Relevant bibliographies by topics / Spatial price theory

Academic literature on the topic 'Spatial price theory'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Spatial price theory"

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McNew, Kevin. "Spatial Market Integration: Definition, Theory, and Evidence." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 25, no. 1 (April 1996): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1068280500000010.

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A point-space model of interregional trade is used to define market integration and to explore its implications for modeling spatial price relationships. This analysis indicates that spatial prices are related nonlinearly, contrary to much of the work on spatial price analysis which uses linear models. As an empirical example, corn market integration along the Mississippi River is examined during the Midwest flood of 1993. Higher transport costs during this period significantly reduced the extent of integration and thereby decreased excess demand shock transference across regions.
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Faminow, Merle D., and Hiroshi Ohta. "Spatial Price Theory of Imperfect Competition." Southern Economic Journal 55, no. 4 (April 1989): 1065. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1059495.

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STEVENS, BENJAMIN H., and C. PETER RYDELL. "SPATIAL DEMAND THEORY AND MONOPOLY PRICE POLICY." Papers in Regional Science 17, no. 1 (January 14, 2005): 195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1435-5597.1966.tb01349.x.

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Guo, Yan, Xiaonan Hu, Zepeng Wang, Wei Tang, Deyu Liu, Yunzhong Luo, and Hongxiang Xu. "The butterfly effect in the price of agricultural products: A multidimensional spatial-temporal association mining." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 67, No. 11 (November 12, 2021): 457–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/128/2021-agricecon.

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With the advent of the era of big data, data mining methods show their powerful information mining ability in various fields, seeking the association information hidden in the data, which is convenient for people to make scientific decisions. This paper analyses the butterfly effect in the agricultural product industry chain from the perspective of producer and consumer by using multidimensional time and space theory and proposes a new price forecasting method. We consider that the price change of agricultural products is not only affected by the balance of market supply and demand but also by the factors of time and space. Taking the pig industry chain of Sichuan Province as an example, this paper explores and excavates the data from 2010 to 2020 in the time dimension. Interestingly, we found that the price changes in pork in the market are generally highly correlated with the prices of slaughtered pigs, piglets a few weeks ago and the prices of multiple feed a few months ago. Based on the precise time-space factors, we improved the price forecasting model, greatly improved the accuracy of price prediction, and proved the effectiveness of multidimensional spatiotemporal association mining. The research in this paper is helpful to establish a brand-new agricultural product price prediction theory, which is of great significance to the development of the agricultural economy and global poverty alleviation.
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DING, Chengri, and Yi NIU. "Which is Driver? Land Price or Housing Price: Examining the Urban Spatial Structure of Beijing." Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies 04, no. 03 (September 2016): 1650026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2345748116500263.

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This paper examines the spatial structure of Beijing to determine the relationship between land price and housing price. The purposes of the paper are two-fold. One is to help to better understand the roles in which land markets play in urban development and the other is to explain skyrocketing land prices, particularly in the first decade of the 21st century. It has been debated whether land supply is the main cause for skyrocketing land prices. This paper, however, concludes that it is housing price that drives up skyrocketing land prices. The analytical framework to draw the conclusion is to investigate urban spatial development patterns to see if they are consistent with the outcomes of urban model/theory in which land is treated as a production factor for housing and land demand is a derived demand. If the answer is yes, we can conclude the driving role of housing prices on land prices, even though we recognize the effect of land supply restrictions on land prices. So the paper first examines the urban spatial pattern of Beijing, with reference to urban economic model. And then the paper estimates the parameters of a CES-type housing production function. The paper conducts numerical simulation to illustrate how a small increase in housing prices will lead to big increases in land prices. The paper concludes (1) effective roles of price mechanism in land and urban development as manifested by relatively fast decay of land prices compared to housing prices, as expected according to urban theory; and (2) a 25% increase in housing price can lead to 50–125% increases in land prices, depending on the distance to city center. We believe that our finding has substantial policy implications in China.
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CHEN, Jieh-Haur, Chuan Fan ONG, Linzi ZHENG, and Shu-Chien HSU. "FORECASTING SPATIAL DYNAMICS OF THE HOUSING MARKET USING SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE." International Journal of Strategic Property Management 21, no. 3 (July 11, 2017): 273–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648715x.2016.1259190.

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This paper adopts a novel approach of Support Vector Machine (SVM) to forecast residential housing prices. as one type of machine learning algorithm, the proposed SVM encompasses a larger set of variables that are recognized as price-influencing and meanwhile enables recognizing the geographical pattern of housing price dynamics. The analytical framework consists of two steps. The first step is to identify the supporting vectors (SVs) to price variances using the stepwise multi-regression approach; and then it is to forecast the housing price variances by employing the SVs identified by the first step as well as other variables postulated by the hedonic price theory, where the housing prices in Taipei City are empirically examined to verify the designed framework. Results computed by nonparametric estimation confirm that the prediction power of using SVM in housing price forecasting is of high accuracy. Further studies are suggested to extract the geographical weights using kernel density estimates to reflect price responses to local quantiles of hedonic attributes.
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Hsu, Song-ken. "Simple monopoly price theory in a spatial market." Annals of Regional Science 40, no. 3 (May 24, 2006): 531–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00168-006-0075-5.

