample of healthy adults, from the general population. Despite certain methodological limitations such as the accuracy of measurements, the CoGait database is expected to be the standard value for both walking and cognitive functions, supporting the evaluation of psychomotor function in early sub-clinical cognitive risk identification, including motoric-cognitive risk syndrome.
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Patton, David L., Thomas Cardenas, Perrin Mele, Jon Navarro, and Way Sung. "CDMAP/CDVIS: Context-dependent Mutation Analysis Package and Visualization Software." G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics, December 12, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/g3journal/jkac299.
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Abstract The Context-dependent Mutation Analysis Package and Visualization Software (CDMAP/CDVIS) is an automated, modular toolkit used for analysis and visualization of context-dependent mutation patterns (site-specific variation in mutation rate from neighboring-nucleotide effects). The CDMAP computes context-dependent mutation rates using a variant call file (VCF), Genbank file (GBK), and reference genome, and can generate high-resolution figures to analyze variation in mutation rate across spatiotemporal scales. This algorithm has been benchmarked against mutation accumulation data, but can also be used to calculate context-dependent mutation rates for polymorphism or closely related species as long as the input requirements are met. Output from CDMAP can be integrated into CDVIS, an interactive database for visualizing mutation patterns across multiple taxa simultaneously.
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Nedergård, Heidi, Ashokan Arumugam, Marlene Sandlund, Anna Bråndal, and Charlotte K. Häger. "Effect of robotic-assisted gait training on objective biomechanical measures of gait in persons post-stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation 18, no. 1 (April 16, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12984-021-00857-9.
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Abstract Background Robotic-Assisted Gait Training (RAGT) may enable high-intensive and task-specific gait training post-stroke. The effect of RAGT on gait movement patterns has however not been comprehensively reviewed. The purpose of this review was to summarize the evidence for potentially superior effects of RAGT on biomechanical measures of gait post-stroke when compared with non-robotic gait training alone. Methods Nine databases were searched using database-specific search terms from their inception until January 2021. We included randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of RAGT (e.g., using exoskeletons or end-effectors) on spatiotemporal, kinematic and kinetic parameters among adults suffering from any stage of stroke. Screening, data extraction and judgement of risk of bias (using the Cochrane Risk of bias 2 tool) were performed by 2–3 independent reviewers. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria were used to evaluate the certainty of evidence for the biomechanical gait measures of interest. Results Thirteen studies including a total of 412 individuals (mean age: 52–69 years; 264 males) met eligibility criteria and were included. RAGT was employed either as monotherapy or in combination with other therapies in a subacute or chronic phase post-stroke. The included studies showed a high risk of bias (n = 6), some concerns (n = 6) or a low risk of bias (n = 1). Meta-analyses using a random-effects model for gait speed, cadence, step length (non-affected side) and spatial asymmetry revealed no significant differences between the RAGT and comparator groups, while stride length (mean difference [MD] 2.86 cm), step length (affected side; MD 2.67 cm) and temporal asymmetry calculated in ratio-values (MD 0.09) improved slightly more in the RAGT groups. There were serious weaknesses with almost all GRADE domains (risk of bias, consistency, directness, or precision of the findings) for the included outcome measures (spatiotemporal and kinematic gait parameters). Kinetic parameters were not reported at all. Conclusion There were few relevant studies and the review synthesis revealed a very low certainty in current evidence for employing RAGT to improve gait biomechanics post-stroke. Further high-quality, robust clinical trials on RAGT that complement clinical data with biomechanical data are thus warranted to disentangle the potential effects of such interventions on gait biomechanics post-stroke.
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Li, Zhonghua, Leilei Zhao, Jing Ji, Ben Ma, Zhiyong Zhao, Miao Wu, Weihao Zheng, and Zhe Zhang. "Temporal Grading Index of Functional Network Topology Predicts Pain Perception of Patients With Chronic Back Pain." Frontiers in Neurology 13 (June 10, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2022.899254.
