Academic literature on the topic 'Spatial regulations'
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Journal articles on the topic "Spatial regulations"
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Peng, Cong, and Peng Yuan. "Influence of environmental regulations on China’s tourism competitiveness." Nankai Business Review International 10, no. 3 (August 5, 2019): 429–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nbri-12-2017-0073.
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Purpose China intends to enhance its environmental regulations, which will affect many industries, because of the serious environmental pollution that the country faces. This study aims to investigate the influence of environmental regulations on China’s provincial tourism competitiveness. Design/methodology/approach A vertical-and-horizontal scatter degree method is used to construct provincial-level tourism competitiveness and environmental regulation indices in China. Thereafter, a spatial econometric model is established to empirically assess the influence of environmental regulations on China’s provincial tourism competitiveness and investigate the spatial spillover effects of environmental regulations. Findings Environmental regulations and China’s provincial tourism competitiveness exhibit a “U”-shaped relationship, mainly because of the indirect effects of environmental regulations (spatial spillover effects). The environmental regulation indices of the majority of the provinces have crossed the turning point. Thus, improving environmental regulations has a positive effect on tourism competitiveness. This effect mainly originates from the positive spatial spillover effects. Social implications Tourism development plays an important role in promoting economic growth. However, increasing environmental pollution may constrain the development of tourism. Therefore, the possible influence of environmental regulations on tourism development should be understood. Originality/value At present, no research has explored the influence of environmental regulations on China’s tourism competitiveness. The current study considers the nonlinear effects of environmental regulations and investigates their spatial spillover effects.
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Kinanda, Rezky. "PERCEPATAN PENYELESAIAN PERDA RTRW KABUPATEN INDRAGIRI HILIR SEBAGAI PEDOMAN PENATAAN RUANG." Selodang Mayang: Jurnal Ilmiah Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir 5, no. 3 (December 27, 2019): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.47521/selodangmayang.v5i3.131.
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Regional Regulation on Spatial Planning is an important element for each region because it contains binding regulations regarding spatial planning. This binding regulation will seek strict direction and strict limits on regional development. Regions that do not yet have local regulations on RTRW have the potential to experience conflicts, such as the seizure of spatial use areas by several sectors, furthermore each sector wants to be the main focus and become the most considered sector, then exploitation of space becomes uncontrolled because there are no strict rules governing boundaries. It is in the Regional Regulation on Regional Spatial Planning that local governments can get it all.
The drafting or completion of the Regional Regulation on Spatial Planning is not an easy thing to achieve in many regions in Indonesia. The proof is that there are still many regions that do not yet have local regulations on RTRW, including Indragiri Hilir Regency. This becomes the grid that Inhil Regency is threatened to get a negative effect from the absence of RTRW regulations.
This journal explains the important points why Inhil District needs a Regional Regulation on RTRW. This is also emphasized by the display of adverse effects if the RTRW regulation is not finished by the Inhil Government. This journal will also explain about any obstacles that the Inhil District Government might face in the effort to resolve the RTRW Perda.
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He, Xinhua, Wenjun Liu, Ruiqi Hu, and Wenfa Hu. "Environmental Regulations on the Spatial Spillover of the Sustainable Development Capability of Chinese Clustered Ports." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 3 (March 9, 2021): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9030301.
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For years, China has adopted environmental regulations in developing ports to improve their sustainability. Based on the data of Chinese ports from 2009 to 2018, this paper presents a data envelopment analysis model with subdividing input-output indicator weights and develops it further in two stages with the weight preference and the slacks-based measure, respectively. After assessing the sustainable development capability (SDC) of Chinese ports and their spatial correlation, it revealed that Chinese ports are clustered in several regions and their SDC has spilled over into their neighbors. Further study revealed the SDC is affected by environmental regulations in different ways: as a key measure among regulations to improve the SDC, voluntary regulation has a spatial spillover effect, but neither the mandatory regulation nor public media regulation can significantly improve the SDC. This suggests that the port authority should enact environmental regulations based on the port spatial difference and the port should expand its operation scale and market size and recruit more top talent, which is good for improving its productivity and reducing its carbon emissions.
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Wang, Xiaowen, Shuting Wang, and Yunsheng Zhang. "The Impact of Environmental Regulation and Carbon Emissions on Green Technology Innovation from the Perspective of Spatial Interaction: Empirical Evidence from Urban Agglomeration in China." Sustainability 14, no. 9 (April 29, 2022): 5381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095381.
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As an important means of reducing carbon emissions, environmental regulation and green technology innovation have become a top research topic in academia in recent years. Existing studies have investigated the phenomenon of green technology innovation responses to carbon emissions, but there is less existing literature explaining this phenomenon from a spatial perspective and exploring the effect of the joint mechanism of carbon emissions and environmental regulation on green technology innovation. Based on the spatial econometric model, this study used the panel data of 41 cities in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration from 2010 to 2019, to measure the impact of environmental regulation and carbon emissions on green technology innovation from the perspective of spatial interaction. The findings are as follows: green technology innovation in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration shows a trend of “high in the east and low in the west” and has spatial autocorrelation; green technology innovation responds positively to changes in environmental regulations and carbon emissions and, by decomposing the spatial effects, it can be observed that there is a spatial spillover effect of environmental regulations and carbon emissions on green technology innovation in the surrounding areas; there is a substitution effect between environmental regulations and carbon emissions. This paper combines the above results and proposes the corresponding policy recommendations.
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Deng, Yanxiang, Marek Bartosovic, Petra Kukanja, Di Zhang, Yang Liu, Graham Su, Archibald Enninful, Zhiliang Bai, Gonçalo Castelo-Branco, and Rong Fan. "Spatial-CUT&Tag: Spatially resolved chromatin modification profiling at the cellular level." Science 375, no. 6581 (February 11, 2022): 681–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abg7216.
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Spatial omics emerged as a new frontier of biological and biomedical research. Here, we present spatial-CUT&Tag for spatially resolved genome-wide profiling of histone modifications by combining in situ CUT&Tag chemistry, microfluidic deterministic barcoding, and next-generation sequencing. Spatially resolved chromatin states in mouse embryos revealed tissue-type-specific epigenetic regulations in concordance with ENCODE references and provide spatial information at tissue scale. Spatial-CUT&Tag revealed epigenetic control of the cortical layer development and spatial patterning of cell types determined by histone modification in mouse brain. Single-cell epigenomes can be derived in situ by identifying 20-micrometer pixels containing only one nucleus using immunofluorescence imaging. Spatial chromatin modification profiling in tissue may offer new opportunities to study epigenetic regulation, cell function, and fate decision in normal physiology and pathogenesis.
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Zhu, Wang, Qiu, and Zhu. "Effects of Environmental Regulations on Technological Innovation Efficiency in China’s Industrial Enterprises: A Spatial Analysis." Sustainability 11, no. 7 (April 11, 2019): 2186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11072186.
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China’s traditional industrial model is characterized by high energy consumption and high pollution, which results in many environmental problems that cannot be ignored. To achieve sustainable development, the Chinese government has proposed five development concepts of “innovation, coordination, green, openness, and sharing”. This initiative highlights the urgency of China’s efforts to strengthen environmental regulation. Based on the panel data of industrial enterprises in China from 2006 to 2015, this study not only investigates the spatial features of technological innovation efficiency, but also examines the relationship between technology innovation efficiency and environmental regulations from a spatial perspective. The results indicate that first, China’s provincial-level technological innovation efficiencies are uneven in space. Second, voluntary regulation positively affects the technological innovation efficiency of industrial enterprises at the provincial level, while mandatory regulation has no significant impact. Third, there is a spatial spillover effect in voluntary regulation at the provincial level. One highlight implication is that the government should promulgate environmental regulations based on each province’s technological innovation potential, due to the spatial differences in technological innovation activities.
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Parlina, Iin, and Siti Rodhiyah Dwi Istinah. "The Effectiveness Of Civil Servant Candidate (PPNS) In Enforcement Of Spatial Planning Laws." Law Development Journal 3, no. 3 (August 12, 2021): 538. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/ldj.3.3.538-545.