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Lan, Feng, and Ying Tian. "Study on Commodity Residential House Price Volatility of the Guanzhong Urban Agglomeration Using Spatial Econometric Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 638-640 (September 2014): 2436–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.638-640.2436.

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This paper was based on the theory of spatial econometric model. It selected the panel datas of the guanzhong urban agglomeration of five core cities from 1998 to 2012, and inspected the commodity residential house price if there is a space dependency relationship between the two cities. On the basis to analyze the main factors influencing the commodity residential house price volatility and research on the influence of the housing price direction. Results show that the sample is significant spatial correlation between urban housing prices. Xi 'an have great influence on regional cities housing price. The urban population, household disposable income, land acquisition costs, sales area are the main influence factors affecting housing price volatility.
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Muhammad Mohsin, Hasan, and Scott Gilbert. "The Relative City Price Convergence in Pakistan: Empirical Evidence from Spatial GLS." Pakistan Development Review 49, no. 4II (December 1, 2010): 439–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v49i4iipp.439-448.

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It is evident from general experience that price of same good may differ considerably among countries, regions, cities in same country and even adjacent shopping malls and outlets. It is also common knowledge that stronger competitive forces and information about market price tend to ensure convergence of prices. In the presence of these forces price differentials cannot be persistent and are hence short lived. The recent literature on price convergence has focused on country studies using regional commodity prices and Consumer Price Index (CPI) data.1 The analysis of relative prices or real exchange rates between regions or cities in a country has certain advantages in estimating Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) puzzle. There are no trade barriers and non tradable goods in a single country. Krugman and Obstfeld (2007) consider transportation costs, trade barriers and goods market segmentations as obstacles to hold international Ppp.Furthermore they mention that countries have different endowments, baskets of goods and consumption weights in their inflation index. So PPP may not hold even if there are no non tradable goods and barriers. The PPP theory is related to the law of one price through arbitrage of international goods. The estimation of real exchange rates among countries shows that the convergence towards PPP is very slow.2 This study attempts to use overall Consumer Price Index (CPI) data on 35 Pakistani cities from July 2001 to June 2008 to estimate relative city price convergence with Karachi and Lahore, two numeraire cities. The case of Pakistan is interesting primarily due to the following reasons.
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Huffaker, Ray, Garry Griffith, Charles Dambui, and Maurizio Canavari. "Empirical Detection and Quantification of Price Transmission in Endogenously Unstable Markets: The Case of the Global–Domestic Coffee Supply Chain in Papua New Guinea." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 16, 2021): 9172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169172.

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Price transmission through global–domestic agricultural supply chains is a fundamental indicator of domestic market efficiency and producer welfare. Conventional price-transmission econometrics test for a theory-based spatial-arbitrage restriction that long-run equilibrium prices in spatially distinct markets differ by no more than transaction costs. The conventional approach is ill-equipped to test for price transmission when endogenously unstable markets do not equilibrate due to systematic arbitrage-frustrating frictions including financial and institutional transaction costs and biophysical constraints. We propose a novel empirical framework using price data to test for market stability and price transmission along international-domestic supply chains incorporating nonlinear time series analysis and recently emerging causal-detection methods from empirical nonlinear dynamics. We apply the framework to map-out and quantify price transmission through the global-exporter–processor–producer coffee supply chain in Papua, New Guinea. We find empirical evidence of upstream price transmission from the global market to domestic exporters and processors, but not through to producers.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Spatial price theory"

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Iozzi, Alberto. "Essays on regulation : theory and practice." Thesis, University of York, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313959.

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Deak, C. "Rent theory and the price of urban land : Spatial organization in a capitalist economy." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355009.

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Kiefer, Hua. "Essays on applied spatial econometrics and housing economics." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1180467420.

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Liu, Xiaodong. "Econometrics on interactions-based models methods and applications /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1180283230.

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Milliez, Grégoire. "Raisonnement sur le contexte et les croyances pour l'interaction homme-robot." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016INPT0077/document.

