Relevant bibliographies by topics / Spatial jitter

Academic literature on the topic 'Spatial jitter'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Spatial jitter"

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Khademi, Fatemeh, Chih-Yang Chen, and Ziad M. Hafed. "Visual feature tuning of superior colliculus neural reafferent responses after fixational microsaccades." Journal of Neurophysiology 123, no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 2136–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00077.2020.

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Despite being diminutive, microsaccades still jitter retinal images. We investigated how such jitter affects superior colliculus (SC) activity. We found that SC neurons exhibit short-latency visual reafferent bursts after microsaccades. These bursts reflect not only the spatial luminance profiles of visual patterns but also how such profiles are shifted by eye movement size and direction. These results indicate that the SC continuously represents visual patterns, even as they are jittered by the smallest possible saccades.
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Nagasako, Elna, Robert Boyd, and Girish Saran Agarwal. "Vacuum-induced jitter in spatial solitons." Optics Express 3, no. 5 (August 31, 1997): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.3.000171.

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WANG, WENQIN. "CLOCK TIMING JITTER ANALYSIS AND COMPENSATION FOR BISTATIC SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR SYSTEMS." Fluctuation and Noise Letters 07, no. 03 (September 2007): L341—L350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219477507003982.

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Bistatic synthetic aperture radar (SAR) operates with distinct transmit and receive antennas that are mounted on separate platforms. Such a spatial separation has several operational advantages, which will increase the capability, reliability and flexibility of future SAR missions. However, this configuration results that there is no cancelation of low frequency oscillator noise as in the monostatic cases. As a consequence, high accurate time synchronization or clock timing jitter compensation must be provided. Literature search reveals little time synchronization work for bistatic SAR has been reported. As such, the use of a new range alignment algorithm to quantify and compensate clock timing jitter is proposed. The impact of clock timing jitter on bistatic SAR is analyzed, and the performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated. Simulation results show that successful clock timing jitter compensation for bistatic SAR is achieved by using the proposed algorithm.
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Shinohara, K., K. Fukuda, and K. Uchikawa. "Jitter detection exceeds spatial frequency limit of the visual system." Journal of Vision 11, no. 11 (September 23, 2011): 1186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/11.11.1186.

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Watson, Lynne M., Niall C. Strang, Fraser Scobie, Gordon D. Love, Dirk Seidel, and Velitchko Manahilov. "Image Jitter Enhances Visual Performance when Spatial Resolution Is Impaired." Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science 53, no. 10 (September 6, 2012): 6004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/iovs.11-9157.

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Gripeos, Panagiotis J., Hector E. Nistazakis, Andreas D. Tsigopoulos, Vasilis Christofilakis, and Evgenia Roditi. "Time and Spatial Jitter Influence on the Performance of FSO Links with DF Relays and OC Diversity Over Turbulence Channels." Photonics 8, no. 8 (August 7, 2021): 318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8080318.

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FSO communication is a viral technology among optical wireless communications, gathering the interest of both researchers and manufacturers. This is because of the many advantages associated with FSO communication, including high data rates, reliability, safety, and economy. However, there are several unavoidable drawbacks that shadow the performance of FSO systems. For example, atmospheric turbulence is a well-known problem related to the weather conditions of the channel, which causes the scintillation effect. Also, spatial jitter due to pointing errors is a critical factor of the link’s performance, caused by occasional misalignments between the transmitter and the receiver. Moreover, time jitter is another limiting agent that deteriorates the total throughput, inducing bit stream misdetections, caused by the arrival of out-of-sync pulses. All three effects have been exhaustively studied and many statistical models and interesting solutions have been proposed in the literature to estimate their magnitude and compensate for their impact. In this work, the turbulence effect was treated by Málaga distribution, the spatial jitter effect was regulated by the non-zero boresight model, and the time jitter effect was modeled by the generalized Gaussian distribution. Various modulation schemes were studied, along with DF multi-hop and optimal combining diversity techniques at the receiver’s end. New, accurate mathematical expressions of average BER performance have been obtained, and valuable conclusions were drawn thanks to the presented numerical results.
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Franz, Marcel, Moritz M. Nickel, Alexander Ritter, Wolfgang H. R. Miltner, and Thomas Weiss. "Somatosensory spatial attention modulates amplitudes, latencies, and latency jitter of laser-evoked brain potentials." Journal of Neurophysiology 113, no. 7 (April 2015): 2760–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00070.2015.

