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1
Haider, Syed Kamran 1962. "Spatial storm characteristics and basin response." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291642.
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Spatial thunderstorm rainfall properties that are generally regarded as important in runoff production were studied over a range of basin scales within the USDA-ARS Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed. Various storm geometric measures were computed from a fine 100 x 100 m grid via interpolation. Multiquadric and kriging interpolation methods were compared yielding similar results. The multiquadric method was selected for further interpolation due to its ease of application. Regression techniques were then employed to relate storm measures to watershed runoff. The spatial portion of storm having comparatively higher intensities (>25 mm/hr) was found to be responsible for much of the runoff. The other important factors are storm area and duration. The study did not find evidence that the spatial storm location or antecedent watershed wetness influenced the runoff response in a consistent fashion. The antecedent channel wetness was found to have moderate influence for the largest of the three watersheds investigated.
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Niedfeldt, John Clyde. "RapidSCAT Slice Spatial Response Function Contour Parameterization." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2016. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6260.
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The spatial response function (SRF) of the backscatter measurements for a radar scatterometer is often used in reconstruction. It has been found that in many cases the SRF can be approximated as a binary function that is 1 inside the - 6 dB contour of the SRF and 0 outside. This improves the computation speed of reconstruction. Computing the SRF contour can still be a lengthy computation, which can be simplified by precomputing and tabulating key SRF contours. The tabular parameterization for many spinning scatterometers, i.e., QuikSCAT, is straight-forward. For RapidSCAT, this estimation is more involved than other radars due to the irregular orbit of its host platform, the International Space Station (ISS). This thesis presents a process for parameterizing the slice contours for RapidSCAT that are acceptable for reconstruction purposes. This thesis develops a new process for parameterizing slice contours. First, RapidSCAT SRFs are calculated using XfactorRS3, and -6 dB slice contours are found using matplotlib. Then, a suitable filter is found for reducing noise present in slice contours due to quantization error and interpolation inaccuracies. Afterwards, the polygon comparison algorithm is used to determine a set of approximation points. With the approximation points selected, the 3-rd order linear approximation is calculated using parameters available in the L1B data files for RapidSCAT. Finally, analysis of the parameterization is performed. Overall, I developed a process that parameterizes RapidSCAT slice contours with an average root mean square (RMS) error of roughly 1.5 km. This is acceptable for the application of the slice parameterization algorithm and significantly reduces computation compared to fully computing the SRF.
3
Foster, Collin David. "Spatial parameter estimation using measured frequency response functions." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314556.
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Bury, Samuel Gary. "The Estimation of the RapidScat Spatial Response Function." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6797.
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RapidScat is a pencil-beam wind scatterometer which operated from September 2014 to August 2016. Mounted aboard the International Space Station (ISS), RapidScat experiences significant altitude and attitude variations over its dataset. These variations need to be properly accounted for to ensure accurate calibration and to produce high resolution scatterometer images. Both the antenna pose and the one-way antenna pattern need to be validated. The spatial response function (SRF) is the two-way antenna pattern for a scatterometer combined with the processing and filtering done in the radar system electronics, and is dominated by the two-way pattern. To verify the pointing of the RapidScat antenna, the RapidScat SRF is estimated using on-orbit data. A rank reduced least squares estimate is used, which was developed previously for the Oceansat-2 (OSCAT) scatterometer [1]. This algorithm uses a small, isolated island as a delta function to sample the SRF. The island used is Rarotonga Island of the Cook Islands. The previously developed algorithm is updated to estimate the SRF in terms of beam azimuth and elevation angle rather than in kilometers on the ground. The angle-based coordinate system promotes greater understanding of how the SRF responds to biases and errors in antenna geometry. The estimation process is simulated to verify its accuracy by calculating the SRF for several thousand measurements in the region of Rarotonga. The calculated SRFs are multiplied by a corresponding synthetically created surface and integrated to yield simulated backscatter measurements, with added white noise. The SRF estimation algorithm is then performed. The results of the simulation show that the SRF estimation process yields a close estimate of the original SRF. The antenna pointing is validated by introducing a fixed offset in azimuth angle into the simulation and observing that the SRF is correspondingly shifted in the azimuth-elevation grid. The SRF computed from real data shows that there is an azimuth rotation angle bias of about 0.263 degrees for the inner beam and about 0.244 degrees for the outer beam. Since the SRF is dominated by the two-way antenna pattern, it can be modeled as the product of two identical one-way antenna patterns which are slightly offset from each other due to antenna rotation during the transmit/receive cycle. A method is developed based on this model to derive the one-way antenna pattern from the estimated SRF. Using a Taylor series expansion the one-way antenna pattern is computed from the SRF. The derived pattern recovers the SRF with small error, but there is significant error in the inferred one-way pattern when compared to the pre-launch estimated RapidScat one-way antenna pattern.
5
Kliegl, Reinhold, Martin Rolfs, Jochen Laubrock, and Ralf Engbert. "Microsaccadic Modulation of Response Times in Spatial Attention Tasks." Universität Potsdam, 2009. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/5709/.
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Covert shifts of attention are usually reflected in RT differences between responses to valid and invalid cues in the Posner spatial attention task. Such inferences about covert shifts of attention do not control for microsaccades in the cue target interval. We analyzed the effects of microsaccade orientation
on RTs in four conditions, crossing peripheral visual and auditory cues with peripheral visual and auditory discrimination targets. Reaction time was generally faster on trials without microsaccades in the cue-target interval. If microsaccades occurred, the target-location congruency of the last microsaccade in the cuetarget interval interacted in a complex way with cue validity. For valid visual cues, irrespective of whether the discrimination target was visual or auditory, target-congruent microsaccades delayed RT. For invalid cues, target-incongruent microsaccades facilitated RTs for visual target discrimination, but delayed RT for auditory target discrimination. No reliable effects on RT were associated with auditory cues or with the first microsaccade in the cue-target interval. We discuss theoretical implications on the relation about spatial attention and oculomotor processes.
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Herold, F. W., and J. A. Kaiser. "ELIMINATION OF SIDELOBE RESPONSE." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/607377.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 26-29, 1998 / Town & Country Resort Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, CaliforniaConventional phased arrays nominally sum the signals received by the elements prior to detection. By multiplying rather than summing signals received from pairs of elements, i.e., interferometer pairs, a set of Spatial Frequencies (SFs) is obtained. Obtaining the SFs requires employment of a multiple local oscillator technique. When summed, these spatial frequencies produce a single lobed (voltage) radiation pattern which, when passed through a biased detector, removes all sidelobes from the response at a small loss of desired signal power.
7
Harley, Eric. "Modeling Cancer Cell Response to Immunotherapy." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2004. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/hmc_theses/164.