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Chronic back pain (CBP) is a maladaptive health problem affecting the brain function and behavior of the patient. Accumulating evidence has shown that CBP may alter the organization of functional brain networks; however, whether the severity of CBP is associated with changes in dynamics of functional network topology remains unclear. Here, we generated dynamic functional networks based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) of 34 patients with CBP and 34 age-matched healthy controls (HC) in the OpenPain database via a sliding window approach, and extracted nodal degree, clustering coefficient (CC), and participation coefficient (PC) of all windows as features to characterize changes of network topology at temporal scale. A novel feature, named temporal grading index (TGI), was proposed to quantify the temporal deviation of each network property of a patient with CBP to the normal oscillation of the HCs. The TGI of the three features achieved outstanding performance in predicting pain intensity on three commonly used regression models (i.e., SVR, Lasso, and elastic net) through a 5-fold cross-validation strategy, with the minimum mean square error of 0.25 ± 0.05; and the TGI was not related to depression symptoms of the patients. Furthermore, compared to the HCs, brain regions that contributed most to prediction showed significantly higher CC and lower PC across time windows in the CBP cohort. These results highlighted spatiotemporal changes in functional network topology in patients with CBP, which might serve as a valuable biomarker for assessing the sensation of pain in the brain and may facilitate the development of CBP management/therapy approaches.
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Zhao, Nan, Bolun Zhao, Gencai Shen, Chunpeng Jiang, Zhuangzhuang Wang, Zude Lin, Lanshu Zhou, and Jingquan Liu. "A robust HD-sEMG sensor suitable for convenient acquisition of muscle activity in clinical post-stroke dysphagia." Journal of Neural Engineering, December 13, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1741-2552/acab2f.
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Abstract Objective. A flexible high-density surface electromyography (HD-sEMG) sensor combined with an adaptive algorithm was used to collect and analyze the swallowing activities of patients with post-stroke PSD. Approach. The electrode frame, modified electrode, and bonded substrate of the sensor were fabricated using a flexible printed circuit process, controlled drop coating, and molding, respectively. The adaptation algorithm was achieved by using Laplace and Teager-Kaiser energy operators to extract active segments, a cross-correlation coefficient matrix (CCCM) to evaluate synergy, and multi-frame real-time dynamic root mean square (RMS) to visualize spatiotemporal information to screen lesions. and level of dysphagia. Finally, support vector machines (SVM) were adopted to explore the classification accuracy of sex, age, and lesion location with small sample sizes. Main results. The sensor not only has a basic low contact impedance (0.262 kΩ) and high signal-to-noise ratio (37.284±1.088 dB) but also achieves other characteristics suitable for clinical applications, such as flexibility (747.67 kPa) and durability (1000 times) balance, simple operation (including initial, repeated, and replacement use), and low cost ($ 15.2). The three conclusions are as follows. CCCM can be used as a criterion for judging the unbalanced muscle region of the patient's neck and can accurately locate unbalanced muscles. The RMS cloud map provides the time consumption, swallowing times, and unbalanced areas. When the lesion location involves the left and right hemispheres simultaneously, it can be used as an evidence of relatively severely unbalanced areas. The classification accuracy of SVM in terms of sex, age, and lesion location was as high as 100%. Significance. The HD-sEMG sensor in this study and the adaptation algorithm will contribute to the establishment of a larger-scale database in the future to establish more detailed and accurate quantitative standards, which will be the basis for developing more optimized screening mechanisms and rehabilitation assessment methods.
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Li, Huanzhang, Xinzhong Zang, Xiaokang Hu, Eniola Michael Abe, Menbao Qian, Jingbo Xue, Yingdan Chen, Changhai Zhou, Yuhua Liu, and Shizhu Li. "Spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of cysticercosis from 2000 to 2014 in Dali, Yunnan province, China." Geospatial Health 15, no. 2 (December 29, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/gh.2020.815.
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Cysticercosis remains a public health problem in China, with disease prevalence attributed to poor socio-economic and public health conditions. This parasitic food-borne disease was prioritized for effective control following implementation of the national surveys on parasitic diseases carried out in China. We predicted the cysticercosis distribution in Dali, Yunnan Province by assessing spatio-temporal distribution characteristics between 2000 and 2014 to better understand the trend of the disease incidence. A database of cysticercosis cases was provided by the clinical department at the Dali Prefectural Institute of Research and Control of Schistosomiasis. Describing the epidemiological features of cysticercosis and analyzing its spatiotemporal distribution of cases using mapping, scanning and spatial autocorrelation analysis, our findings found a total of 3,347 patients with cysticercosis infection, neurocysticercosis in particular. Cysticercosis prevalence was the highest among young and middle-aged male farmers, and also predominant among the Bai nationality. Three aggregation areas were identified during the period 2000-2014. Hotspot analysis implicated Dali City, Eryuan County and Yangbi County between 2000 and 2007, with areas gradually shifting towards the western and northern parts of the province. The hotspot map indicated that Eryuan County was a constant problem with respect to cysticercosis. The results indicated three cysticercosis clusters in Dali that could be attributed to environmental factors and unhealthy lifestyles. Multi-sectoral control initiatives are, therefore, recommended in these areas to effectively control and prevent cysticercosis among the population.
