Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Spatial redistribution'
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Fink, Dietmar, Manfred Müller, Moni Behar, and Ricardo M. Papaleo. "Spatial redistribution of boron implanted into Poly-(Di-n-Hexyl Silane), (PDHSi)." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-196850.
Full textFink, Dietmar, Manfred Müller, Moni Behar, and Ricardo M. Papaleo. "Spatial redistribution of boron implanted into Poly-(Di-n-Hexyl Silane), (PDHSi)." Diffusion fundamentals 2 (2005) 117, S. 1, 2005. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A14457.
Full textBurger, William. "Spatial Analysis of Post-Fire Sediment Redistribution Using Rare Earth Element Tracers." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2019. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/589658.
Full textM.S.
Many grasslands in arid and semi-arid regions are undergoing rapid changes in vegetation, including encroachment of woody plants and invasive grasses, which can alter the rates and patterns of fire and sediment transport in these landscapes. We investigated the spatial distribution of sediments at the scale of vegetated microsites for three years following a prescribed fire using a multiple rare earth element (REE) tracer-based approach in a shrub-grass transition zone in the northern Chihuahuan desert (New Mexico, USA). To this end, we applied REE tracers – holmium, europium, and ytterbium on shrub, grass, and bare microsites, respectively in March 2016. Soil samples were collected from both burned and control (not burned) sites before (March) and after (June) the annual windy season, from 2016 through 2018. Results indicate that although the horizontal mass flux (HMF) of wind-borne sediment increased approximately threefold in the first windy season following the fire, and the HMF of both plots were not significantly different after three windy seasons. Comparing REE concentrations in sediments from both plots over the three years and three annual windy seasons, we observed a post-fire shift in source and sink dynamics of sediments. The tracer analysis of wind-borne sediments indicated that the source of the HMF in the burned site was mostly derived from shrub microsites following the fire, whereas the bare microsites were the major contributors for aeolian sediment in control areas. The shift in sources and sinks, and the spatial homogenization of REEs indicate that the removal of shrub vegetation resulted in sediment redistribution to the bare microsites even three years after the prescribed fire. The findings of this study will improve our understanding of post-fire geomorphic processes at a microsite scale in a grassland ecosystem undergoing land degradation induced by shrub encroachment.
Temple University--Theses
Hannunen, Salla. "Trivial movements and redistribution of polyphagous insect herbivores in heterogeneous vegetation /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, Dept. of Entomology, 2003. http://epsilon.slu.se/a376.pdf.
Full textHannunen, Salla Ekbom Barbara. "Trivial movements and redistribution of polyphagous insect herbivores in heterogeneous vegetation /." Uppsala : Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://diss-epsilon.slu.se/archive/00000167/.
Full textThesis documentation sheet inserted. Includes appendix of four papers and manuscripts, two co-authored with Barbara Ekbom. Includes bibliographical references. Also partially issued electronically via World Wide Web in PDF format; online version lacks appendix of papers.
Henning, Ineke. "Implications of land reform on spatial planning and development in the Tzaneen Local Municipality / I. Henning." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4400.
Full textThesis (M.Art. et Scien. (Town and Regional Planning))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.
Mariappan, Sankar. "Soil redistribution impacts on the spatial variation of nutrients, net carbon exchange with the atmosphere and soil respiration rates in highly eroding agricultural fields from the foothills of the Indian Himalaya." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/23757.
Full textLi, Wenjuan. "Firms and people in place : driving forces for regional growth." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Department of Social and Economic Geography, Umeå University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1360.
Full textCouhert, Alexandre. "Amélioration des références massiques de la Terre par synergie entre différentes mesures de géodésie spatiale : Application à l'océanographie par altimétrie spatiale." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30242.
Full textIn the context of the overall climate change and the need to analyze the implications of the record ice-sheet melting for the sea level and global fluid mass redistribution budgets, our PhD work focuses on large-scale phenomena impacting the shape of the Earth, its gravity field, and the stability of its rotation pole. We explore strategies for the observation and modeling of subtle variations in geodynamic parameters (lowermost degree coefficients), which are still poorly constrained, despite their importance in determining fundamental terrestrial references. The first part of this PhD is dedicated to the observation of the geocenter motion, using different geodetic technics. The outcomes of this work provided explanations, through a correct handling of the dominant error sources, for the discrepancies between the reference laser-based LAGEOS geocenter time series (defining the origin of the international frame, ITRF) and independent solutions using DORIS/laser/GPS observations from the Jason-2 altimeter satellite. The second part of this PhD presents a self-consistent determination of the degrees 0 (gravitational coefficient GM), 1 (geocenter motion), and 2 (Earth's figure axis orientation) of the geopotential. To this end, we use the available laser data since the 1970s (e.g., the first geodetic satellite Starlette launched by CNES in 1975), as they are the only absolute measurements making possible the monitoring of the first three degree terms. Based on 35 years of satellite laser tracking, an updated value of the geocentric gravitational coefficient was obtained, and a viscoelastic behavior of the Earth's mantle manifesting at decadal time scales was exhibited, combining the derived figure axis variations of the Earth and polar motion observations with the Euler-Liouville equations
Blazevic, Lara Antonia. "Monitoring spatio-temporal water redistribution in the subsurface with seismic methods." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2020SORUS015.pdf.
