Relevant bibliographies by topics / Spatial occupancy representations

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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Academic literature on the topic 'Spatial occupancy representations'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Spatial occupancy representations"

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Liu, Tong, Angela R. Green, Luis F. Rodríguez, Brett C. Ramirez, and Daniel W. Shike. "Effects of Number of Animals Monitored on Representations of Cattle Group Movement Characteristics and Spatial Occupancy." PLOS ONE 10, no. 2 (February 3, 2015): e0113117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0113117.

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Stojanovic, Vladeta, Matthias Trapp, Benjamin Hagedorn, Jan Klimke, Rico Richter, and Jürgen Döllner. "Sensor Data Visualization for Indoor Point Clouds." Advances in Cartography and GIScience of the ICA 2 (November 6, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-adv-2-13-2019.

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Abstract. Integration and analysis of real-time and historic sensor data provides important insights into the operational status of buildings. There is a need for the integration of sensor data and digital representations of the built environment for furthering stakeholder engagement within the realms of Real Estate 4.0 and Facility Management (FM), especially in a spatial representation context. In this paper, we propose a general system architecture that integrates point cloud data and sensor data for visualization and analysis. We further present a prototypical web-based implementation of that architecture and demonstrate its application for the integration and visualization of sensor data from a typical office building, with the aim to communicate and analyze occupant comfort. The empirical results obtained from our prototypical implementation demonstrate the feasibility of our approach for the provisioning of light-weight software components for the service-oriented integration of Building Information Modeling (BIM), Building Automation Systems (BASs), Integrated Workplace Management Systems (IWMSs), and future Digital Twin (DT) platforms.
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Shpitalni, M. "A Theoretical Examination of Switching Functions for Solid Modeling Data Structures." Journal of Engineering for Industry 108, no. 1 (February 1, 1986): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3187037.

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The role of geometrical modeling is of increasing importance in the field of CAD/CAM. In the present paper a new concept is presented for geometric modeling of the data structure using volumetric representation via switching functions in a Gray coded space (3-D Karnaugh map). The data structure consists of a single generic cuboid primitive which may vary in size and aspect ratios. This provides for more generalized and flexible object representation than uniform spatial occupancy enumeration. The combination of a single primitive, Gray coded space, and representation via switching functions yields a very efficient data structure oriented toward set operations which can be carried out via a simple assembler program or a parallel logic processor. As objects are represented by a nonhierarchial list of fixed format terms, uniform algorithms can be used to perform given tasks regardless of object shape, dimensions, or complexity.
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Lopes, Sérgio Ivan, Leonel J. R. Nunes, and António Curado. "Designing an Indoor Radon Risk Exposure Indicator (IRREI): An Evaluation Tool for Risk Management and Communication in the IoT Age." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 15 (July 26, 2021): 7907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18157907.

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The explosive data growth in the current information age requires consistent new methodologies harmonized with the new IoT era for data analysis in a space–time context. Moreover, intuitive data visualization is a central feature in exploring, interpreting, and extracting specific insights for subsequent numerical data representation. This integrated process is normally based on the definition of relevant metrics and specific performance indicators, both computed upon continuous real-time data, considering the specificities of a particular application case for data validation. This article presents an IoT-oriented evaluation tool for Radon Risk Management (RRM), based on the design of a simple and intuitive Indoor Radon Risk Exposure Indicator (IRREI), specifically tailored to be used as a decision-making aid tool for building owners, building designers, and buildings managers, or simply as an alert flag for the problem awareness of ordinary citizens. The proposed methodology was designed for graphic representation aligned with the requirements of the current IoT age, i.e., the methodology is robust enough for continuous data collection with specific Spatio-temporal attributes and, therefore, a set of adequate Radon risk-related metrics can be extracted and proposed. Metrics are summarized considering the application case, taken as a case study for data validation, by including relevant variables to frame the study, such as the regulatory International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) dosimetric limits, building occupancy (spatial dimension), and occupants’ exposure periods (temporal dimension). This work has the following main contributions: (1) providing a historical perspective regarding RRM indicator evolution along time; (2) outlining both the formulation and the validation of the proposed IRREI indicator; (3) implementing an IoT-oriented methodology for an RRM indicator; and (4) a discussion on Radon risk public perception, undertaken based on the results obtained after assessment of the IRREI indicator by applying a screening questionnaire with a total of 873 valid answers.
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Quintana, Samer, Pei Huang, Mengjie Han, and Xingxing Zhang. "A Top-Down Digital Mapping of Spatial-Temporal Energy Use for Municipality-Owned Buildings: A Case Study in Borlänge, Sweden." Buildings 11, no. 2 (February 18, 2021): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11020072.