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Li, Huanzhang, Xinzhong Zang, Xiaokang Hu, Eniola Michael Abe, Menbao Qian, Jingbo Xue, Yingdan Chen, Changhai Zhou, Yuhua Liu, and Shizhu Li. "Spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of cysticercosis from 2000 to 2014 in Dali, Yunnan province, China." Geospatial Health 15, no. 2 (December 29, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/gh.2020.815.
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Cysticercosis remains a public health problem in China, with disease prevalence attributed to poor socio-economic and public health conditions. This parasitic food-borne disease was prioritized for effective control following implementation of the national surveys on parasitic diseases carried out in China. We predicted the cysticercosis distribution in Dali, Yunnan Province by assessing spatio-temporal distribution characteristics between 2000 and 2014 to better understand the trend of the disease incidence. A database of cysticercosis cases was provided by the clinical department at the Dali Prefectural Institute of Research and Control of Schistosomiasis. Describing the epidemiological features of cysticercosis and analyzing its spatiotemporal distribution of cases using mapping, scanning and spatial autocorrelation analysis, our findings found a total of 3,347 patients with cysticercosis infection, neurocysticercosis in particular. Cysticercosis prevalence was the highest among young and middle-aged male farmers, and also predominant among the Bai nationality. Three aggregation areas were identified during the period 2000-2014. Hotspot analysis implicated Dali City, Eryuan County and Yangbi County between 2000 and 2007, with areas gradually shifting towards the western and northern parts of the province. The hotspot map indicated that Eryuan County was a constant problem with respect to cysticercosis. The results indicated three cysticercosis clusters in Dali that could be attributed to environmental factors and unhealthy lifestyles. Multi-sectoral control initiatives are, therefore, recommended in these areas to effectively control and prevent cysticercosis among the population.
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Reece, Albert Stuart, and Gary Kenneth Hulse. "Geospatiotemporal and causal inference study of cannabis and other drugs as risk factors for female breast cancer USA 2003–2017." Environmental Epigenetics 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eep/dvac006.
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Abstract Breast cancer (BC) is the commonest human cancer and its incidence (BC incidence, BCI) is rising worldwide. Whilst both tobacco and alcohol have been linked to BCI genotoxic cannabinoids have not been investigated. Age-adjusted state-based BCI 2003–2017 was taken from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database of the Centers for Disease Control. Drug use from the National Survey of Drug Use and Health, response rate 74.1%. Median age, median household income and ethnicity were from US census. Inverse probability weighted (ipw) multivariable regression conducted in R. In bivariate analysis BCI was shown to be significantly linked with rising cannabis exposure {β-est. = 3.93 [95% confidence interval 2.99, 4.87], P = 1.10 × 10−15}. At 8 years lag cigarettes:cannabis [β-est. = 2660 (2150.4, 3169.3), P = 4.60 × 10−22] and cannabis:alcoholism [β-est. = 7010 (5461.6, 8558.4), P = 1.80 × 10−17] were significant in ipw-panel regression. Terms including cannabidiol [CBD; β-est. = 16.16 (0.39, 31.93), P = 0.446] and cannabigerol [CBG; β-est. = 6.23 (2.06, 10.39), P = 0.0034] were significant in spatiotemporal models lagged 1:2 years, respectively. Cannabis-liberal paradigms had higher BCI [67.50 ± 0.26 v. 65.19 ± 0.21/100 000 (mean ± SEM), P = 1.87 × 10−11; β-est. = 2.31 (1.65, 2.96), P = 9.09 × 10−12]. 55/58 expected values >1.25 and 13/58 >100. Abortion was independently and causally significant in space–time models. Data show that exposure to cannabis and the cannabinoids Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, CBD, CBG and alcoholism fulfil quantitative causal criteria for BCI across space and time. Findings are robust to adjustment for age and several known sociodemographic, socio-economic and hormonal risk factors and establish cannabinoids as an additional risk factor class for breast carcinogenesis. BCI is higher under cannabis-liberal legal paradigms.