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Les premiers robots sont apparus dans les usines, sous la forme d'automates programmables. Ces premières formes robotiques ont le plus souvent un nombre très limité de capteurs et se contentent de répéter une séquence de mouvements et d'actions. De nos jours, de plus en plus de robots ont à interagir ou coopérer avec l'homme, que se soit sur le lieu de travail avec les robots coéquipiers ou dans les foyers avec les robots d'assistance. Mettre un robot dans un environnement humain soulève de nombreuses problématiques. En effet, pour évoluer dans le même environnement que l'homme et comprendre cet environnement, le robot doit être doté de capacités cognitives appropriées. Au delà de la compréhension de l'environnement matériel, le robot doit être capable de raisonner sur partenaires humains afin de pouvoir collaborer avec eux ou les servir au mieux. Lorsque le robot interagit avec des humains, l'accomplissement de la tâche n'est pas un critère suffisant pour quantifier la qualité de l'interaction. En effet, l'homme étant un être social, il est important que le robot puisse avoir des mécanismes de raisonnement lui permettant d'estimer également l'état mental de l'homme pour améliorer sa compréhension et son efficacité, mais aussi pour exhiber des comportements sociaux afin de se faire accepter et d'assurer le confort de l'humain. Dans ce manuscrit, nous présentons tout d'abord une infrastructure logicielle générique (indépendante de la plateforme robotique et des capteurs utilisés) qui permet de construire et maintenir une représentation de l'état du monde à l'aide de l'agrégation des données d'entrée et d'hypothèses sur l'environnement. Cette infrastructure est également en charge de l'évaluation de la situation. En utilisant l'état du monde qu'il maintient à jour, le système est capable de mettre en oeuvre divers raisonnements spatio-temporels afin d'évaluer la situation de l'environnement et des agents (humains et robots) présents. Cela permet ainsi d'élaborer et de maintenir une représentation symbolique de l'état du monde et d'avoir une connaissance en permanence de la situation des agents. Dans un second temps, pour aller plus loin dans la compréhension de la situation des humains, nous expliquerons comment nous avons doté notre robot de la capacité connue en psychologie développementale et cognitive sous le nom de “théorie de l'esprit” concrétisée ici par des mécanismes permettant de raisonner en se mettant à la place de l'humain, c'est à dire d'être doté de “prise de perspective”. Par la suite nous expliquerons comment l'évaluation de la situation permet d'établir un dialogue situé avec l'homme, et en quoi la capacité de gérer explicitement des croyances divergentes permet d'améliorer la qualité de l'interaction et la compréhension de l'homme par le robot. Nous montrerons également comment la connaissance de la situation et la possibilité de raisonner en se mettant à la place de l'homme permet une reconnaissance d'intentions appropriée de celui-ci et comment nous avons pu grâce à cela doter notre robot de comportements proactifs pour venir en aide à l'homme . Pour finir, nous présenterons une étude présentant un système de maintien d'un modèle des connaissances de l'homme sur diverses tâches et qui permet une gestion adaptée de l'interaction lors de l'élaboration interactive et l'accomplissement d'un plan partagé
The first robots appeared in factories, in the form of programmable controllers. These first robotic forms usually had a very limited number of sensors and simply repeated a small set of sequences of motions and actions. Nowadays, more and more robots have to interact or cooperate with humans, whether at the workplace with teammate robots or at home with assistance robots. Introducing a robot in a human environment raises many challenges. Indeed, to evolve in the same environment as humans, and to understand this environment, the robot must be equipped with appropriate cognitive abilities. Beyond understanding the physical environment, the robot must be able to reason about human partners in order to work with them or serve them best. When the robot interacts with humans, the fulfillment of the task is not a sufficient criterion to quantify the quality of the interaction. Indeed, as the human is a social being, it is important that the robot can have reasoning mechanisms allowing it to assess the mental state of the human to improve his understanding and efficiency, but also to exhibit social behaviors in order to be accepted and to ensure the comfort of the human. In this manuscript, we first present a generic framework (independent of the robotic platform and sensors used) to build and maintain a representation of the state of the world by using the aggregation of data entry and hypotheses on the environment. This infrastructure is also in charge of assessing the situation. Using the state of the world it maintains, the system is able to utilize various spatio-temporal reasoning to assess the situation of the environment and the situation of the present agents (humans and robots). This allows the creation and maintenance of a symbolic representation of the state of the world and to keep awareness of each agent status. Second, to go further in understanding the situation of the humans, we will explain how we designed our robot with the capacity known in developmental and cognitive psychology as "theory of mind", embodied here by mechanisms allowing the system to reason by putting itself in the human situation, that is to be equipped with "perspective-taking" ability. Later we will explain how the assessment of the situation enables a situated dialogue with the human, and how the ability to explicitly manage conflicting beliefs can improve the quality of interaction and understanding of the human by the robot. We will also show how knowledge of the situation and the perspective taking ability allows proper recognition of human intentions and how we enhanced the robot with proactive behaviors to help the human. Finally, we present a study where a system maintains a human model of knowledge on various tasks to improve the management of the interaction during the interactive development and fulfillment of a shared plan
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Silva, Hércules do Nascimento. "Poliedros Regulares no Ensino Médio." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2014. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/8042.