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Urban energy mapping plays a crucial role in benchmarking the energy performance of buildings for many stakeholders. This study examined a set of buildings in the city of Borlänge, Sweden, owned by the municipality. The aim was to present a digital spatial map of both electricity use and district heating demand in the spatial–temporal dimension. A toolkit for top-down data processing and analysis was considered based on the energy performance database of municipality-owned buildings. The data were initially cleaned, transformed and geocoded using custom scripts and an application program interface (API) for OpenStreetMap and Google Maps. The dataset consisted of 228 and 105 geocoded addresses for, respectively, electricity and district heating monthly consumption for the year 2018. A number of extra parameters were manually incorporated to this data, i.e., the total floor area, the building year of construction and occupancy ratio. The electricity use and heating demand in the building samples were about 24.47 kWh/m2 and 268.78 kWh/m2, respectively, for which great potential for saving heating energy was observed. Compared to the electricity use, the district heating showed a more homogenous pattern following the changes of the seasons. The digital mapping revealed a spatial representation of identifiable hotspots for electricity uses in high-occupancy/density areas and for district heating needs in districts with buildings mostly constructed before 1980. These results provide a comprehensive means of understanding the existing energy distributions for stakeholders and energy advisors. They also facilitate strategy geared towards future energy planning in the city, such as energy benchmarking policies.
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Ramos, Fabio, and Lionel Ott. "Hilbert maps: Scalable continuous occupancy mapping with stochastic gradient descent." International Journal of Robotics Research 35, no. 14 (December 2016): 1717–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0278364916684382.

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The vast amount of data robots can capture today motivates the development of fast and scalable statistical tools to model the space the robot operates in. We devise a new technique for environment representation through continuous occupancy mapping that improves on the popular occupancy grip maps in two fundamental aspects: (1) it does not assume an a priori discrimination of the world into grid cells and therefore can provide maps at an arbitrary resolution; (2) it captures spatial relationships between measurements naturally, thus being more robust to outliers and possessing better generalization performance. The technique, named Hilbert maps, is based on the computation of fast kernel approximations that project the data in a Hilbert space where a logistic regression classifier is learnt. We show that this approach allows for efficient stochastic gradient optimization where each measurement is only processed once during learning in an online manner. We present results with three types of approximations: random Fourier; Nyström; and a novel sparse projection. We also extend the approach to accept probability distributions as inputs, for example, due to uncertainty over the position of laser scans due to sensor or localization errors. In this extended version, experiments were conducted in two dimensions and three dimensions, using popular benchmark datasets. Furthermore, an analysis of the adaptive capabilities of the technique to handle large changes in the data, such as trajectory update before and after loop closure during simultaneous localization and mapping, is also included.
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Lackner, James R., and Paul DiZio. "Spatial Orientation as a Component of Presence: Insights Gained from Nonterrestrial Environments." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 7, no. 2 (April 1998): 108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/105474698565613.

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Spatial orientation is a substantial component of the sense of presence in real and virtual environments. Virtual environments have amazing versatility in terms of the possible modes of “entering” them, the positions occupants can take up within or in relation to them, and the ways virtual environments can be embedded within real ones. A virtual environment that differs too sharply in these respects from the normal terrestrial environment may challenge users' abilities to develop spatial orientation and a sense of presence within it, and to acquire spatial training that will transfer to real situations. We learned this fact while analyzing spatial orientation and presence in a variety of real experimental environments, including ones involving nonterrestrial gravitoinertial force backgrounds. One environment we investigated was “microgravity,” in which subjects can free float and be exposed to unique visual perspectives and patterns of touch and pressure cues on the body surface. A second was a rotating “artificial gravity” environment embedded within the larger context of a stationary laboratory complex. Our observations emphasize visual, vestibular, and somesthetic cues in construction of spatial representations of familiar environments. However, we have found that multiple levels of such representations exist, which interact with larger spatial constructs. The cognitive map of an environment depends on its represented embedding within associated environments and the directionality of modes of access between them. This dependency is reflected in the “wrong door phenomenon” that results when an individual enters a familiar environment from a nonfamiliar access position and becomes disoriented.
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Sidor, Kršák, Štrba, Cehlár, Khouri, Stričík, Dugas, Gajdoš, and Bolechová. "Can Location-Based Social Media and Online Reservation Services Tell More about Local Accommodation Industries than Open Governmental Data?" Sustainability 11, no. 21 (October 24, 2019): 5926. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11215926.