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Hong, Jimin, Seung Kwan Kang, Ian Alberts, Jiaying Lu, Raphael Sznitman, Jae Sung Lee, Axel Rominger, Hongyoon Choi, and Kuangyu Shi. "Image-level trajectory inference of tau pathology using variational autoencoder for Flortaucipir PET." European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, February 28, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00259-021-05662-z.
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Abstract Purpose Alzheimer’s disease (AD) studies revealed that abnormal deposition of tau spreads in a specific spatial pattern, namely Braak stage. However, Braak staging is based on post mortem brains, each of which represents the cross section of the tau trajectory in disease progression, and numerous studies were reported that do not conform to that model. This study thus aimed to identify the tau trajectory and quantify the tau progression in a data-driven approach with the continuous latent space learned by variational autoencoder (VAE). Methods A total of 1080 [18F]Flortaucipir brain positron emission tomography (PET) images were collected from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. VAE was built to compress the hidden features from tau images in latent space. Hierarchical agglomerative clustering and minimum spanning tree (MST) were applied to organize the features and calibrate them to the tau progression, thus deriving pseudo-time. The image-level tau trajectory was inferred by continuously sampling across the calibrated latent features. We assessed the pseudo-time with regard to tau standardized uptake value ratio (SUVr) in AD-vulnerable regions, amyloid deposit, glucose metabolism, cognitive scores, and clinical diagnosis. Results We identified four clusters that plausibly capture certain stages of AD and organized the clusters in the latent space. The inferred tau trajectory agreed with the Braak staging. According to the derived pseudo-time, tau first deposits in the parahippocampal and amygdala, and then spreads to the fusiform, inferior temporal lobe, and posterior cingulate. Prior to the regional tau deposition, amyloid accumulates first. Conclusion The spatiotemporal trajectory of tau progression inferred in this study was consistent with Braak staging. The profile of other biomarkers in disease progression agreed well with previous findings. We addressed that this approach additionally has the potential to quantify tau progression as a continuous variable by taking a whole-brain tau image into account.
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Vandekerckhove, Ines, Marleen Van den Hauwe, Nathalie De Beukelaer, Elze Stoop, Marije Goudriaan, Margaux Delporte, Geert Molenberghs, et al. "Longitudinal Alterations in Gait Features in Growing Children With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy." Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 16 (June 2, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2022.861136.
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Prolonging ambulation is an important treatment goal in children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Three-dimensional gait analysis (3DGA) could provide sensitive parameters to study the efficacy of clinical trials aiming to preserve ambulation. However, quantitative descriptions of the natural history of gait features in DMD are first required. The overall goal was to provide a full delineation of the progressive gait pathology in children with DMD, covering the entire period of ambulation, by performing a so-called mixed cross-sectional longitudinal study. Firstly, to make our results comparable with previous literature, we aimed to cross-sectionally compare 31 predefined gait features between children with DMD and a typically developing (TD) database (1). Secondly, we aimed to explore the longitudinal changes in the 31 predefined gait features in growing boys with DMD using follow-up 3DGA sessions (2). 3DGA-sessions (n = 124) at self-selected speed were collected in 27 boys with DMD (baseline age: 4.6–15 years). They were repeatedly measured over a varying follow-up period (range: 6 months–5 years). The TD group consisted of 27 children (age: 5.4–15.6 years). Per measurement session, the spatiotemporal parameters, and the kinematic and kinetic waveforms were averaged over the selected gait cycles. From the averaged waveforms, discrete gait features (e.g., maxima and minima) were extracted. Mann-Whitney U tests were performed to cross-sectionally analyze the differences between DMD at baseline and TD (1). Linear mixed effect models were performed to assess the changes in gait features in the same group of children with DMD from both a longitudinal (i.e., increasing time) as well as a cross-sectional perspective (i.e., increasing baseline age) (2). At baseline, the boys with DMD differed from the TD children in 17 gait features. Additionally, 21 gait features evolved longitudinally when following-up the same boys with DMD and 25 gait features presented a significant cross-sectional baseline age-effect. The current study quantitatively described the longitudinal alterations in gait features in boys with DMD, thereby providing detailed insight into how DMD gait deteriorates. Additionally, our results highlight that gait features extracted from 3DGA are promising outcome measures for future clinical trials to quantify the efficacy of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Pröbsting, Eva, Malte Bellmann, Thomas Schmalz, and Andreas Hahn. "Gait characteristics of transtibial amputees on level ground in a cohort of 53 amputees - Comparison of kinetics and kinematics with non-amputees." Canadian Prosthetics & Orthotics Journal 2, no. 2 (January 15, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/cpoj.v2i2.32955.
