Relevant bibliographies by topics / Spatial redistribution

Academic literature on the topic 'Spatial redistribution'

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Published: 30 May 2022
Last updated: 31 May 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Spatial redistribution"

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Rossi-Hansberg, Esteban, Pierre-Daniel Sarte, and Felipe Schwartzman. "Cognitive Hubs and Spatial Redistribution." Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond Working Papers 19, no. 16 (September 25, 2019): 1–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21144/wp19-16.

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Arcalean, Calin, Gerhard Glomm, and Ioana Schiopu. "Growth effects of spatial redistribution policies." Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 36, no. 7 (July 2012): 988–1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jedc.2012.01.004.

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Holthoff, Knut, and Otto W. Witte. "Directed spatial potassium redistribution in rat neocortex." Glia 29, no. 3 (February 1, 2000): 288–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-1136(20000201)29:3<288::aid-glia10>3.0.co;2-8.

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Pavía, Jose M., and Antonio López-Quílez. "Spatial vote redistribution in redrawn polling units." Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society) 176, no. 3 (July 27, 2012): 655–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-985x.2012.01055.x.

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Belanger, Alain, and Andrei Rogers. "The Internal Migration and Spatial Redistribution of the Foreign-Born Population in the United States: 1965–70 and 1975–80." International Migration Review 26, no. 4 (December 1992): 1342–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839202600412.

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This article examines the importance of place of birth on the internal migration and spatial redistribution patterns of the foreign-born population in the United States during the 1965–70 and the 1975–80 periods, relying principally on the Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) files for our input data. The diverse nationalities are aggregated into eight different regions of origin: Mexico, Puerto Rico, Rest of South and Central America, Europe, Asia, Africa and Oceania, Canada and the Rest of the World. First, the regional distribution of these eight groups at the 1970 and 1980 censuses are examined. Next, the spatial redistribution of the foreign-born population and its changes over time are studied. The age patterns of migration for the different foreign-born groups are analyzed, and the article concludes by examining decadal changes in redistributional tendencies using multiregional life table analyses.
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Gabrieli, Tommaso. "Spatial Segregation, Redistribution and Welfare: A Theoretical Model." Urban Planning 1, no. 1 (March 24, 2016): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v1i1.537.

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This paper develops a theoretical model focusing on the effect that different neighborhood compositions can have on the formation of individual beliefs about economic opportunities. Specifically we highlight two effects that spatial segregation may have: (1) it can efficiently separate the individual effort choices of highly and low productive individuals, (2) it may imply that the median voter imposes a level of redistribution that is inefficient from the aggregate point of view. The trade-off implies that segregated and non-segregated cities may present very similar levels of aggregate welfare. We employ this framework to discuss how the structure of cities can play a role in the determination of US-type and Europe-type politico-economic equilibria and the implications for planning policies.
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Manz, P., M. Xu, N. Fedorczak, S. C. Thakur, and G. R. Tynan. "Spatial redistribution of turbulent and mean kinetic energy." Physics of Plasmas 19, no. 1 (January 2012): 012309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3676634.

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Hu, W., and B. C. Si. "Soil water content evaluation considering time-invariant spatial pattern and space-variant temporal change." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 10, no. 10 (October 28, 2013): 12829–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-12829-2013.

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Abstract. Soil water content (SWC) varies in space and time. The objective of this study was to evaluate soil water content distribution using a statistical model. The model divides spatial SWC series into time-invariant spatial patterns, space-invariant temporal changes, and space- and time-dependent redistribution terms. The redistribution term is responsible for the temporal changes in spatial patterns of SWC. An empirical orthogonal function was used to separate the total variations of redistribution terms into the sum of the product of spatial structures (EOFs) and temporally-varying coefficients (ECs). Model performance was evaluated using SWC data of near-surface (0–0.2 m) and root-zone (0–1.0 m) from a Canadian Prairie landscape. Three significant EOFs were identified for redistribution term for both soil layers. EOF1 dominated the variations of redistribution terms and it resulted in more changes (recharge or discharge) in SWC at wetter locations. Depth to CaCO3 layer and organic carbon were the two most important controlling factors of EOF1, and together, they explained over 80% of the variations in EOF1. Weak correlation existed between either EOF2 or EOF3 and the observed factors. A reasonable prediction of SWC distribution was obtained with this model using cross validation. The model performed better in the root zone than in the near surface, and it outperformed conventional EOF method in case soil moisture deviated from the average conditions.
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Hurst, Erik, Benjamin J. Keys, Amit Seru, and Joseph Vavra. "Regional Redistribution through the US Mortgage Market." American Economic Review 106, no. 10 (October 1, 2016): 2982–3028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20151052.