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Significant work has been done modeling cancerous tumor growth and response to therapy under certain simplifying assumptions, specifically, the assumption of spatial homogeneity. We have chosen a spatially heterogenous model for cancer cell growth using a hybrid Lattice-Gas Cellular Automata method. Cell mitosis, apoptosis, and necrosis are explicitly modeled along with the diffusion of nutrients and a necrotic signal. The model implementation is verified qualitatively and is modified to execute on a parallel computer.
8
Rittenhouse, Chadwick D. "Wildlife response to spatial and temporal changes in forest habitat." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5537.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on June 15, 2009) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Yao, Norikazu. "Auditory localisation : contributions of sound location and semantic spatial cues." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2007. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16504/1/Norikazu_Yao_Thesis.pdf.
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In open skill sports and other tasks, decision-making can be as important as physical performance. Whereas many studies have investigated visual perception there is little research on auditory perception as one aspect of decision making. Auditory localisation studies have almost exclusively focussed on underlying processes, such as interaural time difference and interaural level difference. It is not known, however, whether semantic spatial information contained in the sound is actually used, and whether it assists pure auditory localisation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect on auditory localisation of spatial semantic information. In Experiment One, this was explored by measuring whole body orientation to the words "Left", "Right", "Back", "Front" and "Yes", as well as a tone, each presented from left right, front and back locations. Experiment Two explored the effect of the four spatial semantic words presented either from their matching locations, or from a position rotated 20 degrees anticlockwise. In both experiments there were two conditions, with subjects required to face the position indicated by the sound location, or the meaning of the word. Movements of the head were recorded in three dimensions with a Polhemus Fastrak system, and were analysed with a custom program. Ten young adult volunteers participated in each experiment. Reaction time, movement time, initial rotation direction, rotation direction at peak velocity, and the accuracy of the final position were the dependent measures. The results confirmed previous reports of confusions between front and back locations, that is, errors about the interaural axis. Unlike previous studies, many more back-to-front than front-toback errors was made. The experiments provided some evidence for a spatial Stroop interference effect, that is, an effect on performance of conflicting information provided by the irrelevant dimension of the stimulus, but only for reaction time and initial movement direction, and only in the Word condition. The results are interpreted using a model of the processes needed to respond to the stimulus and produce an orienting movement. They suggest that there is an asymmetric interference effect in which auditory localisation can interfere with localisation based on semantic content of words, but not the reverse. In addition, final accuracy was unaffected by any interference, suggesting that these effects are restricted to the initial stages of response selection.
10
Yao, Norikazu. "Auditory localisation : contributions of sound location and semantic spatial cues." Queensland University of Technology, 2007. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16504/.
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In open skill sports and other tasks, decision-making can be as important as physical performance. Whereas many studies have investigated visual perception there is little research on auditory perception as one aspect of decision making. Auditory localisation studies have almost exclusively focussed on underlying processes, such as interaural time difference and interaural level difference. It is not known, however, whether semantic spatial information contained in the sound is actually used, and whether it assists pure auditory localisation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect on auditory localisation of spatial semantic information. In Experiment One, this was explored by measuring whole body orientation to the words "Left", "Right", "Back", "Front" and "Yes", as well as a tone, each presented from left right, front and back locations. Experiment Two explored the effect of the four spatial semantic words presented either from their matching locations, or from a position rotated 20 degrees anticlockwise. In both experiments there were two conditions, with subjects required to face the position indicated by the sound location, or the meaning of the word. Movements of the head were recorded in three dimensions with a Polhemus Fastrak system, and were analysed with a custom program. Ten young adult volunteers participated in each experiment. Reaction time, movement time, initial rotation direction, rotation direction at peak velocity, and the accuracy of the final position were the dependent measures. The results confirmed previous reports of confusions between front and back locations, that is, errors about the interaural axis. Unlike previous studies, many more back-to-front than front-toback errors was made. The experiments provided some evidence for a spatial Stroop interference effect, that is, an effect on performance of conflicting information provided by the irrelevant dimension of the stimulus, but only for reaction time and initial movement direction, and only in the Word condition. The results are interpreted using a model of the processes needed to respond to the stimulus and produce an orienting movement. They suggest that there is an asymmetric interference effect in which auditory localisation can interfere with localisation based on semantic content of words, but not the reverse. In addition, final accuracy was unaffected by any interference, suggesting that these effects are restricted to the initial stages of response selection.
11
Corkum, Cristine V. "Response of small mammals to landscape structure at multiple spatial scales." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ47018.pdf.
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Smith, Victoria Clare. "Invertebrate response to weed diversity and spatial arrangement within arable fields." Thesis, University of Reading, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.494233.
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Weeds play a vital role in supporting arable biodiversity by providing both food and shelter to invertebrates and their predators. A better understanding of the relationship between weeds and invertebrates will form a necessary first step towards balancing the needs of both weed control and biodiversity in order to achieve a more sustainable system of crop production. Analysis of data from the FSEs (Farm Scale Evaluations) showed that no standard composition of weeds or invertebrates exists across all arable fields. Both weed and invertebrate species compositions varied according to the crop sown and, in the case of weeds, herbicide management applied. Variation in invertebrate composition was partially explained by variation in weed composition. This suggests that manipulating the composition of weeds within a crop may influence invertebrate composition.
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Shah, Syed Mohammad Saeed. "The influence of spatial variability in rainfall on the catchment response." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244892.
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A new stochastic rainfall field model is described which employs the Turning Bands Method (TBM) to transform a unidimensional Gaussian process, generated by the fractional differencing process along a line, into a multidimensional space-time Gaussian process with a specified space-time correlation structure. Transformations are applied to give the rainfall process a non-Gaussian and non-stationary structure. A correction factor is introduced into the model to take account of the effect of topography on rainfall. The model has been applied to the small upland Wye catchment in mid Wales (area 10.55 km2) and shown to reproduce satisfactorily the statistics and correlation structure of observed hourly point rainfall. As an extension to the rainfall field model, a new technique of conditional simulation has been used to generate the rainfall fields. The conditionally simulated rainfall fields reproduce exactly the observed point rainfalls at measurement points and likely realizations of rainfall fields between points. Rainfall fields generated by the above mentioned rainfall field model and the conditional simulation technique are fed directly into the Systeme Hydrologique European (SHE) model and the sensitivity of runoff prediction errors to (i) level of space-time correlation (ii) sampling of rainfall with different schemes in space and (iii) antecedent conditions are explored. It is found that in case of Wye catchment the errors deriving from sampling procedure used are generally small when rainfall fields were based on observed correlation structure. Sensitivity of errors to different correlation levels give the impression that errors increase with a decrease in correlation level. Further it is noticed that this trend of errors is more pronounced in `dry' catchment conditions as compared to `wet' catchment conditions. Overall the results for the small Wye catchment illustrate that the catchment acts as a smoother of the spatially distributed rainfall input at this spatial scale and for the rainfall regime in question. However, the results imply that for the typical raingauge densities encountered for larger catchments, significant errors may occur.
