Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Spatial traverse'
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Begáň, Matej. "Kočka šrotového jeřábu - otočná část." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442799.
Full textHoelbeek, Thomas. "The spatial expressions containing French 'travers' and Italian 'traverso': a functional semantic description from diachronic perspective." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209319.
Full textThe period covered consists of four hundred years (from the 16th until the end of the 19th Century). The constructions under analysis conform to the pattern [PREP1 (+ article) + travers(o) (+ PREP2)], viz. the French expressions 'à travers (de)', 'au travers (de)', 'en travers (de)', 'de travers' and their Italian formal equivalents 'a traverso/at(t)raverso (a, di, per)', 'al traverso (di)', 'in traverso (di)' and 'di traverso (a)' ('traverso (a)', without PREP1, is included too). These expressions, and especially their prepositional uses, are assumed to be intrinsically dynamic. However, they are no pure prepositions, in that all of them can be used in at least two different syntactic roles. More specifically, some are principally found as a preposition, and secondarily as an adverb; others behave mostly as an adverb, but also as an adjective; finally, certain expressions exhibit all three types of uses.
The results can be structured around four axes. Firstly, a complete diachronic-semantic description of all uses is given of this set of hardly explored expressions, in order to contribute to a better comprehension of their semantic structure. The study bears on morphological, syntactic, but most of all semantic aspects of the evolutions observed. Secondly, functional concepts such as Guidance, proposed in synchronic research (in particular by Stosic (2002b; 2007; 2009)), and notions we elaborate on the basis of research on Modern French (cf. Somers 1988; and Plungian 2002), in particular Contrast and Deviation, are put to the test. By adopting a diachronic perspective, we assess to what extent these notions are able to describe the semantics conveyed in the past by the expressions under study. Thirdly, this thesis determines in what measure the expressions analysed were subjected to a grammaticalisation process, and why some of them (in particular 'à travers', and, to a lesser extent, 'a traverso/at(t)raverso (a, di, per)') became significantly more frequent from the 18th Century onwards. We provide elements that point to a more advanced grammaticalisation for certain expressions. Moreover, we determine to what extent the evolutionary trends observed corroborate or, on the contrary, disconfirm various mechanisms considered to be part of the process of grammaticalisation. Finally, a comparison between the evolutions in the two languages under study helps to distinguish between more general and language-specific mechanisms of semantic and grammatical evolution, given that every natural language has a specific way of organising its own modelling of space.
The results of this study enrich our knowledge of the phrases studied and their functioning in the past, but also in present-day French and Italian, providing diachronic observations regarding the functional notions put to the test. Further, it contributes to a better understanding of the grammaticalisation mechanisms of complex constructions. Finally, it shows that typologically related languages may evolve differently in their ways of representing space, and in particular in their semantic distribution of various functional concepts within a group of close constructions./Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le domaine de la sémantique historique romane, et combine des méthodes diachroniques avec des hypothèses cognitives. En analysant des adpositions complexes en français et en italien, son originalité réside dans le fait que, à la fois pour des usages littéraux et métaphoriques, elle applique une approche fonctionnelle à une problématique diachronique, en réalisant une analyse de corpus.
La période traitée est constituée de quatre cents ans (à partir du XVIe jusqu’à la fin du XIXe siècle). Les constructions analysées sont conformes au modèle [PREP1 (+ article) + travers(o) (+ PREP2)], à savoir les expressions françaises 'à travers (de)', 'au travers (de)', 'en travers (de)', 'de travers' et leurs équivalentes formelles italiennes 'a traverso/at(t)raverso (a, di, per)', 'al traverso (di)', 'in traverso (di)' et 'di traverso (a)' ('traverso (a)', sans PREP1, est aussi incluse). Ces expressions, et surtout leurs usages prépositionnels, sont supposées être intrinsèquement dynamiques. Cependant, elles ne sont pas de pures prépositions, en ce que chacune d’elles peut être utilisée dans au moins deux rôles syntaxiques différentes. Plus précisément, certaines se rencontrent principalement comme préposition, et accessoirement comme adverbe ;d’autres se comportent la plupart du temps comme adverbe, mais aussi comme adjectif ;enfin, certaines expressions présentent les trois types d’usages.
Les résultats s’articulent autour de quatre axes. Tout d’abord, une description diachronique et sémantique complète est donnée de tous les usages de l’ensemble de ces expressions qui sont à peine explorées, afin de contribuer à une meilleure compréhension de leur structure sémantique. L’étude porte sur des aspects morphologiques, syntaxiques, mais surtout sémantiques des évolutions observées. Deuxièmement, des concepts fonctionnels tels que celui de Guidage, proposé dans des travaux en synchronie (en particulier par Stosic (2002b; 2007; 2009)), et des notions que nous élaborons sur la base d’analyses du français moderne (cf. Somers 1988; et Plungian 2002), en particulier celles de Contraste et Déviation, sont mises à l’épreuve. En adoptant une perspective diachronique, nous évaluons dans quelle mesure ces notions sont en mesure de décrire la sémantique véhiculée dans le passé par les expressions étudiées. Troisièmement, cette thèse détermine dans quelle mesure les expressions analysées ont été soumises à un processus de grammaticalisation, et pourquoi certaines d’entre elles (en particulier 'à travers' et, dans une moindre mesure, 'a traverso/at(t)raverso (a, di, per)') sont devenues beaucoup plus fréquentes à partir du XVIIIe siècle. Nous fournissons des éléments qui indiquent une grammaticalisation plus avancée de certaines expressions. De plus, nous déterminons dans quelle mesure les tendances évolutives observées corroborent ou, au contraire, infirment différents mécanismes considérés comme faisant partie du processus de grammaticalisation. Enfin, une comparaison entre les évolutions dans les deux langues étudiées permet de distinguer des tendances sémantiques et grammaticales plus générales de ceux qui sont plus spécifiques à une langue, étant donné que chaque langue naturelle a une façon spécifique d’organiser sa représentation de l’espace.