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Regional shocks are an important feature of the US economy. Households' ability to self-insure against these shocks depends on how they affect local interest rates. In the United States, most borrowing occurs through the mortgage market and is influenced by the presence of government-sponsored enterprises (GSE). We establish that despite large regional variation in predictable default risk, GSE mortgage rates for otherwise identical loans do not vary spatially. In contrast, the private market does set interest rates which vary with local risk. We use a spatial model of collateralized borrowing to show that the national interest rate policy substantially affects welfare by redistributing resources across regions. (JEL E32, E43, G21, G28, L32, R11, R31)
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Augustine, David J., Daniel G. Milchunas, and Justin D. Derner. "Spatial Redistribution of Nitrogen by Cattle in Semiarid Rangeland." Rangeland Ecology & Management 66, no. 1 (January 2013): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2111/rem-d-11-00228.1.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Spatial redistribution"

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Fink, Dietmar, Manfred Müller, Moni Behar, and Ricardo M. Papaleo. "Spatial redistribution of boron implanted into Poly-(Di-n-Hexyl Silane), (PDHSi)." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-196850.

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100 keV 10 B+ ions were implanted into poly-(di-n-hexyl silane) in different directions at a fluence of 1x1014 cm-2, and their depth distribution was determined by means of the neutron depth profiling technique. In no case the projectile ions are found to come to rest according to their predicted range profiles. Instead, they are always found to undergo considerable long-range migration. During the irradiation process this motion appears to be radiation-enhanced, and during the subsequent annealing steps one appears to deal with regular thermal diffusion. The implant redistribution is always found to be governed strongly by the self-created damage, insofar as both electronic and nuclear defects in the polymer act as trapping centers. Their population ratio is modified by thermal annealing. The as-implanted redistribution shows a pronounced directional dependence, which essentially is a consequence of the spatial distributions of the electronic and nuclear damage. The changes of the nuclear defect distribution during thermal annealing are studied by a specially developed tomographic method. It is found that boron is preferentially trapped along the irradiation direction, exhibiting quite pronounced prolate (i.e. cigar-like) distributions. This shape is hardly affected by thermal annealing.
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Fink, Dietmar, Manfred Müller, Moni Behar, and Ricardo M. Papaleo. "Spatial redistribution of boron implanted into Poly-(Di-n-Hexyl Silane), (PDHSi)." Diffusion fundamentals 2 (2005) 117, S. 1, 2005. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A14457.

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100 keV 10 B+ ions were implanted into poly-(di-n-hexyl silane) in different directions at a fluence of 1x1014 cm-2, and their depth distribution was determined by means of the neutron depth profiling technique. In no case the projectile ions are found to come to rest according to their predicted range profiles. Instead, they are always found to undergo considerable long-range migration. During the irradiation process this motion appears to be radiation-enhanced, and during the subsequent annealing steps one appears to deal with regular thermal diffusion. The implant redistribution is always found to be governed strongly by the self-created damage, insofar as both electronic and nuclear defects in the polymer act as trapping centers. Their population ratio is modified by thermal annealing. The as-implanted redistribution shows a pronounced directional dependence, which essentially is a consequence of the spatial distributions of the electronic and nuclear damage. The changes of the nuclear defect distribution during thermal annealing are studied by a specially developed tomographic method. It is found that boron is preferentially trapped along the irradiation direction, exhibiting quite pronounced prolate (i.e. cigar-like) distributions. This shape is hardly affected by thermal annealing.
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Burger, William. "Spatial Analysis of Post-Fire Sediment Redistribution Using Rare Earth Element Tracers." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2019. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/589658.

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Geology
M.S.
Many grasslands in arid and semi-arid regions are undergoing rapid changes in vegetation, including encroachment of woody plants and invasive grasses, which can alter the rates and patterns of fire and sediment transport in these landscapes. We investigated the spatial distribution of sediments at the scale of vegetated microsites for three years following a prescribed fire using a multiple rare earth element (REE) tracer-based approach in a shrub-grass transition zone in the northern Chihuahuan desert (New Mexico, USA). To this end, we applied REE tracers – holmium, europium, and ytterbium on shrub, grass, and bare microsites, respectively in March 2016. Soil samples were collected from both burned and control (not burned) sites before (March) and after (June) the annual windy season, from 2016 through 2018. Results indicate that although the horizontal mass flux (HMF) of wind-borne sediment increased approximately threefold in the first windy season following the fire, and the HMF of both plots were not significantly different after three windy seasons. Comparing REE concentrations in sediments from both plots over the three years and three annual windy seasons, we observed a post-fire shift in source and sink dynamics of sediments. The tracer analysis of wind-borne sediments indicated that the source of the HMF in the burned site was mostly derived from shrub microsites following the fire, whereas the bare microsites were the major contributors for aeolian sediment in control areas. The shift in sources and sinks, and the spatial homogenization of REEs indicate that the removal of shrub vegetation resulted in sediment redistribution to the bare microsites even three years after the prescribed fire. The findings of this study will improve our understanding of post-fire geomorphic processes at a microsite scale in a grassland ecosystem undergoing land degradation induced by shrub encroachment.
Temple University--Theses
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Hannunen, Salla. "Trivial movements and redistribution of polyphagous insect herbivores in heterogeneous vegetation /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, Dept. of Entomology, 2003. http://epsilon.slu.se/a376.pdf.