Full textThe characterization and monitoring of subsurface water systems are fundamental to groundwater resources conservation and management. To this end, hydrogeophysics provides a suite of non-invasive methods to study the shallow subsurface environment and the processes occurring therein over multiple scales. Time-lapse hydrogeophysical applications are notably useful to monitor water dynamics and follow temporal variations in water content. Largely dominated by electrical and electromagnetic methods, these applications are being increasingly explored with seismic methods. The seismic signal is dependent on the mechanical properties of the medium which are in turn affected by changes in water content. Consequently, seismic responses are also influenced by hydrological properties and state variables. Nonetheless, complexities in describing the mechanical behavior of partially saturated shallow materials have limited the quantitative characterization of the subsurface and associated water dynamics by means of seismic methods. Here we investigate the evolution of seismic responses with varying water content in time-lapse field contexts, analyzing both data and inverted parameters, and compare the resulting trends with established petrophysical relationships. We show that seismic time-lapse inversions of P-wave refraction data and corresponding changes in wave propagation velocity enable the recognition of preferential water flow paths in the subsurface, highlighting the potential of seismic methods to monitor hydrological processes and unsaturated flow. Overall, qualitative agreements between seismic velocity trends and theoretical petrophysical relationships still eclipse accurate quantitative estimations of water content from inverted seismic parameters. We anticipate further time-lapse seismic field studies to help bridge the gap between qualitative and quantitative observations. In the wake of the recent advancements in seismic equipment and techniques, appropriate field-scale petrophysical relationships will play an important role in the development of seismic methods for hydrological applications
Duran-Vigneron, Pascale. "Fiscal disparities and territorial redistribution." Thesis, Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100069.
Full textThe question of territorial disparities, although not a new one, appears to be a very topical issue with European opening and globalization. If the higher competition between territories that arises in this context is not controlled, the consequences can be extremely important in terms of social cohesion. Thereby, a detailed analysis about the instruments used to deal with the sensitive issue of territorial disparities is both relevant and necessary. We then focus on two types of public intervention that appear as the most important instruments used in the reduction of territorial disparities and that we analyze in a context of mobility. The thesis is then organized in two parts that are distinct but complement each other. The Part I is interested in the issue of fiscal equalization as a device to reduce fiscal disparities. The Chapter 1 provides a detailed survey of literature on equalization payments in a context of economic agents' mobility and therefore in an economic efficiency perspective. The Chapter 2 is in line with the first one and analyses the ability of a transparent equalization scheme to be efficiency enhancing. The Part II of the thesis studies a second instrument reduction of territorial disparities, inter-municipal cooperation, and its impact on fiscal pressure. The Chapter 3 look at this issue from a theoretical point of view, while the Chapter 4 is an empirical analysis applied to the French case
Кохтич, Людмила Михайлівна. "Закономірності формування об ємних періодичних структур полімер-наночастинки голографічним методом." Thesis, Інститут фізики Національної академії наук України, 2014. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/33753.
Full textКохтич Л. M. Закономірності формування об'ємних періодичних структур полімер-наночастинки голографічним методом. - На правах рукопису. Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата фізико-математичних наук за спеціальністю 01.04.05 - оптика, лазерна фізика. - Інститут фізики НАЛ України, Київ, 2014. У дисертації представлено результати дослідження об'ємних періодичних структур полімер - НЧ різної природи, отриманих голографічним методом. В роботі вперше показана можливість отримання стабільних об'ємних структур з НЧ металу шляхом синтезу НЧ з прекурсору металу, попередньо розподіленого в полімерній матриці. Розроблені та оптимізовані органо-неорганічні нанокомпозити, чутливі в діапазоні 400-520 нм, основані на комерційних доступних акрилових мономерах, які забезпечують ефективний дифузний перерозподіл НЧ різної природи та прекурсору НЧ в полімерній матриці. Досліджені голографічні властивості отриманих нанокомпозитів та механізми впорядкування НЧ. З використанням НЧ різної природи (TiO2, SiO2, ZrO2, LaPO4, CdSe/ZnS, прекурсору НЧ Ag) отримані стабільні об'ємні структури (ґратки пропускаючого типу) з періодом 0.3 - 3 мкм і амплітудою модуляції показника заломлення 0.005 - 0.026, що в деяких випадках на порядок перевищує раніше досягнуті величини. Досліджено дифракційні, люмінесцентні та лазерні властивості періодичних структур з НЧ різних типів.