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STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective analysis
BACKGROUND: The gait characteristics of transtibial amputees (TTs) have been described many times. In general, the literature reported nearly consistent results for the kinematic and kinetic parameters of the prosthetic side. However, the literature revealed inconsistent findings on kinetic parameters for determining the risk of developing knee osteoarthritis, such as the peak knee adduction moment, knee flexion moment and vertical ground reaction forces.
OBJECTIVES: The objective of our study was to describe the sagittal kinetic and kinematic gait characteristics of the ankle and residual knee joint of the prosthetic limb and the knee loading parameters of the sound side of unilateral TTs. This specific consideration may contribute to resolving the controversy of these parameters in the literature.
METHODS: We analysed our database containing gait analyses from 53 unilateral TTs and compared data to a control group (CG), also taken from our database. The sagittal kinetic and kinematic gait characteristics of the ankle and residual knee joint of the prosthetic limb, and selected knee loading parameters of the sound side (the peak knee adduction moment, knee flexion moment and vertical ground reaction forces) were evaluated. Beside these parameters we reported typical spatiotemporal gait parameters as gait velocity, step length, step length asymmetry, stance phase duration and asymmetry of stance phase duration.
RESULTS: The TTs walked slower and more asymmetrically than the CG. The kinematic pattern of the prosthetic ankle differed from that found in the CG. The largest difference was observed for the range of motion of the plantarflexion at push-off, which was significantly reduced for the prosthetic foot. The residual knee joint was generally affected with respect to decreased moments and reduced knee flexion during stance phase. The peaks of the vertical ground reaction forces and knee adduction moments showed no differences between the sound side of amputees and the CG. The peak knee flexion moment at midstance was significantly reduced for the sound side of amputees in comparison with the CG.
CONCLUSION: The biomechanical data measured for the prosthetic side in a cohort of 53 unilateral TT amputees conformed with the literature. The parameters determining the risk of developing knee osteoarthritis investigated in our retrospective analysis were not increased on the sound side in comparison with non-amputees. We deem it reasonable to assume that an appropriate prosthesis will reduce the likelihood of overloading the knee on the sound side during normal walking.
LAYMAN’S ABSTRACT:
The gait characteristics of a transtibial amputee (TT) with a prosthesis significantly deviate from normal gait patterns as shown in the literature. In general, the kinematic and kinetic parameters of the prosthetic side are described nearly consistently. However, literature revealed inconsistent results with respect to the sound side, specifically the parameters determining the risk of developing knee osteoarthritis. To resolve this controversy in the literature, an analysis of a large cohort seems necessary. Therefore, we analysed gait characteristics of TTs from our gait lab database and compared them to able-bodied individuals (CG). The results showed that the TTs walked slower and more asymmetrically than the CG. The movement pattern of the prosthetic ankle differed from that found in the CG. The residual knee joint was is affected with respect to decreased moments and reduced knee flexion during stance phase. The peaks of the vertical ground reaction forces and knee adduction moments showed no differences between the sound side of amputees and the CG. The peak knee flexion moment was significantly reduced for the sound side of amputees in comparison with the CG. The biomechanical data measured for the prosthetic side concurred with findings of other studies. The controversially discussed parameters determining the risk of developing knee osteoarthritis were not increased on the sound side in comparison with non-amputees. We deem it reasonable to assume that an appropriate prosthesis will reduce the likelihood of overloading the knee on the sound side during normal walking.
Article PDF Link: https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/cpoj/article/view/32955/25788
How to Cite: Pröbsting E, Bellmann M, Schmalz T, Hahn A. Gait characteristics of transtibial amputees on level ground in a cohort of 53 amputees - comparison of kinetics and kinematics with non-amputees. Canadian Prosthetics & Orthotics Journal. 2019;Volume2, Issue2, No.1. https://doi.org/10.33137/cpoj.v2i2.32955.