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Hannunen, Salla Ekbom Barbara. "Trivial movements and redistribution of polyphagous insect herbivores in heterogeneous vegetation /." Uppsala : Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://diss-epsilon.slu.se/archive/00000167/.

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Thesis (doctoral)--Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2003.
Thesis documentation sheet inserted. Includes appendix of four papers and manuscripts, two co-authored with Barbara Ekbom. Includes bibliographical references. Also partially issued electronically via World Wide Web in PDF format; online version lacks appendix of papers.
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Henning, Ineke. "Implications of land reform on spatial planning and development in the Tzaneen Local Municipality / I. Henning." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4400.

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A thorough investigation of legislation involved in the land reform programme was conducted. This includes the Constitution of South Africa, as well as the legal frameworks that manage the land reform process. Many of the unintended results are because of misunderstandings. This study sought to clarify those misunderstandings and confusing language. The South African land reform process was excellently planned. The process is managed in three phases, namely land restitution, land redistribution and land tenure. There are some successes and failures due to the way those programmes were implemented. In order to implement and manage the land reform programmes and spatial planning on national, provincial and district level, the following plans were introduced: National Level: Pro-active Land Acquisition Strategy (PLAS) & Area-based Planning Provincial Level: Limpopo Growth and Development Strategy (LGDS) District Level: Mopani Integrated Development Plan Local Level: Greater Tzaneen Municipality Integrated Development Plan & Spatial Development Framework The study area, the Tzaneen Local Municipality, was chosen because it is home to some of the first land reform projects in South Africa, it is the district with some of the highest intensity of land claims and it offers a complete menu of land reform programmes in an advanced state on a small area. The impact that land reform has had on the spatial development in the Tzaneen Local Municipality has been studied in more detail. As the study progressed, it was realised that the impact not only stops at spatial development. The influence was much bigger than that. The local economy was affected, as were job opportunities, tourism, food security, the retail industry and even the mining industry. Such an impact is also not restricted to the Tzaneen Local Municipality. In order to control the land reform process, the government should involve the private sector in the land reform process. The moment this happens, the skills and experience locked in the private sector are transferred to the government for the benefit of all people involved in and influenced by the land reform process. An Integrated Land Reform Action Forum (ILRAF) must be established that manages the land reform process on national, provincial and local level. This ILRAF has to fulfil much the same purpose as the former Joint Monitoring Committees (JMCs) accomplished. The ILRAF must consist of all role-players within the land reform process. These include, national, provincial and local government officials, commercial farmers, key role-players from the private sector, farm worker representatives, Agri-SA, professionals such as town and regional planners and transfer attorneys, farmers? associations, commercial banks and the media to ensure transparency. In order to correct past mistakes and to ensure that the next five years of the land reform process goes off without a hitch, it is important to involve all role-players and ensure transparency throughout all decision-making processes. Key Terms: Land Reform; Agri-village; Area Based Planning; Land Restitution; Land Redistribution; Land Tenure Reform; Greater Tzaneen Municipality; Willing buyer-willing seller; Spatial Development Framework; Integrated Development Plan.
Thesis (M.Art. et Scien. (Town and Regional Planning))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.
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Mariappan, Sankar. "Soil redistribution impacts on the spatial variation of nutrients, net carbon exchange with the atmosphere and soil respiration rates in highly eroding agricultural fields from the foothills of the Indian Himalaya." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/23757.