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In this work we present a study of the regular polyhedra, comparing and discussing the concepts and de nitions given in the study of regular polyhedra in textbooks most widely used in Brazilian high schools. We prove the theorem of Euler, we calculate surface areas and volumes of regular polyhedra. Finally, we present some mathematical software that can be used by students and mathematics teachers in the spatial geometry classes as auxiliary material in the teaching and learning of this subject in the classroom.
Neste trabalho apresentamos um estudo sobre os poliedros regulares, comparando e discutindo os conceitos e as de nições que são dadas no estudo dos poliedros regulares nos livros didáticos mais utilizados nas escolas brasileiras de Ensino Médio. Provamos o teorema de Euler, calculamos áreas de superfícies e os volumes dos poliedros regulares. Por m, apresentamos alguns softwares matemáticos que podem ser utilizados pelos alunos e professores de Matemática nas aulas de geometria espacial como material auxiliar no processo de ensino e aprendizagem deste tema em sala de aula.
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Drochytka, Jan. "Vliv specifické lokality na cenu rezidenčního objektu na Brněnsku." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-413826.

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Araujo, Enciso, and René Sergio. "Economic Theory and Econometric Methods in Spatial Market Integration Analysis." Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-000D-EF41-B.

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Lin, Chien-Wen, and 林芊妏. "A Spatial Analysis of Land Price Based on the Hedonic Price Theory: With the Case Study of the Town House Real Estates in the Old CBD Area of Taichung City in 2008." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84650133547972060533.

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碩士
中國文化大學
地學研究所地理組碩士班
99
The Hedonic price theory has been extensively used to estimate housing prices. Therefore, this study aimed to apply the Hedonic price theory to estimate housing prices of town houses in East district, West district, South district, and North district of Taichung city. By reviewing the related researches, attributes could be selected which reflect the housing price. This research uses the housing market prices in 2008 as dependent variables, then, through the multiple regression analyses taking the usual linear form, semi-log form, inverse semi-log and double-log form to analyze, and understand the relationship between the housing prices and the variables, in order to reveal the importance factors in house prices. The results of the research can be concluded as followings： 1. In total price of house, the linear form (R²adj＝0.923) is better than semi-log form (R²adj＝0.832)、inverse semi-log form(R²adj＝0.763) and double-log form (R²adj＝0.858) in estimation. Environment variables are excluded in inverse semi-log form. 2. In the unit of housing price, the double-log form (R²adj＝0.669) is better than linear form (R²adj＝0.605)、semi-log form (R²adj＝0.590) and inverse semi-log form (R²adj＝0.631) in estimation. 3. In the other side, the attributes including floor space, the square footage, the housing age, the relation location to the street, the road width, in the West district or not, the distance to schools, and the distance to the new city hall center (New CBD) are significant factors to affect prices in both models. The most marked feature affects the total price and the unit price is the area of land.
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Books on the topic "Spatial price theory"

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Spatial price theory of imperfect competition. College Station: Texas A & M University Press, 1988.

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Harker, Patrick T., ed. Spatial Price Equilibrium: Advances in Theory, Computation and Application. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-46548-2.

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Tsai, Tzong-Rong. Wholesale price determination--an application of bargaining theory and spatial economics. Nankang, Taipei, Republic of China: Institute of Economics, Academia Sinica, 1988.

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1958-, Harker Patrick T., ed. Spatial price equilibrium: Advances in theory, computation, and application : papers presented at the Thirty-first North American Regional Science Association Meeting, held at Denver, Colorado, USA, November 1984. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1985.

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Theory of Spatial Pricing and Market Areas. Duke University Press, 1987.

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Spatial Price Equilibrium: Advances in Theory, Computation and Application. Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K, 1985.

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Harker, P. T. Spatial Price Equilibrium: Advances in Theory Computation and Applications (Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, Vol 249). Springer, 1985.

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Harker, Patrick T. Spatial Price Equilibrium : Advances in Theory, Computation and Application: Papers Presented at the Thirty-First North American Regional Science Association Meeting Held at Denver, Colorado, USA November 1984. Springer London, Limited, 2012.

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Dymski, Gary. Finance and Financial Systems: Evolving Geographies of Crisis and Instability. Edited by Gordon L. Clark, Maryann P. Feldman, Meric S. Gertler, and Dariusz Wójcik. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198755609.013.4.