En fournissant des observations diachroniques sur les notions fonctionnelles mises à l’épreuve, cette thèse enrichit notre connaissance des constructions étudiées et leur fonctionnement dans le passé, ce qui aide aussi à mieux comprendre leur usage contemporain. De plus, elle contribue à une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes de grammaticalisation des constructions complexes. Enfin, elle montre que des langues typologiquement proches peuvent évoluer différemment dans leurs modes de représentation de l’espace, et en particulier dans la distribution sémantique de différents concepts fonctionnels dans un groupe de constructions proches.
Doctorat en Langues et lettres
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Joublot-Ferré, Sylvie. "La traversée des espaces adolescents De l’habiter et de l’expérience du monde Un projet pour l'enseignement de la géographie." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEN004.
Full textOrganized in five movements, this thesis in cultural geography questions the living of adolescents through their spatial practices from domestic spaces to schools, public spaces, even places of travel, real or dreamed. The study is seen as a way to explore the construction of the relationship to the world of individuals. Adolescents are approached as full-fledged social and spatial actors. The survey is conducted on a bi-national, Franco-Swiss field, among adolescents aged 14 to 18 years old, enrolled in secondary schools. The research methodology is new, collecting data in several ways. Individualized interfaces and geolocation are mobilized for the benefit of interactive mapping. Itineraries commented by the adolescents complement semi-directive interviews.Beyond the recurrent spatial practices within the group, the singularity of adolescent geographies is evident and confirms the relevance of the theme of individualities in geography and the interest of personal mapping and accompanied individual journeys. The exercise of a micro-geography, "at ground level", allowed to observe the experiences "with a magnifying glass", to see the details usually not very visible, and to reconstruct not only the concreteness of the spatial experience, but to reveal the springs and the networks of the relations to space in all their complexity. Concepts have emerged as operative to account for the characteristics of this relationship: nostalgia, fame, neighbourliness and familiarity. The research also sheds light on the mediations of individual spatial experience, and on the processes of entry into familiarity and even attachment to places. A referential of spatial capability is proposed, based on three categories: sensory faculties, spatial skills and socio-spatial competencies. Avenues for new learning at school based on students' spatial experience are explored.The survey reveals the discontinuity of presence and attention to the world, but also the inequality among adolescents in terms of spatial experiences and skills. These worrying findings should lead to reflection on a new geographical education in the current context of societal and environmental challenges, particularly from the point of view of living together and global change. The results of the research are therefore directly relevant to the teaching of geography. There is now an urgent need for geography in schools to develop reflexivity with regard to spatial practices, a forward-looking co-construction of shared space, education for attention and, lastly, awareness of the common world
Bourrelly, Aurore. "Influences égocentrées sur la perception de l'espace géocentré : objectivation au travers de l'estimation du franchissement d'obstacles hauts." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX22046.
Full textPerceiving space is a relevant task in determining our relationships with the environment. In behavioral neuroscience, investigating this spatial relationship can classically be explored with two theoretical approaches. The first one uses direct perception to describe the spatial relationships, involving affordances (i.e. the action ability naturally offer by the environment). The other one investigates the cognitive aspect of perception implying the use of spatial representation process. The later one traduces the existence of represented states which can be described through the interaction of different stable states called spatial reference frames. The present work investigates the contribution of the egocentric reference frame (body-related) on the perception of the geocentric space (earth-based). This was questioned through two research lines, (i) the origin of egocentric influence previously observed in darkness upon geocentric perception, (ii) the existence of the egocentric phenomenon in an enriched visual scene. To answer these questions, four experiments were conducted where the paradigm of passing under high obstacles was used. Overall, these results stress the powerful and complex aspect of the egocentric phenomenon observed upon geocentric perception. This work, discussed in term of interpenetrability between reference frames, provide an interesting support on the way how spatial reference frames are used in perceiving space
Porto, Cláudia Estrela. "L'évolution des structures spatiales à travers l'oeuvre de Stéphane du Chateau." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010660.
Full textRhoné, Fanny. "L'abeille à travers champs : quelles interactions entre Apis mellifera L et le paysage agricole (Gers 32) ? : le rôle des structures paysagères ligneuses dans l'apport de ressources trophiques et leurs répercussions sur les traits d'histoire de vie des colonies." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20022/document.
Full textMost of the cultivated plants in Europe (84% overall) need pollinators to produce. For several decades, a significant decline in pollinating insects is observed. Honeybees belong to associated agrobiodiversity and are sensitive bio-indicators in agricultural landscapes. They are particularly affected by these losses. Usually, interactions between pesticides and pathogens are seen as the main causes of pollinator populations’ collapse. However, the qualitative and quantitative depletion of food resources in such agricultural landscapes also contribute to the high mortality rates. The spawning activity of the colony’s queen and the metabolic balance of the colony are influenced by the quantity and the quality of plant resources in the landscape. This PhD thesis focuses on the interactions between landscapes structures and honeybees life traits’ evolution in the Gers agricultural department (France). It aims to assess the woody component’s role in supplying trophic resources and its repercussions on the evolution of life traits. The methodology consists (i) in a spatial organization analysis of six landscape mosaics, differentiated by an openess gradient based on the percentage of the woody component cover, (ii) a phenological monitoring of plant resources with pollen and nectar interests, (iii) a monitoring of 43 colonies’ life history traits during two years (2010 and 2011) and (iv) in an analysis of foraging strategies. Results reveal a wide diversity of plant species with nectar and pollen interest in the Gers agricultural context (200). Woody component is the only functional sub-unity which enables a significant and lasting supply of plant resources, during the all season, as additional resources to those of crops. Woody component and cultivated lands (Brassica napus and Helianthus annuus) are the most mobilized sub-unities for nectar gathering. Woody component is particularly looked for in prevernal and vernal periods (first period), above all in closed landscape structures. Variations of available plant resources impact colonies’ development more in open landscape structures than in closed ones. Indeed, in closed landscape structures, woody component enables to reduce consequences, especially in scarcity period, and make colonies more resilient
Krol, Marta. "A travers les "trous" et les "bosses" : les noms de ruptures de continuité." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR20001.
