Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Spatial subsidies'
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Giang, Do Truong. "Tariffs and export subsidies in a spatial economic model." Universität Potsdam, 2004. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2007/1407/.
Full textLeroux, Shawn. "Constant and temporally variable spatial subsidies and the strength of trophic cascades." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=95157.
Full textLes écosystèmes naturels sont ouverts aux flux d'énergie, de matière, et d'organismes. Omniprésents, ces apports allochtones ont un impact sur la structure et le fonctionnement des écosystèmes. S'il est clair que des consommateurs bénéficient directement de ces flux, nous n'avons qu'une connaissance rudimentaire de leurs effets indirects sur les réseaux trophiques. Je développe des modèles d'écosystème afin d'étudier la relation existante entre flux de matière et d'organismes et cascades trophiques. Je démontre ainsi que le ratio de la biomasse des apports sur la biomasse de proie locale ne prédit pas l'effet des flux sur les consommateurs, notamment lorsque ces apports sont variables dans le temps. L'impact des flux sur la biomasse de consommateur se révèle d'autant plus grand quand la biomasse de proie locale est importante et que les flux sont fréquent. J'examine ensuite l'impact relatif du contrôle des herbivores et du recyclage de nutriments par les prédateurs sur la population de plantes et montre que, bien que les deux soient positifs, l'effet du contrôle des herbivores est plus fort. La contribution relative de ces deux mécanismes pour les cascades trophiques dépend des interactions entres proies et prédateurs, des taux de recyclages et des flux de nutriments provenant de l'extérieur. Les cascades trophiques sont généralement étudiées et conceptualisées dans des écosystèmes fermés. Cependant, il a récemment été mis en évidence que les prédateurs peuvent avoir des effets indirects dépassant les frontières d'un écosystème. A l'aide d'un modèle d'écosystème bénéficiant de flux allochtones, je démontre en effet que les cascades trophiques sont d'autant plus fortes quand les écosystèmes reçoivent des flux de matière et d'organismes fréquents. Ce modèle est ensuite étendu à l'échelle de méta-écosystèmes afin d'examiner l'effet des flux réciproques et variables dans le temps sur la force des cascade
Su, Qing. "The effect of transportation subsidies on urban sprawl." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001615.
Full textHARRISON, Sofie, and sofieh@student ecu edu au. "The influence of seabird-derived nutrients on island ecosystems in the oligotrophic marine waters of south-western Australia." Edith Cowan University. Computing, Health And Science: School Of Natural Sciences, 2006. http://adt.ecu.edu.au/adt-public/adt-ECU2007.0010.html.
Full textGreenwood, Michelle Joanne. "The population dynamics of a riparian spider: interactive effects of flow-related disturbance on cross-ecosystem subsidies and spider habitat." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Biological Sciences, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1453.
Full textDevuyst, Danielle. "Application of Spatial and Descriptive Analysis Methods to Determine Relationship Between Hardware Subsidies and the Sanitation Marketplace." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6081.
Full textHarrison, Sofie A. "The influence of seabird-derived nutrients on island ecosystems in the oligotrophic marine waters of south-western Australia." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2006. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/68.
Full textLópez-Hoffman, Laura, Jay Diffendorfer, Ruscena Wiederholt, Kenneth J. Bagstad, Wayne E. Thogmartin, Gary McCracken, Rodrigo L. Medellin, Amy Russell, and Darius J. Semmens. "Operationalizing the telecoupling framework for migratory species using the spatial subsidies approach to examine ecosystem services provided by Mexican free-tailed bats." RESILIENCE ALLIANCE, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626546.
Full textMartin, De Lagarde Cyril. "Promoting renewable energy : subsidies, diffusion, network pricing, and market impacts Drivers and diffusion of residential photovoltaics in France Network connection schemes for renewable energy: a spatial analysis." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLED076.
Full textThis thesis deals with several aspects of the economics of electric renewable energy sources (RES). These have been chosen by many countries, willing to reduce their carbon footprint, in order to fight climate change.As RES are usually not competitive against conventional power plants, they rely on national and local subsidies in order to be profitable. I analyse the efficiency of such support schemes in the case of solar photovoltaics for residential households in France. Communication phenomena also take a huge part in the diffusion process. My work shows in how far these are an additional driver of RES development.Then, I study the impact of regional network connection schemes for renewables in France, in the field of onshore wind energy. These schemes introduce a spatial differentiation of network connection charges. They enable to reallocate investments in regions in which the electricity network is less constrained, and I quantify this reallocation.Electricity networks also play a role in the development of RES through their tarification. The latter is fundamental in the case of self-consumption (or "prosumption"), that puts the budget balance of the network operator at risk. Thus, I derive second-best prices in the case of a two-part energy-capacity tariff.Finally, I analyse the impact of renewable generation on electricity wholesale prices in Germany. I show that RES induce a decrease in prices, which depends on the supply-demand equilibrium. This penalises peaking power plants that are necessary to the security of supply, as well as future renewables, which shall progressively become profitable without subsidies
Burdon, Francis John. "The effects of stream productivity on aquatic-terrestrial linkages." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Biological Sciences, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1415.
Full textSu, Qing. "Urban spatial structure and subsidized travel empirical evidence of urban sprawl." Saarbrücken VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2006. http://d-nb.info/98714474X/04.
Full textNg, Katherina. "From plantings to the paddock: ground-dwelling beetles in a dynamic agricultural landscape." Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/143569.
Full textÜlkü, Tolga. "Empirical analyses of airport efficiency and costs." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17117.