Kokhtych L.M. Regularities in formation of volume periodic structures polymer – nanoparticles by the holographic method. – Used only as a manuscript. This thesis is for obtaining the scientific degree candidate of sciences (physics and mathematics) by the specialty 01.04.05 – optics, laser physics. – Institute for Physics, NAS of Ukraine, – Kyiv, 2014. The results of study of volume periodic structures polymer – nanoparticles (NP) of different kinds fabricated by holographic method are introduced in this thesis. For the first time it was shown the possibility to obtain the stable volume structures polymer – metal NP by using the synthesis of NP from the metal precursor preliminary distributed in a polymer matrix. Based on commercially available acryl monomers organic-inorganic nanocomposites light-sensitive within the range 400 – 520 nm have been developed and optimized. These materials provide efficient diffusion redistribution of NP and NP precursor in polymer matrix. Holographic properties of the obtained nanocomposites as well as the mechanism of NP ordering have been investigated. Using of NP of various nature (TiO2, SiO2, ZrO2, LaPO4, CdSe/ZnS, precursor of Ag NP), we have obtained stable volume transmission gratings with the period 0.3 - 3 µm and the amplitude of refractive index modulation from 0.005 up to 0.026, that sometimes exceeds by one order the values reached earlier. Diffraction, luminescent and laser properties of the obtained structures were also investigated.
Кохтич Л. М. Закономерности формирования объемных периодических структур полимер-наночастицы голографическим методом. - На правах рукописи. Диссертация на соискание ученой степени кандидата физико-математических наук по специальности 01.04.05 – оптика, лазерная физика. – Институт физики НАН Украины, Киев, 2014. В диссертации представлены результаты исследования особенностей формирования периодических структур полимер – НЧ различной природы: SiO2, LaPO4:Ce,Tb, CdSe/ZnS, TiO2, ZrO2 и Ag голографическим методом. Для достижения поставленных задач, в отличие от известных двухкомпонентных систем, включающих мономер и НЧ, была реализованная идея использования трьохкомпонентной системы, базирующейся на двух акриловых мономерах с разным количеством двойных связей (CH=CH2)m и разной реакционной способностью. Установлено, что оптимальной мономерной составляющей является смесь поли- и однофункционального мономеров. Первый должен иметь высокую скорость полимеризации и формировать трехмерную полимерную сетку, второй, с низкой скоростью полимеризации, – образовывать линейные полимерные цепи и иметь низкое термодинамическое сродство к полимерной сетке, что способствует вытеснению низкореакционного мономера и НЧ из максимумов светового поля в минимумы поля. Показано, что наиболее универсальным вариантом является мономерная смесь, которая состоит с SR444 (m=3) и IBA (m=1). Она обеспечивает эффективное пространственное перераспределение компонент для всех исследуемых НЧ. Использование других комбинаций может обеспечивать дополнительные свойства структур. Для получения высокого контраста структуры, нанокомпозит должен включать не менее 10об.% НЧ. Детально исследован механизм формирования периодических структур полимер - НЧ и усовершенствована его полимеризационно-дифузная модель. Определено влияние фазового разделения, вязкости среды, концентрации мономеров и НЧ на степень их пространственного перераспределения и, соответственно, эффективность структуры. Упорядочение НЧ в полимерной матрице происходит вследствие неоднородной полимеризации и диффузионного перераспределения компонент композита в пространственно периодическом поле. Относительная модуляция объемной концентрации НЧ достигается при концентрационном соотношении SR444:IBA 30:70вес.