Full textWe have proved the linguistic relevance of a noun's lexical category which we have named "breaking continuity names" (Bcn). It is composed of words such as hole, bump, ridge, crack, groove, dent, lump and so on. Its distinctive and exclusive semantic attributes we have established are : [-regular], meaning they form a deviation from an abstract norm that is a "right form"; [+salient], meaning they come necessarily to the perception and entail a naming task ; [-teleological] meaning they are perceived as being without function within the whole-entity ; and [+multiple] meaning they very often identify a great number of occurrences. Other Bcn's features, not exclusive, are : [+subsequent], meaning they are perceived as entities temporally not coextensive with the whole-entity, [+natural], meaning they don't result from an intentional act, as the "archaeological signification" (they are understood as some earlier state's signs), and the fact they belong to the family of form names, with two consequent features : [hollow / full] and [line / area]. Whe also have established what the Bcn's 'behavioral program' consists of, and its two variants directed toward [+hollow] or [+full] Bcn. Moreover, we have demonstrated the involvement of the sense of touch in Bcn's meaning, just as the involvement of a surface's conceptual factor. At the same time, we have discussed the current part-whole relations taxonomy. We have suggested widen it in ordrer to put in a new meronomical kind that the Bcn imply : 'break - continuity'. We have also broached the localization's question, and proposed a new nouns of place definition. It makes it clear that the Bcn are not nouns of place, but only can possibly be, like every noun [+spatial], names of site
Bernard, Anaïs. "Traversée des réalités dans l’immersivité de l’art : vers une expérience spatio-temporelle esthétique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0180.
Full textImmersive Arts appear as a spatiotemporal aesthetic experience resulting in a trilogy which brings together the dispositive, the artist and the spect-actor. Inductive measures awakening the unconscious and spontaneous part of our imagination create the emergence of ideas, feelings and emotions within the actor’s living body. The depth of the body is activated by the immersion through the artistic mechanisms using one of these typologies: Interactions, “Imsertions” and Hybridisations. The spect-actor or the artist himself experiencing the immersion brings to life in his whole body new feelings and sensations, thus altering his kinaesthesia, his sensory motor and neurophysiological perceptions, developing a new aesthetic interpretation of the universe he is immersed in
KOO, YOUNG-CHUL. "Vers une analyse conceptuelle du son et du silence dans l'univers musical à travers les aspects temporel et spatial." Paris 10, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA100057.
Full textCompared with preceding centuries, silence has gained in this century as considerable a meaning as sound in the musical universe. In this work, sound and silence are dealt with under both temporal and spatial aspects, and the notions developed are made clear with the analysis of three of the author's works
Li, Yuanzhi. "Structure et dynamique d'occupation de l'espace fonctionnel à travers des gradients spatiaux et temporels." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11615.
Full textAbstract : The patterns of niche occupancy within local communities, the spatial variability of biodiversity along environmental gradients of stress and disturbance, and the processes of plant succession are several fundamental topics in ecology. Recently, the trait-based approach has emerged as a promising way to understand the processes structuring plant communities and has even been proposed as a method to rebuild community ecology based on functional traits. Therefore, linking these fundamental themes through a functional lens should give us more insight into some basic questions in ecology and will be the main objective of my thesis. Generally, my PhD project is to investigate the structures of functional space occupancy along both spatial and temporal gradients. Specifically, the objective of Chapter 2 is to investigate the patterns of functional niche occupancy by calculating three key niche metrics (the total functional niche volume, the functional niche overlap and the average functional niche volume) from speciespoor communities to species-rich communities and to determine the main driver of the observed pattern of functional niche occupancy across plant communities worldwide. In Chapter 3, I aim to predict and explain the variation of species richness along gradients of stress and disturbance, by linking the dynamic equilibrium model and functional niche occupancy based on the framework developed in Chapter 2. The objective of Chapter 4 is to experimentally test the application of a globally calibrated CSR ordination method based on three leaf traits (leaf area, leaf dry matter content and specific leaf area) in local studies. Finally, the aim of Chapter 5 is to experimentally test the hypotheses reconciling the deterministic and historically contingent views of plant succession, by investigating the variation of taxonomic and functional dissimilarities between communities along gradients of stress and disturbance. The global study (Chapter 2) is based on a collection 21 trait datasets, spanning tropical to temperate biomes, and consisting of 313 plant communities representing different growth forms. The local studies (Chapter 3, 4 and 5) are based on the same experimental system consisting of 24 mesocosms experiencing different levels of stress and disturbance. The experiment started in 2009 with the same seed mixture of 30 herbaceous species broadcast over the 24 mesocosms and ended in 2016. We allowed natural colonization of seeds from the common soil seed bank and from the surroundings during the seven-year succession. Ten traits were measured on five individuals (sampled directly from the mesocosms) per species per mesocosms in 2014 (Chapter 3 and 4). Another set of traits (16 traits including some traits that were not able to measured directly in the mesocosms) were measured at the species level (species mean traits values) for the 34 most abundant species (some species disappeared in the mesocosms) over the seven years, by regrowing them separately for one growing season. In Chapter 2, we found communities were more functionally diverse (an increase in total functional volume) in species-rich communities, and species overlapped more within the community (an increase in functional overlap) but did not more finely divide the functional space (no decline in average functional volume). Moreover, habitat filtering is a widespread process driving the pattern of functional niche occupancy across plant communities. In Chapter 3, we found a similar pattern of functional niche occupancy on an experimental system with a constant community spatial size and trait-sampling effort, which together with Chapter 2 provided us a more comprehensive and robust picture of functional niche occupancy across plant communities. In addition, we succeeded in linking the pattern of functional niche occupancy and the dynamic equilibrium model and found that habitat filtering was the dominant process determining the pattern of functional niche occupancy and species richness along the gradients stress and disturbance. In Chapter 4, we provide empirical support for a globally calibrated CSR ordination method by showing a relationship between the relative abundance of species growing in mesocosms having different levels of soil fertility and density-independent mortality and their CSR classification. In Chapter 5, we showed that plant succession over seven years in these mesocosms was more deterministic from a functional perspective but more historically contingent from a taxonomic perspective, and that the relative importance of historical contingency decreased as the environment became more stressed or disturbed. In conclusion, the structures of functional space occupancy within (the total functional volume, the functional overlap and the average functional volume; Chapter 2 and 3) or between local communities (functional dissimilarity, Chapter 5) are deterministic rather than neutral (or historical contingency). Stress-tolerators were more favored in high stress communities, while ruderals are more favored in high disturbed mesocosms (Chapter 4).
