Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Spatial mismatch'
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Kenda, Loren Lee. "The Spatial Mismatch and Skills Mismatch Hypothesis: A Study of the Columbus Metropolitan Area Using Spatial Interpolation Methods." The Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1392733133.
Full textMazile, One. "Labour market and spatial mismatch in Cape Town." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8948.
Full textThe paper undertakes to research a spatial and skills mismatch in the city of Cape Town. The argument is that industry is moving towards the north of the city and away from areas of the south east. This physically displaces low and semi-skilled employees or potential employees who work or seek work in these firms. Areas of the south east are typically inhabited by low and semi-skilled workers who are forced to seek work away from where they live. This is because their areas are economically inactive and do not offer much prospects for development or employment in the current situation. We find that prospective employees or those already employed have to endure lengthy and expensive commutes to work on a daily basis. The city transport system, which includes bus, train and taxis, seems to be still largely inefficient and does not serve these employees well, or is not readily accessible in all the areas it is needed. The research was conducted in the industrial areas of Montague Gardens, Blackheath, Paarden Island, Epping Industria, Airport Industria and Phillipi. These areas were chosen because being industrial areas they would typically have a large number of low to semiskilled workers employed in their firms. Unlike professional or service related firms who would typically employ more qualified or educated (in terms of tertiary qualifications) workers. An interview schedule was prepared and we went to these areas and interviewed which ever firms agreed to it. The firms in the area were chosen in no specific way, we literally went for door to door asking for participants. The research was qualitative in nature, the interview questions were detailed and in depth (see appendices for actual schedule) and lasted for about 20m ins depending on the amount of time the interviewees were willing to spare. The results were analysed by comparing the reasons for relocating amongst each firm, the aim was to try and decipher what were the driving factors of this spatial shift and what implications it had for employees who had to endure these commutes. The significant findings are that the relocation or the move towards the north is driven by the availability of land or space and price. The north seems to offer more affordable premises and much more land, thus more value for money. There are adequate parking and storage facilities. Firms hardly considered workers in their search for new locations. Further south east employees are not left out of potential employment because of their physical distance from these economic nodes, most employees have managed to organise themselves and get to work, even with an unbalanced transport system.
Uneklint, Oscar. "SPATIAL & TRANSPORTATION MISMATCH IN SWEDEN, 2015 : EFFECTS OF MISMATCH & EASEMENT OF TRANSPORTATION IN ÖRNSKÖLDSVIK & SUNDSVALL." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Kulturgeografi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-150995.
Full textSPATIAL & TRANSPORTATION MISMATCH IN SWEDEN, 2015: EFFECTS OF MISMATCH & EASEMENT OF TRANSPORTATION IN ÖRNSKÖLDSVIK & SUNDSVALL (Masteruppsats av Oscar Uneklint, 2018). Studien syftar för det första till att undersöka hur transportoberoende och transportberoende tillgänglighet till arbetsplatser påverkar anställningsutfall i Sundsvalls och Örnsköldsviks tätorter och kommuner, lokaliserade vid norra Sveriges kuststråk. Sveriges fåtaliga befolkning, mindre segregation och utjämnande ekonomiska modell ifrågasätter tillämpningen av rumslig missmatchning i Sverige. Samtidigt leder ökad immigration och tilltagande socioekonomiska skillnader till att förståelsen av dessa frågor brådskar. Resultatet bekräftar ett mindre inflytande av transportoberoende tillgänglighet och ett större inflytande av transportberoende tillgänglighet till arbetsplatser inom undersökningsområdet, 2015. Samtidigt är effekten av arbetstillgång större inom kvarteret än på pendelavstånd. Precisionen av både de skattade effekterna och hur de lindras förbättras av tillgången till individbaserade data, men effektskattningen försvagas av få instrument-variabler. För det andra syftar studien att utvärdera det kollektiva transportsystemet i de båda städerna för att lindra och utjämna de skattade tillgänglighetseffekterna. Resultatet bekräftar tydliga centrum-periferi strukturer i båda nätverken och visualiserar tillgänglighet, frekvens, styrka, funktion och komplementaritet i respektive buslinjenät.