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Several studies provided evidence that the amplitudes of laser-evoked potentials (LEPs) are modulated by attention. However, previous reports were based on across-trial averaging of LEP responses at the expense of losing information about intertrial variability related to attentional modulation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of somatosensory spatial attention on single-trial parameters (i.e., amplitudes, latencies, and latency jitter) of LEP components (N2 and P2). Twelve subjects participated in a sustained spatial attention paradigm while noxious laser stimuli (left hand) and noxious electrical stimuli (right hand) were sequentially delivered to the dorsum of the respective hand with nonnoxious air puffs randomly interspersed within the sequence of noxious stimuli. Participants were instructed to mentally count all stimuli (i.e., noxious and nonnoxious) applied to the attended location. Laser stimuli, presented to the attended hand (ALS), elicited larger single-trial amplitudes of the N2 component compared with unattended laser stimuli (ULS). In contrast, single-trial amplitudes of the P2 component were not significantly affected by spatial attention. Single-trial latencies of the N2 and P2 were significantly smaller for ALS vs. ULS. Additionally, the across-trial latency jitter of the N2 component was reduced for ALS. Conversely, the latency jitter of the P2 component was smaller for ULS compared with ALS. With the use of single-trial analysis, the study provided new insights into brain dynamics of LEPs related to spatial attention. Our results indicate that single-trial parameters of LEP components are differentially modulated by spatial attention.
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Guo, Ru Hai, Kui Shi, Jun Ma, Run Qiang Jiang, and Shuai Bei Yu. "Built-Up Alignment System by Four-Quadrant Detector in High Power Laser System." Key Engineering Materials 552 (May 2013): 415–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.552.415.

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Spatial stability is an important property of a laser beam for a laser system. Because four-quadrant detector has more high damage threshold than CCD, it can be applied in a high laser system to monitor the direction of laser beam. In this article, the four-quadrant detector as pointing monitor device is used for a 532nm semiconductor laser, which can obtain the center position of laser spot quickly. In the experiment, the amount of shift and jitter for laser beam is measured at first. Next step is combining rotating stage and lens to measure the alignment error for three angles. The results show that the top amount of shift and jitter is 3.6″ and the average of combined pointing error is around 6″. The data can support the spatial beam pointing stability system which needs feedback system with fast steering mirrors.
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Sutton, S. S., A. K. Boyd, R. L. Kirk, D. Cook, J. W. Backer, A. Fennema, R. Heyd, A. S. McEwen, and S. D. Mirchandani. "CORRECTING SPACECRAFT JITTER IN HIRISE IMAGES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W1 (July 25, 2017): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w1-141-2017.

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Mechanical oscillations or vibrations on spacecraft, also called pointing jitter, cause geometric distortions and/or smear in high resolution digital images acquired from orbit. Geometric distortion is especially a problem with pushbroom type sensors, such as the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) instrument on board the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO). Geometric distortions occur at a range of frequencies that may not be obvious in the image products, but can cause problems with stereo image correlation in the production of digital elevation models, and in measuring surface changes over time in orthorectified images. The HiRISE focal plane comprises a staggered array of fourteen charge-coupled devices (CCDs) with pixel IFOV of 1 microradian. The high spatial resolution of HiRISE makes it both sensitive to, and an excellent recorder of jitter. We present an algorithm using Fourier analysis to resolve the jitter function for a HiRISE image that is then used to update instrument pointing information to remove geometric distortions from the image. Implementation of the jitter analysis and image correction is performed on selected HiRISE images. Resulting corrected images and updated pointing information are made available to the public. Results show marked reduction of geometric distortions. This work has applications to similar cameras operating now, and to the design of future instruments (such as the Europa Imaging System).
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Wang, Shengxiang, Jianhong Liu, Yinghao Li, Jian Chen, Yong Guan, and Lei Zhu. "Jitter correction for transmission X-ray microscopy via measurement of geometric moments." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 26, no. 5 (August 19, 2019): 1808–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577519008865.