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR:Dipl.-Ing (FH) Eva Pröbsting, Clinical Research & Services / Biomechanics, Ottobock SE & Co. KGaA, Hermann-Rein-Straße 2a, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6349-2992E-MAIL: Eva.Proebsting@ottobock.de
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Chang, Hongli, Yuan Zong, Wenming Zheng, Chuangao Tang, Jie Zhu, and Xuejun Li. "Depression Assessment Method: An EEG Emotion Recognition Framework Based on Spatiotemporal Neural Network." Frontiers in Psychiatry 12 (March 15, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.837149.
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The main characteristic of depression is emotional dysfunction, manifested by increased levels of negative emotions and decreased levels of positive emotions. Therefore, accurate emotion recognition is an effective way to assess depression. Among the various signals used for emotion recognition, electroencephalogram (EEG) signal has attracted widespread attention due to its multiple advantages, such as rich spatiotemporal information in multi-channel EEG signals. First, we use filtering and Euclidean alignment for data preprocessing. In the feature extraction, we use short-time Fourier transform and Hilbert–Huang transform to extract time-frequency features, and convolutional neural networks to extract spatial features. Finally, bi-directional long short-term memory explored the timing relationship. Before performing the convolution operation, according to the unique topology of the EEG channel, the EEG features are converted into 3D tensors. This study has achieved good results on two emotion databases: SEED and Emotional BCI of 2020 WORLD ROBOT COMPETITION. We applied this method to the recognition of depression based on EEG and achieved a recognition rate of more than 70% under the five-fold cross-validation. In addition, the subject-independent protocol on SEED data has achieved a state-of-the-art recognition rate, which exceeds the existing research methods. We propose a novel EEG emotion recognition framework for depression detection, which provides a robust algorithm for real-time clinical depression detection based on EEG.
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Théo, Maulet, Celine Bonnyaud, Catherine Weill, Pascal Laforêt, and Thomas Cattagni. "Motor Function Characteristics of Adults With Late-Onset Pompe Disease: A Systematic Scoping Review." Neurology, October 27, 2022, 10.1212/WNL.0000000000201333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000201333.
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Background and objectives:Pompe disease is a rare neuromuscular disease caused by a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme GAA. The late-onset of Pompe disease (LOPD) in adults is characterized by weakness of ventilatory, axial and proximal extremity muscles. These muscle impairments progressively impair various motor functions such as locomotion and postural control. Nearly 87% of adults with LOPD report walking problems and over 80% report instability and falls. Knowledge of these motor functions is now sufficient to provide a clear and comprehensive overview of motor function in adults with LOPD. Therefore, this scoping review aimed to summarize current knowledge about motor function in adults with LOPD. It specifically targeted neuromuscular performance, locomotion and postural control.Methods:A systematic search in MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE and Cochrane databases was conducted until May 2021. We included studies providing primary data on at least four participants exploring neuromuscular performance, locomotion and/or postural control in adults with LOPD. Risk of bias analysis was assessed using tools appropriate to the study designs; ROB 2.0 for randomized controlled trials, ROBIN-I for non-randomized interventional trials, and NOS for cohort studies and case controls.Results:The search identified 2,885 articles. After screening, 58 articles were included in the analysis. In these studies, 88% explored locomotion, 83% neuromuscular performance and 3% postural control. This review showed that adults with LOPD have symmetrical weakness, concerning especially the hip and lumbar muscles. Locomotor activities are limited with a distance reduction, spatiotemporal gait parameter modification and an increased pelvic drop and tilt. Balance disorders are also observed especially in the anteroposterior direction.Discussion:We performed the first review on motor function characteristics in adults with LOPD. Although a significant amount of knowledge was synthesized in this review, our study also highlighted the lack of current research on this topic. Maximal muscle strength was the only neuromuscular performance studied and gait biomechanics and postural control were poorly explored in LOPD. Relationships between the degree of muscle weakness and motor function alterations also remains to be determined in adults with LOPD.
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Cacioppo, Marine, Anthéa Loos, Mathieu Lempereur, and Sylvain Brochard. "Bimanual movements in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review of instrumented assessments." Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation 20, no. 1 (February 27, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12984-023-01150-7.