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This study aims to describe the effectiveness of PPNS in enforcing the Spatial Planning Law. In line with the research objectives, in this study using normative juridical research methods, it is concluded: (1) The issuance of Act No. 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation, has changed the content of Act No. 26 of 2007 concerning Spatial Planning. The legal basis for implementing spatial planning nationally, needs to be synergized in one Government Regulation. PP 21 of 2021 concerning the Implementation of Spatial Planning, integrates various cross-sectoral, cross-regional, and cross-stakeholder interests which are manifested in the preparation of Spatial Plans. Creating conditions for laws and regulations in the field of Spatial Planning that support the investment climate and ease of doing business. Violation of Act No. 11 of 2020, carried out by Civil Servant Investigators (“PPNS”), which are investigators from civil servants to investigate certain criminal acts. The effectiveness of the application of the law for violations of spatial planning, is highly dependent on the legal instruments of each Ministry or government agency/institution. Strengthening legal instruments (both regulations and institutional investigators for PPNS) needs to be taken seriously, because of the lack of legal application for violators of spatial planning. (2) The implementation of spatial planning is still not in accordance with the existing laws and regulations.
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Wang, Xinyu, Yuanze Chai, Wensen Wu, and Adnan Khurshid. "The Empirical Analysis of Environmental Regulation’s Spatial Spillover Effects on Green Technology Innovation in China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 2 (January 7, 2023): 1069. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021069.
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Green technology innovation is one of the driving forces of industrial structure upgrading. This innovation is thought to be related to environmental regulation. The study uses panel data for 30 Chinese provinces and cities from 2009 to 2020 and presents a comprehensive research-based explanation of how environmental regulations impact green innovation. This study employs the spatial Durbin model to analyze the spillover effect of the region. The results show that the total impact of environmental regulations is 0.223%, of which the direct effect is 0.099%. This impact includes the effects of both formal and informal environmental regulation. It indicates that ecological regulations significantly enhance green technology innovation. Furthermore, the spatial spillover effect is significantly positive at the 1% level with a coefficient of 0.124. Such spillover effects represent a learning effect of regional environmental regulation. Based on the results, the study suggests a few policy measures based on the detailed outcomes.
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Hartaman, Nursaleh, Miftahul Rahman, and Muhammad Yusuf. "Local Political Dynamics in the Issue of Expansion of Mining Areas in Bone, Indonesia." E3S Web of Conferences 277 (2021): 01005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127701005.
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Local political dynamics emerged due to the proposed changes in spatial and territorial layout in Bone Regency. If passed, the policy would increase the area of the mining area, meanwhile it is feared that additional mining areas will cause environmental damage. The research method used is qualitative by conducting interviews with several sources and making observations at the research location. The results showed that the mining area in Bone Regency which was originally 12 sub-districts will increase to 27 sub-districts if the spatial planning regulations regional regulation is passed. The government believes that increasing the area of the mining area in bone district will have a positive impact on local revenue, but this dynamic continues because there are still some protests from environmental activists. Not only that, the regional regulation on Regional Spatial Planning in Bone Regency also has to wait for synchronization with the spatial planning regulations at the provincial level.
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Suparto, Suparto. "Pembentukan Peraturan Daerah Tentang Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah (RTRW) Provinsi Riau: Dinamika dan Permasalahannya." Jurnal Selat 6, no. 2 (August 26, 2019): 196–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.31629/selat.v6i2.1273.
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Regional Regulation (Perda) is a regulation made by the Regional Head together with the DPRD that fulfills the elements of welfare and usefulness of a region. One of the Regional Regulations that has a strategic function is the Regional Regulation on Regional Spatial Planning (RTRW) because that is where land allocation is in accordance with the functions of the area regulated. However, the drafting of the RTRW Regional Regulation is not easy to differ from other local regulations because many interests must be considered and accommodated in its compilation including the drafting of the Riau Province RTRW Perda. After going through a very long process, the establishment of regional regulations was finally determined by The Governor of Riau, namely Regional Regulation Number 10 Year 2018 concerning the Riau Province Regional Spatial Plan with the following details: (1). Cultivation Area = 8,067,344 ha. (2). Protected area covering an area of 945,532 ha, with a total area of 9,012,886 ha. Although the Regional Regulation concerning the Riau Province RTRW has been established, there are still problems that must be resolved, namely concerning the emptying of areas that have become oil palm plantations in forest areas. This is not an easy job because it has to cut down oil palm trees with an area of hundreds of thousands of hectares. Based on Law Number 12 Year 2011 there is no difference between the Provincial RTRW Perda and other Perda or having the same position both in terms of position and formation procedures. Whereas in the process of establishing a Provincial Regional Spatial Planning Regulation involving many agencies and ministries, among others, the Ministry of Home Affairs, the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, the Ministry of National Development Planning/BAPPENAS, the Ministry of Agriculture and Spatial Planning and the Geospatial Information Agency.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Spatial regulations"
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Toriro, Percy M. "Food production, processing and retailing through the lens of spatial planning legislation and regulations in Zimbabwe: evidence from Epworth." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Science, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30336.
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The thesis investigates whether the Zimbabwe planning regulatory framework engages with urban food systems and whether those regulations and plans are appropriate to the lived experience in African cities particularly focusing on the poor through the lens of food. This is done by examining how food production, processing and retailing have been enhanced, constrained and regulated by urban planning laws and regulations and the administering professionals in the urban settlement of Epworth near Harare in Zimbabwe. Food is a basic need but has not been given prominence in planning discourses. The use of food as a lens through which to examine the appropriateness of planning practice, laws, and the general regulatory framework provides a useful opportunity to consider the impact of planning on livelihoods of the urban poor in the global South. This thesis also provides an opportunity to link the two distinct but complimentary disciplines of urban planning and urban food and contributes to knowledge on contemporary planning and food systems. Treating the two as separate and disconnected fields has created gaps and inconsistencies that manifest themselves in inappropriate regulations and plans thereby causing insecure and risky food systems. Using mixed research methods, the thesis concludes that the legislative framework engages food in a largely inappropriate way for several reasons. Firstly, the legislative framework was adapted from a Western context which differs significantly with that of the global South. Secondly the framework was enacted for a different time and context many years ago unlike the context prevailing now. Thirdly the inappropriateness of the governance framework has been exacerbated by the modernist values held by most planning professionals. A key finding of the thesis is that most planners do not support informal livelihoods; whilst they practice in a largely informal poverty-stricken environment, they aspire for a modern ‘world-class’ city environment. The planners also do not believe that they have a role in food systems planning. Meanwhile, they are busy making decisions that threaten the same food systems. The planning regulatory framework therefore requires amendment of the inappropriate clauses whilst positive clauses should be utilized.
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Ramblado, Carcenac Carole. "Reponses choroidiennes en microgravite reelle (vol spatial), simulee (suspension anti-orthostatique) et en hypergravite : regulations impliquant le recepteur 5-ht 2 c." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066206.
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Une gravite alteree induit des variations volemiques et une redistribution des fluides corporels. Ainsi, au debut d'un vol spatial, une hypervolemie thoracocephalique s'etablit, puis, apres 1-2 jours, survient une hypovolemie adaptative. Dans ce travail, nous avons analyse l'effet de ces variations sur les plexus choroides (pc) qui produisent le liquide cephalo-rachidien (lcr), en etudiant les consequences d'une suspension anti-orthostatique (ao) a court (<3heures) et a long terme (>9jours), d'une hypergravite ou d'un vol spatial. La production de nucleotides cycliques (ampc et gmpc, messagers regulant la production de lcr) et l'expression du recepteur 5-ht 2 c ont principalement ete etudiees. En accord avec un profil d'hypersecretion, sans ouverture des jonctions intercellulaires, l'activite adenylatecyclase accrue, l'activite guanylate-cyclase (gc) diminuee et l'expression du recepteur 5-ht 2 c legerement diminuee suggerent que la production de lcr augmente lors de l'adaptation ao a court terme. L'activite gc et l'expression du recepteur 5-ht 2 c, significativement augmentees lors d'une adaptation plus longue (14 jours de suspension ao), temoignent en faveur d'une diminution de la production de lcr. En vol spatial (experience nasa), les taux basaux de gmpc sont augmentes, mais l'activite gc anp-dependante ne semble pas affectee. En hypergravite (2g, 3g), les productions d'ampc et de gmpc sont peu modifiees, malgre une reorganisation du pole apical. Des regulations serotoninergiques pourraient aussi etre impliquees dans la reponse a un sejour en microgravite reelle. Ces donnees ont confirme que les pc sont tres sensibles aux variations de gravite. Parallelement, l'expression de l'enzyme de conversion de l'angiotensine (ace) dans les pc a ete analysee lors de conditions de gravite alteree et apres deshydratation. Si l'ace n'est pas modifiee au debut d'une suspension ao, elle est diminuee a plus long terme, lors d'un vol spatial, en hypergravite et en deshydratation.