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The paper follows-up ongoing research focusing on the potential of machine-readable data as additional knowledge in the governance of local tourism and destination management organizations (DMOs) in Slovakia. The current focus is on one classic social media (Facebook), one location-based social media (Foursquare), two hybrid travel-related platforms with partial attributes of reservation services (Google Places, TripAdvisor), and two online reservation services (Booking, Airbnb). The global aim is the usage of extracted data for the identification of additional entities with the obligation of local occupancy taxation, which is the financial backbone of Slovak (DMOs). A set of simple and globally reusable scripts constructed in Python and PostgreSQL were used to extract data on lodging providers from the Google Places application programming interface (API), the Facebook Place Search API and the Foursquare Venue API over grid overlays of districts’ spatial representation. For pure scientific purposes in the case of Tripadvisor, Booking, and Airbnb, with no suitable access to open APIs, web scraping methods were used for data extraction. The pilot case was applied in the boundaries of Kosice city (Slovakia), and the aggregations of processed data were compared with official open statistics. Results indicate that the automated continuous monitoring of online platforms could help local public administrations in decreasing occupancy tax evasions and even widen knowledge about online audiences and visitors’ satisfaction.
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Villalobos, Soraya, and Jana C. Vamosi. "Climate and habitat influences on bee community structure in Western Canada." Canadian Journal of Zoology 96, no. 9 (September 2018): 1002–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2017-0226.

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The persistence of pollinators in a given habitat is determined in part by traits that affect their response to environmental variables. Here, we show that climate and habitat features are the main drivers of trait distribution in bees across spatially separated habitats. We determined that trait and clade filtering results in bee assemblages in Western Canada exhibiting clustering that is correlated with differences in temperature, humidity, and rainfall. Phylogenetic signals were detected in all traits associated with pollinator life-history strategies, including phenology. The Bombus Latreille, 1802 clade (including the social parasite subgenus Psithyrus Lepeletier, 1833) comprised a higher proportion of prairie bees, whereas assemblages in Garry oak sites exhibited higher representation from solitary bees (e.g., genera Osmia Panzer, 1806, Andrena Fabricius, 1775, Ceratina Latreille, 1802). Because these same traits influence which plant species are pollinated, this selective environmental occupancy within the two different habitats could promote local adaptation of flowering plant species pollinated by more social clades in prairies and more solitary bees in Garry oak.
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Arcos-LeBert, Gabriela, Tamara Aravena-Hidalgo, Javier A. Figueroa, Fabián M. Jaksic, and Sergio A. Castro. "Native trees provide more benefits than exotic trees when ecosystem services are weighted in Santiago, Chile." Trees 35, no. 5 (May 29, 2021): 1663–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00468-021-02144-5.

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AbstractUrban forests are conformed by a variable representation of native and exotic species. Because these species differ in the morpho-functional traits that possess, they may have a differential participation in the provision of ecosystem services in cities. Here, we compare ecosystem services inferred from morpho-functional traits of native and exotic tree species present in Santiago, Chile. Five traits associated with ecosystem services valuation (Vi) were scored (1 versus 0), and compared between native and exotic tree species, weighting those ecosystem services according to multi-criteria decision analysis procedure (MCDA). We found that native and exotic species did not have significant differences in the ecosystem services provided to urban dwellers (F = 1.2; P > 0.05); but these results were obtained when ecosystem services were not weighted according to their demand in Santiago. When weights were pondered, native species provided more ecosystem services than did exotic trees (F = 7.1; P < 0.008). Complementarily, we also found that the ecosystem services ranked for native and exotic species did not correlate with their spatial distribution (occupancy, Oi). These results highlight the need to use criteria based on ecosystem services to tree planting in Santiago, prioritizing native species because, in comparison to exotic ones, they provide more ecosystem services demanded city dwellers.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Spatial occupancy representations"

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Payne, D. B. "High speed object recognition from 3-D range and intensity data." Thesis, Coventry University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.354352.