14
Tarnowski, Gary James. "Characterization and modeling of small area Hg1-x̳Cdx̳Te photodiode spatial response." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37732.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1994.On t.p., "x" is subscript.
Includes bibliographical references (leaf 124).
by Gary James Tarnowski.
M.S.
15
Dymén, Christian. "Engendering Spatial Planning : A Gender Perspective on Municipal Climate Change Response." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-141206.
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While climate change mitigation has been on the agenda of spatial planning practitioners for over two decades, adaptation has only become influential in spatial planning practice in recent years. This trend is evident not only at the municipal levelbut also at the regional and national levels. The revised planning and building law from 2011 states that municipalities must consider climate change. In parallel, a body of research focusing on the relationship between gender and concern for environmental and climate change and arguing that women are more concerned and proactive with respect to environmental issues has emerged. However, this research has been criticized for being essentialist and for stigmatizing women and men. The long-term aim of the present dissertation is to contribute to knowledge on how a gender perspective on municipal spatial planning can contribute to efficient and well-informed climate change response, as well as on how a gender perspective, as an analytical framework, can be developed to analyze, on the one hand, spatial planning related to climate change and, on the other, spatial planning more generally. One of the main contributions of my dissertation is to demonstrate that, by including a gender perspective in municipal climate change response, aspects that may be important for achieving efficient and well-informed spatial planning related to climate change response that are not typically prioritized can be afforded prominent places on the agenda. In this dissertation, I refer to these aspects as feminine values and perspectives—or attributes. I also contribute to the development of an analytical framework that can be used by policy makers and scientists to assess how a gender perspective is and can be integrated within municipal spatial planning processes related to climate change response, as well as spatial planning more generally. Furthermore, in addition to the development of efficient and well-informed responses, a dimension of gender equality must be considered. My dissertation contributes to the understanding that planners who adopt a gender perspective must consider the general level of gender equality in a country. Although the primary objective of this dissertation is to contribute to the development of efficient and well-informed policy, issues of equality and democracy cannot be overlooked. As I argue in my dissertation, participatory approaches to spatial planning are imperative for municipal efforts related to climate change. Nonetheless, participatory approaches require spatial planners to ensure that democracy and equality, on the one hand, and efficient and well-informed policy delivery, on the other, do not conflict.QC 20140214
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Wagge, Jordan Rose. "Contributions of response gain and contrast gain to human spatial pattern masking." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1250003782.
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Kim, Youngtae. "Spatial resolution limits for the reconstruction of acoustic source distribution by inverse techniques." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274706.
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Broadway, James Michael. "SNARC and SNAAC: spatial-numeric association of response codes and attentional cuing." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44708.
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Two event-related potential (ERP) experiments were conducted to investigate spatial-numeric associations of response codes (SNARC) and attentional cuing (SNAAC). In the SNARC effect, people respond faster when making a left-hand response to report that a number is small, and when making a right-hand response to report that a number is large. Experiment 1 examined effects of SNARC-compatibility and prior response-probability in a number comparison task. Lateralized readiness potentials (LRPs) showed that SNARC-compatibility influenced an intermediate stage of response-selection, and prior response-probability influenced both earlier and later stages. The P300 ERP component was also modulated by SNARC-compatibility and prior response-probability, suggesting parietal involvement in the SNARC effect. In the SNAAC effect, attention is directed to left-side regions of space upon viewing small-magnitude numbers, and to right-side regions of space upon viewing large-magnitude numbers. Experiment 2 investigated whether ERPs evoked by peripheral visual probes would be enhanced when probes appeared in the left hemifield after small-magnitude digits and when they appeared in the right hemifield after large-magnitude digits. ERPs to peripheral probes were not modulated by numerical magnitude of digit pre-cues.
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Vilmi, A. (Annika). "Assessing freshwater biodiversity:insights from different spatial contexts, taxonomic groups and response metrics." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2017. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526216669.
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Abstract Freshwater ecosystems are severely threatened by a variety of anthropogenic stressors. In order to keep track with at least part of the changes, it is important to efficiently assess and monitor freshwater biological diversity. Biological assessment programs are developed to detect human-induced changes in the ecological state of aquatic systems. These programs typically rely on the assumption that environmental conditions are the sole drivers of biological communities occupying a site and, thus, these local communities would correctly inform about environmental conditions. Recently, this background principle of current bioassessment methods has faced some criticism, stemming from the idea that community structuring is a more complex process than just a mere result of local environmental conditions. In this thesis, I studied the natural and anthropogenic drivers of freshwater biodiversity. I was particularly interested if the various biodiversity metrics studied showed any spatial patterns and if so, for which reasons these patterns might occur. To obtain a comprehensive picture of spatial patterns in biodiversity, I studied multiple spatial contexts, biological groups and indices. I found that environmental conditions were not the only drivers of freshwater biodiversity. Instead, different spatial patterns, likely stemming from dispersal processes, were surprisingly powerful drivers of aquatic communities and index values derived from them. The spatial context (i.e. spatial extent and connectivity) of the aquatic study systems likely played a major role in structuring biodiversity. I also found that the distinct biological groups and indices studied were partly related to different predictor variables. The findings of this thesis are of importance to the development of new bioassessment methods. The results of this thesis also suggest that the spatial context of the study setting should be acknowledged when interpreting results based on current bioassessment methodsTiivistelmä Makeanveden ekosysteemit ovat hyvin alttiita ihmistoiminnalle. Ekosysteemissä mahdollisesti tapahtuvien muutosten havaitseminen vaatii tehokkaita vesistöjen ekologisen tilan ja luonnon monimuotoisuuden arviointi- ja seurantamenetelmiä. Näiden menetelmien toimintaperiaatteen yleisenä tausta-ajatuksena on, että biologiset yhteisöt määräytyvät paikallisten ympäristöolojen mukaan. Tietyn paikan yhteisön oletetaan siis heijastavan kyseisen paikan ympäristön tilaa. Viime aikoina tausta-ajatus paikallisten ympäristöolojen merkityksestä ainoana eliöyhteisöjä muovaavana tekijänä on kuitenkin kohdannut kritiikkiä. Kriitikot painottavat, että biologisten yhteisöjen rakenteeseen vaikuttavat