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Eriksson, Sara. "Landsbygdsutveckling i strandnära lägen : En studie av LIS som planeringsverktyg i Norrbotten." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för geografi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-185813.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate how the planning tool LIS, countryside development in areas close to shores has been applied in Norrbotten County. And what problems the municipalities experience in the planning process. Today's regulations for rural development in coastal locations have been criticized in investigations and by politicians for lacking geographical flexibility and that the planning tool isn’t adapted for sparsely populated areas. The study is a case study where the empirical evidence is mainly based on documents and investigations linked to rural development in coastal locations. The analysis has been carried out using broad thematic concepts. To get a greater understanding of how the planning tool is used in Norrbotten, interviews have been conducted with three municipalities with large rural areas. All those interviewed work with or have experience of the planning tool. The study shows that rural development in coastal locations has several problems with the enforcement and interpretation of the regulations. And that the planning tool itself does not contribute to rural development but that it can be seen as part of a larger context. However, two of the municipalities express that LIS is important to their municipalities to be able to offer attractive beach plots. A new report presented in December 2020, which aims to improve current regulations, has been received with some positive caution. The municipalities believe that the presented improvements are a step in the right direction towards a more geographically flexible regulatory framework. But that there are still major shortcomings in the enforcement of the regulations and that the municipalities need to have a greater influence in decisions regarding establishment in rural areas.
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Peyker, Anna. "Spatial regulation of Ras activity." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=980142636.
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Smith, Elizabeth M. "Spatial and temporal regulation of IL4Rα expression." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3117.
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Includes abstract.In this study, we generated a new mouse model, which allows both inducible and cell-specific deletion and reconstitution of IL-IL4Rα expression. This model has the potential to add a new dimension to our understanding of IL4Rα biology. This has been achieved by using the established Tet System (Goosen and Bujard, 1992) where the crossing of two complementary transgenic mouse lines enable the generation of the final double transgenic model. The first line expresses the transactivator, tTA, from the Tet-Off expression cassette driven by the Vav hemapoeitic specific promoter (Wiesner et al., 2005).
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Margrain, Thomas Hengist. "Recovery of spatial vision following intense light adaptation." Thesis, City University London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264755.
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Bird, Sarah Anne. "Spatial Regulation of MT1-MMP in Epithelial Cells." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.487203.
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Tube structures are fundamental in multicellular organisms and are found in many epithelial organs. Madine-Darby Canine Kidney (MOCK) epithelial cells are used as a model to study tubulogenesis as they form branching tubules in a 3-D type-l collagen gel upon stimulation with Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF). During this process, cells need to degrade the surrounding collagen matrix and they have been shown to primarily utilise the collagenase membrane-type I metalloproteinase (MTI-MMP, MMP-14) to achieve this. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the mechanisms regulating MTl-MMP during this process. We observed that MTlMMP preferentially localised to the apical surface of polarised MOCK cells cultured on type-I collagen. However, upon stimulation with HGF, a significant amount of MTI-MMP was detected on the basal surface. This localisation has a functional impact as cells degrade type-I collagen only upon HGF stimulation in 2-D culture. We hypothesise that MTl-MMP activity is spatially regulated in polarised MOCK cells, enabling enzyme activity to be higher at the growing tip of the tubule than atthe base. We also observed that MOCK cell attachment to collagen is required for MTl-MMP to localise to the basal surface. By analysing domain deletion mutants of MTI-MMP, it became clear that HGF-dependent localisation to the basal surface is catalytic domain/linker-I and hemopexin domain-dependent. Specifically, the MT-Loop C63pYAYlREG170 ), a unique sequence in the catalytic domain of all;ransmembrane-type MT-MMPs, is essential for basal localisation. Further characterisation of the MT-Loop region indicated that it also plays a critical role in the localisation of MTl-MMP in non-epithelial cells. COS-7 cells expressing the MT-Loop deletion mutant showed a significant reduction in collagen and gelatin degradation in 2-0 culture, even though the cell surface expression level and in vitro catalytic activity of this mutant was similar to full-length enzyme. Taken together, my research has revealed a novel mechanism that regulates MTl-MMP and hence tube formation of MOCK cells, which may be applicable to tubulogenesis in vivo.
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Wilfling, Florian. "The spatial organization and regulation of triacylglycerol synthesis." Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-170796.
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Zhang, Yang. "A visualization interface for spatial pathway regulation data." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-237741.
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Data visualization is an essential methodology for bioinformatics studies. Spatial Transcriptomics(ST) is a method that aims at measuring the transcriptome of tissue sections while maintaining its spacial information. Finally, the study of biological pathway focuses on a series of biochemical reactions that take place in organisms. As these studies generate a large number of datasets, this thesis attempts to combine the ST’s data with pathwayinformation and visualize it in an intuitive way to assist user comprehension and insight.In this thesis, Python was used for integrating the dataset and JavaScript libraries wereused for building the visualization. The processing of ST pathway data together with the data visualization interface are the outcomes of this thesis. The data visualization can show the regulation of pathways in the ST data and can be accessed by modern browsers. These outcomes can help users navigate the ST and pathway datasets more effectively.Datavisualisering är en viktig del av bioinformatik. Spatial transkriptomik (ST) är en metod som mäter transkriptom, samtidigt som den behåller spatial information. Biologiskapathways å andrasidan fokuserar på biokemiska reaktioner som sker inom organismer. Dessa studier genererar mycket data, och denna avhandling försöker att kombinera ST-data med pathway information och få en intuitiv visualisering av det integrerade datat.I avhandlingen användes Python för att integrera datat och JavaScript bibliotek för attbygga visualiseringsverktyget. Avhandlingen resulterade i en metod för att integrera STdata och pathway information, samt ett visualiseringsverktyg för ovan nämnda information.Verktyget kan visa pathway regulationer i ST data och kan användas i moderna webbläsare.Forskningen resulterade i ett verktyg som kan hjälpa forskare att förstå ST och pathwaydata.
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Turaga, Rama Mohana Rao. "Spatial Resolution, Costs, and Equity in Air Toxics Regulation." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16236.
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Concern about environmental injustice has been driving the recent effort to characterize risks from exposures to air toxics at very fine spatial resolutions. However, few studies seek to understand the potential policy implications of regulating risks at increasingly finer spatial resolutions and the impact of resulting policies on distribution of risks. To address this gap, the broad question for this research is how could the choice of spatial resolution for regulation of risks from toxic air pollutants affect emission controls and the consequences thereof? This research develops a formal model of a hypothetical decision maker choosing emission controls within a risk-based regulatory framework. The model suggests that optimal controls on air toxics emissions vary depending on the spatial resolution chosen to regulate risks; net social costs are non-decreasing as one regulates at finer and finer spatial resolutions.
An empirical application of the model using air toxic emission data for Escambia and Santa Rosa Counties in Florida demonstrates the sensitivity of optimal emissions to spatial resolution chosen for regulation. The research then investigates the equity implications of regulating at different spatial resolutions with regard to the spatial distribution of cancer risks. The empirical results indicate that regulation at finer spatial resolutions could involve a tradeoff between costs and equitable distribution of risks. For example, at a threshold cancer risk of 100 in a million, regulating at census block level resolution could be twice as costly as regulating at census tract resolution while reducing the maximum individual risk by almost half. Further, regulation at finer spatial resolutions might not address environmental injustice by itself unless such concerns are more explicitly incorporated into emission control decisions. Finally, this research shows that spatial resolution at which air toxics risks are regulated could matter in predictable ways even after taking into account the uncertainties that the decision maker faces.
Books on the topic "Spatial regulations"
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Great Britain. Parliament. House of Lords. Joint Committee on Statutory Instruments. Twenty-fifth report: Town and country planning (London Spatial Development Strategy) regulations 2000. London: Stationery Office, 2000.
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Garrett, Thomas A. A spatial analysis of state banking regulation. [St. Louis, Mo.]: Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2003.