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Books on the topic "Spatial occupancy representations"

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Horton, Timothy J. Occluded model-based recognition with orientation and spatial occupancy representations. Toronto: University of Toronto, Dept. of Computer Science, 1990.

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Horton, Timothy J. Occluded model-based recognition with orientation and spatial occupancy representations. Toronto: University of Toronto, Dept. of Computer Science, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Spatial occupancy representations"

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Milios, Evangelos E. "Orientation and Spatial Occupancy Representations in Shape Analysis." In Active Perception and Robot Vision, 577–97. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77225-2_30.

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Golledge, Reginald G. "Cognition of Physical and Built Environments." In Environment, Cognition, and Action. Oxford University Press, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195062205.003.0007.

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Environmental knowledge is acquired by interacting with, or experiencing, different environments. The interaction may be direct and active, as would be the case when a person lives in, travels through, or otherwise physically experiences a particular environment. Interaction may also take place, however, by accessing different sources of information including such things as photos, slides, movies, videos, paintings, or other visual representations, as well as haptically perceived information such as might be acquired from tactual maps, table models, or different types of sensing devices. Information abstracted from these many sources is stored in long-term memory as part of a general knowledge structure. As the need arises, such information is processed to provide knowledge of location, distribution, pattern, dispersion, connectivity, configuration, and other properties, which assist in preparing travel plans and activating movement. There are of course many “environments,” and it makes little sense to refer to “the environment.” Even the “physical” environment encompasses the markedly dissimilar worlds of landforms, marine, surface and groundwater domains, vegetation, atmosphere, weather, and climate. Add to that the complexities of other external realities such as the built and transformed landscapes of human occupance, and it makes even less sense to regard them as one. Often these domains compete with each other via invasion and succession procedures (e.g., the invasion of agricultural land by urban uses; the successful invasion of inner city residential areas by expansion of commerce, business, and industry; the invasion of natural grasslands by domestic plants and animals), while at other times they exist in harmony. Perhaps the one common feature is that they are assumed to exist independently of mind—that is, they are “external” to mind. Assuming this to be so, the concept of “environmental cognition” can be examined. In this chapter, we will first discuss the basic spatial elements or components that allow both differentiation and clustering of phenomena found in large- and small-scale environments. This is followed by discussion of the components of an environmental knowledge structure, highlighting both individual and integrated components of knowledge, and emphasizing spatial characteristics.
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Conference papers on the topic "Spatial occupancy representations"

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Ryde, Julian, and Michael Brünig. "Lattice occupied voxel lists for representation of spatial occupancy." In 2010 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iros.2010.5650324.

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Bobkova, Evgeniya, Lars Marcus, and Meta Berghauser Pont. "The dual nature of land parcels: exploring the morphological and juridical definition of the term." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5070.

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The importance of the parcel (also referred to as ‘plot’ or ‘lot’) as one of the fundamental elements of urban form is well recognized within the field of urban morphology. It has been described as a basic element in the pattern of land divisions that works as an organizational grid for urban form. One of the distinctive features of the parcel is its dual character: it means both a legal unit defining property rights and a physical entity. In urban fabrics, these dimensions act together to drive the evolution of built space. In this paper, we will investigate the entanglements of the morphological and the legislative definitions of the term, with the aim to resolve these, we better can address and compare the vital layer of parcels in different urban contexts, by both identifying common properties of the notion parcels, and dealing with variations in its legal framework in different countries. What we aim to capture with such a comprehensive definition is the relation between urban form and generic functions, which mainly concerns the functions of occupation and movement, where the system of parcels can be identified as spaces that embed an affordance for occupancy in cities of most kinds. The intended outcome of the paper is to unveil the power of the dual nature of the parcel, bridging between spatial and non-spatial dimensions of cities, that is, more precisely, a potential to establish a stronger interface between urban design and planning practice. References Conzen, M., 1960. Alnwick, Northumberland: a study in town-plan analysis. London: Institute of British Geographers. Kropf, K., 1997. When is a plot not a plot: problems in representation and interpretation. Unpublished. Birmingham, University of Birmingham. Marcus, L., 2000. Architectural knowledge and urban form. The functional performance of architectural urbanity. Stockholm Marcus, L., 2010. Spatial Capital. A proposal for an Extension of Space Syntax into a More General Urban Morphology. The Journal of Space Syntax, pp. 30-40. P.Panerai, J. Castex, J.-C. Depaule, 2004. Urban forms. The death and life of urban block. Oxford: Architectural press.
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