Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Spatial precoding'

ITC/USA 2015 Conference Proceedings / The Fifty-First Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 26-29, 2015 / Bally's Hotel & Convention Center, Las Vegas, NV
Spatial modulation (SM) reduces transceiver complexity and inter-channel interference over traditional multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems. It has been shown recently in the literature that the use of a precoder in an SM or a generalized spatial modulation (GSM) system can significantly improve error performance. This paper investigates two issues related to precoders: 1) the use of a precoder in Alamouti-GSM systems, and 2) the effects of power constraints on the precoder design. The results in this paper show that Alamouti-GSM can improve system performance by several dB. On power constraint issues, the paper shows that there is a trade-off between limiting antenna power fluctuations and the potential gain due to precoders.

This dissertation focuses on downlink multi-antenna transmission with packet scheduling in a wireless packet data network. The topic is viewed as a critical system design problem for future high-speed packet networks requiring extremely high spectral efficiency. Our aim is to illustrate the interaction between transmission schemes at the physical layer and scheduling algorithms at the medium access control (MAC) layer from a sum-capacity perspective. Various roles of multiple antennas are studied under channel-aware scheduling, including diversity, beamforming and spatial multiplexing. At a system performance level, our work shows that downlink throughput can be optimized by joint precoding across multiple transmit antennas and exploiting small-scale fading of distributed multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) channels. There are three major results in this dissertation. First, it is shown that over a MIMO Gaussian broadcast channel, and under channel-aware scheduling, open-loop transmit antenna diversity actually reduces the achievable sum rate. This reveals a negative interaction between open-loop antenna diversity and the closed-loop multiuser diversity through scheduling. Second, a suboptimal dirty paper coding (DPC) approach benefits greatly from multiuser diversity by an efficient packet scheduling algorithm. Performance analysis of a suboptimal greedy scheduling algorithm indicates that, compared with the receiver-centric V-BLAST method, it can achieve a much larger scheduling gain over a distributed MIMO channel. Further, pre-interference cancellation allows for transmissions free of error propagation. A practical solution, termed Tomlinson-Harashima precoding (THP), is studied under this suboptimal scheduling algorithm. Similar to V-BLAST, a reordering is applied to minimize the average error rate, which introduces only a negligible sum-rate loss in the scenarios investigated. Third, for an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system using MIMO precoding, it is shown that a DPC-based approach is readily applicable and can be easily generalized to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio (PAR) up to 5 dB without affecting the receiver design. Simulations show that in an interference-limited multi-cell scenario, greater performance improvement can be achieved by interference avoidance through adaptive packet scheduling, rather than by interference diversity or averaging alone. These findings suggest that, coordinated with channel-aware scheduling, adaptive multiplexing in both spatial and frequency domains provides an attractive downlink solution from a total capacity point of view.
Ph. D.

In this thesis we investigate the effects of the physical constraints such as antenna aperture size, antenna geometry and non-isotropic scattering distribution parameters (angle of arrival/departure and angular spread) on the performance of coherent and non-coherent space-time coded wireless communication systems. First, we derive analytical expressions for the exact pairwise error probability (PEP) and PEP upper-bound of coherent and non-coherent space-time coded systems operating over spatially correlated fading channels using a moment-generating function-based approach. These analytical expressions account for antenna spacing, antenna geometries and scattering distribution models. Using these new PEP expressions, the degree of the effect of antenna spacing, antenna geometry and angular spread is quantified on the diversity advantage (robustness) given by a space-time code. It is shown that the number of antennas that can be employed in a fixed antenna aperture without diminishing the diversity advantage of a space-time code is determined by the size of the antenna aperture, antenna geometry and the richness of the scattering environment. ¶ In realistic channel environments the performance of space-time coded multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) systems is significantly reduced due to non-ideal antenna placement and non-isotropic scattering. In this thesis, by exploiting the spatial dimension of a MIMO channel we introduce the novel use of linear spatial precoding (or power-loading) based on fixed and known parameters of MIMO channels to ameliorate the effects of non-ideal antenna placement on the performance of coherent and non-coherent space-time codes. The spatial precoder virtually arranges the antennas into an optimal configuration so that the spatial correlation between all antenna elements is minimum. With this design, the precoder is fixed for fixed antenna placement and the transmitter does not require any feedback of channel state information (partial or full) from the receiver. We also derive precoding schemes to exploit non-isotropic scattering distribution parameters of the scattering channel to improve the performance of space-time codes applied on MIMO systems in non-isotropic scattering environments. However, these schemes require the receiver to estimate the non-isotropic parameters and feed them back to the transmitter. ¶ The idea of precoding based on fixed parameters of MIMO channels is extended to maximize the capacity of spatially constrained dense antenna arrays. It is shown that the theoretical maximum capacity available from a fixed region of space can be achieved by power loading based on previously unutilized channel state information contained in the antenna locations. We analyzed the correlation between different modal orders generated at the transmitter region due to spatially constrained antenna arrays in non-isotropic scattering environments, and showed that adjacent modes contribute to higher correlation at the transmitter region. Based on this result, a power loading scheme is proposed which reduces the effects of correlation between adjacent modes at the transmitter region by nulling power onto adjacent transmit modes. ¶ Furthermore, in this thesis a general space-time channel model for down-link transmission in a mobile multiple antenna communication system is developed. The model incorporates deterministic quantities such as physical antenna positions and the motion of the mobile unit (velocity and the direction), and random quantities to capture random scattering environment modeled using a bi-angular power distribution and, in the simplest case, the covariance between transmit and receive angles which captures statistical interdependency. The Kronecker model is shown to be a special case when the power distribution is separable and is shown to overestimate MIMO system performance whenever there is more than one scattering cluster. Expressions for space-time cross correlations and space-frequency cross spectra are given for a number of scattering distributions using Gaussian and Morgenstern's family of multivariate distributions. These new expressions extend the classical Jake's and Clarke's correlation models to general non-isotropic scattering environments.