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Verma, Desh Pal S., and Robert B. Goldberg, eds. Temporal and Spatial Regulation of Plant Genes. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6950-6.
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Verma, D. P. S. 1944- and Goldberg Robert B, eds. Temporal and spatial regulation of plant genes. Wien: Springer-Verlag, 1988.
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Leborgne, Daniele. New technologies, new modes of regulation: Some spatial implications. Paris: Centre d'e tudes prospectives d'e conomie mathe matique applique es a la planification, 1987.
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Mark, Gottdiener, and Komninos Nicos, eds. Capitalist development and crisis theory: Accumulation, regulation, and spatial restructuring. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1989.
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Gottdiener, M., and Nicos Komninos, eds. Capitalist Development and Crisis Theory: Accumulation, Regulation and Spatial Restructuring. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19960-0.
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Spatial regulation in New York City: From urban renewal to zero tolerance. New York: Routledge, 2011.
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Krekotnev, Sergey. State policy in relation to cities and regions with mono-specialization: experience and priorities. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1098273.
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The monograph analyzes the policy in relation to cities and regions with monospecialization as one of the priority directions of state policy. The article considers the specifics of single-industry cities and regions as socio-political phenomena and objects of state regulation. The main principles, directions, mechanisms and tools for the implementation of state policy in relation to single-profile spatial formations are studied. Special attention is paid to the political and comparative analysis of foreign and domestic experience in the formation and implementation of this direction of state policy, as well as to identifying the degree of applicability of its main models in modern conditions.
For specialists in the field of political science and related sciences, as well as anyone interested in this issue in its theoretical and applied dimensions.
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Galinovskaya, Elena, Elena Boltanova, Gennadiy Volkov, Galina Vyphanova, I. Ignat'eva, N. Kichigin, E. Kovaleva, et al. Zones with special conditions of use of territories (problems of the establishment and implementation of the legal regime). ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1080400.
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The peculiarities of the modern spatial development necessitated the development of organizational, managerial and legal measures to reduce the risks of neighbourhood objects that have a negative impact on humans and the environment, as well as to strengthen the protection of especially dangerous or sensitive objects.
Introduction to the Land code of the Russian Federation the concept of "zones with special conditions of use of territories" is one of the promising solutions to the above tasks and is aimed at ensuring sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population, industrial safety, safety in operating all types of transport, defence and state security, environmental protection etc.
The Handbook describes the concept and the legal nature of the zones with special conditions of use of territories as a new category, which should become a full part of fur-
the mechanism of the land law regulation. Describes the evolution of national legislation on conservation and protection zones, the analysis of the regulation of similar zones in foreign legislation. Special attention is paid to General issues of the legal regime of these zones, the specifics of their establishment and accounting.
Researched legal requirements for the adherence of all types of zones with special conditions of use.
For practitioners and specialists in the field of state and municipal administration, scientific workers and lecturers of higher and secondary professional educational institutions, students, graduates, and also for a wide range of readers.
Book chapters on the topic "Spatial regulations"
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van Engers, Tom, Erik Hupkes, Radboud Winkels, and Alexander Boer. "An Ontology for Spatial Regulations." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 86–104. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85569-9_6.
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Bárcena-Ruiz, Juan Carlos, and F. Javier Casado-Izaga. "Zoning Regulations and Firms’ Corporate Social Responsibility." In Spatial Economics Volume I, 197–220. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40098-9_8.
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Fujita, Masahisa, and Suminori Tokunaga. "Landownership and Welfare Impacts of Zoning Regulations." In Potentials and Bottlenecks in Spatial Development, 3–22. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-87901-2_1.
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Seitzer, Helen. "The Diffusion of Workplace Antidiscrimination Regulations for the LGBTQ+ Community." In Networks and Geographies of Global Social Policy Diffusion, 227–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83403-6_9.
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AbstractInclusion and protection of the LGBTQ+ community is a newly rising topic in the debate regarding the generosity of social policies worldwide. The adoption of regulations giving LGBTQ+ community the same rights and protections in regard to work- and social life is tied to local and global culture. The contribution of this chapter is to test, if culture, economic ties, spatial proximity, or colonial rule have any influence on the diffusion of antidiscrimination regulations in the workplace for the LGBTQ+ community. The results show, that local conditions have a greater impact on the implementation of these laws than transnational networks.
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Dobson, Jerome E., and Willam A. Herbert. "Geoprivacy, Convenience, and the Pursuit of Anonymity in Digital Cities." In Urban Informatics, 567–87. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8983-6_32.
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AbstractCities demand spatial efficiencies that can be achieved only through sharing of information. Current technologies support collection, processing, and dissemination of unprecedented quantities of personal, public, and corporate information. Inherent in this milieu is an inevitable contest among societal efficiency, corporate profits, consumer convenience, personal privacy, and even freedom. The authors examine current trends in technology, data collection, legislation, and public acceptance. They find that without broad specific regulations limiting location data collection and use—including a universal protected right for individuals to pursue anonymity—governments, commercial enterprises, employers, and individuals increasingly will exploit tracking technologies at the expense of geoprivacy.
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Zhang, Wenjia, Kara M. Kockelman, and Jean-Claude Thill. "City Land Use and Rent Dynamics with Location Externalities and Zoning Regulations: A Dynamic Spatial General Equilibrium Model." In Innovations in Urban and Regional Systems, 185–212. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43694-0_9.
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Palermo, Pier Carlo, and Davide Ponzini. "Urban Regulation: Critical Issues." In Spatial Planning and Urban Development, 175–80. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8870-3_21.
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Brown, Tony. "The Regulation of Spatial Perception." In Mathematics Education and Subjectivity, 9–51. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1739-8_2.
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Venette, Robert C., Doria R. Gordon, Jennifer Juzwik, Frank H. Koch, Andrew M. Liebhold, Robert K. D. Peterson, Sharlene E. Sing, and Denys Yemshanov. "Early Intervention Strategies for Invasive Species Management: Connections Between Risk Assessment, Prevention Efforts, Eradication, and Other Rapid Responses." In Invasive Species in Forests and Rangelands of the United States, 111–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45367-1_6.
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AbstractManaging invasive species becomes increasingly difficult and expensive as populations of new pathogens, plants, insects, and other animals (i.e., pests) spread and reach high densities. Research over the past decade confirms the value of early intervention strategies intended to (1) prevent invasive species from arriving within an endangered area or (2) detect and respond quickly to new species incursions (Baker et al. 2009; Ewel et al. 1999; Holden et al. 2016; Leung et al. 2014). The goal of such biosecurity approaches is to keep or return the density of invasive species to zero so that damages from those pests might be prevented or to confine populations to localized areas so that damage from those species might be limited (Magarey et al. 2009). Prediction, prevention, early detection, eradication, and other rapid responses, all components of proactive management, are less costly and more effective than reactive tactics (Epanchin-Niell and Liebhold 2015; Leung et al. 2002; Lodge et al. 2006; Rout et al. 2014) (Fig. 6.1). Prediction is achieved through risk assessment (a process to forecast the likelihood and consequence of an invasion) and pathway analysis (a process to evaluate the means by which invasive species might be brought into an area of concern). Prevention is achieved through a variety of measures including regulations and quarantine treatments. Indeed, pathway analyses and subsequent regulation of those pathways are considered “the frontline in the prevention of biological invasions” (Hulme 2009) and cost-effective approaches (Essl et al. 2015; Keller et al. 2007; Leung et al. 2002; Tidbury et al. 2016). Surveillance is fundamental to early detection, and if a target species is detected, the primary rapid responses are eradication, containment, or suppression (reviewed in Beric and MacIsaac 2015). Early intervention strategies often operate at spatial scales that are much greater than the scale at which most land managers operate. Success thus requires effective coordination among researchers, regulators, and managers at international, national, sub-national, and local levels.
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Bruaset, Are Magnus, Glenn Terje Lines, and Joakim Sundnes. "Chapter 7 Data aggregation and anonymization for mathematical modeling and epidemiological studies." In Simula SpringerBriefs on Computing, 121–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05466-2_7.