% составляет 85-99%. В результате, формируется объемная структура, эффективность которой определяется различием показателей преломления в облученных и необлученных областях решетки и степенью пространственного перераспределения компонент. Амплитуда модуляции показателя преломления n1 определяется также соотношением характерных времен полимеризации и диффузионного массопереноса на расстояние порядка периода поля. Максимальное n1 достигается в случае, когда диффузионный массоперенос происходит быстрее, чем формирование полимерной сетки, что определяется условиями голографической экспозиции: интенсивностью и периодом поля, которые составляют I=0.8÷9мВт/см2, Λ= 0.8÷1.2 мкм, соответственно. С использованием НЧ различной природы получены объемные периодические структуры с периодом 0.4 – 2 мкм и величиной n1 0.005 – 0.026, что существенно превышает величины, достигнутые для тех же НЧ в композитах, включающих один мономер. В работе впервые показана возможность получения стабильных объемных структур полимер - НЧ металла с высоким содержанием НЧ и низким уровнем дефектности. Формирование структур происходит в результате синтеза НЧ из металлического прекурсора, периодически распределенного в полимерной матрице. На первом этапе при фотополимеризации в интерференционном поле формируется стабильная периодическая структура (объемная решетка) полимер – металлический прекурсор. Образование НЧ металла происходит, главным образом, после голографической записи вследствие термической обработки. Фотостабильность решеток обеспечивается необратимым диффузионным разделением компонент в процессе записи. В зависимости от условий записи и используемого инициатора средний диаметр НЧ составляет 5 и 3 нм. Образование НЧ серебра подтверждено электронно-микроскопическими и спектральными исследованиями. Исследовано механизмы фото- и термостимулированного синтеза НЧ в полимерных слоях. Для структур с периодом 0.3 – 3 мкм показано, что термоиндуцированный синтез НЧ Ag обеспечивает максимальное значение n1 = 0.02, что в два раза превышает величину, полученную при фотоиндуцированном восстановлении. Предложена наиболее вероятная схема восстановления Ag+ и образования НЧ серебра в периодических структурах. Исследованы дифракционные, люминесцентные и лазерные свойства периодических структур с НЧ различных типов. На базе разработанных материалов изготовлены голографические оптические элементы 1D-2D размерности и РЗЗ-структуры. Стабильность параметров структур сохраняется не менее 8 лет. Дифракционная эффективность одномерных структур на длинах волн 440-650 нм составляет 80-99%, двумерных – 65-70%.
Vlachos, Jonas. "Risk matters : studies in finance, trade and politics." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Samhällsekonomi (S), 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-589.
Full textDiss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 2002
Boyer, Bénédicte. "La redistribution spatiale induite par les budgets publics locaux : le cas de la région Île-de-France." Paris 12, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA120019.
Full textThe combined effects of the incidence of local public revenues and of public expenditures for the provision of local services are apt to produce important redistributions between individuals and areas. The decentralization process has given french regions new responsibilities regarding regional and local development, and we found particularly relevant to try and answer the question of the spatial impacts of the regional budget. The chosen case study for the method we propose is the region ile-de-france, and the results are given for fiscal years 1983 to 1985. The overall impact of these budgets on the eight departements which constitute ile-de-france clearly tends to reduce spatial inequalities in the area: the regional budget favors the poorer departements of the east vs. The west, and the less well-to-do suburbs vs. Well-off paris
Greaves, Danielle Kathleen. "Désadaptations cardiovasculaires à la microgravité : techniques avancées pour améliorer la mesure et l'évaluation du risque cardiovaculaire induit par les vols spatiaux pour les équipages de longue durée Effects of exercise countermeasure on myocardial contractility measured by 4D speckle tracking during a 21-day head-down bed rest Cardiac and arterial structure and functional changes after four days of dry immersion with and without thigh cuffs Effect of thigh cuff on venous flow redistribution during 4 days in dry immersion." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC433.