Andrews, Lauren. "Spatial Mismatch for Low-Wage Workers in post-Katrina New Orleans." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2011. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1292.
Full textMorgner, Katarina. "(UN) EQUAL ACCESSIBILITY TO URBAN LABOR MARKET : CASE STUDY OF STOCKHOLM." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-143818.
Full textNaidu, Claudia. "Spatial mismatch in Cape Town : business location and the impacts on workers." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8955.
Full textThe south east and cape flats regions of Cape Town is home to abundant supplies of cheap and available unskilled labour. With the awareness that Cape Town may be slowly following the developmental path of Johannesburg and many other cities of the world, as decentralization, suburbanization, and the overall processes of economic 'tertiarisation' and urban transformation encompass the entire structure and culture of the city, we wonder about how the cities unskilled workforces are faring. Development has focused on the north of the city while the south east has been bypassed, causing residents to have to travel far out to find jobs and work. There is a clear spatial mismatch between places of work and places of residence for the workers of the South east, and overcoming this disconnection is challenged further by an inefficient and expensive public transport service, upon which they are fully dependent. By way of the interviews with businesses from various industrial areas in Cape Town, this thesis shows that many owners and management do not place much importance on where their workers, in particular unskilled and semi-skilled manual workers live and how they travel. It seems that when choosing a location for their businesses, size, price, and availability may limit owners' options of location choice and interviews reveal that owners may be responding to rather than driving development. Findings reveal that unskilled manual workers typically reside in the south east, while business owners, management and other white collar workers typically live in the northern and southern suburbs, as well as other central areas. Furthermore, transport patterns were evaluated and it is clear that the unskilled workers rely heavily on public transport while higher skilled occupational groups either have their own car, or are part of lift-clubs. The problem of a spatial mismatch is clearly skewed towards workers of the south east who rely on public transport, by intensifying the burdens of commuting times and costs. A further finding is that many businesses resort to highly informal methods of recruitment, such as word-of-mouth and internal referral techniques, revealing the significance of social networks in gaining access to job opportunities. This is especially important for workers trying to find employment in areas outside of the traditional economic nodes as it is expensive to commute to those areas regularly in search of employment. Having access to those businesses through employed family members, neighbours and relatives, is therefore critical.
Alzaher, Mariam. "Mismatch negativity, un marqueur neuronal de la plasticité spatiale auditive chez les sujets sourds unilatéraux." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30253.
Full textThis thesis investigates different spatial hearing functions in 3 types of populations: Normal Hearing Subjects (NHS), Unilateral Hearing Loss patients (UHL) and Bilateral Hearing Loss patients ( BHL). To discover the mechanisms underlying the adaptive strategies that are observed in UHL with acquired deafness. The main aim of the thesis is to verify whether spatial Mismatch Negativity (MMN) could be a neuronal marker of spatial auditory plasticity observed in UHL patients, and to verify whether these neural correlates are consistent with the spatial auditory performance. Two types of investigations were applied to 20 NHS, 21 UHL and 14 BHL. The first investigation is a sound source identification task measured by the root mean square error (RMS). The second assessment is an electroencephalography (EEG) study where we analyzed the amplitude and latency of the MMN. MMN is defined as an auditory evoked potential that reflects the brain's ability to detect a change in one physical property of a sound. We used a standard sound in a reference position (50°) with three deviations from the standard (10° , 20°, and 100°), in binaural and monaural conditions. UHL patients were divided into 3 groups according to their spatial performances. The group of good performers (UHL {low rms}) showed better RMS scores in comparison with NHS with earplugs (NHS-mon), with performances similar to those of NHS subjects in binaural condition. A progressive increase of the MMN with the angle of deviation from the standard was noted in all groups. With a significant reduction of MMN amplitude in monaural NHS when the ear plug was applied on the ipsilateral side of the standard. MMN showed consistent variation with the behavioral observations, where UHL {low rms} patients had larger MMN amplitudes than those of monaural NHS and similar to those of binaural NHS. UHL patients have adaptive spatial auditory strategies. Our study was able to demonstrate that spatial auditory plasticity that occurs after deafness can be reflected by the MMN. Neural observations (i.e. the MMN) are correlated with behavioral observations of spatial source identification. This means that the spatial cortical plasticity, that took place in these subjects, is not limited to the functions of identification of the sound source, but exceeds these capacities towards more complex mechanisms such as deviance detection and short-term memory, that are involved in the spatial discrimination function
Sang, Sunhee. "Examining Commuting Patterns and Spatial Mismatch by Occupation and Gender: Disaggregate Journey-to-Work Model." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1230873662.