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AbstractAn important secondary purpose of the Smittestopp development was to provide aggregated data sets describing mobility and social interactions in Norway’s population. The data were to be used to monitor the effect of government regulations and recommendations, provide input to advanced computational models to predict the pandemic’s spread, and provide input to fundamental epidemiology research. In this chapter we describe the challenges and technical solutions of Smittestopp’s data aggregation, as well as preliminary results from the time period when the app was active.We first give a detailed overview of the requirements, specifying the types of data to be collected and the level of spatial and temporal aggregation. We then proceed to describe the concepts for anonymization via :-anonymity and Y-differential privacy (Y-DP ), and the technical solutions for collecting and aggregating data from the database. In particular, we present details of how GPS- and Bluetooth events were mapped to geographical regions and points of interest, and the solutions employed for efficient data retrieval and processing. The preliminary results demonstrate how the recorded GPS- and Bluetooth events match with expected temporal and spatial variations in mobility and social interactions, and indicate the usefulness of the aggregated data as a tool for pandemic monitoring and research. One of the main criticisms of Smittestopp concerns the centralized storage of individuals’ movements, even if such data were used and presented only at an aggregated and anonymized level. In this chapter, we also outline a completely different approach, where the GPS data do not leave the user’s phone but are, instead, pre-processed to a much higher level of privacy before being dispatched to a server-side data aggregation algorithm. This approach, which would make the app significantly less intrusive, is made possible by recent advances in determining close contacts from Bluetooth data, either by a revised Smittestopp algorithm or by means of the Google/Apple Exposure Notification framework.
Conference papers on the topic "Spatial regulations"
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Held, Mateja, and Kristina Perkov. "SPATIAL PLANNING IN THE EU AND CROATIA UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC." In The recovery of the EU and strengthening the ability to respond to new challenges – legal and economic aspects. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/22445.
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Spatial planning is an interdisciplinary process dealing with practices of regulating and transforming the space, including experts from various fields such as lawyers, spatial and urban planners, geographers, civil engineers, economists, sociologists, etc. Spatial plans are general acts that arise due to the complex spatial planning process in which public participation is a necessary tool for transparent and legal procedure. They impact human rights due to their influence on a healthy environment, organization of life, quality of public services, green areas in the cities, etc. Spatial plans also deal with the economic aspect of investments, urban planning, and development of a particular territory. Cities are rapidly evolving and are characterized by density and overcrowded population, so the EU has a special interest in the adequate organization of the space. Consequences of the COVID- 19 pandemic have produced a need for a different land use regulation from the established one. New challenges for the Member State’s governments include regulation for the organization of life and everyday needs in 15 minutes’ walk areas (work, market, health care, school, kindergartens, public services, parks, etc.). Although the European Union does not have direct competence in spatial planning of each Member State, it has a strong influence on the Member States through regulations (for example, European Spatial Development Perspective, The New Leipzig Charter, etc. which provide a strong framework for good and sustainable urban governance) and practice, as well as through the financial support to the Member States. This paper has two main goals. The first aim of this paper is to analyse how the EU tries to overcome the consequences of the pandemic in the physical planning system (recommendations, guidelines, financial support, consulting, or others). We also aim to discover how the pandemic affected the process of adopting the spatial plans in the Member States on the example of Croatia in one case study. The paper is divided into several parts. After the introduction, the first part of the paper brings an overview of the spatial planning process in the EU and Croatia based on the analyses of the relevant EU and domestic regulations. Next part of the paper deals with the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the spatial planning at the EU level, and on the development and adoption of spatial plans in Croatia. This includes the duration of the process, restrictions, and new ways of public participation in the process of the development and adoption of spatial plans (for example online public presentations), the influence on economic development (investments in a building), social distancing, etc. Last part of the paper will contain a research of development and adoption of spatial plans under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper concludes with particular suggestions for improving the Croatian situation based on the good practices of the EU.
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Korbel, Wojciech. "Real investment in the virtual spatial planning process: quality of urban space in contemporary legal regulations in Poland." In Virtual City and Territory. Barcelona: Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.8100.
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City spatial planning is a complicated process with several targets such as the quality of space and proper urban development. Important aspect of this process is the scope of planning tasks required to be done. Another one is the transposition of prepared, virtual plans into the process of real building investments’ creation. The article approaches the problem of chosen existing and newly proposed, legal instruments of spatial planning in Poland, formulating the general thesis, that current polish legislation does not focus on its actual outcome - the quality of investments and its surroundings. Seeking potentially most convenient, legislative solutions, two alternative ways of possible changes have been analyzed.
The first way, “the descriptive way”, is a way to provide in local spatial development plans, much more detail inscriptions (than it is now) concerning obligatory features of potential investments. The first way also leads to a greater level of different restrictions inscribed in city’s planning documents and gives less opportunities for architects.
The second way, “the evaluating way”, is a way which assumes much smaller degree of planning restrictions in local plans and greater opportunities for architects, but it also allows proper public authorities (other than conservator’s office) to evaluate and possibly reject particular design, not only on the objective, legal grounds but also on the subjective grounds of spatial harmony and visual appearance of the project.
The analysis of these two seek the most proper solutions for possible changes in Polish legislation system, considering them either as the alternative ways or as the combination of both at the same time. The research also leads to the underestimated role of urban - architectural competitions. The implementation of this instrument into Polish planning system, (as a legal instrument) can potentially have the highest impact on the quality of designed space and be widely approved by the society.
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Ding, Wowo, Ruoyao Li, and Lian Tang. "Evaluation of Generating Mechanism of Residential Building Patterns in Contemporary Cities – Case Study on Xi’an and Nanjing." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5920.
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Ruoyao Li, Lian Tang, Wowo DingNanjing University School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 200093, ChinaE-mail: lilyhehua@163.com, tanglian@nju.edu.cn, dww@nju.edu.cnTelephone number:+86 13675149161,+86 13770849401,+86 25 83593020 Keywords: residential building pattern, generating mechanism, living behavior, floor area ratio, sunshine regulations Residential area occupies a large portion of urban land, so it is very important to understand the characteristics of the residential building patterns and how such patterns, normally parallel multi-story and high-rise slab apartments in various cities of China, are formed. The residential building patterns are according to the living behavior, climate consideration, environmental requirement and market demands. Our previous studies have shown that sunshine regulation is by far the most important factor in the generation of the residential building pattern since 1980. This paper attempts to make a comprehensive evaluation to see the generating mechanism of the residential morphological patterns. Ten residential plots from two cities located in different climate zones of Xi’an and Nanjing are evaluated. Five factors, namely, the type of the apartment, plot FAR, land coverage, sunshine regulations and spatial characteristics of plot pattern, will be used as comprehensive evaluation indicators in the comparison. The study reveals how these factors interplay in the generation of the observed plot patterns and which factor is most important in this process. If the sunshine regulations were the key factor, how different the plot patterns in different climate zones and latitudes would have varied. Through evaluating generating mechanism we could find out the key generating factors, which is useful as the references for design. References Standard for Assessment Parameters of Sunlight on Building (GB/T 50947-2014) Code for Design of Residential Buildings (GB 50096-2011) Quan Liu, Wowo Ding(2014) Morphological Study on the Unit of Urban Fabric of Contemporary Residential Plots in Yangtze River Delta, China Lina Zhang, Wowo Ding(2014) Density, Height Limitation, and Plot Pattern: Quantitative Description of the Residential Plots, Nanjing, China Jintang Chen, Sheng Yao, Yinsheng Tian (2014) Experiences from Researches about Residential Areas Employing Conzenian Approach
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Peters, Rob, Koen Smit, and Johan Versendaal. "Responsible AI and Power: Investigating the System Level Bureaucrat in the Legal Planning Process." In Digital Support from Crisis to Progressive Change. University of Maribor Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-485-9.43.
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Numerous statements and pamphlets indicate that governments should increase the transparency of ICTimplementations and algorithms in eGovernment services and should encourage democratic control. This paper presents research among civil servants, suppliers and experts who play a role in the automation of spatial policymaking and planning (e.g. environment, building, sound and CO2 regulation, mobility). The case is a major digitalisation programme of that spatial planning in the Netherlands. In this digital transition, the research assumption is that public and political values such as transparency, legitimacy and (perceived) fairness are difficult to validate in the practice of the design process; policy makers tend to lose sight of the algorithms and decision trees designed during the ICT -implementation of eGovernment services. This situation would implicate a power shift towards the system level bureaucrat. i.e., the digitized execution of laws and regulations, thereby threatening democratic control. This also sets the stage for anxiety towards ICT projects and digital bureaucracies. We have investigated perceptions about ‘validation dark spots’ in the design process of the national planning platform that create unintended shifts in decision power in the context of the legal planning process. To identify these validation dark spots, 22 stakeholders were interviewed. The results partially confirm the assumption. Based on the collected data, nine validation dark spots are identified that require more attention and research.