monet muutkin asiat kuin paikalliset ympäristöolosuhteet ja niissä tapahtuvat ihmisperäiset muutokset. Väitöskirjassani tutkin sisävesien luonnon monimuotoisuuteen vaikuttavia tekijöitä. Olin erityisen kiinnostunut siitä, näkyykö tutkituissa biologisissa parametreissa maantieteellisessä tilassa ilmeneviä spatiaalisia säännönmukaisuuksia. Saadakseni mahdollisimman laaja-alaisen käsityksen luonnon monimuotoisuudessa esiintyvistä spatiaalisista säännönmukaisuuksista, tutkin useaa spatiaalista kontekstia, eliöryhmää ja indeksiä. Tutkimuksessa selvisi, että paikalliset ympäristöolosuhteet eivät ole ainoita luonnon monimuotoisuuteen vaikuttavia tekijöitä. Erilaiset spatiaaliset säännönmukaisuudet, todennäköisesti eliöiden levittäytymiseen liittyvien seikkojen aiheuttamina, olivat yllättävän yleisiä makeiden vesien eliöyhteisöjen rakenteessa ja niihin perustuvien indeksien arvoissa. Tutkimussysteemien spatiaalinen konteksti (alueen laajuus ja paikkojen väliset spatiaaliset suhteet) selvästi vaikutti luonnon monimuotoisuutta kuvastavien indeksien arvojen vaihteluun. Lisäksi selvisi, että eri eliöryhmät ja indeksit olivat useimmiten liitoksissa hyvin erilaisiin selittäviin muuttujiin, osoittaen, että nämä mittarit kuvastavat eri asioita. Väitöskirjassa esitetyt havainnot on tärkeää huomioida vesistöjen ekologisen tilan ja luonnon monimuotoisuuden arviointi- ja seurantamenetelmiä kehitettäessä. Spatiaalisen kontekstin merkitys olisi hyvä huomioida myös nykyisten arviointi- ja seurantamenetelmien tuottamien tulosten tulkinnassa
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Fidler, Scott Richard. "Spatial and temporal variability of hydraulic response in fractured, low permeability sediments." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0005/NQ30608.pdf.
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Kornak, John. "Bayesian spatial inference from haemodynamic response parameters in functional magnetic resonance imaging." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325718.
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Moghadam, Manoochehr Salahi. "Yield and quality of cereals in response to inputs and spatial variability." Thesis, University of Reading, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270926.
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Montgomery, David Eric. "Modeling and visualization of laser-based three-dimensional experimental spatial dynamic response." Diss., This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10052007-143439/.
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Hoseini, Yazdi Seyed Hosein. "Spatial characteristics of the response of the human choroid to imposed defocus." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/120362/1/Seyed%20Hosein_Hoseini%20Yazdi_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis examined the thickness of the human choroid across a substantially larger region (~55°) than previously examined (~17°), its regional variation associated with myopia, and its short-term response to different spatial patterns of optical defocus. This research provided the first evidence of a local response of the choroid to a region specific pattern of myopic defocus in the human eye. These findings add to the current understanding of the choroid's contribution to vision dependent mechanisms of human eye growth and may assist in optimising the optical design of myopia control interventions.
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Benassi, Marianna <1987>. "Defining the time and spatial scale of climate response to CO2 changes." Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/10337.
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The goal of this research is to investigate the response of climate system to both temporal and spatial variations in the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. In the first part the response function of the atmosphere has been defined and the typical time scale involved in the fast response of the system to variations in the CO2 forcing has been evaluated. In the second part the effects of a set of localized and stationary anomalies of CO2 concentration on the state of the atmosphere have been detected with a set of GCM experiments, and further investigated with a set of linearized experiments. In order to perform these linearized experiments, a new linear version of the Eulerian Dynamical Core of CAM (Community Atmosphere Model) has been proposed. The linearized experiments have allowed to assess which forcing region, among the ones considered, is particularly effective in terms of both amplitude and spatial extent of the response.
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Simpson, David Gordon Giles, and dsimpson@swin edu au. "Instrumentation for high spatial resolution of steady state visual evoked potentials." Swinburne University of Technology, 1998. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20060711.123100.
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This thesis reports on several new and innovative instrumentation developments to
solve some of the problems of brain activity monitoring, particularly SSVEP (Steady
State Visual Evoked Potentials) studies. SSVEP systems generate suitable stimuli and
record the resulting brain biopotentials from scalp electrodes.
The instrumentation is configured as a 'Neuropsychiatric Workstation', supporting up to
136 scalp electrodes. Operating in the SSVEP mode, the Neuropsychiatric Workstation
reported here significantly improves upon the previously reported spatial resolution and
accuracy of maps related to the generated stimuli. These maps allows insights to be
gained into the cognitive workings of the brain.
A significant component of the work reported here covers the development of the multielectrode
EEG measurement modules and the associated techniques for minimising
interference and cross-talk. The techniques for synchronising recordings from all
electrodes with the stimulus, interfacing to a host computer and real-time storage of the
very large amounts of data generated to hard disk, are all reported.
The SSVEP paradigm uses a sinusoidal-modulated visual stimuli. A novel linearised
LED (light emitting diode) head-up display was developed, in addition to more
conventional stimuli, such as the alternating checker-board display, all with sinusoidal
modulation capability over a range of frequencies.
The Neuropsychiatric Workstation described in thesis has been replicated several times
and is in regular use at Brain Sciences Institute (BSI) at Swinburne University of
Technology, and other collaborative research institutes.
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Tuppad, Pushpa. "Hydrologic modeling response to NEXRAD and raingage spatial variability and strategic watershed management /." Search for this dissertation online, 2006. http://www.lib.umi.com/cr/ksu/main.
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Beyak, Bradley D. "Manipulating the salience of stimulus & response features in the spatial precuing task." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0028/MQ52041.pdf.
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Dickenson, Adrian C. "Repetition and interference effects in spatial stimulus - response compatibility : automatic and strategic factors." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314357.
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Poiani, Karen A. "Response of semi-permanent prairie wetland to climate change: a spatial simulation model." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39952.
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Gavin, T. Renwick. "Spatial determinism in the Canadian north : a theoretical overview and practice-based response." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.707167.
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Creson, Thomas Kyle. "Dose-response effects of lithium on spatial memory in the black molly fish." [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2002. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-0829102-150014/unrestricted/CresonT091102f.pdf.
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Bissett, Wesley Thurlow Jr. "Ecosystem health at the Texas coastal bend: a spatial analysis of exposure and response." Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/85889.