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Using the tracer caesium-137 (137Cs) and experimental approaches this study quantified soil redistribution induced spatial variation of nutrients and soil organic carbon (SOC), net C flux between soil and atmosphere and soil respiration rate at various landscapes positions (eroding to deposition) within agricultural fields from the foot hills of Indian Himalaya. The depth distributions of 137Cs and the spatial patterns of 137Cs inventories were consistent with previous applications of the approach in that low inventories were associated with low concentrations in the cultivation layer and high inventories were reflected in deeper 137Cs profiles indicative of accumulation of labelled soil. This supports the contention that 137Cs is a suitable tracer for use in this environment. The study found that soil redistribution within fields altered the spatial variation of nutrients and SOC; with significantly lower concentrations of nutrients in the most eroded part of fields (upslope) and significantly higher concentrations of nutrients and SOC in the depositional part of field (downslope). The spatial pattern of nutrients and SOC is reflected in differences in depth distributions between eroded and depositional areas. The 137Cs and SOC inventory and depth distribution data were used to derive retrospective assessments of net C exchange between soil and atmosphere. The C flux quantification model was used to estimate lateral and vertical soil and SOC redistribution under an assumption of equilibrium conditions and the net exchange of C between soil and atmosphere was derived from the difference between measured and ‘equilibrium’ SOC inventories. Fluxes were derived for each landscape position within the agricultural fields studies and calculated at field and site scale. High rates of soil loss were measured and the results showed that the majority of eroded sediment and SOC was exported from field with only a small fraction redeposited within the field. The effect of soil and SOC redistribution was to create disequilibrium in SOC dynamics at eroding and deposition positions and this supported the formation of a field scale C sink. The sink strength is highest in the most eroded parts of the fields due to dynamic replacement of eroded C. This is assumed to be due to the high rate of incorporation of SOC-poor subsoil, with a large C-unsaturated surface area, into the cultivation layer. The C sink is smaller that those reported from high nutrient-input mechanised farm lands. Irrespective of the fate of exported SOC, the SOC stocks in the fields appear to be in dynamic equilibrium and, therefore, there is no evidence of a C source to the atmosphere due to erosion. Also the rate of SOC export from the fields is very high, especially when compared with mechanised fields and, if it is assumed that some portion of exported C is stored in some part of low lying area, the C sink strength would be comparable to mechanised farm lands. The soil redistribution and C flux study confirmed the existence of spatial variation in C flux at various landscapes position and was consistent with an important role for vertical mixing of soil and SOC in determining net C exchange with the atmosphere. This informed the design of the final element of the research that examined soil respiration differences in soil from shallow and deep layers in eroding and aggrading landscapes position. Respiration was measured over a one year period in samples derived from separate depth layers and in mixtures of soil from different depths at each landscape position. No significant difference was found in C release rate (per unit mass of C) from topsoil of eroding and deposition position but the subsoil of eroding pits exhibited significantly higher C release than the subsoil from deposition positions. This result suggests that topsoil in both locations has almost equal and similar C origin. The relatively high rate of respiration in sub soils from eroding pits may be due to the presence of a larger proportion of SOC formed from recently incorporated plant material (crop roots) at these locations. In buried and deposition locations the reduced mineralisation is consistent with the proposition that burial of top soil can contribute to formation of a C sink. In the samples containing mixed topsoil and subsoil, evidence for priming was seen where the respiration rate in the mixed sample was significantly higher than the expected rate based on the respiration rate seen in the separate depth samples. No priming was evident in mixed soils from eroding locations, suggesting that mixing of subsoil and surface soil does not accelerate loss of old SOC from the subsoil. In contrast, significant priming action was evident in mixed soils from aggrading locations suggesting that buried SOC at depositional locations may be subject to accelerated respiration as long as it is exposed to fresh plant input (as found in surface soils). In conclusion, despite the low input and low productivity of the farmlands in the Indian Himalaya region studied here, there is consistent evidence that high rates of soil erosion and soil redistribution have induced spatial variation of nutrients and SOC, net C flux and soil respiration rates that combine to create a pattern of SOC stocks that are close to equilibrium and, if some of the exported C is sequestered, to create a net C sink. This result again confirms that erosion induced redistribution of C does not directly cause a net release of C to the atmosphere. The consistency of these results with previous studies suggests that there is both scope and need for soil erosion induced carbon fluxes to be incorporated into carbon budgets, research frameworks, land management and climate change mitigation strategies at policy-relevant scales.
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Li, Wenjuan. "Firms and people in place : driving forces for regional growth." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Department of Social and Economic Geography, Umeå University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1360.

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Couhert, Alexandre. "Amélioration des références massiques de la Terre par synergie entre différentes mesures de géodésie spatiale : Application à l'océanographie par altimétrie spatiale." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30242.