The interest in wireless communications among consumers has exploded since the introduction of the "3G" cell phone standards. One reason for their success is the increasingly higher data rates achievable through the networks. A further increase in data rates is possible through the use of multiple antennas at either or both sides of the wireless links. Precoding and receive filtering using matrices obtained from a singular value decomposition (SVD) of the channel matrix is a transmission strategy for achieving the channel capacity of a deterministic narrowband multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications channel. When signalling over wideband channels using orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM), an SVD must be performed for every sub-carrier. As the number of sub-carriers of this traditional approach grow large, so does the computational load. It is therefore interesting to study alternate means for obtaining the decomposition. A wideband MIMO channel can be modeled as a matrix filter with a finite impulse response, represented by a polynomial matrix. This thesis is concerned with investigating algorithms which decompose the polynomial channel matrix directly. The resulting decomposition factors can then be used to obtain the sub-carrier based precoding and receive filtering matrices. Existing approximative polynomial matrix QR and singular value decomposition algorithms were modified, and studied in terms of decomposition quality and computational complexity. The decomposition algorithms were shown to give decompositions of good quality, but if the goal is to obtain precoding and receive filtering matrices, the computational load is prohibitive for channels with long impulse responses. Two algorithms for performing exact rational decompositions (QRD/SVD) of polynomial matrices were proposed and analyzed. Although they for simple cases resulted in excellent decompositions, issues with numerical stability of a spectral factorization step renders the algorithms in their current form purposeless. For a MIMO channel with exponentially decaying power-delay profile, the sum rates achieved by employing the filters given from the approximative polynomial SVD algorithm were compared to the channel capacity. It was shown that if the symbol streams were decoded independently, as done in the traditional approach, the sum rates were sensitive to errors in the decomposition. A receiver with a spatially joint detector achieved sum rates close to the channel capacity, but with such a receiver the low complexity detector set-up of the traditional approach is lost. Summarizing, this thesis has shown that a wideband MIMO channel can be diagonalized in space and frequency using OFDM in conjunction with an approximative polynomial SVD algorithm. In order to reach sum rates close to the capacity of a simple channel, the computational load becomes restraining compared to the traditional approach, for channels with long impulse responses.