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This dissertation investigated locational risks to ecosystem health associated with
proximity to industrial complexes. The study was performed at the behest of ranchers
and citizens living and working down-prevailing wind from the Formosa Plastics, Inc.
and ALCOA facilities located in Calhoun County, Texas. Concerns expressed were for
potential genotoxicity resulting from exposure to complex chemical mixtures released by
the facilities. Exposure assessment of the marine environment was performed with
sediments and oysters from Lavaca Bay being analyzed. Numerous chemicals were
found to be present at concentrations considered likely to result in adverse responses in
exposed populations. Bayesian geostatistical analysis was performed to determine if the
concentrations were affected by a spatial process. Mercury and polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons were the most notable of the chemicals found to be present at elevated
concentrations and affected by a spatial process. Evaluation of maps generated from
spatial modeling revealed that proximity to ALCOA resulted in elevated risks for
exposure to harmful concentrations of pollutants. Genotoxicity was measured in two
sentinel species. Oysters (Crassostrea virginica) were utilized for evaluation of the
marine environment and cattle (Bos taurus and Bos taurus crossbred cattle) were chosen
for evaluation of the terrestrial environment. Chromosomal aberration analysis was
performed on oyster hematocytes. Analysis of the results failed to demonstrate the
presence of an important generalized spatial process but some specific locations close to
the ALCOA plant had elevations in this measure of genotoxicity. Stress as measured by
the lysosomal destabilization assay was also performed on oyster hematocytes. These results were found to be affected by a significant spatial process with the highest degree
of destabilization occurring in close proximity to ALCOA. Genotoxicity in cattle was
evaluated with the single cell gel electrophoresis assay and chromosomal aberration
analysis. Bayesian geostatistical analyis revealed the presence of important spatial
processes. DNA-protein cross-linkage was the most notable with a strong indication of
increased damage down-prevailing wind from the industrial complexes. Results
indicated that proximity to industrial facilities increased the risk for harmful exposures,
genotoxicity, and lysosomal destabilization.
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Costello, Anthony. "DEVELOPING A SPATIAL INTERFACE FOR INFORMATION VISUALIZATION AND MANAGEMENT IN A CRISIS RESPONSE SCENARIO." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2007. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2858.
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The focus of this study was to investigate how a spatial interface can be effectively utilized to support information presentation and information integration via human-centric data visualization, leading to decreased cognitive load, more accurate situation awareness, and subsequently, improved task performance. In high tempo, information intensive environments like those managed by an emergency operations center (EOC), information organization tools are essential. Though users can be trained to use conventional email software applications efficiently, the constraints of the information management paradigms inherent to conventional systems may limit a user's ability to gather context and create an accurate picture of the situation. It is possible that new data visualization techniques and information management paradigms may improve a user's performance far beyond these limits. To address these issues, theories regarding information management, cognitive workload and data visualization paradigms were explored and applied to create a software prototype spatial interface. This study focused on how an individual member of an EOC would need to collect and organize incoming incident reports (e.g., emails) for the purpose of quick analysis and integration. The operator then used this information to build a picture of the event or events taking place in their sphere of influence. Performance metrics were applied to determine whether or not an individual could perform faster and more accurately with the Incident Report Visual Organizer (IRVO) prototype software interface as opposed to a conventional interface (Microsoft Outlook). The findings from this exploratory evaluation are discussed, as well as the potential implications of utilizing spatial interfaces to manage information in dynamic environments.M.S.I.E.
Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
Engineering and Computer Science
Industrial Engineering MSIE
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Al-Smadi, Mohammad Ahmed. "Incorporating Spatial and Temporal Variation of Watershed Response in a GIS-based Hydrologic Model." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36216.
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The hydrograph at the watershed outlet was simulated using the time-area curve
concept implemented in a geographic information system (GIS). The goal of this study was
to determine if hydrograph prediction accuracy would be improved by accounting for spatial
and temporal variation of excess rainfall. Three models with different methods of
estimating excess rainfall were developed: the Distributed Curve Number (DCN) model
uses a CN for each cell, generating spatially distributed excess rainfall using the
Soil Conservation Services curve number method (SCS, 1972); the Uniform Curve Number
(UCN) model uses a single "average" CN for the whole watershed, thus generating
a uniform excess rainfall; the Phi index model which uses the Phi-index method to
generate uniform excess rainfall.
With the aid of a GIS, the cumulative flow time to the watershed outlet is
estimated for each cell in the watershed and the isochrones of equal travel time are
developed. The time-area curve is developed in the form of an S curve. The spatially
distributed 1-hr unit hydrograph is derived from the S curve as the difference between
the S curve and its value lagged by 1-hr. The models used in this study describe the
physical processes and flow mechanisms. They also reflect effects of watershed
characteristics (slope, landuse, soil drainage potential) and excess rainfall intensity
on the resulting hydrograph at the watershed outlet. Surface flow is divided into
channel flow and overland flow based on the upstream drainage area. Flow is routed
to the watershed outlet through a channel network derived from the watershed Digital
Elevation Model (DEM).
The models developed were tested against observed rainfall-runoff data from
the 1153-ha Virginia Piedmont watershed (Owl Run). A total of 30 storms were simulated,
with statistical comparison of peak flow rate, time to peak flow rate, and the hydrograph
shape. The hydrograph shape was compared both visually and statistically. Results
indicated that the two models which account for temporal variation in excess rainfall
(DCN and UCN) predicted the output hydrograph much more accurately than the Phi model
which lacks the ability to capture the temporal variation of excess rainfall. For this
watershed, results showed that the spatial variability in excess rainfall which was
accounted for by the DCN model did not improve the prediction accuracy over the UCN
model which lacks that ability. However, a sensitivity analysis for the effect of the
spatial distribution of the excess rainfall indicated that can be a significant effect
of spatial distribution on the predicted hydrograph.Master of Science
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MATTAVELLI, MATTEO. "Development of a Glaciological Spatial Data Infrastructure to assess glacier response to climatic fluctuation." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/102679.