Chauque, Marcelino. "Traversée des discours et des communautés langagières : approche par modélisation proxémique des positionnements identitaires et argumentatifs de locuteurs français et mozambicains." Montpellier 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON30049.
Full textThe process of identification and distance implies the evolution on the same territory of subjects hesitating between the territorialized proximity and the assertion of the identities. The antagonistic resemblance that the mirror of the alterity offers causes contradictory feelings oscillating between the safety which the proximity of the other confers, of its speech, and the intersubjective insecurity stimulated by the productive and interpretative differential. This reading justifies the investment of three distinct axes but complementary to research of invariants and variations which appear in the relational game and put in competition various identity postures of French and Mozambican speakers. Whether they are face-to-face interactions, cyberinteractions, the use of the written press, in conversational mode or not, the simultaneous management of the overlapping identities convenes various levels of expression of the proximities, brought up to date according to the doxic components. The observation of the proxemic ethos makes a space modeling of the speeches and behaviors in interaction which convenes other disciplinary treatments: urban and interactional sociolinguistics, studies of the argumentation and Conversation analysis. What interests us is not so much the proxemic measurement (Hall, 1971) as the dynamic process of construction of the proximities and the use in production and reception of the Territorializing meaning. The stress is laid on the evidence of the strategic intentionnality and intersubjective adjustments related to the simultaneous management of the semiotic categories of the close and the distant
Jacob, Frederique. "la ville méditerranéenne : approche spatiale d'une aire géographique multiculturelle de proximité à travers un concept producteur d'espace : la propreté." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00371494.
Full textMehdi, Benna. "Génération et inversion de données de propagation d'ondes radio à travers un noyau comètaire (Experience CONSERT - Mission Spatiale ROSETTA)." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007990.
Full textJacob, Frédérique. "La ville méditerranéenne : approche spatiale d'une aire géographique multiculturelle de proximité à travers un concept producteur d'espace, la propreté." Aix-Marseille 1, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00371494.
Full textELMOZNINO, HERVE. "Influence du cycle de vie individuel sur la dynamique spatiale d'une foret monospecifique. Analyse a travers un automate cellulaire." Nice, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NICE5369.
Full textMANCIER, CHRISTELLE. "Variabilite spatiale et temporelle de l'occurrence des foliations de tropopause : estimation du flux regional d'ozone a travers la tropopause." Paris 7, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA077098.
Full textStosic, Dejan. ""par" et "à travers" dans l'expression des relations spatiales : comparaison entre le français et le serbo-croate." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00272907.
Full textBouchereau, Mathilde. "Les représentations thématiques et spatiales de Paris à travers la chanson réaliste française de 1960 à 1999." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2012. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/4417/1/030300589.pdf.
Full textDumenieu, Bertrand. "Un système d'information géographique pour le suivi d'objets historiques urbains à travers l'espace et le temps." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0157.
Full textGeographic information systems (GIS) are increasingly used for leading historical studies because of their ability to display, store and share geo-historical data. They provide an opportunity for exploring and analyzing spatialized phenomena and the interactions between such phenomena and spatial dynamics. To achieve this goal, GIS have to manage spatio-temporal data describing the transformations of geographical entities. These data are also highly imperfect since knowledge about the past is only available through imprecise or uncertain historical sources such as maps. To date, no GIS is able to integrate, manage and analyze such imperfect data. In this thesis, we focus on the integration of spatio-temporal data about urban space extracted from historical topographic maps on the city of Paris. We propose a process that allows to create spatio-temporal graphs from geohistorical vector data extracted from georeferenced maps of the city. After the analysis of the maps and the measure of their spatial and temporal imperfections, we propose a spatio-temporal model named geohistorical graph and a semi-automatic spatio-temporal data matching process able to build such graphs from vector data extracted from old topographic maps. Our method is tested and validated on the street networks of Paris extracted from maps covering the period from the late XVIIIth century to the late XlXth century
Baligand, Pascale. "Une chambre à soi : étude psychanalytique de la notion de chez soi à travers les liens entre espace et présentabilité." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA070058.