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This chapter explores geographical approaches to financial systems, with special attention to their instability. After examining the foundational contributions that launched the geography of finance, the chapter summarizes spatial research on the global spread of innovative practices in finance. It then asks why so little attention was paid to macro-aspects of financial crises prior to September 2008. A review of geographers’ research of sub-prime lending and crisis finds that this work, extensive as it is in analyzing the microfoundational aspects of sub-prime lending and securitization, pays no attention to the macro-dimension of financial instability. This lacuna is shared with mainstream macroeconomics, which famously failed to see the sub-prime crisis coming. The chapter then explores economist Hyman Minsky’s macro-approach to financial instability and crisis. The chapter concludes by arguing that developing a spatial analysis of financial instability should be a high priority for the emerging geography of finance.
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Schlabach, Elizabeth Schroeder. Two Bronzeville Autobiographies. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037825.003.0004.

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This chapter turns to the rise and fame of Richard Wright and Gwendolyn Brooks through the genre of autobiography. Wright's Black Boy (American Hunger) and Gwendolyn Brooks' Report From Part One indicate these authors' awareness of spatial realities and how they transformed the city of fact into the city of feeling, into their writing. The chapter details the dialogue between Wright's and Brooks' fiction and their urban surroundings as residents and then as prize-winning authors. Through various literary and sociological projects, Wright and Brooks initiated an investigation of place, coherency, and consciousness in Chicago's flats, alleyways, blocks, and one-room kitchenette apartments.
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Book chapters on the topic "Spatial price theory"

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Beckmann, Martin J. "Spatial Price Policy." In Lectures on Location Theory, 21–44. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03762-1_3.

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Benson, Bruce L., Milton H. Marquis, and Douglas G. Sauer. "Spatial Price Theory and Market Delineation." In Does Economic Space Matter?, 316–34. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22906-2_17.

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van Kooten, G. Cornelis, and Craig M. T. Johnston. "Spatial price equilibrium trade modelling: theory." In International trade in forest products: lumber trade disputes, models and examples, 27–42. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789248234.0003.

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Abstract The theory of measuring economic welfare across horizontal and vertical chains is provided in this chapter. As demonstrated, it underlies the spatial price equilibrium (SPE) trade models. The vertical and horizontal chains involved in a particular trade model, referred to as the REPA model, are described as an illustration.
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van Kooten, G. Cornelis, and Craig M. T. Johnston. "Spatial price equilibrium trade modelling: theory." In International trade in forest products: lumber trade disputes, models and examples, 27–42. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789248234.0027.

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Abstract The theory of measuring economic welfare across horizontal and vertical chains is provided in this chapter. As demonstrated, it underlies the spatial price equilibrium (SPE) trade models. The vertical and horizontal chains involved in a particular trade model, referred to as the REPA model, are described as an illustration.
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Mokhtarzadeh, Fatemeh, and G. Cornelis van Kooten. "Economic analysis of a softwood lumber quota regime and a policy to subsidize biomass generation of electricity." In International trade in forest products: lumber trade disputes, models and examples, 83–109. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789248234.0005.

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Abstract The REPA spatial price equilibrium model developed in Chapter 4 is used to investigate the regional welfare impacts of a quota on exports of Canadian softwood lumber to the U.S. In the model, Canada is divided into seven regions and the U.S. into five regions, with the rest of the world constituting a 13th region; the model is calibrated to the bilateral trade flows that existed in 2016 when there was free trade in lumber. Various quota levels are examined in terms of their impact on producers and consumers in both countries. Canadian producers are found to be better off with a hard quota compared with free trade, although the quota leads to a reduction in market share while driving a wedge between Canadian and U.S. prices, both of which are aggravated with harder quotas. Overall, the loss of export sales to the U.S. is not recouped with sales to the rest of the world. The REPA model is also used to examine the impact of EU demand for wood pellets to generate electricity. Results indicate that pellet prices will approximately double.
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Mokhtarzadeh, Fatemeh, and G. Cornelis van Kooten. "Economic analysis of a softwood lumber quota regime and a policy to subsidize biomass generation of electricity." In International trade in forest products: lumber trade disputes, models and examples, 83–109. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789248234.0083.

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Abstract The REPA spatial price equilibrium model developed in Chapter 4 is used to investigate the regional welfare impacts of a quota on exports of Canadian softwood lumber to the U.S. In the model, Canada is divided into seven regions and the U.S. into five regions, with the rest of the world constituting a 13th region; the model is calibrated to the bilateral trade flows that existed in 2016 when there was free trade in lumber. Various quota levels are examined in terms of their impact on producers and consumers in both countries. Canadian producers are found to be better off with a hard quota compared with free trade, although the quota leads to a reduction in market share while driving a wedge between Canadian and U.S. prices, both of which are aggravated with harder quotas. Overall, the loss of export sales to the U.S. is not recouped with sales to the rest of the world. The REPA model is also used to examine the impact of EU demand for wood pellets to generate electricity. Results indicate that pellet prices will approximately double.
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Scerrati, Elisa, Cristina Iani, and Sandro Rubichi. "Does the Activation of Motor Information Affect Semantic Processing?" In Language, Cognition, and Mind, 153–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69823-2_7.