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L’obiettivo del progetto di ricerca è creare una metodologia per ricercare, archiviare e diffondere dati glaciologici partendo dallo sviluppo di una infrastruttura di dati spaziali (SDI) che possa essere utile allo studio dell’evoluzione glaciale in relazione ai cambiamenti climatici. Questa ricerca è parte del progetto di interesse nazionale NextData (www.nextdataproject.it). Nei primi due anni è stato sviluppato un geodatabase contenente dati riguardanti la caratterizzazione chimico-fisica di carote di ghiaccio. La prima versione del geodb presentava delle criticità che sono state superate con l’implementazione della seconda versione dove sono stati applicati i seguenti miglioramenti: Sviluppata e applicata una metodologia di riposizionamento, aggiunta di differenti entità con informazioni riguardanti il progetto di perforazione, il sito di perforazione, le references dei dati e tutte le informazioni aggiuntive utili per la classificazione e la caratterizzazione delle ice cores. Durante il terzo anno di ricerca alla nuova struttura creata e chiamata IDB2 sono stati uniti diversi database glaciologici contenenti dati spaziali, geomorfometrici e informazioni su ghiacciai. E’ stata sviluppata una nuova parte dell’infrastruttura capace di accogliere dati derivanti da analisi geomorfologiche, nello specifico sono state aggiunte due entità chiamate rispettivamente Glacier_code_tab e Glacier_data_tab. La prima archivia l’unione tra differenti banche dati glaciologiche. Nello specifico gli ID del GLIMS, RGI, WGI, WGMS sono stati aggiunti e collegati ad ogni ghiacciaio perforato. La seconda contiene dati geomorfologici calcolati tramite un algoritmo GIS sviluppato durante il terzo anno. L’algoritmo sviluppato in ambiente GIS è stato chiamato GLACIER DATA MODULE (GDM). L’algoritmo è stato sviluppato per poter ricavare informazioni dettagliate per la calibrazione dei Minimal glacier model (MGM), una famiglia di modelli glaciologici per la predizione dell’andamento dei ghiacciai in risposta alle fluttuazioni climatiche. La procedura richiede per ogni ghiacciaio come input DTM, poligoni riportanti il confine glaciale e le linee di flusso del ghiaccio. Queste ultime sono state calcolate partendo dal risultato dell’algoritmo r.flow e dopo un attenta analisi geomorfologica è stata individuata la flow line principale del ghiacciaio analizzato. L’algoritmo è stato applicato a 34 ghiacciai della catena alpina con le più lunghe misurazione di bilanci di massa, parametro fondamentale per la calibrazione dei MGM. I dati di input per l’algoritmo sono stati ricavati dalla SDI IDB2 e come DTM è stato usato ASTER GDEMv2. I risultati del GDM sono stati usati per popolare IDB2 chiudendo così l’iteratività della SDI creata e sono stati usati per calibrare i MGM utili a valutare la risposta dei ghiacciai ai cambiamenti climatici. I dati geomorfologici ricavati dall’analisi spaziale sui ghiacciai sono anche stati usati per definire degli andamenti utili a definire la distribuzione dei ghiacci alpini lungo la catena montuosa.
Per concludere la creazione della SDI, un geoportale è stato sviluppato ed è disponibile al sito: http://geomatic.disat.unimib.it/home/geomatic/idb2/.
Concludendo, durante il mio dottorato ho sviluppato una SDI contenente dati glaciologici. La struttura ha permesso fino ad oggi di modellare la suscettibilità di ghiacciai non polari alla perforazione e di calibrare modelli glaciologici semplici come i MGM utilizzati per valutare la risposta dei ghiacciai ai cambiamenti climatici. La struttura verrà usata in futuro come base per lo sviluppo di banca dati riguardate tutti i proxy paleoclimatici utili alla ricostruzione del clima nella penisola italiana degli ultimi 2k anni.The aim of my Ph.D. research is to create a methodology for recovery, storage, access and disseminate glaciological data, starting from the development of a spatial data infrastructure (SDI) and use it to study the evolution of the glaciers in relation with climate change. My research is part of the project of interest Nextdata (www.nextdataproject.it). In the first two years a geodatabase for glaciological data was built. A new structure that can contain data about world non polar ice core characterization (IDB1) was implemented. To overlap IDB1 critical issues a new structure was set-up with this improvements: A repositioning methodology was set-up to increase the accuracy of coordinates of the ice cores, different entities with information about project of perforation, drilling-site, references of data and additional information about ice core were added to the structure. During the third year of research the new geodatabase IDB2 was linked with glaciological databases of glaciers containing spatial, geomorphometric and other information. A new part was developed to store data coming from geomorphological analysis. In particular two entities about glaciers were added: the first, Glacier_Code_tab stores the union between the different glaciers databases such as GLIMS, RGI, WGI, WGMS id for each perforated or not perforated glaciers. The second one, Glacier_Data_Tab contains the geomorphological parameters such as Flow line length, min and max elevation, averaged slope and aspect calculate using a GIS algorithm developed. A GIS module called GlacierDataModule (GDM) was developed also during the third year to provide detailed information to calibrate minimal glacier model (MGM) to assess glaciers response to climatic fluctuations and to linkage the geomorphological parameters with climate variability. The procedure requires for each glacier, as inputs DTMs, POLYGONs and FLOW LINEs. The flow lines was calculated starting from the results of r.flow algorithms and after a subjective evaluation based on morphological parameters the most important flow lines were digitalized. The algorithm was applied at 34 glaciers of great alpine region (GAR) that are the glaciers with the longest measurements of mass balance, the primary data needed to run the minimal model. Input data required to GDM were recovered from IDB2 and ASTER GDEMv2 was used as DEM input source. Results of GDM on GAR was used to populate IDB2 in an iterative way and used to calibrate the MGM to assess glaciers response to climatic fluctuations. Geomorphological data coming from the spatial analysis on glaciers was also used to compare the glaciers and find some behaviour useful to evaluate the glacier distribution along the GAR. The results of this analysis shows a clear climatic characteristic of the glaciers of GAR. Only 34 glaciers was evaluated but the results was comparable to the results presents by Evans in his study where 6561 glaciers on GAR were taken in account (Evans, I.S., 2006). A geoportal with a webgis available at: http://geomatic.disat.unimib.it/home/geomatic/idb2/ was developed to share this data. In conclusion during my Ph.D. a SDI contain glaciological data was set-up, drawn and implemented. SDI allowed until now at the scientific community to modelling the suitability for ice core drilling of mountains glaciers and provide a input parameters to run a GIS module developed. GIS Module is used to obtain geomorphological parameters to calibrate minimal model, evaluate the glaciers response at climatic fluctuations through the glacier distribution along the GAR. The IDB2 will be also used in the future to identify paleo-climatic proxy that could be useful, within the interaction of other paleo-climatic proxies (lake sediments; marine sediments; pollen and corals), to reconstruct the last 2K years of climate variability in Italy.
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Kennedy, David Keith. "The effects of taste quality and spatial location on the potentiation of an aversion to a non-gustatory stimulus." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/468.
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Kuhar, Christopher William. "Factors Affecting Spatial Abilities of Captive Western Lowland Gorillas: Age, Gender, and Experience." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2004. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-11082004-160755/unrestricted/Kuhar%5FChristopher%5FW%5F200412%5Fphd.pdf.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005.Maple, Terry L., Committee Chair ; Bettinger, Tammie L., Committee Member ; Herndon, James G., Committee Member ; Bloomsmith, Mollie A., Committee Member ; Smith, Anderson D., Committee Member ; Marr, M. Jackson, Committee Member. Includes bibliographical references.