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Stan, Mari-Isabella, Kamer-Ainur Aivaz, Dragoş-Florian Vintilă, and Ionela Ionițiu. "Synergistic Perceptions on the Regulations Oriented Towards the Development of Romanian Coastal Tourism in the Context of Maritime Spatial Planning." In 7th BASIQ International Conference on New Trends in Sustainable Business and Consumption. Editura ASE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/basiq/2021/07/017.
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Crăciun, Cerasella, and Atena Ioana Gârjoabă. "Integration of Instruments for the Protection of Natural Protected Areas in Urban and Biodiversity Strategies and in Urban Planning Regulations." In World Lumen Congress 2021, May 26-30, 2021, Iasi, Romania. LUMEN Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/wlc2021/15.
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Approximately 75% of the urban settlements in Romania are superimposed or are tangent to at least one natural protected area, these not being integrated from the point of view of their regulation in the urban strategies and in the urban planning regulations. From a spatial point of view, this type of relationship often represents a contrast between the urban fabric and the quasi-natural fabric. However, in the regulatory or strategy instruments for the development of urban settlements, where such contrasts exist, they are only integrated at the border level. The ecotone is, in most cases, the only element mentioned in urban planning instruments and is approached as a land that can only function in isolation and that in no way can support urban development. This reluctance and fear of approaching natural protected areas, also negatively influences the conception of the community, investors and the administration. Urban actors are not informed and therefore not motivated, but neither do they have the opportunity to get involved in the conservation and protection process. The purpose of this article is to research urban and biodiversity strategies at E.U level, to identify gaps in the formulation of urban planning tools, what are the reasons behind generating these gaps and how they can be eliminated, or at least mitigated. The analysis will focus on some models of urban strategies which address natural protected areas, but will also consider related elements, directly related to their conservation, urban ecology and the involvement in the process of urban actors.
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Holthus, Paul F. "Creating Multi-Sectoral Ocean Industry Leadership in Marine Spatial Management." In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-79044.
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Marine spatial management is emerging as a key tool for managing and conserving marine ecosystems. The development and implementation of ocean zoning, especially Marine Protected Area (MPA) networks, is expanding rapidly around the world. At a global scale, ocean zoning and MPAs are being pursued in many processes through a variety of governmental, inter-governmental (e.g. UN agencies, regional bodies), with significant input from non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Ocean industries, e.g. oil and gas, shipping, fisheries, aquaculture, etc. are the principle user group affected by ocean zoning. Important new ocean uses are under development as well, e.g. offshore wind, ocean energy, carbon sequestration. The creation of ocean zones, such as MPA networks, will have major effects on industry access to marine space and resources, with significant implications for exploration, development, production and transport. It is essential that the industry constructively engage with marine spatial management efforts and stakeholders to ensure that the process is well informed and balanced. This will increase the potential for industry to respect the management regulations of ocean areas often far removed from the reach of governments. Unfortunately, industry is often not present at key ocean zoning developments, especially at the international level, and is not engaged in a constructive, coordinated manner that brings together the range of industries operating in the marine environment. Barriers to industry involvement in marine spatial management include: 1) Lack of understanding of the movement and momentum behind ocean zoning efforts; 2) Limited engagement in the multi-stakeholder processes where zoning is moving most rapidly, e.g. Convention on Biological Diversity, because industry is engaged in sectoral processes; 3) Lack of means for engaging the broader ocean business community on marine management and sustainability issues, particularly at a global level. This paper will outline the need, opportunity and progress in creating proactive, constructive industry leadership and collaboration on ocean zoning, including: 1) Developing an understanding of marine spatial management issues, stakeholders and process; 2) Actively engaging in key international multi-stakeholder processes that are pursuing MPAs and other zoning efforts; 3) Building constructive relationships among ocean industries and other ocean zoning stakeholders; 4) Creating practical experience by constructively engaging in ocean zoning developments in a specific regions.
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Shamsuzzaman, Muhammad. "Challenges of spatial planning in coastal regions of Bangladesh. A case for Chalna." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/mkmg5699.
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The delta land Bangladesh has a unique coastline where numerous rivers meet the Bay of Bengal, creates a complex net of tidal river estuaries, forming the base for world’s largest mangrove forest the Sundarbans. Chalna is small town located at the confluence of Rupsha and Chunkuri rivers, only 9 km north of the Sundarbans, and a well know river port. The Sundarbans, which acts as a buffer between the sea and the human habitats including arable lands. The forest is rich in unique biodiversity and natural resources providing livelihoods of a large number of people living in the towns and villages around it. As the region is near the sea and land morphology is plain and of low altitude it is always vulnerable to natural disasters. Due to global warming and sea level rising the land mass is vulnerable to flooding. The sign of climate change; erratic behavior of rainfall and draught, intrusion of salinity etc., are changing the usual pattern of agriculture and fishing, affecting the livelihoods of the people here. The eco system of this mangrove forest is also threatened by recent policies of the Government and initiatives of private sectors of establishing high risk industrial establishments like thermal power plant, liquid petroleum gas stations etc., around Chalna and its surrounding region in sprawling manner. The potential of running large number of vessels through the rivers and canals of the Sundarbans might have negative impacts of the flora and fauna living there. Popular protests against these harmful interventions are being observed, international public organizations and concerned learned societies are also recommending not let these damaging developments going on. Although there are some promises from the government to the international agencies, there is no sign of management of such developments. This paper systematically investigates the reasons of this phenomenon, identifies the challenges and concludes that; absence of regional spatial planning in Bangladesh, neglecting the values of environment and public goods, defying the regulations in various ways and not accounting public opinions in the decision making process are the core ones.
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Yikun, Zhou, Ding Nan, and Chen Chengzhen. "The Evaluation System Study on Layout Design of EMIT Activities in Nuclear Power Plant." In 2022 29th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone29-93429.
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Abstract The independently developed Generation 3 nuclear power technique of China, HPR1000, lacked an integrated and systematic design process facilitating Examination, Maintenance, Inspection and Testing (EMIT). Therefore, a set of corresponding design evaluation standards requires to be proposed. This paper discusses several evaluation dimensions with regard to spatial layout design for Examination, Maintenance, Inspection and Testing process, e.g., spatial accessibility for both personnel and equipment, operability for working personnel, spatial adequacy for all EMIT activities, convenience for staff to operate, monitor, surveillance, etc. These dimensions aim at proposing a relatively integrated and mature layout design evaluation system for Examination, Maintenance, Inspection and Testing. Quantitative standards are provided as reasonably practicable, according to regulations or codes of China, Europe or the United Kingdom. This paper does not discuss other EMIT aspects which are not related to layout design, e.g., isolability, radiation protection of specific working place during EMIT windows, equipment qualification, etc. Moreover, this paper also takes one of the typical components, Low Head Safety Injection pumps, of one PWR plant in China as a sample to introduce the application of this evaluation system. Within the introduction sample, the implication of each evaluation dimension proposed by this paper is interpreted during a specific and typical design scenario.
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Sappok, Alexander, and Leslie Bromberg. "Development of Radio Frequency Sensing for In-Situ Diesel Particulate Filter State Monitoring and Aftertreatment System Control." In ASME 2013 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2013-19199.
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Diesel particulate filters (DPF) have seen widespread application in the United States and Europe to meet stringent diesel particulate matter (PM) emissions regulations. Now commonplace on most on-road diesel vehicles, DPFs are being increasingly applied to diesel-powered off-road equipment as additional regulations are phased in. Further, recent awareness of particulate matter emissions from gasoline direct injection engines has motivated additional study into potential applications of gasoline particulate filters (GPF). Key to the efficient operation of the combined engine and emissions aftertreatment system, is the accurate determination of the filter loading state, to enable precise control of filter regeneration and on-board diagnostics. Currently pressure- and model-based controls are utilized, in parallel, to provide an indirect estimate of filter loading. This work presents results of an investigation applying radio frequencies (RF) to monitor the accumulation of particulate matter in the DPF, providing a direct, in-situ determination of filter loading state. Simulation results, supported by experimental measurements, are provided to demonstrate the utility of the technique to monitor not only the filter loading state but also to provide a measure of the spatial distribution of the accumulated material. The results of this work indicate significant potential to apply RF-based sensing for improved monitoring and control of the particulate filter in a range of applications.