Full textFrom Virginia Woolf s assertion according to which a room of one's own is required to the writing of a work of fiction, the present thesis questions the subjective need for a space of one' s own. It aims at providing a new definition of the concept of home that would take into account the Freudian discovery of the unconscious. In this respect, the author conceives space as an object of research in the field of psychoanalysis by showing that space is at the heart of psychic processes, that it is related to consideration of presentability and proceeds of the register of nearness, by reference to the figure of Nebenmensch. This reading of the notion of home lays upon the way space is put into play within transference in various situations where access to a space of one's own is at stake. Through the evocation of asylum seekers' life stories and clinicat work in a day center, the author will unfold three dimensions of home as a space being necessary to the subject. The first dimension takes the warranty of the indigestible part of Nebenmensch as a prerequisite rendering home possible. A second dimension shows how home can be a space allowing for the treatment of loss, namely that of instinctual objects. A third dimension which holds that space is at the heart of the "action of form". Home thereafter emerges as a space allowing dream
Roussey, Claire. "Étude multi-échelle des transferts couplés de liquide et d’oxygène à travers la barrique en chêne et les douelles." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPAST037.
Full textThe aging of wines and spirits in oak barrels modifies their organoleptic qualities by two main phenomena. Firstly, the wood releases volatile and non-volatile compounds that enrich the beverage, and secondly, the wood properties allow a slight oxidation throughout the aging process. In the latter case, the modes of oxygen transfer as well as the limiting factors are little known today, although they are of great importance in the quality of the final product. This thesis aims to provide a better understanding of the dynamics of oxygen transfer in oak, in the presence of the liquid impregnation front due to the contact between the liquid and the internal surface of the barrel. To this end, several original experimental set-ups have been developed.Initially, at the barrel scale, 4 instrumented barrels were placed in a cellar to study the transfers in real conditions. The loss of liquid during aging generates an internal underpressure. Thus, in addition to the diffusion of oxygen through the wood thickness, there is a phenomenon of air percolation towards the inside of the barrel from a certain threshold of the pressure gap. This percolation threshold can be reached during variations in relative humidity and temperature conditions in the cellar, which provoke dimensional changes of the barrel. Oxygen inputs between 10 and 100 µg/L per percolation event are observed. These contributions are not negligible compared to the quantity of oxygen that the wine receives during its aging.Secondly, at the stave scale, each mechanism is treated in a decoupled way: diffusion of oxygen on the one hand and monitoring of the imbibition front on the other. Oxygen diffusion is studied for sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) and pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) with various ring widths using an innovative experimental device. A numerical model based on the finite volume method is used to identify the diffusion coefficient. A good representation of the diffusion via simulation is observed. Next, the imbibition front is monitored by an X-ray imaging system on stave samples in contact with water and ethanol. An unsupervised image correlation algorithm is developed to monitor the progress of the liquid front over several months.Finally, the study of simultaneous transfers is carried out by combining the last two experiments. A strong decrease in oxygen diffusion is then observed with the advance of the imbibition front in the stave thickness. These results allowed us to better apprehend the complexity of the dynamics of oxygen transfer during the aging of wines and spirits in oak barrels
Baykan, Deniz Altay. "La transformation spatiale d'Ankara pendant la période 1950-1970 vue à travers les demandes de dérogation des citadins au plan d'urbanisme." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0007.
Full textThis thesis is on the urban development of Ankara, the capital of Turkey. In this thesis, we examine the documents of the Administrative Committee of Construction (Irnar Idare Heyeti), during the period 1950-1970, containing the requests of the citizens for changes on urban development plans. We analyse the data using the "Chi-Square Method", which has the strong capacity of representation of the requests of the urban actors. The data is evaluated with respect to different variables throughout the zones of Ankara. We realize different levels of "readings" of the city (of Ankara), through time, space and urban actors. With these readings we are introducing important information on city, the transformation potential of urban space, the urban segregation and similarities and the differences between the zones of the city of Ankara
Passegué, Sophie. "L'accessibilité aux équipements en milieu rural : analyse spatiale à travers un s.i.g. raster : application aux pays et arrière-pays du Rhône moyen." Avignon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AVIG1008.
Full textThe object of the thesis is the adjustment of a precise and performing appreciation of the road accessibility to retail trade and services from the rural areas. The survey applies to the mid-rhone valley countries, a multipolarized and multiperipheric rural hinterland. The approach of the accessibility problem and of its evaluation is resolutly spatial, as the instrument used is a raster g. I. S. , a data model not commonly utilized to deal with accessibility problems, as mainly adapted to the study of areas rather than networks. The adjustment of a road roughness model and the infra-municipal disaggregation of demographic data are one of the possibilities to improve accessibility usual approaches (graph theory) to facilities (communal inventory, inventaire communal). The underlined organisation structures reveal the infra-municipal differentiation of access levels and the major functionnal caracteristics of the system centered on the Rhône valley
Levernier, René-Bertrand. "Problèmes posés par l'estimation des sinusoï͏̈des amorties au travers de l'estimation en temps court des potentiels évoqués et de leur mesure." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112395.
Full textLigier, Nicolas. "Etude des corps glacés du système solaire à travers deux cibles majeures de l'exploration spatiale : la comète 67P/C-G et le satellite Europe." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS482/document.