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Harris, Anjanette Patricia. "Effect of housing conditions on sex differences in spatial cognition in rats." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/3949.
Full textAbstract:
Male mammals typically outperform females in tests of spatial ability. However, in laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus), from which the majority of data in support of this difference come, sex differences are not consistently found. Since stress affects cognition in males and females differently, I investigated possible sources of stress (e.g. housing conditions, spatial tasks) and the impact they have on cognitive performance in male and female rats. Firstly, I investigated whether isolation housing, purported to be chronically stressful, affected the presence of sex differences in a dark-eyed and an albino strain of rat. Irrespective of sex and strain, I found that young or old rats isolated for long or short periods were not behaviourally or cognitively impaired relative to pairhoused conspecifics. I found, however, that behaviour caused by the acute stress of the task impeded performance. Furthermore, sex differences in performance were found only when the females were more stressed than the males during testing. Additionally, the degree to which the rats found the task stressful depended upon the age at which they travelled from the breeding establishment. In the dark-eyed strain, males were always less stressed than the females, but also out performed the females only if they travelled while young (4-5 weeks old). Both sexes seemed to be less stressed by the task if the rats travelled as adults. Conversely, in the albino strain, males outperformed females only if the rats travelled as adults, because in the young travellers both sexes were equally and highly stressed during testing. Therefore, the acute stress response, which seems to underlie sex differences in cognitive performance, was influenced by the age at which the rats travelled in a sex and strain dependent manner. Next, I considered the impact of the physical attributes of the home cage on a rat’s welfare and performance in a cognitive task. I found that, male and female rats housed with a barrier that reduced visual contact from their cage showed higher levels of behavioural stress in their home cage than did rats housed without a barrier between the cages. Rats housed with the barrier were also more stressed during spatial testing and had poorer cognitive performance relative to rats housed without the barrier. Pair housing did not ameliorate the effect of the barrier. Based on these data, although a rather unorthodox suggestion, I propose that single housing with a view may be preferable to pair housing without a view. One implication of this finding is that the number of animals used in an experiment could be significantly reduced if the home cages allow sufficient visual interactions. Lastly, I investigated the impact of environmental enrichment on spatial cognition and behavioural stress responses. I found, contrary to current opinion, that enriched rats outperformed non-enriched animals not because they had superior cognitive ability but because their behavioural stress response was reduced significantly during testing. Furthermore, withdrawing enrichment from rats for at least one week did not increase stress responses during testing or impair cognitive performance. Therefore, exposure to enrichment, even if later withdrawn, improves welfare by reducing stress during cognitive testing. In conclusion, a differential behavioural stress response during cognitive testing may explain why males outperform females and why enriched animals do better than non-enriched animals in tests of spatial cognition. Furthermore, variation in this behavioural stress response may in part explain why sex differences in performance are not consistently found in laboratory rats.
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Gardner, Kristin Kiara. "Spatial and seasonal variability of watershed response to anthropogenic nitrogen loading in a mountainous watershed." Diss., Montana State University, 2010. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2010/gardner/GardnerK1210.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Anthropogenic activity has greatly increased watershed export of bioavailable nitrogen. Escalating levels of bioavailable nitrogen can deteriorate aquatic ecosystems by promoting nuisance algae growth, depleting dissolved oxygen levels, altering biotic communities, and expediting eutrophication. Despite these potential detrimental impacts, there is notable lack of understanding of the linkages between anthropogenic nitrogen inputs and the spatial and seasonal heterogeneity of stream network concentrations and watershed nitrogen export. This dissertation research seeks to more accurately define these linkages by investigating the roles of landscape position and spatial distribution of anthropogenic nitrogen inputs on the magnitude and speciation of watershed nitrogen export and retention and how these roles vary seasonally across contrasting landscapes in a 212 km² mountainous watershed in southwest Montana. Results indicate localized inputs of anthropogenic nitrogen occurring in watershed areas with quick transport times to streams had disproportionate effects on watershed nitrogen export compared to spatially distributed or localized inputs of nitrogen to areas with longer transport times. In lower elevation alluvial streams, these effects varied seasonally and were most evident during the dormant winter season by amplified nitrate peaks, elevated dissolved organic nitrogen:dissolved organic nitrogen (DIN:DON) ratios and lower dissolved organic carbon (DOC):total dissolved nitrogen (DOC:TDN). During the summer growing season, biologic uptake of nitrogen masked anthropogenic influences on watershed nitrogen export; however, endmember mixing analysis of nitrate isotopes revealed significant anthropogenic influence during the growing season, despite low nitrate concentrations and DIN:DON ratios. In contrast, streams draining alpine environments consisting of poorly developed, shallow soils and small riparian areas exhibited yearlong elevated nitrate concentrations compared to other sites, suggesting these areas were highly nitrogen enriched. Watershed modeling revealed the majority of watershed nitrogen retention occurred in the upland environment, most likely from biological uptake or lack of hydrologic connectivity. This work has critical implications for watershed management, which include: 1) developing flexible strategies that address varying landscape characteristics and nitrogen loading patterns across a watershed, 2) avoiding clustering nitrogen loading in areas with quick travel times to surface waters, 3) seasonal monitoring to accurately gauge watershed nitrogen saturation status, and 4) incorporating spatial relationships into streamwater nitrogen models.
'Co-authored by Brian L. McGlynn and Lucy A. Marshall.'
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Mhamane, Amit [Verfasser], Philippe [Akademischer Betreuer] Bastiaens, and Andrea [Gutachter] Musacchio. "Spatial distributed phosphatome determines EGFR phosphorylation response / Amit Mhamane ; Gutachter: Andrea Musacchio ; Betreuer: Philippe Bastiaens." Dortmund : Universitätsbibliothek Dortmund, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1160443351/34.
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Jimenez, Castro Jorge Alfonso. "Analysis of data from field plot experiments using models for spatial covariance and yield response." Thesis, University of Reading, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306463.
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Rollins, Sarah. "Acoustics of the Salt Lake Tabernacle: Characterization and Study of Spatial Variation." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2005. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/709.
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In order to preserve the acoustics of the Salt Lake Tabernacle after the seismic renovation of 2005-2006, it was necessary to characterize these acoustics immediately preceding the renovation. This thesis discusses the characterization process that began with the measurement of hundreds of impulse responses for five different source positions and several receiver locations throughout the hall seating areas. The acoustics were further characterized by deriving various parameters from these responses that correlate with subjective preferences for music and speech. Impulse responses were also generated by a CATT-Acoustic™ computer model of the Tabernacle for the same purpose. The parameter values were then mapped over diagrams of the seating areas of the hall to show the spatial variation of the acoustics. To further investigate the variation, statistics were calculated for each parameter and an algorithm was developed to determine the minimum number of receiver locations necessary to adequately characterize the hall. Computer models were also used to investigate focusing effects of the curved ceiling and historical comments made about the improvements to the acoustics with addition of the balcony in 1870.