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Dans le contexte du changement climatique mondial et la nécessité d'étudier les conséquences de l'ampleur de la fonte des glaces continentales sur le niveau des mers ainsi que sur la répartition des masses fluides à l'échelle du globe, notre travail de thèse s'intéresse aux phénomènes à très grande échelle qui modifient la forme de la Terre, son champ de gravité et l'équilibre de sa rotation. Il se focalise sur la stratégie à mettre en place pour observer et modéliser des variations très fines sur des termes géodynamiques (coefficients de bas degrés) qui sont encore aujourd'hui mal connus, et pourtant déterminants dans l'établissement des références terrestres fondamentales. La première partie de la thèse concerne l'observation du mouvement du géocentre par différentes techniques de mesures géodésiques. Ces travaux débouchent, par une meilleure maîtrise des sources d'erreurs, sur une explication des écarts entre les séries de mesures laser du mouvement du géocentre obtenues sur les satellites LAGEOS (référence actuelle pour l'origine du repère international, ITRF) et celles obtenues indépendamment sur le satellite altimétrique Jason-2 à partir d'observations DORIS/laser/GPS. La deuxième partie de la thèse s'intéresse à la détermination cohérente des coefficients de degrés 0 (coefficient gravitationnel GM), 1 (géocentre), et 2 (inertie/orientation) du champ de pesanteur terrestre. Nous utilisons pour cela les mesures de télémétrie laser disponibles depuis les années 1970 (par exemple, Starlette lancé en précurseur par le CNES dès 1975), car ce sont les seules mesures à caractère absolu qui donnent accès à ces trois premiers degrés. Nos analyses menées sur près de 35 ans aboutissent à une nouvelle valeur de la constante gravitationnelle géocentrique et la détection d'une réponse viscoélastique du manteau de notre planète aux échelles de temps décennales, par combinaison des termes de degré 2 et paramètres d'orientation de la Terre avec les équations d'Euler-Liouville
In the context of the overall climate change and the need to analyze the implications of the record ice-sheet melting for the sea level and global fluid mass redistribution budgets, our PhD work focuses on large-scale phenomena impacting the shape of the Earth, its gravity field, and the stability of its rotation pole. We explore strategies for the observation and modeling of subtle variations in geodynamic parameters (lowermost degree coefficients), which are still poorly constrained, despite their importance in determining fundamental terrestrial references. The first part of this PhD is dedicated to the observation of the geocenter motion, using different geodetic technics. The outcomes of this work provided explanations, through a correct handling of the dominant error sources, for the discrepancies between the reference laser-based LAGEOS geocenter time series (defining the origin of the international frame, ITRF) and independent solutions using DORIS/laser/GPS observations from the Jason-2 altimeter satellite. The second part of this PhD presents a self-consistent determination of the degrees 0 (gravitational coefficient GM), 1 (geocenter motion), and 2 (Earth's figure axis orientation) of the geopotential. To this end, we use the available laser data since the 1970s (e.g., the first geodetic satellite Starlette launched by CNES in 1975), as they are the only absolute measurements making possible the monitoring of the first three degree terms. Based on 35 years of satellite laser tracking, an updated value of the geocentric gravitational coefficient was obtained, and a viscoelastic behavior of the Earth's mantle manifesting at decadal time scales was exhibited, combining the derived figure axis variations of the Earth and polar motion observations with the Euler-Liouville equations
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Blazevic, Lara Antonia. "Monitoring spatio-temporal water redistribution in the subsurface with seismic methods." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2020SORUS015.pdf.

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La caractérisation et la surveillance des systèmes d'eau souterraine sont fondamentales pour la conservation et la gestion des ressources en eau souterraine. Dans cette intention, l'hydrogéophysique fournit une série de méthodes non invasives pour étudier l'environnement souterrain peu profond et les processus qui s'y déroulent sur plusieurs échelles. Les applications hydrogéophysiques à méthode dites time-lapse sont notamment utiles pour surveiller la dynamique de l'eau et suivre les variations temporelles de la teneur en eau. Largement dominées par des méthodes électriques et électromagnétiques, ces applications sont de plus en plus explorées avec des méthodes sismiques. Le signal sismique dépend des propriétés mécaniques du milieu qui sont à leur tour affectées par les changements de teneur en eau. Par conséquent, les réponses sismiques sont également influencées par les propriétés et variables hydrologiques. Néanmoins, les complexités liées à la description du comportement mécanique de matériaux peu profonds et partiellement saturés limitent la caractérisation quantitative de la subsurface et la dynamique de l'eau associée par les méthodes sismiques. Dans ce travail, nous étudions l'évolution temporelle des réponses sismiques en fonction des variations de teneur en eau par la méthode de time-lapse acquise sur le terrain. Nous analysons à la fois les données et les paramètres inversés et nous comparons ensuite les tendances résultantes avec des relations pétrophysiques établies. De cette façon, nous montrons que les inversions sismiques en time-lapse des données de réfraction de l'onde P et les changements correspondant à la vitesse de propagation des ondes permettent la reconnaissance des chemins d'écoulement préférentiels de l'eau dans la subsurface, mettant ainsi en évidence le potentiel des méthodes sismiques pour surveiller les processus hydrologiques et les écoulements non saturés. De manière générale, on observe un fossé d'observations entre les estimations quantitatives de la teneur en eau obtenue par les paramètres sismiques inversés et les corrélations qualitatives, jusqu'à présent dominantes, reliant la vitesse sismique aux relations pétrophysiques théoriques. Cet écart d'observation pourra être comblé par de nouvelles études sismiques en time-lapse sur le terrain. À la suite des progrès récents d'équipement et techniques sismiques, les relations pétrophysiques à l'échelle du terrain joueront un rôle important dans le développement de méthodes sismiques pour des applications hydrologiques
The characterization and monitoring of subsurface water systems are fundamental to groundwater resources conservation and management. To this end, hydrogeophysics provides a suite of non-invasive methods to study the shallow subsurface environment and the processes occurring therein over multiple scales. Time-lapse hydrogeophysical applications are notably useful to monitor water dynamics and follow temporal variations in water content. Largely dominated by electrical and electromagnetic methods, these applications are being increasingly explored with seismic methods. The seismic signal is dependent on the mechanical properties of the medium which are in turn affected by changes in water content. Consequently, seismic responses are also influenced by hydrological properties and state variables. Nonetheless, complexities in describing the mechanical behavior of partially saturated shallow materials have limited the quantitative characterization of the subsurface and associated water dynamics by means of seismic methods. Here we investigate the evolution of seismic responses with varying water content in time-lapse field contexts, analyzing both data and inverted parameters, and compare the resulting trends with established petrophysical relationships. We show that seismic time-lapse inversions of P-wave refraction data and corresponding changes in wave propagation velocity enable the recognition of preferential water flow paths in the subsurface, highlighting the potential of seismic methods to monitor hydrological processes and unsaturated flow. Overall, qualitative agreements between seismic velocity trends and theoretical petrophysical relationships still eclipse accurate quantitative estimations of water content from inverted seismic parameters. We anticipate further time-lapse seismic field studies to help bridge the gap between qualitative and quantitative observations. In the wake of the recent advancements in seismic equipment and techniques, appropriate field-scale petrophysical relationships will play an important role in the development of seismic methods for hydrological applications
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Books on the topic "Spatial redistribution"