Full textThe major part of my work focused on the study of the chemical composition of Europa’s surface. In order to provide additional insights in comparison to the results of the NIMS instrument onboard the Galileo spacecraft that orbited in the Jovian system from 1995 to 2003, a ground-based observations campaign was conducted with the infrared imaging spectrometer SINFONI on the VLT. Several observations using adaptive optics with a spatial resolution of about 160 km and a spectral resolution R = 1500 in the near-infrared were acquired and then combined. A specific data reduction pipeline was developed to build a global hyperspectral cube in surface reflectance. The linear modeling of each spectra of this cube leads to the first global abundance maps ever obtained for the surface of Europa. These maps confirm the presence of the two major species, namely water ice and hydrated sulfuric acid. The distribution of the hydrated sulfuric acid is centered on the trailing orbital hemisphere preferentially affected by a sulfur ion flux coming from the plasma torus produced by Io volcanic activity. Two surprising results were obtained. The first one concerns water ice, which crystalline form is about twice more abundant than the amorphous form according to the modeling results. This result, unexpected given the very high radiation rate on the surface, could be explained by a strong crystallinity gradient through the ice slab. However, it could also point out an endogenous activity possibly strong as first suggested by its poorly well-known cratered surface. The correlation between the crystalline grains distribution and the geomorphology seems in favor to the second hypothesis. The second result is related to the detection of chlorinated salts from the modeling of highly resolved spectra from SINFONI. Sulfates, first reported by several analyses of NIMS observations are marginal in the modeled composition, hence challenging their presence on the surface of Europa. The chloride distribution, as well as the one of the crystalline water ice, is correlated to geomorphology, potentially confirming significant endogenous contributions as the result of tectonic and cryovolcanic processes recently highlighted. The second part of my PhD was dedicated to the physical characteristics of the 67P/C-G’s cometary grains. The COSIMA instrument onboard the Rosetta orbiter allowed the collection, imaging and elemental chemical analysis of grains present in the immediate environment of 67P/C-G. An automated approach of the grains detection based on images taken by the camera "COSISCOPE" was set up and able to detect about 35.000 grains having an area of more than 100 µm² between August 2014 and May 2016. The resolution of 13.7 µm/pixel allowed to perform a detailed characterization of the shape and the structure of the grains, and the large number of detections permitted to obtain significant statistics on the size distribution and its evolution over the time. Two large families of grains have been identified: the compact grains, which represent only a small minority of grains mostly collected at the beginning of the mission, and aggregates, which have a very porous structure similar to those of IDPs and micrometeorites collected in Antarctica. The size distribution obtained follows an integrated power law in r-2.66. The comparison with the laws obtained at different scales by other instruments highlights differences that can be interpreted by ejection mechanisms depending on the size associated with a selection bias during the collection process in orbit
Khreim, Jean-François. "Caractérisation et suivi par télédétection spatiale de la végétation et de l'occupation des terres en région méditéranéenne : possibilités et limites à travers le cas de la Syrie maritime." Aix-Marseille 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX30019.
Full textCHATEAU, PATRICIA. "La construction sociale des hauts : processus de la division spatiale et traitement de la precarite des acteurs a travers l'amenagement des hauts de la reunion." Aix-Marseille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX10013.
Full textBourrelly, Aurore. "INFLUENCES ÉGOCENTRÉES SUR LA PERCEPTION DE L'ESPACE GÉOCENTRÉ - OBJECTIVATION AU TRAVERS DE L'ESTIMATION DU FRANCHISSEMENT D'OBSTACLES HAUTS." Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille Université, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00903276.
Full textFleury, Christian. "Discontinuités et systèmes spatiaux. La combinaison île/frontière à travers les exemples de Jersey, de Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon et de Trinidad." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523626.
Full textFleury, Christian. "Discontinuité et systèmes spatiaux : la combinaison île / frontière à travers les exemples de Jersey, de Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon et de Trinidad." Caen, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523626.
Full textBrayer, Laure. "Dispositifs filmiques et paysage urbain : la transformation ordinaire des lieux à travers le film." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENH008/document.
Full textStarting from a consideration of the landscape, as it is configured daily by individual and collective practices which are supported by the landscape and from which the landscape is being shaped, this PhD thesis in architecture focuses on the ordinary transformation of places and questions the ways through which we can understand it in order to think out the becoming of these places. How can we take into account the dynamic of the ambiance in order to think about the design of a place? In that perspective, this research questions the scope of film (as a medium, as a practice and in its reception): what does filming allow us to understand of the ordinary transformation of places? This work investigates the potential of audiovisual images in terms of perception, representation and shared designing of urban public spaces. How can film facilitate the understanding of the states and transitions of the relationship between space and bodies – considering that bodies perceive and act at the same time? In order to study that question, a specific methodological protocol, open to heterogeneous uses of film for the understanding and the designing of cities, was worked out. It led us to the analysis of four frameworks: 1. Collecting and selecting existing films; 2. Observing a video project within the context of an urban study; 3. Filmmaking; 4. Experimenting film practice with architecture students. These four frameworks address the question of filmmaking in different ways: status and stakes of the use of film, involvement in fieldwork through film practice (involvement in space, in time and in relation with others), film postures and relations to the world. Secondly, our research raises the question of film reception. It is, then, from a collective experience of reception that film becomes the base of a dialogue between people who are invited to share and debate about their own experiences. The plurality of registers coming from the film reception and its discussion (what is sensible, perceptive, interpretive, critical and creative) becomes the base to work out a common design. From these considerations of the scope of film, it appears in the background that the sensible register and collective improvisations are of paramount importance in the understanding and designing of urban public spaces
Halladjian, Sarkis. "Spatially Integrated Abstraction of Genetic Molecules." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASG056.