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AbstractSeveral behavioral studies show that semantic content influences reach-to-grasp movement responses. However, not much is known about the influence of motor activation on semantic processing. The present study aimed at filling this gap by examining the influence of pre-activated motor information on a subsequent lexical decision task. Participants were instructed to observe a prime object (e.g., the image of a frying pan) and then judge whether the following target was a known word in the lexicon or not. They were required to make a keypress response to target words describing properties either relevant (e.g., handle) or irrelevant (e.g., ceramic) for action or unrelated to the prime object (e.g., eyelash). Response key could be located on the same side as the depicted action-relevant property of the prime object (i.e., spatially compatible key) or on the opposite side (i.e., spatially incompatible key). Results showed a facilitation in terms of lower percentage errors when the target word was action-relevant (e.g., handle) and there was spatial compatibility between the orientation of the action-relevant component of the prime object and the response. This preliminary finding suggests that the activation of motor information may affect semantic processing. We discuss implications of these results for current theories of action knowledge representation.
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Dessertine, Anna. "Spatializing Social Change: Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining in Upper Guinea." In Methodological Approaches to Societies in Transformation, 213–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65067-4_9.

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AbstractThis chapter proposes a spatial perspective on the analysis of social change in the making via a study of artisanal and small-scale gold-mining sites in Guinea based on twenty-two months of fieldwork between 2011 and 2019 in the region of Upper Guinea, where increasing numbers of inhabitants have been circulating between artisanal and small-scale mining sites to search for gold since the price of gold rose between 2008 and 2012. The chapter starts by discussing artisanal and small-scale mining spaces through the notion of hotspots of transition, insisting on their liminal character. This liminality is analyzed as a spatial framework in which new opportunities emerge regarding gender—women’s adoption of what is considered masculine behavior, for instance—and where instantaneity is more privileged than continuity in some actions, such as those associated with consumption. More generally, it shows how the potential for change in artisanal and small-scale mining spaces is closely linked to their ephemeral nature. The relationship between space and temporality is more explicitly discussed in the second part of the chapter, which explores how the ephemerality of artisanal and small-scale mining spaces has recently been challenged by the Guinean government’s move to control mining mobility and fix mining sites spatially by delimiting legal mining territories. Since 2015–2016, multiple military operations have been conducted to expel miners from land for which the Guinean State has given industrial companies legal permits to prospect for and mine gold. This part of the chapter analyzes the socio-spatial consequences of this situation and shows that perceptions of time and of social change are constructed by the forms that space take.
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Vassilopoulos, Philippe, and Elies Lahmar. "The Trading of Electricity." In The Palgrave Handbook of International Energy Economics, 407–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86884-0_22.

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AbstractAfter having introduced the theoretical foundations of electricity markets and some of the main design features such as marginal pricing of electricity, spatial distribution of electricity prices and the question of system adequacy, the authors discuss how they function in practice. After a description of the functioning of wholesale electricity markets with a focus on the derivatives and the spot market, the authors analyse their main features such as trading venues, traded products, rules and the processes but also some key trends that can be observed. Going forward, with the energy transition, electricity systems around the world are undergoing nascent but profound changes as market architecture and regulatory framework evolve to meet ambitious climate targets while maintaining efficient investment incentives and security of supply. The authors highlight the need to identify the future requirements of the power system and align them with global policy objectives in order to adapt and enhance the way electricity markets generate social welfare.
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Elío, Javier, Marina Georgati, Henning S. Hansen, and Carsten Keßler. "Migration Studies with a Compositional Data Approach: A Case Study of Population Structure in the Capital Region of Denmark." In Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2022 Workshops, 576–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10545-6_39.

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AbstractComputing percentages or proportions for removing the influence of population density has recently gained popularity, as it offers a deep insight into compositional variability. However, data are constrained to a constant sum and therefore are not independent observations, a fundamental limitation for applying standard multivariate statistical tools. Compositional Data (CoDa) techniques address the issue of standard statistical tools being insufficient for the analysis of closed data (i.e., spurious correlations, predictions outside the range, and sub-compositional incoherence) but they are not widely used in the field of population geography. Hence, in this article, we present a case study where we analyse at parish level the spatial distribution of Danes, Western migrants and non-Western migrants in the Capital region of Denmark. By applying CoDa techniques, we have been able to identify the spatial population segregation in the area and we have recognised patterns in the distribution of various demographic groups that can be used for interpreting housing prices variations. Our exercise is a basic example of the potentials of CoDa techniques which generate more robust and reliable results than standard statistical procedures in order to interpret the relations among various demographic groups. It can be further generalised to other population datasets with more complex structures.
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Conference papers on the topic "Spatial price theory"

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Holzerová, Patrícia. "Determining the Product Price of Duopolist Considering His Limited Offer and Different Demands of Nodes." In EDAMBA 2021 : 24th International Scientific Conference for Doctoral Students and Post-Doctoral Scholars. University of Economics in Bratislava, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53465/edamba.2021.9788022549301.176-185.