Mestrado em Engenharia Eletrónica e Telecomunicações
The main goal of this dissertation is the development and evaluation of new techniques to be used in new generation of wireless comunication devices. It focuses on the usage of multiple antennas (MIMO), precoding and the usage of spatial multiplexing in disregard of diversity techniques. This makes possible to increase data rates considerably. Throughout the document, are shown several multiplexing techniques, theoretical information about wireless propagation, and multiple antennas techniques. It was proposed and implemented a spatial multiplexing system. Firstly it was implemented in Matlab, with two precoders tested: Zero Forcing (ZF) and Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE). Subsequently a System Generator implementation (this time with only ZF equalizer) was made in order to make possible the migration to FPGAs. Both implementations were tested and validated, we also concluded that ZF based pre-coder had a lower Bit Error Rate for the same Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR).
O tema central deste trabalho de dissertação centra-se no desenvolvimento e teste de novas técnicas para utilização em comunicações sem-fios de nova geração. Foca-se no uso de várias antenas, técnicas de pré-codificação e no uso de multiplexagem espacial em detrimento de diversidade, de forma a aumentar a largura de banda. Ao longo do documento são apresentadas várias técnicas de multiplexagem, bem como bases teóricas de propagação de sinais rádio e técnicas baseadas no uso de várias antenas no emissor e recetor (MIMO). Foi proposto um sistema de pré-codificação baseado em diversidade espacial. A implementação e teste do bloco pré-codificador SMMIMO foi realizada em primeiro lugar usando um simulador Matlab para efeito de comparação. Foram implementados dois equalizadores: Zero Forcing (ZF) e Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE); posteriormente procedeu-se à implementação em System Generator de um pré-codificador com equalização ZF, de forma a ser possível a sua implementação em FPGAs. Esta implementação foi igualmente validada por comparação com o bloco implementado em Matlab.