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Abstract Background Assessment of bimanual movements, which are frequently impaired in children with cerebral palsy, is highly challenging in clinical practice. Instrumented measures have been developed to evaluate and help to understand impaired upper limb movement during bimanual tasks in these children. The aim of this review was to report instrumented measurement tools (3D motion analysis, sensors, etc.) used for bimanual task movement analysis, and the metrological properties of the measures in children with cerebral palsy. Methods A systematic review was conducted (Prospero CRD42022308517). PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane and Scopus databases were searched with relevant keywords and inclusion/exclusion criteria. Article quality and biomechanical methods were evaluated with a customized scale and metrological properties with the COSMIN checklist. Results In total, 452 children, mostly with unilateral cerebral palsy, mean age 10.9 (SD 3.2) years, underwent quantitative bimanual assessments in the 31 included studies (mean quality score 22/32 points [SD 4.7]). The tools used were 3D motion analysis (n = 26), accelerometers (n = 2), and other instruments (cube, digitizer, etc.) (n = 3). Children performed 1–5 bimanual tasks in laboratory settings, mostly activities of daily living or game scenarios. Analyses focused mostly on spatiotemporal variables, 6 of which were specifically developed for bilateral measures (task completion time, goal synchronization, movement overlap time, interlimb coupling, continuous relative phase and asynchrony). These instrumented measurements had moderate to good discriminant and convergent validity, but reliability and responsiveness assessments were lacking. Conclusions A large number of quantitative bimanual assessments involving different tools, bimanual tasks and specific variables developed to evaluate bimanual function were found. Development of other relevant variables and validation of these tools are needed to further determine their usefulness, both as research outcomes and to guide therapies in clinical practice. Future research, involving younger children and real-life assessments, will improve our understanding of bimanual function in children with cerebral palsy.
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Ayache, Julia, Andy Connor, Stefan Marks, Daria J. Kuss, Darren Rhodes, Alexander Sumich, and Nadja Heym. "Exploring the “Dark Matter” of Social Interaction: Systematic Review of a Decade of Research in Spontaneous Interpersonal Coordination." Frontiers in Psychology 12 (October 11, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.718237.
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Interpersonal coordination is a research topic that has attracted considerable attention this last decade both due to a theoretical shift from intra-individual to inter-individual processes and due to the development of new methods for recording and analyzing movements in ecological settings. Encompassing spatiotemporal behavioral matching, interpersonal coordination is considered as “social glue” due to its capacity to foster social bonding. However, the mechanisms underlying this effect are still unclear and recent findings suggest a complex picture. Goal-oriented joint action and spontaneous coordination are often conflated, making it difficult to disentangle the role of joint commitment from unconscious mutual attunement. Consequently, the goals of the present article are twofold: (1) to illustrate the rapid expansion of interpersonal coordination as a research topic and (2) to conduct a systematic review of spontaneous interpersonal coordination, summarizing its latest developments and current challenges this last decade. By applying Rapid Automatic Keyword Extraction and Latent Dirichlet Allocation algorithms, keywords were extracted from PubMed and Scopus databases revealing the large diversity of research topics associated with spontaneous interpersonal coordination. Using the same databases and the keywords “behavioral matching,” “interactional synchrony,” and “interpersonal coordination,” 1,213 articles were identified, extracted, and screened following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol. A total of 19 articles were selected using the following inclusion criteria: (1) dynamic and spontaneous interactions between two unacquainted individuals (2) kinematic analyses, and (3) non-clinical and non-expert adult populations. The results of this systematic review stress the proliferation of various definitions and experimental paradigms that study perceptual and/or social influences on the emergence of spontaneous interpersonal coordination. As methods and indices used to quantify interpersonal coordination differ from one study to another, it becomes difficult to establish a coherent picture. This review highlights the need to reconsider interpersonal coordination not as the pinnacle of social interactions but as a complex dynamical process that requires cautious interpretation. An interdisciplinary approach is necessary for building bridges across scattered research fields through opening a dialogue between different theoretical frameworks and consequently provides a more ecological and holistic understanding of human social cognition.
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Cranage, Simone, Luke Perraton, Kelly-Ann Bowles, and Cylie Williams. "The impact of shoe flexibility on gait, pressure and muscle activity of young children. A systematic review." Journal of Foot and Ankle Research 12, no. 1 (November 29, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13047-019-0365-7.