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Game theory, and its specific area – spatial games, deal with the behavior of competitors. Spatial games focus on analyzing imperfect competition from a spatial point of view and the competitors represent companies operating in the market with the aim to attract customers and find the best location for their branch. Each company applies its own pricing policy, which affects its market share. In this article we present formulation and solution of a specific spatial game of two players who decide on the locations of their branches in space and want to maximize their revenues. The space is characterized by a graph, where location of customers and possible places of service represent its nodes. Customers choose one of the companies based on their total costs, consisting of the price of the product and shipping costs. The service in each of the nodes must be performed by either one or the other player. Such a situation can be analyzed using zero-sum games. The article presents the issue of determining the price of one player, based on a predetermined price of the opponent, to have player's revenues as high as possible. The game considers limited offer of the first player and different demands in each of the nodes.
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"SPATIAL BEHAVIOR OF PRICES FOR FOOD PRODUCTS IN THE FAR EAST OF RUSSIA IN THE CONDITIONS OF FUNCTIONING OF TASED." In CONTEMPORARY ECONOMIC PROBLEMS OF RUSSIA AND CHINA. Amur State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/medprh.10.

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The article presents the results of assessing the level of spatial differentiation of prices for 10 food products in the Far East in the context of the functioning of the PSEDA. A comparative assessment of the levels of spatial price differentiation before and after the creation of TASED is carried out. It is concluded that there is no significant impact of the new institutional regime on the volatility of food prices in the Far East.
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Canoglu, Ergun, Elsa Garmire, I. Lahiri, D. D. Nolte, and M. R. Melloch. "Pre-illumination to Control The Active Trap Density in a Semi-Insulating MQW Device." In Spatial Light Modulators. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/slmo.1997.smc.4.

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Semiconductor photorefractive quantum well devices are prime candidates for high speed real-time image processing applications because of their high speed, small thickness and large electro-optic nonlinearities1,2,3. When used in the Stark geometry, where a field is applied perpendicular to MQW layers, the optical nonlinearity arises from longitudinal field screening in the illuminated areas. Lateral spatial modulation of the field screening is translated to lateral spatial modulation of refractive index and absorption by the quantum confined Stark effect. Device performance is characterized by spatial resolution and sensitivity, both of which strongly depend on carrier transport. The spatial resolution decreases with increased lateral carrier transport4,5, while the sensitivity increases with increased longitudinal transport. Highly trapping materials have been successfully used to increase the device resolution down to 5-7 μm6,7.
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Clauss, Günther F., Sven Stuppe, and Matthias Dudek. "Transient Wave Packets: New Application in CFD-Methods." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-24104.

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Detailed knowledge of motion and seakeeping behaviour in an early design stage is indispensable in modern layout of marine offshore structures. Therefore, numerical methods are used to calculate the Response Amplitude Operators (RAO), which are generally based on potential theory or the Reynolds-Averaged-Navier-Stokes-Equation (RANSE). Calculations with potential-codes are commonly used, well established and time-saving. Main disadvantages are the neglect of viscous effects and the hull structure above the still water level. By using RANSE-methods, these nonlinear effects can be investigated in detail, but at the price of calculation time and extensive grid generation. To achieve sufficient RAOs in frequency domain, time-consuming and intensive calculations would be necessary with these CFD-methods, using seastate applications with regular or irregular waves only. Therefore, these methods are not convenient for standard motion analysis by now. Transient Wave Packets (TWP) represent an approved method at model tests, revealing the entire RAO for any offshore structure within one single, short test run. Main advantage of this technique is the accurate predictability and short superposition in space and time. Containing all elementary wavelengths of the generated initial wave spectra, the TWP-method could be used in RANSE-methods, implementing all necessary initial conditions to the CFD-solver. To reduce the calculation effort to a minimum in space and time, the superimposed wave train is generated near the investigated offshore structure by using modified, linear wave theory in spatial domain. To present this method by means of a practical example, the motion and sloshing behaviour of an offshore LNG-carrier (LNGC) are investigated in detail. For validation purpose, all results are compared to model tests, conducted in the seakeeping basin at Technische Universität Berlin (TUB), as well as numerical results of the potential theory solver WAMIT.
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"The prices of apartments in Moscow in 2002 and their spatial distribution." In 10th European Real Estate Society Conference: ERES Conference 2003. ERES, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres2003_277.

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Mika, Monika, Monika Siejka, and Przemysław Len. "Analysis of the Influence of Properties Management in the Region on the Transaction Prices Level of Unbuilt Land Properties – Case Study." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.219.