Abstract This thesis concentrates on the design and evaluation of spatial user multiplexing methods via linear transmit-receive processing for wireless cellular multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems operating in the time-division duplexing (TDD) mode. The main focus is on the acquisition of effective channel state information (CSI) that facilitates decentralized processing so that the network nodes – base stations (BS) and user terminals (UT), each employing an arbitrary number of antenna elements – are able to locally participate in the network adaptation. The proposed methods rely on the uplink-downlink channel reciprocity and spatially precoded over-the-air pilot signaling. Considering (single-cell) multi-user MIMO systems, coordinated zero-forcing transmit-receive processing schemes for the uplink (UL) are proposed. The BS computes the transmission parameters in a centralized manner and employs downlink (DL) pilot signals to convey the information of the beamformers to be used by the UTs. When coexisting with the DL zero-forcing, the precoded DL demodulation pilots can be reused for UL beam allocation, and the precoded UL demodulation pilots are reused in turn for partial channel sounding (CS). As a result, only the precoded pilot symbols are needed in both UL and DL. Moreover, a concept for reducing the number of the required orthogonal UL CS pilot resources is presented. Based on their DL channel knowledge, the multi-antenna UTs form fewer pilot beams by spatial precoding than conventionally needed when transmitting antenna-specific pilots. In the context of DL zero-forcing, when taking into account the CSI estimation error at the BS, the overhead reduction turns out to improve robustness and increase the average system capacity. Considering multi-cell multi-user MIMO systems, decentralized coordinated DL beamforming strategies based on weighted sum rate (WSR) maximization are proposed. An optimization framework where the WSR maximization is carried out via weighted sum mean-squared-error minimization is utilized, and the approach is generalized by employing antenna-specific transmit power constraints. The iterative processing consists of optimization steps that are run locally by the BSs. In one novel strategy, the coordinating cells update their transmit precoders and receivers one cell at a time, which guarantees monotonic convergence of the network-wide problem. The strategy employs separate uplink CS and busy burst pilot signaling to reveal the effective channels of the UTs to the neighboring BSs. In another novel strategy, the monotonic convergence is sacrificed to devise a faster scheme where the BSs are allowed to optimize their variables in parallel based on just the CS responses and additional low-rate backhaul information exchange. The numerical results demonstrate that WSR maximization has the desirable property that spatial user scheduling is carried out implicitly. Finally, methods for UL CS overhead reduction are presented, and the effect of CSI uncertainty is addressed
Tiivistelmä Tämä väitöskirja keskittyy lineaarisella lähetys- ja vastaanottoprosessoinnilla toteutettavien tilajakomonikäyttömenetelmien suunnitteluun ja arviointiin langattomissa moniantennisissa solukkoverkoissa, jotka hyödyntävät aikajakodupleksointia (TDD). Erityisesti tarkastellaan efektiivisen kanavatiedon hankintaa, joka mahdollistaa hajautetun prosessoinnin siten että verkkoelementit – tukiasemat ja terminaalit, jotka kukin hyödyntävät useaa antennielementtiä – voivat osallistua paikallisesti verkon adaptaatioon. Esitetyt menetelmät perustuvat ylä- ja alalinkin kanavien resiprookkisuuteen ja tilatasossa esikoodattuun opetus- eli pilottisignalointiin ilmarajapinnan yli. Yksisoluisille monikäyttäjä- ja moniantennijärjestelmille esitetään ylälinkin koordinoituja nollaanpakottavia lähetys- ja vastaanottomenetelmiä. Tukiasema laskee lähetysparametrit keskitetysti ja käyttää pilottisignaaleja kertomaan millaista lähetyskeilanmuodostusta terminaalien tulee käyttää. Alalinkin nollaanpakotuksen yhteydessä esikoodattuja demodulaatiopilotteja voidaan uudelleenkäyttää ylälinkin lähetyskeilojen allokointiin, ja esikoodattuja ylälinkin demodulaatiopilotteja uudelleenkäytetään puolestaan osittaiseen kanavan luotaukseen (sounding). Näin ollen molempiin suuntiin tarvitaan vain esikoodatut pilotit. Lisäksi työssä esitetään menetelmä ylälinkin luotauspilottiresurssitarpeen vähentämiseksi. Kanavatietoon perustuen moniantenniset terminaalit muodostavat tilatasossa esikoodattuja pilottilähetyskeiloja, joita tarvitaan vähemmän kuin perinteisiä antennikohtaisia pilotteja. Kun otetaan huomioon kanavanestimointivirhe tukiasemassa, resurssiensäästömenetelmä parantaa häiriösietoisuutta ja nostaa järjestelmän keskimääräistä kapasiteettia alalinkin nollaanpakotuksen yhteydessä. Monisoluisille monikäyttäjä- ja moniantennijärjestelmille esitetään hajautettuja koordinoituja alalinkin keilanmuodostusstrategioita, jotka perustuvat painotetun summadatanopeuden (WSR) maksimointiin. Valitussa optimointikehyksessä WSR:n maksimointi toteutetaan painotetun summaneliövirheen minimoinnin kautta, ja työssä menettelytapa yleistetään antennikohtaisten lähetystehorajoitusten tapaukseen. Iteratiivinen prosessointi koostuu optimointiaskelista, jotka tukiasemat paikallisesti suorittavat. Yhdessä esitetyssä strategiassa yhteistoiminnalliset solut päivittävät lähettimensä ja vastaanottimensa yksi solu kerrallaan, mikä takaa verkonlaajuisen ongelmanratkaisun monotonisen konvergenssin. Tämä strategia käyttää erillisiä ylälinkin luotaussignaaleja sekä varattu-signaaleja ilmaistakseen terminaalien efektiiviset kanavat naapuritukiasemille. Toisessa strategiassa monotoninen konvergenssi uhrataan ja kehitetään nopeammin adaptoituva menetelmä, jossa tukiasemat saavat optimoida muuttujansa rinnakkain, perustuen vain luotaussignaaleihin ja tukiasemien väliseen informaationvaihtoon. Numeeriset tulokset osoittavat, että WSR:n maksimointi toteuttaa aktiivisten käyttäjien valinnan tilatasossa implisiittisesti. Lopuksi esitetään menetelmiä luotauspilottiresurssitarpeen vähentämiseksi ja käsitellään kanavatiedon epävarmuuden vaikutusta

Les réseaux radio actuelles utilisent le spectre inefficacement, car une bande de fréquence est allouée de façon permanente à une technologie spécifique. Vu que le spectre est une ressource limitée, cette attribution statique ne pourra bientôt plus combler les besoins des systèmes de transmission qui ne cessent de croître. On peut toutefois optimiser l'utilisation du spectre en permettant des transmissions secondaires (SU) dans les espaces libres du primaire (PU). Cette vision constitue l'objectif principal de la radio cognitive. Nous proposons d'évaluer les stratégies de transmission pour la coexistence des systèmes primaires (PU) et SU dans les mêmes réseaux. Plus concrètement, nous nous focalisons sur un scénario spatial interweave en émettant les signaux SU dans les espaces vides du PU à l'aide d'un précodeur linéaire. Néanmoins, ce précodage nécessite une connaissance a priori des canaux interférents. L'échange d'informations entre le PU et le SU étant proscrit, nous exploitons l'hypothèse de la réciprocité du canal. Cette hypothèse compense l'absence de coopération, mais elle n'est pas si évidente à exploiter en pratique à cause des perturbations des circuits radio fréquence. Nous suggérons de compenser ces perturbations par des méthodes de calibration relative. Nous proposons ensuite une implémentation temps-réel des solutions sur une plateforme LTE. Pour finir, nous généralisons l'approche RC à un système de transmission multi-utilisateurs, à travers une combinaison des techniques RC et massive MIMO, cette approche constitue s'établit comme une solution à la progression exponentielle du trafic.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
電信工程學研究所
102
In this thesis, we proposed a beamforming-based spatial precoding scheme in frequency division duplex (FDD) massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems in order to reduce the downlink training overhead and channel state information (CSI) feedback overhead. When the number of transmit antennas on a base station (BS) is growing large in massive MIMO systems, the downlink training overhead for CSI estimation and the CSI feedback overhead is growing tremendously. This problem would be more critical when we combine orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) with massive MIMO for applying frequency-flat channel in each subcarrier. The proposed method reduces the downlink training overhead and the CSI feedback overhead, thus enhances spectral efficiency. Simulation results show that the proposed method can estimate CSI without heavy downlink training overhead and the CSI feedback overhead is significantly reduced. Furthermore, the proposed method also applies lower computation complexity comparing with other algorithms in recent literature.