Reports on the topic "Spatial regulations"
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Wheelock, David C., Gary A. Wagner, and Thomas A. Garrett. A Spatial Analysis of State Banking Regulation. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.20955/wp.2003.044.
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Chen, Zhao, Matthew Kahn, Yu Liu, and Zhi Wang. The Consequences of Spatially Differentiated Water Pollution Regulation in China. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w22507.
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Wiley, H. S. Spatial Distribution of the EGF Receptor in Regulation of Breast Epithelial Cell Growth and Organization. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada306441.
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Liao, Jianhua, Jingting Liu, Baoqing Liu, Chunyan Meng, and Peiwen Yuan. Effect of OIP5-AS1 on clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of cancer patients: a meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.10.0118.
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Review question / Objective: According to recent studies, long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs) i.e., OPA-interacting protein 5 antisense RNA 1 (OIP5-AS1) has an important role in various carcinomas. However, its role in the cancer is contradictory. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the link between OIP5-AS1 and cancer patients' clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis to better understand OIP5-AS1's role in cancer. Condition being studied: Reported studies have revealed that long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs) are considerably involved in crucial physiological events in several carcinomas, it can inhibit or promote the occurrence and development of tumors by changing the sequence and spatial structure, modulating epigenetic, regulating the expression level and interacting with binding proteins. However, the mechanism of cancer regulation via lncRNAs was incompletely understood. Hence, clarifying the application value of lncRNAs in preclinical and clinical disease diagnosis and treatment was therefore the prime objective in the field of cancer research at the time.
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Boudreau, Aaron. Signaling Crosstalk: A Live in Situ Analysis of the Temporal and Spatial Regulation of Key Pathways in Human Breast Cancer Progression. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada472111.
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Ohad, Nir, and Robert Fischer. Regulation of Fertilization-Independent Endosperm Development by Polycomb Proteins. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7695869.bard.
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Arabidopsis mutants that we have isolated, encode for fertilization-independent endosperm (fie), fertilization-independent seed2 (fis2) and medea (mea) genes, act in the female gametophyte and allow endosperm to develop without fertilization when mutated. We cloned the FIE and MEA genes and showed that they encode WD and SET domain polycomb (Pc G) proteins, respectively. Homologous proteins of FIE and MEA in other organisms are known to regulate gene transcription by modulating chromatin structure. Based on our results, we proposed a model whereby both FIE and MEA interact to suppress transcription of regulatory genes. These genes are transcribed only at proper developmental stages, as in the central cell of the female gametophyte after fertilization, thus activating endosperm development. To test our model, the following questions were addressed: What is the Composition and Function of the Polycomb Complex? Molecular, biochemical, genetic and genomic approaches were offered to identify members of the complex, analyze their interactions, and understand their function. What is the Temporal and Spatial Pattern of Polycomb Proteins Accumulation? The use of transgenic plants expressing tagged FIE and MEA polypeptides as well as specific antibodies were proposed to localize the endogenous polycomb complex. How is Polycomb Protein Activity Controlled? To understand the molecular mechanism controlling the accumulation of FIE protein, transgenic plants as well as molecular approaches were proposed to determine whether FIE is regulated at the translational or posttranslational levels. The objectives of our research program have been accomplished and the results obtained exceeded our expectation. Our results reveal that fie and mea mutations cause parent-of-origin effects on seed development by distinct mechanisms (Publication 1). Moreover our data show that FIE has additional functions besides controlling the development of the female gametophyte. Using transgenic lines in which FIE was not expressed or the protein level was reduced during different developmental stages enabled us for the first time to explore FIE function during sporophyte development (Publication 2 and 3). Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that FIE, a single copy gene in the Arabidopsis genome, represses multiple developmental pathways (i.e., endosperm, embryogenesis, shot formation and flowering). Furthermore, we identified FIE target genes, including key transcription factors known to promote flowering (AG and LFY) as well as shoot and leaf formation (KNAT1) (Publication 2 and 3), thus demonstrating that in plants, as in mammals and insects, PcG proteins control expression of homeobox genes. Using the Yeast two hybrid system and pull-down assays we demonstrated that FIE protein interact with MEA via the N-terminal region (Publication 1). Moreover, CURLY LEAF protein, an additional member of the SET domain family interacts with FIE as well. The overlapping expression patterns of FIE, with ether MEA or CLF and their common mutant phenotypes, demonstrate the versatility of FIE function. FIE association with different SET domain polycomb proteins, results in differential regulation of gene expression throughout the plant life cycle (Publication 3). In vitro interaction assays we have recently performed demonstrated that FIE interacts with the cell cycle regulatory component Retinobalsoma protein (pRb) (Publication 4). These results illuminate the potential mechanism by which FIE may restrain embryo sac central cell division, at least partly, through interaction with, and suppression of pRb-regulated genes. The results of this program generated new information about the initiation of reproductive development and expanded our understanding of how PcG proteins regulate developmental programs along the plant life cycle. The tools and information obtained in this program will lead to novel strategies which will allow to mange crop plants and to increase crop production.
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Eshed, Yuval, and John Bowman. Harnessing Fine Scale Tuning of Endogenous Plant Regulatory Processes for Manipulation of Organ Growth. United States Department of Agriculture, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7696519.bard.
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Background and objectives: Manipulation of plant organ growth is one of the primary reasons for the success of mankind allowing increasing amounts of food for human and livestock consumption. In contrast with the successful selection for desirable growth characteristics using plant breeding, transgenic manipulations with single genes has met limited success. While breeding is based on accumulation of many small alterations of growth, usually arise from slight changes in expression patterns, transgenic manipulations are primarily based on drastic, non-specific up-regulation or knock down of genes that can exert different effects during different stages of development. To successfully harness transgenic manipulation to attain desirable plant growth traits we require the tools to subtly regulate the temporal and spatial activity of plant growth genes. Polar morphology along the adaxial/abaxial axis characterizes lateral organs of all plants. Juxtaposition of two cell types along this axis is a prerequisite of laminar growth induction. In the study summarized here, we addressed the following questions: Can we identify and harness components of the organ polarity establishment pathway for prolonged growth? Can we identify specific regulatory sequences allowing spatial and temporal manipulation in various stages of organ development? Can we identify genes associated with YABBY-induced growth alterations? Major conclusions and implications: We showed that regulated expression, both spatially and temporally of either organ polarity factors such as the YABBY genes, or the organ maturation program such as the CIN-TCPs can stimulate substantial growth of leaves and floral organs. Promoters for such fine manipulation could be identified by comparison of non-coding sequences of KAN1, where a highly conserved domain was found within the second intron, or by examination of multiple 5” regions of genes showing transient expression along leaf ontogeny. These promoters illustrate the context dependent action of any gene we examined thus far, and facilitate fine tuning of the complex growth process. Implications, both scientific and agricultural. The present study was carried out on the model organism Arabidopsis, and the broad application of its findings were tested in the tomato crop. We learned that all central regulators of organ polarity are functionally conserved, probably in all flowering plants. Thus, with minor modifications, the rules and mechanisms outlined in this work are likely to be general.
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Fait, Aaron, Grant Cramer, and Avichai Perl. Towards improved grape nutrition and defense: The regulation of stilbene metabolism under drought. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7594398.bard.