Full textAggrey, Korsah Emmanuel. "Spatial Mismatch Between Hiv Infection and Access to Hiv Service Facilities in Texas." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500170/.
Full textAnil, Bulent. "The persistence of spatial mismatch the determinants of moving decision among low-income households /." unrestricted, 2007. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11292007-111956/.
Full textTitle from file title page. David L. Sjoquist, committee chair; Geoffrey K. Turnbull, Erdal Tekin, Charles L. Jaret, committee members. Electronic text (118 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed on July 14, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 107-117).
Anil, Bulent. "The Persistence of Spatial Mismatch: The Determinants of Moving Decision Among Low-Income Households." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/econ_diss/43.
Full textRahtz, Anna M. "Reverse Commute Bus Service to Entry-Level Employment: A Spatial Mismatch Study of Cincinnati." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1243127690.
Full textRahtz, Anna. "Reverse commute bus service to entry-level employment a spatial mismatch sudy of Cincinnati /." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1243127690.
Full textAdvisor: David Edelman. Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Aug. 18, 2009). Includes abstract. Keywords: reverse commute; access to jobs; entry level job; transit; bus. Includes bibliographical references.
Hunter, Boyd Hamilton, and Boyd Hunter@anu edu au. "Changes in the Geographic Dispersion of Urban Employment in Australia." The Australian National University. Research School of Social Sciences, 1996. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20080215.102127.
Full textHouston, Donald Sinclair. "Spatial barriers to employment within metropolitan areas : testing the spatial mismatch hypothesis using evidence from firm relocations in the Glasgow conurbation." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2001. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4357/.
Full textHoekman, Guus. "The spatial mismatch hypothesis and the use of social networks for job search in Cape Town." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13671.
Full textPetersen, Hayley. "The spatial mismatch hypothesis and Cape Town : a qualitative study on overcoming the barriers to job access." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10829.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 76-78).
Within the context of Cape Town, the study shows that barriers with regard to job access, such as transit and information barriers, concerning job opportunities or vacancies, can be and are overcome. Data were gathered through interviews conducted within the city of Cape Town with employees, owners and managers within the low-skilled employment sector. The use of informal social networks is shown to be frequently used within the low-skilled sector, by both employers and employees. Information concerning job vacancies and opportunities for the low-skilled, low-wage workforce are thus passed on through networks. The fact that job seekers, who are part of an employment-rich network regardless of space or distance between home and where work is located, have a better chance of job acquisition is also illustrated.
MOEHRING, PATRICIA MARIE. "THE USE OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS (G.I.S.) FOR ANALYSES OF THE SPATIAL MISMATCH HYPOTHESIS, HAMILTON COUNTY, AND THE OHIO WORKS FIRST PROGRAM." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1027005938.
Full textGqada, Ichumile. "The spatial mismatch hypothesis and the use of social networks for job search in Site C, Khayelitsha, Cape Town." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12037.
Full textScroll down to electronic link to access the thesis.
This is a study on the spatial mismatch hypothesis, unemployment and the use of social networks for job search in Site C, Khayelitsha. The spatial mismatch hypothesis proposes that where employment centres are located a significant distance from low-income residential areas, the result is unemployment, low wages and limited access to information for people residing in these peripheral residential areas.
Molero, Rodenas Beatriz Molero. "Différence d'échelle spatiale entre les mesures satellitaires et in situ d'humidité du sol : analyse par des approches spatio-temporelles." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30264/document.