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Quantitative analysis of movement: Measuring and modeling population redistribution in animals and plants. Sunderland, Mass: Sinauer Associates, 1998.

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Brueckner, Jan K. Spatially-limited altruism, mixed clubs, and local income redistribution. [Urbana, Ill.]: College of Commerce and Business Administration, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Spatial redistribution"

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Charbeneau, Randall J. "Liquid Moisture Redistribution: Hydrologic Simulation and Spatial Variability." In Unsaturated Flow in Hydrologic Modeling, 127–60. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2352-2_5.

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Buckley, Peter J., Sierk A. Horn, Adam R. Cross, and John Stillwell. "The Spatial Redistribution of Japanese Direct Investment in the United Kingdom between 1991 and 2010." In The Multinational Enterprise and the Emergence of the Global Factory, 326–59. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137402387_13.

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Porter, Jeremy R., and Frank M. Howell. "A Spatial Decomposition of County Population Growth in the United States: Population Redistribution in the Rural-to-Urban Continuum, 1980–2010." In Recapturing Space: New Middle-Range Theory in Spatial Demography, 175–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22810-5_10.

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Espasa, Marta. "The Territorial Redistributive Power of the EU Budget: Empirical Evidence at National and Regional Level." In Advances in Spatial Science, 121–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04788-0_6.

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JEFFRIES, D. "Seasonal and spatial redistribution." In Governments and Tourism, 142–53. Elsevier, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-7506-4478-5.50015-3.

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"Seasonal and spatial redistribution." In Governments and Tourism, 151–62. Routledge, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780080507507-19.

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"Social and Spatial Equities and Revenue Redistribution." In Mathematical and Economic Theory of Road Pricing, 203–38. Elsevier, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-008044487-1/50027-2.

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"Social and Spatial Equities and Revenue Redistribution." In Mathematical and Economic Theory of Road Pricing, 203–38. Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/9780080456713-007.

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Weir, Margaret, and Desmond King. "Redistribution and the Politics of Spatial Inequality in America." In Who Gets What?, 188–210. Cambridge University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108879170.008.

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"Government policy and the spatial redistribution of Canada’s Aboriginal peoples." In Population Mobility and Indigenous Peoples in Australasia and North America, 110–30. Routledge, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203464786-11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Spatial redistribution"

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Garcia, Daniel E., Aleidy Silva, and Chih-Ming Ho. "Spatial redistribution of nano-particles using electrokinetic micro-focuser." In NanoScience + Engineering, edited by Michael T. Postek and John A. Allgair. SPIE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.735440.

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Kiisk, V., Ilmo Sildos, O. Sild, and Jaan Aarik. "Spectral-spatial redistribution of self-trapped excitonic emission in thin anatase films." In 19th Congress of the International Commission for Optics: Optics for the Quality of Life, edited by Giancarlo C. Righini and Anna Consortini. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.531224.

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Bugar, Ignac, Martin Koys, Ryszard Buczynski, and Frantisek Uherek. "Nonlinear spectral and spatial redistribution of light in dual core photonic crystal fiber." In 2011 13th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icton.2011.5971117.

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Szczudlak, Joshua, Sara Rostami, Arman Mirhashemi, Scott Morris, Greg Sluyter, Kirk Gallier, Greg Laskowski, and Jon Slepski. "Redistribution of Total Temperature Through an Annular Turbine Nozzle Cascade." In ASME Turbo Expo 2018: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2018-77281.

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Flow exiting the combustor is highly turbulent and contains significant spatial gradients of pressure and temperature. The high pressure turbine nozzle vanes operating in this environment redistribute these spatial gradients and impact the inflow characteristics of the turbine rotor blades. The present study investigates the redistribution of total temperature through a turbine nozzle vane. Numerical investigation was performed using three-dimensional RANS analysis. Simulations were conducted using the Wilcox k–ω turbulence model and Shear Stress Transport (SST) with and without γ–Reθ transition model. Experimental measurements were obtained in an annular nozzle cascade facility. Two sets of inlet conditions were considered. The first was a nominally uniform total temperature. The second had a span-wise variation of total temperature. Both sets of inlet conditions had nominally the same inlet total pressure and inlet Mach number. Span-wise redistribution was evaluated using the circum-ferentially averaged total temperature profile at a plane downstream of the nozzle. Physical arguments about the influence of nozzle secondary flows on this redistribution are presented.
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Tawhai, M. H., A. R. Clark, M. L. Wilsher, D. G. Milne, K. Subramaniam, and K. S. Burrowes. "Spatial redistribution of perfusion and gas exchange in patient-specific models of pulmonary embolism." In 2012 IEEE 9th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2012.6235821.