Full textObjective: to evaluate functional myocardial contractility after 21 days of head-down bed rest (HDTBR) in sedentary control (CON) or with a resistive vibration exercise (RVE) countermeasure (CM) applied, by using 4D echocardiographic (4D Echo) imaging and speckle tracking strain quantification.Methods: Twelve volunteers were enrolled in a crossover HDTBR design, and 4D Echo was performed in supine position (REST) at BDC-2 and at R+2, and in -6° HDTBR (on day 18), and also during the first and the last minute of the 80° head-up step of Standard Measures tilt test, performed at both BDC-2 and R+2. Radial (Rad-Str), longitudinal (Lg-Str) and twist (Tw-Str) strain were measured by 4D speckle tracking, as well as left ventricle diastolic volume (LVDV) and mass (LVmass).Results: On day 18: in the CON group, LVDV and LVmass were reduced (p<0.05), the Rad-Str decreased (p<0.05) and Tw-Str showed a tendency to increase (p< 0.11), with no changes in Lg-Str. In RVE group, LVDV and LV mass, as well as all the strain parameters remained unchanged.On R+2: in the CON group, LVDV and LVmass were not recovered in all subjects compared to pre-HDTBR (p<0.08), Rad-Str was still decreased (p<0.05), while Tw-Str tended to increase (p<0.09). These parameters remained unchanged in the RVE group.Tilt 80°: Rad-Str and Lg-Str values at 80° tilt were similar post HDT in both groups.Conclusion: 4D Echo and speckle tracking analysis showed that in the CON group, Rad-Str decreased concomitant with LVmass and LVDV with HDTBR, but this observation did not support the hypothesis that this HDTBR induced remodelling or a muscle atrophy. RVE acted to preserve both LVmass, LVDV and contractility during HDTBR, thus proving its effectiveness to this aim. Nevertheless, the significant HDTBR-induced changes observed in the CON group had only a limited effect on the cardiac contractile response as observed during post HDTBR tilt test. The level of contractility at 80° Tilt position was not affected neither by HDTBR nor by RVE CM.Purpose: The objective was to quantify the venous redistribution during a 4-day dry immersion (DI) and evaluate the effect of thigh cuffs.Methods: The study included 9 control (Co) and 9 subjects wearing thigh cuffs during daytime hours (CU). Ultrasound images were collected Pre DI, on the fourth day in the morning (D4 AM) and on the fourth day in the afternoon (D4 PM), to assess the following outcome variables: left ventricle dimension, stroke volume, and ejection fraction (LVD, SV, EF), jugular vein volume (JV), portal vein dimension (PV), middle cerebral vein velocity (MCVv). An additional measure of JV dimension was performed on the first day after having worn the cuffs for two hours (D1 2H).Results: The JV volume increased significantly from Pre to D1 2H in both groups, but increased more in the Co compare to the CU subjects (Co: 0,27+/0.15cm3 to 0.94+/-0;22 cm3;P<0.01 CU: 0,32+/-0.13 cm3 to 0.64+/-0.32 cm3 P<0.042).At D4 AM no difference was found between the two treatment groups for any of the parameters listed above.Stroke volume and EF decreased from Pre (SV:111+/-23cm3 to 93+/-24 cm3 p<0.05; EF:0.66+/-0.07 to 0.62+/-0.07 p<0.05). JV volume was slightly, but significantly increased (Co: 0.47+/-0.22cm3 CU:0.35+/-014cm3 P<0.05), while MCVv and PV remained unchanged from Pre DI. From D4 AM to PM these parameters did not show any significant change.Conclusion: The results confirm that DI induces, during the first 2-3 h, a significant cephalic fluid shift as observed in spaceflight. During this early phase the thigh cuffs reduced the amplitude of the fluid shift towards the head, but after 4 days in DI there was only a slight memory (residual) effect of DI on the jugular volume and no residual effect of thigh cuffs
Follain, Stéphane. "Effet du réseau bocager sur l'organisation des sols. Redistributions des sols et stockage en carbone organique." Phd thesis, Agrocampus - Ecole nationale supérieure d'agronomie de rennes, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00130432.
Full textLes objectifs de ce travail étaient de comprendre et de quantifier à l'échelle d'un paysage bocager, l'effet du système talus/haie sur l'organisation des sols et sur les stocks de carbone organique associés, ainsi que de décrire la dynamique des processus spatiaux qui ont conduit aux organisations observées.
Pour y parvenir, la démarche adoptée a combiné trois approches complémentaires. Tout d'abord, nous avons conduit une étude de terrain dans un paysage bocager historiquement documenté et offrant des conditions topo-paysagères contrastées avec pour but une caractérisation spatiale de l'effet du réseau bocager qui prenne en compte l'action de l'homme et la nature tridimensionnelle de la couverture pédologique à l'échelle du paysage.
Ensuite, nous avons couplé des approches de datation relative (analyse de documents historiques et géométrie des horizons) et absolue (carbone-14, césium-137), complémentaires des approches spatiales, pour dater les sols et analyser la dynamique des processus à l'origine des modifications de leur
organisation spatiale.
Cette prise en compte de la dimension temporelle était nécessaire pour améliorer notre compréhension des processus de redistribution en sol et nous permettre d'engager une modélisation spatiale et temporelle simulant des évolutions du paysage bocager en fonction de différents scénarii d'occupation des sols.
Schaeffer, Yves. "Trois essais sur les relations entre disparités socio-spatiales et inégalités sociales." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00980464.
Full textMorel, A. L'Huissier Alain. "Economie de la distribution d'eau aux populations urbaines à faible revenu dans les pays en voie de développement." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1990. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529771.
Full textKubheka, Sipho. "The state of spatial information for land reform in South Africa : a case study of the Amantungwa Land Reform project." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/1020.
Full textThesis (M.Sc.) - University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2006.