Full textSoil moisture is an essential climate variable that is globally monitored with the help of satellite borne microwave instruments. The accuracy of satellite soil moisture estimations is assessed by direct comparison to in situ measurements. While satellite estimates have a resolution ranging between 30 and 100 km, in situ sensors typically measure over an area of a few centimetres (point resolution). This spatial scale mismatch between satellite and in situ soil moisture estimates impairs the validation process and the respective summary statistics to an extent that is not currently known. This thesis aims at improving the knowledge of the spatial scale mismatch, as well as providing methods for its assessment applicable to any validation area. To this end, the connection between the SM spatial and time scales was investigated. Modelled and measured soil moisture series at different regions of the globe were decomposed into time scales ranging from 0.5 to 128 days, using wavelet transforms. The spatial representativeness of the point measurements was then assessed, on a per time scale basis, with 4 different approaches: temporal stability analysis, triple collocation, the percentage of correlated areas (CArea) and a new approach that uses wavelet- based correlations (WCor). Moreover, one of the components of the mismatch, the sampling uncertainty, has been assessed separately with bootstrap and Monte Carlo simulations of point-support series. It was found that the average of the spatial representativeness values tends to increase with the time scales but so does their dispersion. This implies that some stations had large representativeness areas at seasonal scales, while others do not. At sub-weekly scales, all stations exhibited very small representativeness areas. Finally, the sampling uncertainty has been observed to have a considerable impact on satellite validation statistics
Masingi, Carol. "Righting The Wrongs Of The Past: Corridors Of Freedom As A Pathway To Inclusive Development." Master's thesis, Faculty of Humanities, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30929.
Full textVan, Wyk Anya. "An analysis of the mechanisms within Cape Town businesses shaping recruitment methods : and its effect on the spatial mismatch in Cape Town." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12301.
Full textThis dissertation posits that recruitment methods used by businesses in Cape Town are shaped by intricate mechanisms within business spaces. The walk-in recruitment method used by the two restaurants interviewed, is influenced by two distinct social mechanisms. The use of this recruitment method proves to be a geographically limited and it therefore reduces the prospects of employment for those living on the periphery of the city. Therefore, the walk-in recruitment method has exacerbated the spatial mismatch within Cape Town. However, there are Cape Town businesses that have specific mechanisms within their businesses that have shaped their use of word-of-mouth recruitment. The use of this method, has lessened the effects of the spatial mismatch, creating 'passages' into employment for those living on the periphery of the city. Once recruited through word-of-mouth, workers living on the periphery face the prospect of long-term employment through the use of in-house recruitment or promotion.
Sari, Florent. "Les effets du contexte local sur l'emploi : différentes applications sur données géo-localisées." Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST0071/document.
Full textThis thesis contributes to the literature in urban economics on neighborhood effects by answering three questions : What is the importance of territory in unemployment-to-work transitions ? Are there neighborhood effects in France ? How to explainunemployment geography ? Answering to these questions requires an approach in several steps. Firstly, the importance of the territory is analyzed by a literature review that lists the different mechanisms by which the local context can affect individuals’ access to employment. We also propose a descriptive analysis of unemployment disparities between municipalities in France and especially in the Paris region. The strong contrasts, which are maintained even when one considers the composition of local job-seekers, show the relative importance of the territory. Then, the thesis proposes empirical analysis on individual data to demonstrate the existence of neighborhood effects in France. We show that the "quality" of the neighborhood and its characteristics determine individuals’ employment status. Individuals who live in deprived neighborhoods are less likely than others to find a job and when they find it, it is generally of lower quality. Among the observed neighborhoods effects, we seek to highlight the existence of territorial discrimination. We propose different but complementary methodologies to analyze the effect of the reputation of a neighborhood. We observe that it decreases the chances of finding employment. Finally, in order to explain unemployment geography, the thesis proposes some analysisformunicipalities in Paris region. The objective is to test different mechanisms discussed in the literature in urban economics (residential segregation, Spatial Mismatch, emphSkill Mismatch etc.) to see which are most relevant and which should be considered a priority. Identify the mechanisms involved is a necessary and an important step to guide public policies that want to improve the situation of deprived neighborhoods
Goetz, Deborah Stacey. "An investigation into the barriers to employment for unskilled workers in Site C, Khayelitsha and Du Noon, Milnerton : does spatial mismatch theory apply?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11870.