碩士
國立暨南國際大學
通訊工程研究所
99
This thesis presents an efficient method for calculating the Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI), Rank Indicator (RI) and Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) at a Long Term Evolution (LTE) User Equipment (UE). The indicators are required for spatial preprocessing and link adaption in the downlink of a 3GPP UMTS/LTE system. In order to reduce the computational complexity for the UE, it is must to be decomposes the problem into two separate steps, one of jointly evaluating the PMI and RI based on a mutual information metric and one of choosing the CQI value to achieve a given target Block Error Ratio (BLER) constraint. We use these two steps proposed several methods to reduce complexity. The first is a majority vote method (Majority), the second is a channel average method (Average) and the third is a reference signal method (Reference). We use the proposed algorithm to analyzing how much complexity can be reduced without losing too much throughput.

碩士
國立中正大學
通訊工程研究所
106
In this thesis, we investigate constant envelope (CE) precoder designs for precodingaided spatial modulation (PSM) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. In contrast to the existing precoders in PSM systems, CE precoder results in lower peak-average-power-ratio, and achieves higher power efficiency. We focus on design problems under per antenna constant power constraints. An iterative algorithm is derived to solve the formulated maximum signal-to-leakage-and-noise ratio problem. The performance of the proposed precoders is demonstrated through numerical simulations.

碩士
國立中正大學
通訊工程研究所
107
Precoders in existing precoding-aided spatial modulation (PSM) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, such as minimum mean square error (MMSE) precoder and zero forcing (ZF) precoder, are often equipped with high-resolution DACs. As the power consumption of DACs grow exponentially with the resolution, high hardware complexity and excessive circuit power consumption is required in conventional design. In order to address this issue, we propose to design the precoder of a PSM-MIMO system facilitating the use of 1-bit DACs at the transmitter. In this thesis, we propose two precoder designs for PSM-MIMO system under 1-bit DAC hardware constraints. Finally, numerical simulations ar performed to verify the bit error rate performance of our proposed one-bit precoders.

碩士
國立中正大學
通訊工程研究所
106
Spatial modulation (SM) is a novel multiple input multiple output (MIMO) transmission scheme. SM is capable of utilizing the indices of transmit antennas as an additional dimension for bits transmission besides the traditional amplitude and phase modulation, and hence increases energy efficiency. In recent studies, researchers introduce phase rotation precoding (PRP) for spatial modulation, which can improve bit error rate performance compared with SM. This thesis proposes a low complexity PRP algorithm that can achieve the same bit error rate performance. Furthermore, this thesis investigates a new algorithm, low complexity PRP aided transmit antenna selection and exploits this algorithm in SM system. Finally, we verify the proposed designs using computer simulations.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
電信工程學研究所
106
To reduce the overhead of downlink training and channel state information (CSI) in frequency-division duplex (FDD) massive multiple-input multiple-output (massive MIMO) systems, previous scholars proposed a beamforming-based spatial precoding (BBSP) method. Our laboratory previously proposed a beamforming selection spatial precoding (BSSP) method to modify BBSP, using a particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) and cooperatively coevolving particle swarm optimization algorithm (CCPSO2) to adjust the amplitude and phase parameters of the beamforming coefficients, and hence reduce the interference between users. It not only retains the original BBSP with lower downlink training and CSI feedback overhead, but also achieves better bit error rate (BER) performance than the original BBSP. In the presence of the spatial correlation(SC) and the mutual coupling(MC) effects, the antennas positions affect the bit error rate (BER) of the BSSP. We have found that adjusting the antenna positions, the amplitude and phase of the precoding matrix can simultaneously achieve lower bit error rate (BER) than that of using Uniform Linear Array (ULA) or Uniform Circular Array (UCA). We also found that the BSSP can be used in hybrid beamforming systems to reduce the hardware cost and power consumption for mm-wave MIMO systems. We used CCPSO to adjust Analog precoder, and used the MMSE criterion to calculate the Baseband precoder. We call this method Hybrid MMSE CCPSO-BSSP. We use the Quasi-orthogonal Space-time block code (QOSTBC) to transmit data in BSSP. Under the circumstances, the decoding method of the traditional QOSTBC in the case of Single user was improved. From the simulation results, we observe that Hybrid MMSE CCPSO-BSSP and Hybrid MMSE CCPSO-BSSP-QOSTBC outperform the existing methods for in Massive MIMO systems under several channel environments with the SC and MC effects.