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This article presents the results of analysis of the influence of selected economic, legal and environmental factors on the level of transaction prices of unbuilt land properties, in two randomly selected districts of the southern Poland. The results of the research allowed extraction of a group of factors influencing the spatial distribution of the average prices of the surveyed properties. They gave also the answer to the question about the extent to which the unit prices are confirmed by the state of properties management in the region. An analysis of the existing state in the selected region based on the analysis of the local market was performed. Furthermore, the conformity of local plans for the studied areas was examined, as well as an analysis of spatio-temporal distribution of transaction prices of real estate was performed. The research has shown that the level of transaction prices on the local real estate markets is related to the real estate management of the surveyed areas. The state of the economy is affected by many factors, most important of which seems to be the location in relation to urban areas and the condition of the access roads. The undertaken tests correspond with the directions of the world research.
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Pfeifer, Norbert, and Miriam Steurer. "Stabilizing Geo-Spatial Splines with Helperpoints – How to Estimate Smooth Price Surfaces when there are Data Gaps." In 28th Annual European Real Estate Society Conference. European Real Estate Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres2022_101.

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Guerrero Balarezo, Maria Laura, and Kayvan Karimi. "Urban Art and place. Spatial patterns of urban art and their contribution to urban regeneration." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6069.

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Cities face several challenges regarding public space and urban regeneration. Some of them are the depersonalization and lack of interest of citizens in their own city, privatization, gentrification, technologization and gender-insecurity. Public spaces lose their character as articulator and generator of human relations, while neighborhoods lose their role as the basic unity of community and urban identity. Nowadays, many bottom-up strategies have arisen as expressions of neighborhood’s inhabitant’s will, producing cultural diversity and civic engagement, with a placemaking effect. Urban art is one of them. Social and economic products of urban art have been studied, but the spatial manifestation and impact have been largely absent from the discourse of urban morphology. Spatial conditions are representational of social practices like art, by structuring patterns of movement, encounter and separation in the city (Cartiere & Zebracki, 2016). This study aims to discover the spatial relation between urban art displays and the network of public spaces, and whether this pattern has a role in neighborhood regeneration. To identify these relations in Shoreditch, London, Space Syntax analysis and spatial clustering were used, combined with a survey of geographically located public urban art (extracted from social networks data). Also, the spatial patterns of land prices and land uses from 1995 to 2016 were examined. Research showed that various types of artwork have a strong relation with certain spatial network characteristics and visibility of locations from each other. Economic and use outcomes were also related to the development of the art pattern through the years.
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Butryn, Krzysztof, and Edward Prewedausz. "The Primary Market of Parking Places against the Background of the Primary Housing Market and Planning Policy on the Example of Krakow." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.178.

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A decision taken on the primary market of real estate in parallel with the decision to purchase a dwelling, it is often the purchase of a parking space. As part of this work there were presented forms of providing space for parking, mostly encountered in practice. In the following, there were carried out the characterization of the primary market of parking spaces on the example of Krakow. There was made an attempt to indicate the potential attributes of price-setting for the valuation of the unit value of the discussed objects. Studies have shown that the price of parking spaces are formed in a different way than the market for residential and largely depend on individual factors, dependent on the sales policy developers. There were also indicated the difficulties that meets a real estate appraiser, whose task is to measure the market value of the parking space. The analysis also included the resolutions of existing planning documents in shaping the requirements for the number of parking spaces for multi-family residential areas in Krakow. Overview of planning documents from the Krakow, points to trends in the rules of applicable local spatial management plans in relation to the required number of parking spaces for newly established housing investment. At the same time in most parts of the city there is no planning guidelines regarding the subject matter.
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Drápela, Emil. "Spatial differentiation of housing construction in Czechia: Towards Florida's new urban crisis?" In XXIII. mezinárodní kolokvium o regionálních vědách / 23rd International Colloquium on Regional Sciences. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9610-2020-33.

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Since the 1990s, there has been an increase in interregional differences in housing prices in Czechia. These differences largely depend on the size and economic strength of the municipality or regional centre, but there exist also differences between regions. The article uses the indicator of housing construction intensity (HCI) for the twenty-two-year period 1997-2018 per 1 km2, which is processed at the level of municipalities using spatial autocorrelation (Anselin Local Moran's I) and hotspot analysis (Getis-Ord Gi*), and presented in GIS. By comparing the results of both methods it was found that the interregional differences in the popularity of the Czech regions are significantly influenced by their distance to the main economic centres. On the contrary, the hypothesis that some regions with a worse environment, a higher share of the socially weak population and a low supply of above-average jobs will be the cause of the negative push effect has not been confirmed. In discussion, the current situation is compared with Richard Florida's concept of “New Urban Crisis”, to which arrival in Czechia it indirectly points to, although the initial conditions in Czechia are significantly different than in the US.
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