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Abstract Background There is limited evidence of shoe impact in younger children, particularly in the context of immature gait patterns. It is unclear if the impact from shoes in younger children is similar to what has been seen in older children. This systematic review aims to identify any impact of shoe features on younger children’s gait, and if there are any differences between shoe sole flexibility compared to barefoot. Methods Study inclusion criteria included: typically developing children aged ≤6 years; comparison of barefoot and shod conditions (walking and/or running) with shoe features or style of shoe described; sample size > 1. Novelty types of footwear were excluded, as was any mention of in shoe support or modifications. Studies were located from six databases. Study methodology was assessed using the McMasters critical review form. Sample size weighted standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Results Four studies were included. Participant age ranged from 15.2 to 78.7 months, with 262 participants across all studies. All studies had limited methodological bias based on their design type. Compared to barefoot walking, shoes increased velocity, step time and step length. Shod walking decreased cadence. Peak plantar pressure was generally lower in the stiff shoe design and there was a higher peak plantar pressure in the Ultraflex shoes. No studies were found investigating muscle activation. Conclusions Shoes affect younger children’s gait in spatiotemporal gait aspects, similar to those seen in older children. There is limited evidence on effects of particular shoe features such as sole hardness, on gait, and no evidence of any changes in muscle activation patterns. Further research is required to evaluate the impact of different types of shoe and shoe features in this population to provide clinical advice on the type of shoe that is appropriate in this age group.
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Zuo, Xiaoyan, Sixin Ren, He Zhang, Jianfei Tian, Ruinan Tian, Baoai Han, Hui Liu, et al. "Chemotherapy induces ACE2 expression in breast cancer via the ROS-AKT-HIF-1α signaling pathway: a potential prognostic marker for breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy." Journal of Translational Medicine 20, no. 1 (November 5, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12967-022-03716-w.
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Abstract Background Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a key enzyme of the renin-angiotensin system and a well-known functional receptor for the entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) into host cells. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought ACE2 into the spotlight, and ACE2 expression in tumors and its relationship with SARS-COV-2 infection and prognosis of cancer patients have received extensive attention. However, the association between ACE2 expression and tumor therapy and prognosis, especially in breast cancer, remains ambiguous and requires further investigation. We have previously reported that ACE2 is elevated in drug-resistant breast cancer cells, but the exact function of ACE2 in drug resistance and progression of this malignant disease has not been explored. Methods The expression of ACE2 and HIF-1α in parental and drug-resistant breast cancer cells under normoxic and hypoxic conditions was analyzed by Western blot and qRT-PCR methods. The protein levels of ACE2 in plasma samples from breast cancer patients were examined by ELISA. The relationship between ACE2 expression and breast cancer treatment and prognosis was analyzed using clinical specimens and public databases. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in breast cancer cells were measured by using a fluorescent probe. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or lentivirus-mediated shRNA was used to silence ACE2 and HIF-1α expression in cellular models. The effect of ACE2 knockdown on drug resistance in breast cancer was determined by Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK-8)-based assay, colony formation assay, apoptosis and EdU assay. Results ACE2 expression is relatively low in breast cancer cells, but increases rapidly and specifically after exposure to anticancer drugs, and remains high after resistance is acquired. Mechanistically, chemotherapeutic agents increase ACE2 expression in breast cancer cells by inducing intracellular ROS production, and increased ROS levels enhance AKT phosphorylation and subsequently increase HIF-1α expression, which in turn upregulates ACE2 expression. Although ACE2 levels in plasma and cancer tissues are lower in breast cancer patients compared with healthy controls, elevated ACE2 in patients after chemotherapy is a predictor of poor treatment response and an unfavorable prognostic factor for survival in breast cancer patients. Conclusion ACE2 is a gene in breast cancer cells that responds rapidly to chemotherapeutic agents through the ROS-AKT-HIF-1α axis. Elevated ACE2 modulates the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to anticancer drugs by optimizing the balance of intracellular ROS. Moreover, increased ACE2 is not only a predictor of poor response to chemotherapy, but is also associated with a worse prognosis in breast cancer patients. Thus, our findings provide novel insights into the spatiotemporal differences in the function of ACE2 in the initiation and progression of breast cancer.