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Bouter, Anton, Kleopatra Pirpinia, Tanja Alderliesten, and Peter A. N. Bosman. "Spatial redistribution of irregularly-spaced pareto fronts for more intuitive navigation and solution selection." In GECCO '17: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3067695.3082555.

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Beyerlein, Irene J. "Influence of Multiple Fiber Breaks on Stresses in a Fiber Composite With a Creeping Matrix." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-1175.

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Abstract In this work, the influence of pre-existing fiber breaks on the local creep response of a planar unidirectional fiber composite under steady axial tension is investigated. Shear deformation of the Newtonian viscous matrix material or interface is assumed to dominate the creep response and result in time and temperature induced fiber failures. The recently developed computational mechanics technique, called viscous break interaction (VBI), is used to compute the time-dependent stress and strain redistributions in the fibers and matrix in response to large numbers of transversely aligned and staggered fiber breaks. In VBI, the key influence function in response to one fiber break is built on shear-lag theory, and when employing weighted superposition concepts to this function, the stress fields around multiple breaks is then calculated. The results uncover distinctions in the stress redistribution between large numbers of aligned breaks, e. g. transverse cracks and a finite and infinite periodic row of short cracks, versus a large process zone of staggered (misaligned) breaks. The results also show how both the time growing interactions and spatial arrangement and size of several close breaks influence local matrix creep rate, fiber tensile stress redistribution, and macroscopically, the timescales of multiple creep stages in overall composite strain. In the present application of the VBI technique, the composite model is representative of polymer matrix composites and also ceramic composites with a viscous secondary phase at elevated temperatures. For these systems, the model assumes the reinforcement is the primary load bearing component with time-independent, elastic properties and has a much higher volume fraction than that of the matrix. These studies on the time evolution of local stress are important for modeling the statistical evolution of process zone or crack-tip failure mechanisms in time.
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Iliopoulos, Athanasios P., John C. Steuben, John G. Michopoulos, Theocharis Baxevanis, Tanner Kirk, and Dimitris C. Lagoudas. "On the Thermomechanical Behavior of Ni60Ti40 Coupons via High Performance Full Field Experiments." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-59880.

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Emerging applications for shape memory alloys, such as actuation and energy absorption devices, require better understanding of the mechanics and failure behaviors associated with these materials. In this paper we study the inelastic response of a NiTi alloy under combined thermomechanical actuation. In particular, failure due to strains generated by cooling under isobaric and isothermal conditions is investigated. Strain measurements are performed using a new technique known as Direct Strain Imaging, which provides full field strains of both higher accuracy and higher spatial resolution than previously achievable. The experimental data support the conclusion that the type of fracture observed may be attributed to stress redistribution, caused by a phase transformation.
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Ghodke, Chaitanya D., and Sourabh V. Apte. "A Numerical Investigation to Study Roughness Effects in Oscillatory Flows." In ASME 2017 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2017-69066.

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Effects of roughness on the near-bed turbulence characteristics in oscillatory flows are studied by means of particle-resolved direct numerical simulations (DNS). Two particle sizes of diameter 375 and 125 in wall units corresponding to the large size gravel and the small size sand particle, respectively, in a very rough turbulent flow regime are reported. A double-averaging technique is employed to study the nature of the wake field, i.e., the spatial inhomogeneities at the roughness length scale. This introduced additional production and transport terms in double-averaged Reynolds stress budget, indicating alternate pathways of turbulent energy transfer mechanisms. Budgets of normal components of Reynolds stress reveal redistribution of energy from streamwise component to other two components and is attributed to the work of pressure in both flow cases. It is shown that the large diameter gravel particles significantly modulate the near-bed flow structures, leading to pronounced isotropization of the near-bed flow; while in the sand case, elongated horseshoe structures are found as a result of high shear rate. Effect of mean shear rate on the near-bed anisotropy is significant in the sand case, while it is minimal for the gravel-bed. Redistribution of energy in the gravel case showed reduced dependence on the flow oscillations, while for the sand particle it is more pronounced towards the end of an acceleration cycle.
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Biswas, Debasish, and Aya Kitoh. "Application of a High Order LES Approach to the Redistribution of Inlet Temperature Distortion in a Turbine." In ASME 2013 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2013-3545.