Full textThe human genome consists mainly of DNA, a macromolecule consisting of a long linear sequence of bases, tightly packed to fit in the relatively small nucleus. The packing gives rise to multiple hierarchical organizational levels. Recent research has shown that, along with the linear sequence, the spatial arrangement of the genome plays an important role in the genome’s function and activity. The visualization of both linear and spatial aspects of genome data is therefore necessary. In this thesis, we focus on the concept of continuous visual abstraction for multiscale data, applied to the visualization of the human genome. Visual abstraction is a concept inspired by illustrations that makes the job of visual processing simpler, by guiding the attention of the viewer to important aspects. We first extract characteristics of multiscale data and makes a parallel comparison between genome and astronomical data. The existing differences create the need for different approaches. A common point however is the need for continuous transitions that helps viewers grasp the relationships and relative size differences between scales. To satisfy the conditions posed by the two aspects of the multiscale genome data, we present two conceptual frameworks, based on the same data. The first framework, ScaleTrotter, represents the spatial structure of the genome, on all available levels. It gives users the freedom to travel from the nucleus of a cell to the atoms of the bases, passing through the different organizational levels of the genome. To make the exploration of the structure of all levels possible, smooth temporal transitions are used. Even though all the scales are not simultaneously visible, the temporal transition used superimposes two representations of the same element at consecutive scales emphasizing their relationship. To ensure the understandability and interactivity of the data, unnecessary parts of the data are abstracted away with the use of a scale-dependent camera. The second framework, Multiscale Unfolding, focuses on aspects that are not visible in ScaleTrotter: the linear sequence and a simultaneous overview of all the organizational levels. The data is straightened to unfold the packing that occurs on several levels in a way that conserves the connectivity between the elements. To represent all the available levels, we use smooth spatial transitions between the levels. These spatial transitions are based on the same concept of the temporal transitions of the previous framework, superimposing scales and emphasizing on their relationship and size difference. We introduce an interaction technique called Multiscale Zliding that allows the exploration of the data and further emphasizes the size differences between the levels. In each framework, one of either linear of spatial aspect of genome data is sacrificed to emphasize the other. The thesis concludes with a discussion about the possibility of combining the two frameworks, minimizing the sacrifices to explore the two equally important aspects of the genome. In this thesis, we take a step closer to fully understanding the activity of the genome
Coulaud, Benjamin. "Construction d’un cadre statistique consistant pour l’analyse de surfaces au travers de processus généralisés : application à la classification de surfaces cérébrales extraites d’IRM." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0295.
Full textThe main topic of this manuscript is surface statistic analysis. We define a new formalism that extends to a random framework the surface representation introduced by Glaunès and Vaillant (2005). This formalism is based on a notion of random linear form, which is inspired from the theory of generalized random process, developped by Itô (1954) and Gelfand and Vilenkin (1964). On this representation, we set a probabilistic model that describes the variability of surfaces ; by a transition from continuous to discrete, we extend it to an observation model that describes experimental data. We build estimators for the mean representant of a surface sample and for the autocovariance of the noise. We demonstrate that these estimators are consistent. We report some experiments in which we test our estimation method on simulated data. We apply our statistical framework to classification of brain surfaces from MRI, using a Bayesian classification procedure
de, Condappa Devaraj. "Étude de l'écoulement d'eau à travers la Zone Non-Saturée des aquifères de socle à l'échelle spatiale du bassin versant. Application à l'évaluation de la recharge au sein du bassin versant de Maheshwaram, Andhra Pradesh, Inde." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009297.
Full textAKESSABE, ALI. "La presence etrangere en milieu urbain : stratification sociale et dynamisme des localisations spatiales. analyse de l'evolution de la presence etrangere a strasbourg a travers les donnees des recensements de 1982 et 1990." Strasbourg 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STR20076.
Full textThis work used statistical techniques, especially the main components analysis applied to the results of the population census, analysis made in the context of a localised and comparative approach. That allow us to establish a social and spatial hierarchical structure for each of the studied nationalities. This analysis tried to determine the kind of evolution according to the familial, professional and residential characteristics of each nationaliity group. This approach try also to study the relations inside each community
Berthelot, Libéra. "Vers un après- tourisme ? : la figure de l'itinérance récréative pour repenser le tourisme de montagne : études des pratiques et de l'expérience de l'association Grande Traversée des Alpes." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENH007/document.
Full textOur research approach is a contribution related to the contemporary social sciences debate around mobility (KAUFMANN, VIARD, LEVY, LUSSAULT, URRY, STOCK) and especially recreational mobility (MIT, MICHEL, REAU, COUSIN, DEWAILLY, BOURDEAU, CHRISTIN). Therefore our field of work is cultural geography, sometimes seen as having taken a sociological turn (STASZAK, 2004). Following the chronological order of this manuscript, the reader will first encounter a presentation of the theoretical issues linked to the consideration of recreational practices “in motion”. The first chapter aims at identifying the mutations of the relationships between society and mobility in a broad sense, and reflecting about the input of post modernity in order to apprehend them better. The second chapter focuses the analysis on a specific notion and practice: “itinérance”, i.e. recreational travel. The aim of this chapter is to identify its outline and interest, through a geo-cultural approach basing on the existing notions to study recreational practices. In a second stage, recreational travel (on foot) is positioned within the area of recreational activities: which place and which contributions? To that effect the third chapter sets out a panorama of heuristic issues in the field of tourism, presenting the various possible research approaches and emerging notions. The fourth chapter, through the analysis of experience accounts of walkers, aims at validating the input of post-tourism in order to apprehend the compromise linked to these practices. When followed in a linear way, this route ends with a part entirely dedicated to GTA and its integration in the field of recreational practices, and especially in the “layer cake” of recreational travel: is it an alternative for territorial development and alpine tourism or a modern form of travelling tourism? In order to provide an answer, chapter five analyses the singularity of this association in the alpine landscape both at the French and European levels. Chapter 6 establishes the idea that GTA is a structure of the in-between, both manager of tourist routes and coordinator of an activity chain
Gralepois, Mathilde. "Les risques collectifs dans les agglomérations françaises : contours et limites d'une approche territoriale de prévention et de gestion des risques à travers le parcours des agents administratifs locaux." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00572853.