Full textAbstract:
The goals of the present research proposal were to elucidate the physiological and molecular basis of the regulation of stilbene metabolism in grape, against the background of (i) grape metabolic network behavior in response to drought and of (ii) varietal diversity. The specific objectives included the study of the physiology of the response of different grape cultivars to continuous WD; the characterization of the differences and commonalities of gene network topology associated with WD in berry skin across varieties; the study of the metabolic response of developing berries to continuous WD with specific attention to the stilbene compounds; the integration analysis of the omics data generated; the study of isolated drought-associated stress factors on the regulation of stilbene biosynthesis in plantaand in vitro. Background to the topic Grape quality has a complex relationship with water input. Regulated water deficit (WD) is known to improve wine grapes by reducing the vine growth (without affecting fruit yield) and boosting sugar content (Keller et al. 2008). On the other hand, irregular rainfall during the summer can lead to drought-associated damage of fruit developmental process and alter fruit metabolism (Downey et al., 2006; Tarara et al., 2008; Chalmers et al., 792). In areas undergoing desertification, WD is associated with high temperatures. This WD/high temperature synergism can limit the areas of grape cultivation and can damage yields and fruit quality. Grapes and wine are the major source of stilbenes in human nutrition, and multiple stilbene-derived compounds, including isomers, polymers and glycosylated forms, have also been characterized in grapes (Jeandet et al., 2002; Halls and Yu, 2008). Heterologous expression of stilbenesynthase (STS) in a variety of plants has led to an enhanced resistance to pathogens, but in others the association has not been proven (Kobayashi et al., 2000; Soleas et al., 1995). Tomato transgenic plants harboring a grape STS had increased levels of resveratrol, ascorbate, and glutathione at the expense of the anthocyanin pathways (Giovinazzo et al. 2005), further emphasizing the intermingled relation among secondary metabolic pathways. Stilbenes are are induced in green and fleshy parts of the berries by biotic and abiotic elicitors (Chong et al., 2009). As is the case for other classes of secondary metabolites, the biosynthesis of stilbenes is not very well understood, but it is known to be under tight spatial and temporal control, which limits the availability of these compounds from plant sources. Only very few studies have attempted to analyze the effects of different environmental components on stilbene accumulation (Jeandet et al., 1995; Martinez-Ortega et al., 2000). Targeted analyses have generally shown higher levels of resveratrol in the grape skin (induced), in seeded varieties, in varieties of wine grapes, and in dark-skinned varieties (Gatto et al., 2008; summarized by Bavaresco et al., 2009). Yet, the effect of the grape variety and the rootstock on stilbene metabolism has not yet been thoroughly investigated (Bavaresco et al., 2009). The study identified a link between vine hydraulic behavior and physiology of stress with the leaf metabolism, which the PIs believe can eventually lead to the modifications identified in the developing berries that interested the polyphenol metabolism and its regulation during development and under stress. Implications are discussed below.
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O'Neill, Sharman, Abraham Halevy, and Amihud Borochov. Molecular Genetic Analysis of Pollination-Induced Senescence in Phalaenopsis Orchids. United States Department of Agriculture, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1991.7612837.bard.
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The project investigated the molecular genetic and biochemical basis of pollination-induced senescence of Phalaenopsis flowers. This experimental system offered unique advantages in that senescence is strictly regulated by pollination, providing the basis to experimentally initiate and synchronize senescence in populations of flowers. The postpollination syndrome in the Phalaenopsis orchid system was dissected by investigating the temporal and spatial regulation of ACC synthase gene expression. In the stigma, pollen-borne auxin induces the expression of the auxin-regulated ACC synthase (PS-ACS2) gene, resulting in ACC synthesis within 1 h following pollination. Newly formed ACC is oxidized by basal constitutive ACC oxidase to ethylene, which then induces the expression of the ethylene-regulated ACC synthase(PS-ACS1) and oxidase (ACO1) genes for further autocatalytic production of ethylene. It is speculated that during the 6-h period following pollination, emasculation leads to the production or release of a sensitivity factor that sensitizes the cells of the stigma to ethylene. ACC and ethylene molecules are translocated from the stigma to the labellum and perianth where ethylene induces the expression of PS-ACS1 and ACO1 resulting in an increased production of ACC and ethylene. Organ-localized ethylene is responsible for inrolling and senescence of the labellum and perianth. The regulation of ethylene sensitivity and signal transduction events in pollinated flowers was also investigated. The increase in ethylene sensitivity appeared in both the flower column and the perianth, and was detected as early as 4 h after pollination. The increase in ethylene sensitivity following pollination was not dependent on endogenous ethylene production. Application of linoleic and linoleic acids to Phalaenopsis and Dendrobium flowers enhanced their senescence and promoted ethylene production. Several major lipoxygenase pathway products including JA-ME, traumatic acid, trans-2-hexenal and cis-3-hexenol, also enhanced flower senescence. However, lipoxygenase appears to not be directly involved in the endogenous regulation of pollination-induced Phalaenopsis and Dendrobium flower senescence. The data suggest that short-chain saturated fatty acids may be the ethylene "sensitivity factors" produced following pollination, and that their mode of action involves a decrease in the order of specific regions i the membrane lipid bilayer, consequently altering ethylene action. Examination of potential signal transduction intermediates indicate a direct involvement of GTP-binding proteins, calcium ions and protein phosphorylation in the cellular signal transduction response to ethylene following pollination. Modulations of cytosolic calcium levels allowed us to modify the flowers responsiveness to ethylene.
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Applebaum, Shalom W., Lawrence I. Gilbert, and Daniel Segal. Biochemical and Molecular Analysis of Juvenile Hormone Synthesis and its Regulation in the Mediterranean Fruit Fly (Ceratitis capitata). United States Department of Agriculture, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7570564.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Original Objectives and revisions: (1) "To determine the biosynthetic pathway of JHB3 in the adult C. capitata CA in order to establish parameters for the future choice and synthesis of suitable inhibitors". Modified: to determine the pattern of FR-7 biosynthesis during normal reproductive maturation, and identify enzymes potentially involved in its synthesis. (2) "To correlate allatal epoxidase activity to the biosynthesis of JHB3 at different stages of reproductive maturation/vitellogenesis and evaluate the hypothesis that a specific JH-epoxidase may be rate limiting". Modified: to study the effects of epoxidase inhibitors on the pattern of allatal JH biosynthesis in vitro and on female reproduction in vive. (3) "To probe and clone the gene homologous to ap from C. capitata, determine its exon-intron organization, sequence it and demonstrate its spatial and temporal expression in larvae, pupae and adults." The "Medfly" (Ceratitis capitata) is a serious polyphagous fruit pest, widely distributed in subtropical regions. Damage is caused by oviposition and subsequent development of larvae. JH's are dominant gonadotropic factors in insects. In the higher Diptera, to which the Medfly belongs, JHB3 is a major homolog. It comprises 95% of the total JH produced in vitro in D. melanogaster, with JH-III found as a minor component. The biosynthesis of both JH-III and JHB3 is dependent on epoxidation of double bonds in the JH molecule. The specificity of such epoxidases is unknown. The male accessory gland D. melanogaster produces a Sex Peptide, transferred to the female during copulation. SP reduces female receptivity while activating specific JH biosynthesis in vitro and inducing oviposition in vive. It also reduces pheromone production and activates CA of the moth Helicoverpa armigera. In a previous study, mutants of the apterous (ap) gene of D. melanogaster were analyzed. This gene induces previteilogenic arrest which can be rescued by external application of JH. Considerable progress has been made in recombinant DNA technology of the Medfly. When fully operative, it might be possible to effectively transfer D. melanogaster endocrine gene-lesions into the Medfly as a strategy for their genetic control. A marked heterogeneity in the pattern of JH homologs produced by Medfly CA was observed. Contrary to the anticipated biosynthesis of JHB;, significant amounts of an unknown JH-like compound, of unknown structure and provisionally termed FR-7, were produced, in addition to significant amounts of JH-III and JHB3. Inhibitors of monooxygenases, devised for their effects on ecdysteroid biosynthesis, affect Medfly JH biosynthesis but do not reduce egg deposition. FR-7 was isolated from incubation media of Medfly CA and examined by various MS procedures, but its structure is not yet resolved. MS analysis is being done in collaboration with Professor R.R.W. Rickards of the Australian National University in Canberra, Australia. A homologue of the ap gene of D. melanogaster exists in the Medfly. LIM domains and the homeo-domain, important for the function of the D. melanogaster ap gene, are conserved here too. Attempts to clone the complete gene were unsuccessful. Due to the complexity of JH homologs, presence of related FR-7 in the biosynthetic products of Medfly CA and lack of reduction in eggs deposited in the presence of monooxygenase inhibitors, inhibition of epoxidases is not a feasible alternative to control Medfly reproduction, and raises questions which cannot be resolved within the current dogma of hormonal control of reproduction in Diptera. The Medfly ap gene has similar domains to the D. melanogaster ap gene. Although mutant ap genes are involved in JH deficiency, ap is a questionable candidate for an endocrine lesion, especially since the D. melanogoster gene functions is a transcription factor.