碩士
國立交通大學
電子研究所
99
MIMO channels arising from the use of multiple antennas at both the transmitter and at the receiver have recently attracted significant interest because they provide a significant increase in capacity and reliability over single-input single-output (SISO) channels under some uncorrelation conditions. We focus on Precoding and Equalization for the Spatial Multiplexing Mode of IEEE 802.16m Closed-Loop MIMO. We present two equalizer methods. One is Zero-forcing equalizer. It is an inverse filter in frequency domain. This is the easiest equalizer. It can remove the ISI, but it will increase the noise. The other method is MMSE equalizer. This method is designed to minimize the mean square error of the receive signal and the transmit signal. It can not remove all of the ISI, but it will not increase the noise. A problem associated with precoding is that the channel state information must be known at transmitter. This may be difficult since the bandwidth of the feedback channel is usually limited. Thus, a codebook-based limited feedback precoding scheme is generally used. The main idea is to quantize the precoding matrix and feedback the index of the optimum precoder. We based on these two equalizers to design the selection method to select the best precoder. We proposed MMSE-Based and MaxminSNR-Based method. MMSE-Based method finds the precoder has the minimum mean square error. MaxminSNR-Based method finds the precoder that maximizes the minimum SNR of the two antennas. This method has to calculate each precoder’s antenna SNR. Then, we select the appropriate one to transmit back. We will compare with the following two methods. First is SVD-Based method. We take the singular value decomposition (SVD) of the channel matrix. The right singular vector of the channel matrix is the best ZF equalizer. We calculate all the chordal distance of the possible precoder and the best ZF equalizer. Then, we transmit the precoder. Second is the optimum precoder computation. We use water-filling method to get the solution. We verify our simulation model on AWGN channel and then do the simulation on singlepath and multipath channels for IEEE 802.16m. In this thesis, we first introduce the standard of the IEEE 802.16m. Then we describe the precoding and equalization methods we use and discuss the performance in each transmission condition for IEEE 802.16m.

In this thesis we investigate the effects of the physical constraints such as antenna aperture size, antenna geometry and non-isotropic scattering distribution parameters (angle of arrival/departure and angular spread) on the performance of coherent and non-coherent space-time coded wireless communication systems. First, we derive analytical expressions for the exact pairwise error probability (PEP) and PEP upper-bound of coherent and non-coherent space-time coded systems operating over spatially correlated fading channels using a moment-generating function-based approach. These analytical expressions account for antenna spacing, antenna geometries and scattering distribution models. Using these new PEP expressions, the degree of the effect of antenna spacing, antenna geometry and angular spread is quantified on the diversity advantage (robustness) given by a space-time code. It is shown that the number of antennas that can be employed in a fixed antenna aperture without diminishing the diversity advantage of a space-time code is determined by the size of the antenna aperture, antenna geometry and the richness of the scattering environment. ¶ In realistic channel environments the performance of space-time coded multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) systems is significantly reduced due to non-ideal antenna placement and non-isotropic scattering. In this thesis, by exploiting the spatial dimension of a MIMO channel we introduce the novel use of linear spatial precoding (or power-loading) based on fixed and known parameters of MIMO channels to ameliorate the effects of non-ideal antenna placement on the performance of coherent and non-coherent space-time codes. ...