Full textCaplette, Laurent. "La reconnaissance visuelle à travers le temps : attentes, échantillonnage et traitement." Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/23481.
Full textVisual recognition is a temporal process: first, visual information is continuously received through time on our retina; second, the processing of visual information by our brain takes time; third, our perception is function of both the present sensory input and our past experiences. Interactions between these temporal aspects have rarely been discussed in the literature. In this thesis, we assess the sampling of visual information through time during recognition tasks, how it is translated in the brain, and how it is modulated by expectations of specific objects. Several studies report that expectations modulate perception. However, how the expectation of a specific object modulates our internal representations remains largely unknown. In the first article of this thesis, we use a variant of the Bubbles technique to uncover the precise time course of visual information use during object recognition when specific objects are expected or not. We show that expectations modulate the representations of different features differently, and that they have distinct effects at distinct moments throughout the reception of visual information. In the second article, we use a similar method in conjunction with electroencephalography (EEG) to reveal for the first time the processing, through time, of information received at a specific moment during an eye fixation. We show that visual information is not processed in the same way depending on the moment at which it is received on the retina, that these differences cannot be explained by simple adaptation or repetition priming, that they are of at least partly top- down origin, and that they correlate with behavior. Finally, in a third article, we push this investigation further by using magnetoencephalography (MEG) and examining brain activity in different brain regions. We show that the sampling of visual information is highly variable depending on the moment at which information arrives on the retina in large parts of the occipital and parietal lobes. Furthermore, we show that this sampling is rhythmic, oscillating at multiple frequencies between 7 and 30 Hz, and that these oscillations vary according to the sampled feature.
Tsai, Wan-Yu, and 蔡宛砡. "An Efficient Algorithm for Top-k Spatial Keyword Query based on Single-Quadtree Traversal." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38029334532788906266.
Full text國立臺灣科技大學
資訊工程系
104
With the popularity of mobile network, social network and smart mobile devices, the service-oriented applications innovate constantly. Among of them, the applications which are associated with data query play a significant role in the application service. The applications of cell phone which combine with location based service are so popular. However, queries involving only conditions on object’s geometric properties are not enough. As the location based service is getting mature, the novel forms of spatial queries that are integrated with keyword search are the most potential development in the future. Consequently, the study of spatial keyword search which explores both location and textual description of the objects has attracted great attention from the commercial organizations and research communities. In this paper, we study the problem of top-k spatial keyword query (TkSKQ). The main challenge is how to effectively combine the spatial index and textual index such that each of the k closest objects contains all keywords in the query can be rapidly retrieved. In this paper, to answer TkSKQ more efficiently and improve the performance of the existing approaches, we propose an efficient method that can retrieve the k nearest neighbors satisfying the keyword constraint in real time. For each keyword t_i, we build a linear quadtree for the objects which contain the keyword t_i.We only need to traverse one linear quadtree to obtain the query result. Besides, we also employ both real data and synthetic data in the experiments to show that our method outperforms the IL-Quadtree significantly.
Harel, Yann. "Le décodage des expressions faciales émotionnelles à travers différentes bandes de fréquences spatiales et ses interactions avec l’anxiété." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18812.
Full textThe decoding of emotional facial expressions (EFE) is a key function of the human visual system since it lays at the basis of non-verbal communication that allows social interactions. Numerous studies suggests that the processing of faces diagnostic features may take place differently for low and high spatial frequencies (SF), respectively in the magno- and parvocellular pathways. Moreover, conditions such as social anxiety are supposed to influence this processing and the associated event-related potentials (ERP). This study explores the feasibility of predicting social anxiety levels using electrophysiological correlates of EFE processing across various SF bands. To this end, ERP from 26 participants (mean age = 23.7 ± 4.7) years old were recorded during visual presentation of neutral, angry and happy facial expressions, filtered to retain only low, medium or high SF. Social anxiety was previously assessed using the LSAS questionnary. Peak latencies and amplitudes of the P100, N170, N2b/P3a complex and P3b components were statistically analyzed and used to feed supervised machine learning algorithms. P100 amplitude was linked to SF content. N170 was effected by EFE. N2b/P3a complex was larger for EFE and earlier for high SF. P3b was lower for neutral faces, which were also more often omitted. The linear discriminant analysis showed a decoding accuracy across significant features with a mean of 56.11%. The nature of these features and their sensitivity to social anxiety will be discussed.
"Le "Printemps 71" d'Arthur Adamov: Une etude semiologique a travers ses didascalies spatiales et certaines reflexions sur ses modeles actantiels." Tulane University, 1991.
Find full textacase@tulane.edu
Baumann-Lapierre, Yannick. "Traverser le paysage : une réflexion sur l’appropriation spatio-temporelle des espaces (nature) urbains. Le cas du parc Frédéric-Back à Montréal." Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/23757.
Full textNature – viewed as both environment and landscape – as well as durability are becoming key concepts in how we think the urban fabric. They are increasingly used as buzzwords in social mixing and renovation debates. Around the world, old industrial sites or vacant spaces are being transformed into green public spaces. However, many scholars are beginning to question whether those strategies will be able to answer not only environmental, but above all social challenges facing our contemporary cities. Many are doubting their ability to create public space. Under the guise of social and participative urban planning, those new spaces seem more and more designed to promote the widespread understanding of key concepts like urbanity, durability and nature. In building our research around the case of Frédéric-Back Park – an old quarry redesigned as an urban park – between two peri-central Montreal districts, we hope to re-assess the ways we produce those kind of spaces. Our goal will be to pose a critical view on the power-play between actors and the power relations which gave form to the park as well as the capacity of nature, public space and durability – as concepts – to provide answers to socio-ecological challenges faced by local populations.