Full textDue to past South African apartheid policies and new development trends, the spatial organisation of Cape Town is dispersed and decentralised. Many disadvantaged communities, including Khayelitsha, lie on the peripheral part of the city in the south east sector, distant from job opportunities. The rate of unemployment in these peripheral areas is high. One explanation suggested in the literature for the high unemployment rate in the peripheral areas of Cape Town is the Spatial Mismatch Theory. This theory argues that the spatial organisation of cities can drive unemployment because of the negative impact of the disconnection between places of work and places ofresidence (Rospabe and Selod, 2003). This thesis investigates whether or not the spatial mismatch theory is applicable to the cases of Khayelitsha and Du Noon in Cape Town. This research comparatively explores these case studies because of their similar skill set (unskilled), the high rate of unemployment, and the geographic location of each case relative to the job opportunities. This research adds to the literature by demonstrating under which conditions this spatial mismatch is more or less of a constraint. This thesis uses a qualitative research design using semi-structured, face-to-face interviews. A total of 18 respondents were interviewed, nine from each case site. The findings show that the spatial disconnection between Site C and job opportunities often resulted in long and costly commutes to work for many Site C residents, especially to the new developments. Du Noon residents did not experience a spatial mismatch when working in the northern suburbs. However, because Du Noon's transport system is undeveloped, it often made access to Cape Town's newly developed areas difficult.
Sharma, Pratibha. "Modeling, Optimization, and Characterization of High Concentration Photovoltaic Systems Using Multijunction Solar Cells." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35917.
Full textBergsten, Arvid. "Spatial complexity and fit between ecology and management : Making sense of patterns in fragmented landscapes." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Stockholm Resilience Centre, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-97618.
Full textAt the time of the doctoral defence the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Manuscript. Paper 2: Manuscript.
Östh, John. "Home, Job and Space : Mapping and Modeling the Labor Market." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7449.
Full textJurey, Nathan W. D. "The live-work-play district: from vision to implementation." Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13731.
Full textDepartment of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning
Jae Hong-Kim
The concept of Live-Work-Play has grown in popularity in the field of planning, as various strands of the planning literature increasingly have highlighted the potential benefits of providing places to live, work, and play in close proximity. This study explores the theoretical foundations of the Live-Work-Play concept and discusses its effectiveness as a strategy for creating vibrant urban areas by reforming the spatial arrangement of the built environments. More specifically, the present study empirically examines how the segregation or the mixture of places to live, work, and play may create differences in terms of growth, inequality, education, the built environment, and transportation by analyzing the Boston metropolitan region as an example. The empirical analysis with the use of census tract level socio-economic data shows that the Live-Work-Play mixes can encourage more desirable travel patterns, while the mixes may not significantly promote growth in small areas. However, the analysis also revealed racial and income inequalities exist in the provision of the mixes in the Boston region. These findings suggest planners carefully should consider the equity issues when adopting the Live-Work-Play concept and providing its potential benefits.
Sari, Florent, and Florent Sari. "Les effets du contexte local sur l'emploi : différentes applications sur données géo-localisées." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00710274.
Full textBanerji, Ranajoy. "Optimisation d’une mission spatiale CMB de 4eme génération." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC199/document.
Full textThe Cosmic Microwave Background radiation is a rich and clean source of Cosmological information. Study of the CMB over the past few decades has led to the establishment of a “Standard Model” for Cosmology and constrained many of its principal parameters. It hasalso transformed the field into a highly data-driven domain.Currently, Inflation is the leading paradigm describing the earliest moments of our Universe. It predicts the generation of primordial matter density fluctuations and gravitational waves. The CMB polarisation carries the signature of these gravitational waves in the form of primordial “B-modes”. A future generation of CMB polarisation space mission is well suited to observe this signature of Inflation.This thesis focuses on optimising a future CMB space mission that will observe the B-modesignal for reaching a sensitivity of r = 0.001. Specifically, I study the optimisation of the scanning strategy and the impact of systematics on the quality of polarisation measurement
Lidji, Pascale. "Musique et langage : spécificités, interactions et associations spatiales." Thèse, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6347.
Full textOu, Hua. "The impact of bilateral gain reduction on localization and speech perception in spatially-separated noise." Diss., University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/868.