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The demand of an increase in the cycle performance of today’s gas turbines creates severe heat loads in the first turbine stage, since higher operating temperatures are required. The mean flow temperature is usually well above the limit supported by the surrounding material. Cooling of both end-walls and the blades of the first stage is thus usually necessary. Consequently, mid-span streaks of hot gas pass through the first stator row and become hot jets of fluid. Also, the exit flow from a gas turbine combustor entering a turbine stage can have a wide variation in temperature. These variations may be both spatial and temporal. The implementation of cooling method requires a clear understanding of the aerodynamics involved. Both qualitative and quantitative assessments of the redistribution of inlet temperature distortions can be used to considerable advantage by the turbine designer. Experimentally it has been demonstrated that the rotor actually separates the hotter and cooler streams of fluid so that a hotter fluid migrates toward the pressure surface and cooler fluid migrates towards the suction surface. The main purpose of this study is to test the performance of a high-order LES model in terms of predicting this type of highly complicated unsteady flow and heat transfer phenomena. This work describes the performance of a high-order Large Eddy Simulation (LES) turbulent model (developed by the first author) related to the prediction of above mentioned redistribution of inlet temperature distortion in an experimental turbine. Because the understanding of the physical phenomena associated with this temperature redistribution behavior is a very challenging computational fluid dynamic problem. If the numerical method could predict the precisely measured data satisfactorily, then the fluid dynamic variables which are difficult to measure (but obtained as computed results) could be used to visualize the flow characteristics. This technique will also help to get rid off indirect measurement techniques with large measurement uncertainty. In our study emphasis is put to predict the unsteady turbulence characteristics. In this work 3-D unsteady Navier-Stokes analysis of a turbine stage (satisfying the experimental stator-rotor blade ratio) is carried out to study the above mentioned phenomena. The numerical results predicted the experimentally observed phenomena very well. The fact that the streamlines in the stator row remain unaffected was demonstrated by the numerical results. The measured characteristics of the streamline patterns in the rotor row resulted from the secondary flow effect and consequently the inlet temperature distortion effect is also very well predicted.
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Reports on the topic "Spatial redistribution"

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Rossi-Hansberg, Esteban, Pierre-Daniel Sarte, and Felipe Schwartzman. Cognitive Hubs and Spatial Redistribution. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w26267.

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Russo, David, and William A. Jury. Characterization of Preferential Flow in Spatially Variable Unsaturated Field Soils. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7580681.bard.

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Preferential flow appears to be the rule rather than the exception in field soils and should be considered in the quantitative description of solute transport in the unsaturated zone of heterogeneous formations on the field scale. This study focused on both experimental monitoring and computer simulations to identify important features of preferential flow in the natural environment. The specific objectives of this research were: (1) To conduct dye tracing and multiple tracer experiments on undisturbed field plots to reveal information about the flow velocity, spatial prevalence, and time evolution of a preferential flow event; (2) To conduct numerical experiments to determine (i) whether preferential flow observations are consistent with the Richards flow equation; and (ii) whether volume averaging over a domain experiencing preferential flow is possible; (3) To develop a stochastic or a transfer function model that incorporates preferential flow. Regarding our field work, we succeeded to develop a new method for detecting flow patterns faithfully representing the movement of water flow paths in structured and non-structured soils. The method which is based on application of ammonium carbonate was tested in a laboratory study. Its use to detect preferential flow was also illustrated in a field experiment. It was shown that ammonium carbonate is a more conservative tracer of the water front than the popular Brilliant Blue. In our detailed field experiments we also succeeded to document the occurrence of preferential flow during soil water redistribution following the cessation of precipitation in several structureless field soils. Symptoms of the unstable flow observed included vertical fingers 20 - 60 cm wide, isolated patches, and highly concentrated areas of the tracers in the transmission zone. Soil moisture and tracer measurements revealed that the redistribution flow became fingered following a reversal of matric potential gradient within the wetted area. Regarding our simulation work, we succeeded to develop, implement and test a finite- difference, numerical scheme for solving the equations governing flow and transport in three-dimensional, heterogeneous, bimodal, flow domains with highly contrasting soil materials. Results of our simulations demonstrated that under steady-state flow conditions, the embedded clay lenses (with very low conductivity) in bimodal formations may induce preferential flow, and, consequently, may enhance considerably both the solute spreading and the skewing of the solute breakthrough curves. On the other hand, under transient flow conditions associated with substantial redistribution periods with diminishing water saturation, the effect of the embedded clay lenses on the flow and the transport might diminish substantially. Regarding our stochastic modeling effort, we succeeded to develop a theoretical framework for flow and transport in bimodal, heterogeneous, unsaturated formations, based on a stochastic continuum presentation of the flow and a general Lagrangian description of the transport. Results of our analysis show that, generally, a bimodal distribution of the formation properties, characterized by a relatively complex spatial correlation structure, contributes to the variability in water velocity and, consequently, may considerably enhance solute spreading. This applies especially in formations in which: (i) the correlation length scales and the variances of the soil properties associated with the embedded soil are much larger than those of the background soil; (ii) the contrast between mean properties of the two subdomains is large; (iii) mean water saturation is relatively small; and (iv) the volume fraction of the flow domain occupied by the embedded soil is relatively large.
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