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Warman, Craig S. "Understanding the spatial and temporal variation in anthropogenically induced channel response in the Irwin River catchment." University of Western Australia. School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0214.
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The Irwin River catchment, located in the central western region of Western Australia, has been the scene of significant geomorphological change over both historical and geological timescales. This thesis focuses on the most recent of these changes, the anthropogenic imprint, through the development of a catchment-scale understanding of system behaviour. Analysis and modelling of changes in the hydrological behaviour of the system indicates that while the Irwin River has displayed a natural susceptibility to large flood events, these have been exacerbated by the widespread clearing of native vegetation throughout the catchment. As a result, when such events do occur, the catchment response is now larger, more direct and has a greater ability to cause erosion. However, the nature and detail of sediment yield processes and stream channel response varies markedly throughout the system. A series of representative channel reaches, as defined by their planform characteristics, geometry and architecture, are presented to illustrate spatial changes in stream channel behaviour. A distinct variation in river morphotypes is seen both downstream throughout the system as well as across the tributary sub-catchments of the Irwin River, Lockier River and Green Brook. This inter and intra sub-catchment variation in stream channel response can be attributed to changes in the boundary conditions and coupling mechanisms in operation throughout the Irwin River system. The pronounced spatial variability in response to human disturbance and the changing nature of catchment-scale connectivity seen in the Irwin River system differs markedly to that reported elsewhere in the literature. Appreciation of the variability in form, behaviour and evolutionary history throughout the Irwin River catchment not only provides the foundation for effective management but also contributes to a wider understanding of fluvial system behaviour. Unlike the majority of existing literature, which tends to identify and measure channel changes in a single catchment where historical variation to the sediment and discharge regime is well known, this study demonstrates the role of boundary conditions in determining the response of the fluvial system to changing environmental controls.
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Shepard, William Steve Jr. "The impact of attached feature scales and spatial distributions on the response of structural-acoustic systems." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/18911.
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Ingram, James. "Quantifying the spatial and temporal response of UTH and OLR to deep convection over Tropical Africa." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/29430.
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Upper Tropospheric Humidity (UTH) has a strong control on clear-sky Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR). Moisture from the boundary layer is transported to the drier upper troposphere by convective ascent in the tropics and realised in the form of deep convective clouds. The spatial and temporal response of UTH and the corresponding OLR are cause for debate. This study uses geostationary satellite imagery from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI) to estimate UTH using water vapour channel radiances. Deep convection over Tropical Africa is detected using the difference between 6.2 mm and 7.3 mm brightness temperatures. The sensitivity of TOA brightness temperatures to cloud properties including cloud top height and optical depth are modelled using the Santa Barbara Disort Atmospheric Radiative Transfer model with thresholds developed using colocated matchups with CloudSat and CALIPSO cloud classifications. The most appropriate thresholds are determined using probability statistics and receiver operating characteristic curves. Deep convective clouds are tracked over their lifetime in June and December 2010 using a cloud tracking algorithm, based on an area overlap method. A general robust pattern in the UTH response emerges. A stronger response of UTH is found in the spatial domain than that over the temporal domain. UTH decreases with distance from the cloud edge, whilst a small increase is seen over the cloud lifetime. This was found to be controlled by cloud size and cloud lifetime, with larger and longer lived clouds causing a stronger perturbation in UTH. The UTH response was found to be stronger in June than in December. A strong negative correlation is found between UTH and OLR perturbations, with OLR measured using the Geostationary Earth Radiation Budget (GERB) instrument. This pattern is stronger in December than June.
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Qangule, Thembeka. "Claiming, breaking and creating : a visual response to the experience of constructed social and spatial constraints." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6098.
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Bibliography: leaves 83-86.My personal experiences of patriarchal abusive behaviour have shaped and affected me. Two things in my formative schooling years marked the beginning of deep emotional disturbances in my life. Firstly, the vulnerability of being a female schoolgirl, constantly trapped in fear by threats of potentially abusive boys both within and without school premises. The 'old boys', as we would refer to them, instilled in me a negative attitude towards men that has affected me in later life. Secondly, my Sub A teacher who welcomed me with a 'klap' on my first day at school. This was followed by a long year of misery. I found myself going through a journey of broken emotions that resulted in years of aggressive behaviour, creating havoc in my family. This disturbing turbulence led me to seek internal liberation in order to analyse and deal with my emotional state. My health became affected by constant headaches and other stress related conditions. In addition to these formative experiences is my experience as a fine art student at the University of Fort Hare. Like many other black people in South Africa, I entered the field of fine art at a tertiary level with no prior art training. My early work was informed by social concerns and focused thematically on the upbringing of children in a safe and conducive environment. This idea emanated from what I observed and perceived as the submissiveness and subordination of women in my neighbourhood, either as mothers or as girlfriends. The failure for women to stand up to their authoritative, abusive husbands has detrimental effects on children. One of the reasons being that children ' ... attempt to protect a mother who is being attacked by a male companion or a husband, or they are emotionally damaged by witnessing violence and abuse' (hooks 2000: 72). Once I had obtained my undergraduate degree I enrolled at the University of Cape Town for an HDE (Higher Diploma in Education in pursuit of my career). That was a distressing experience. I constantly felt alienated from the tutorial group as I was the only black person in the art tutorial class. This was my first involvement with 'white establishment'. Language and culture, among other things, created a gap and a barrier between my classmates and myself and I discovered that this was the case with other black students also from Fort Hare. Unlike at Fort Hare, I could not easily approach lecturers at UCT to discuss problematic areas concerning my studies. At the time there was only one male black lecturer, who only came in for a section in the Psychology of Education course. Entering UCT felt for me like an act of trespass. I made up my mind that I would not allow myself to feel as if I was at UCT under protest. It is this approach that is the impetus for this dissertation.
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Garris, Heath William. "Restructuring of Wetland Communities in Response to a Changing Climate at Multiple Spatial and Taxonomic Scales." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1383312022.
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Wehtje, Morgan Gompper Matthew Edzart. "Response of raccoon spatial and social behavior to the presence of an experimentally clumped food resource." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5332.
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The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on January 20, 2010). Thesis advisor: Dr. Matthew E. Gompper. Includes bibliographical references.
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Mitchell, Laura R. "Temporal and Spatial Response of Two Tidal Marsh Species to Salinity Changes in the Pamunkey River." W&M ScholarWorks, 1991. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617633.
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