Full textBenia, Hadj Mohamed. "Spatially resolved optical measurements on supported metal particles and oxide surfaces with the STM." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15862.
Full textIn this thesis, the correlation between the optical properties and the local morphology of supported silver nanoparticle ensembles and MgO thin films deposited on Mo(001) systems is explored by means of Photon-STM. In the first section, dome and disk shaped Ag nanoparticle ensembles with increasing density on an alumina film on NiAl(110) were analyzed as well as ordered and disordered ensembles of Ag nanocolloids on HOPG. The aspect ratio of the Ag nanoparticles was found to have a significant influence not only on the Mie plasmon resonance of a single particle, but also on the electromagnetic coupling within the nanoparticle ensembles. The Mie resonance in the ensemble of dome shaped Ag nanoparticles shows a strong dependence on the interparticle distance, where it shifts to higher energies with increasing particle density, due to destructive interference effects. In the disk-like Ag ensembles, however, the plasmon energy is independent of particle-particle separation. The long-range lateral ordering of size-selected Ag nanocolloids is found to induce a high dipole-dipole coupling within the ensemble. This is mainly reflected by the enhancement of the spectral intensity of the in-plane Mie mode, due to constructive coupling. However, ensembles with either well-ordered or disordered arrangements reveal no important difference in their optical properties, reflecting the weak influence of the long-range order in the particle ensemble. Thin MgO films with different thicknesses were grown on a Mo(001) surface. The stress resulting from the 5.3% lattice mismatch between the MgO(001) and the Mo(001) lattice parameters is found to control the surface morphology of the MgO film until thicknesses of around 25ML at which flat and defect-poor films are obtained. The relaxation of the stress induces a periodic network in the first 7ML of the MgO film, consisting of alternated flat and tilted mosaics. The presence of screw dislocations, steps oriented along the MgO directions, and tilted planes is observed when the MgO films are approximately 12ML thick. In addition, an increase of the MgO work function around these new surface features is revealed from STM spectroscopy. The photon emission induced by field-emitted electron injection from the STM tip into the MgO films is dominated by two emission bands located at 3.1eV and 4.4eV. To check the origin of these bands, further experiments, namely, nucleation of Au particles and creation of F-centers on the MgO surface, have been performed. The nucleation of Au particles at the low coordinated sites is found to quench the MgO optical signal, while the creation or annihilation of F-centers does not alter the MgO emission bands. The 3.1eV and the 4.4eV bands are therefore assigned to the radiative decay of MgO excitons at corner and kink sites, and step sites, respectively. Besides, spatially resolved optical measurements in the tunneling mode of the STM revealed different light emission mechanisms. These radiative processes are mainly related to tip-induced plasmons that form between the tip and the Mo support and to electron transitions between field-emission-resonance states in the STM tip-MgO film junction. The signal from exciton decays at corners and kinks of the MgO surface is however only observed at excitation conditions where the spatial resolution is already strongly reduced.
Alvarez, Ma Claudine Agnes, and 雷瑞思. "Does Accessibility Affect Employment Levels? Examining the Spatial Mismatch Hypothesis in the Philippines." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/q423t7.
Full text國立政治大學
應用經濟與社會發展英語碩士學位學程(IMES)
106
The spatial mismatch hypothesis states that low access to potential employers or firms is associated with lower employment levels in a region, and that the distribution of these potential jobs and employment levels are not evenly distributed across space. This study aims to test this hypothesis in the context of the Philippines, where a trend of unbalanced regional development is becoming more and more apparent. The results reveal that access to firms has a positive significant effect on employment levels even when controlling for other location and working-age population characteristics. Moreover, the results also show that high-employment and high-access communities are significantly clustered in Manila, to the disadvantage of its neighboring provinces. These findings suggest that access to potential employers is a significant contributor to a region’s employment levels and that initiatives aimed at solving the unemployment problem should give more focus on job creation near underserved workers’ locations.
Hunter, Boyd. "Changes in the Geographic Dispersion of Urban Employment in Australia." Phd thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/47287.
Full textMcGue, Mary Colleen. "Examining transportation's role in social vulnerability : São Paulo, Brazil." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-05-3016.
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