Full textSmall and regional airports often have insufficient revenues to cover their costs. The question is how such airports could be efficiently structured, managed and financially supported. Some airports are operated individually and receive direct subsidies from the local and federal governments. Others survive through cross-subsidizations. This dissertation first deals with the efficiency of 85 small regional European airports for the years 2002-2009 by applying a data envelopment analysis. Estimates show the potential savings and revenue opportunities to be 50 percent and 25 percent respectively. Belonging to an airport system reduces efficiency by about 5 percent. The average break-even passenger throughput over the last decade more than doubled to 464 thousand passengers. However airports behaving efficiently could have covered their operational costs with a mere 166 thousand passengers annually. The second part addresses the comparison of airports belonging to AENA and DHMI for the years between 2009 and 2011. The majority of airports operate under increasing returns to scale. A Russell measure of data envelopment analysis is implemented. Results indicate higher average efficiency levels at Spanish airports, but private involvement enhances efficiency at Turkish ones. Certain policy options including a greater decentralization of airport management and the restructuring of the airport network (by closing some inefficient airports) should be considered to increase the airport systems’ efficiency. In the final part of the dissertation, we have studied how the airport specific characteristics drive the unit costs. In order to capture the spatial interdependence of airport costs, a spatial regression methodology is applied. Two separate datasets of subsidized French and Norwegian airports are used to test various hypotheses. The results show a negative effect of subsidies on airport cost efficiency. Furthermore, the significance of scale economies is illustrated.
O'Neill, Tara. "Subsidized Housing, Private Developers and Place: A Spatial Analysis of the Clustering of Low Income Housing Tax Credit Properties in the 25 Largest U.S. Cities." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2008. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/852.
Full textFasina, Neto João. "Estudo da distribuição espacial da vegetação natural em Areas de Preservação Permanente : subsidios a gestão da APA Municipal de Campinas (SP)." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286876.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias
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Resumo: As Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APPs) e as Áreas de Proteção Ambiental (APAs) são instrumentos jurídicos definidos por Legislação Federal, que prevê a criação de unidades territoriais com o intuito de proteger a diversidade biológica e garantir a qualidade ambiental dos ecossistemas. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo central avaliar a distribuição espacial da vegetação natural em APPs. O recorte escolhido foi a APA Municipal de Campinas, que ocupa uma região estratégica em recursos naturais e culturais; mas que, no entanto, tem-se mostrado bastante vulnerável aos impactos ambientais produzidos durante os processos de uso e ocupação do território, culminando com grande parte de suas APPs desprovidas de vegetação natural e em situação de conflito com a legislação. O mapeamento e análise obedeceram a seguinte seqüência: (1) mapeamento da vegetação natural e uso da terra; (2) mapeamento das APPs; e (3) integração e análise dos dados obtidos. Os resultados foram editados em uma base cartográfica dinâmica, que permite, de forma interativo-amigável, visualizar e consultar informações sobre a configuração dos elementos naturais e culturais da área de estudo, contribuindo para a construção de um conhecimento crítico, fundamental à identificação de soluções alternativas de gestão territorial para a introdução de medidas de recuperação e conservação
Abstract: The Permanent Preservation Areas (PPAs) and the Environmental Protection Areas (EPAs) are juridical instruments defined by Brazilian Federal Legislation, which takes care of the creation of territorial units, with the purpose of protecting biological diversity and to guaranteeing the environmental quality of the ecosystems. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the spatial distribution of the natural vegetation in PPAs. The chosen region was the EPA of Campinas City, in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, which occupies a strategic region in natural and cultural resources; however, it has shown itself to be quite vulnerable to the environmental impacts produced during the processes of territorial utilization and occupancy, resulting in a great part of the PPAs being deprived of their natural vegetation and left in a conflict situation with legislation. The mapping and analysis was done according to the following sequence: (1) mapping of the natural vegetation and land use; (2) mapping of the PPAs; and (3) integration and analysis of the obtained data. The results were edited in a dynamic cartographic base, which permits, in an interact-friendly way, to visualize and query informations about the natural and cultural elements configuration of the studied area, which serves as an aid for the construction of a fundamental critical knowledge to identify territorial management alternative solutions to introduce recuperation and conservation actions
Mestrado
Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial
Mestre em Geografia
(5929490), Daniel K. Bampoh. "The Influence of Behavior on Active Subsidy Distribution." Thesis, 2019.
Find full textThis dissertation investigates the influence of spatially explicit animal behavior active subsidy distribution patterns. Active subsidies are animal-transported consumption and resources transfers from donor to recipient ecosystems. Active subsidies influence ecosystem structure, function and services in recipient ecosystems. Even though active subsidies affect ecosystem dynamics, most ecosystem models consider the influence of spatially-explicit animal behavior on active subsidy distributions, limiting the ability to predict corresponding spatial impacts across ecosystems. Spatial subsidy research documents the need for systematic models and analyses frameworks to provide generally insights into the relationship between animal space use behavior and active subsidy patterns, and advance knowledge of corresponding ecosystem impacts for a variety of taxa and ecological scenarios.
To advance spatial subsidy research, this dissertation employs a combined individual-based and movement ecology approach in abstract modeling frameworks to systematically investigate the influence of 1) animal movement behavior given mortality (chapter 2), 2) animal sociality (chapter 3) and 3) landscape heterogeneity (chapter 4) on active subsidy distribution. This dissertation shows that animal movement behavior, sociality and landscape heterogeneity influence the extent and intensity of active distribution and impacts in recipient ecosystems. Insights from this dissertation demonstrate that accounting for these factors in the development of ecosystem models will consequentially enhance their utility for predicting active subsidy spatial patterns and impacts. This dissertation advances spatial subsidy research by providing a road map for developing a comprehensive, unifying framework of the relationship between animal behavior and active subsidy distributions.