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Transmission X-ray microscopes (TXMs) have become one of the most powerful tools for imaging 3D structures of nano-scale samples using the computed tomography (CT) principle. As a major error source, sample jitter caused by mechanical instability of the rotation stage produces shifted 2D projections, from which reconstructed images contain severe motion artifacts. In this paper, a jitter correction algorithm is proposed, that has high accuracy and computational efficiency for TXM experiments with or without nano-particle markers. Geometric moments (GMs) are measured on segmented projections for each angle and fitted to sinusoidal curves in the angular direction. Sample jitter is estimated from the difference between the measured and the fitted GMs for image correction. On a digital phantom, the proposed method removes jitter errors at different noise levels. Physical experiments on chlorella cells show that the proposed GM method achieves better spatial resolution and higher computational efficiency than the re-projection method, a state-of-the-art algorithm using iterative correction. It even outperforms the approach of manual alignment, the current gold standard, on faithfully maintaining fine structures on the CT images. Our method is practically attractive in that it is computationally efficient and lowers experimental costs in current TXM studies without using expensive nano-particles markers.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Spatial jitter"

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Thorne, Chris. "Origin-centric techniques for optimising scalability and the fidelity of motion, interaction and rendering." University of Western Australia. School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0177.

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[Truncated abstract] This research addresses endemic problems in the fields of computer graphics and simulation such as jittery motion, spatial scalability, rendering problems such as z-buffer tearing, the repeatability of physics dynamics and numerical error in positional systems. Designers of simulation and computer graphics software tend to map real world navigation rules onto the virtual world, expecting to see equivalent virtual behaviour. After all, if computers are programmed to simulate the real world, it is reasonable to expect the virtual behaviour to correspond. However, in computer simulation many behaviours and other computations show measurable problems inconsistent with realworld experience, particularly at large distances from the virtual world origin. Many of these problems, particularly in rendering, can be imperceptible, so users may be oblivious to them, but they are measurable using experimental methods. These effects, generically termed spatial jitter in this thesis, are found in this study to stem from floating point error in positional parameters such as spatial coordinates. This simulation error increases with distance from the coordinate origin and as the simulation progresses through the pipeline. The most common form of simulation error relevant to this study is spatial error which is found by this thesis to not be calculated, as may be expected, using numerical relative error propagation rules but using the rules of geometry. ... The thesis shows that the thinking behind real-world rules, such as for navigation, has to change in order to properly design for optimal fidelity simulation. Origincentric techniques, formulae, terms, architecture and processes are all presented as one holistic solution in the form of an optimised simulation pipeline. The results of analysis, experiments and case studies are used to derive a formula for relative spatial error that accounts for potential pathological cases. A formula for spatial error propagation is then derived by using the new knowledge of spatial error to extend numerical relative error propagation mathematics. Finally, analytical results are developed to provide a general mathematical expression for maximum simulation error and how it varies with distance from the origin and the number of mathematical operations performed. We conclude that the origin centric approach provides a general and optimal solution to spatial jitter. Along with changing the way one thinks about navigation, process guidelines and formulae developed in the study, the approach provides a new paradigm for positional computing. This paradigm can improve many aspects of computer simulation in areas such as entertainment, visualisation for education, industry, science, or training. Examples are: spatial scalability, the accuracy of motion, interaction and rendering; and the consistency and predictability of numerical computation in physics. This research also affords potential cost benefits through simplification of software design and code. These cost benefits come from some core techniques for minimising position dependent error, error propagation and also the simplifications and from new algorithms that flow naturally out of the core solution.
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Book chapters on the topic "Spatial jitter"

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Gruneisen, Rachel. "High Precision Photometry from Space with COROT: Effect of the Spatial Image Jitter on the Photometric Performances of CCDs." In Optical Detectors for Astronomy, 217–22. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5262-4_33.

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Ukil, Arijit. "Advanced Scheduling Schemes in 4G Systems." In Wireless Technologies, 2108–57. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61350-101-6.ch809.

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The deterministic factor for 4G wireless technologies is to successfully deliver high value services such as voice, video, real-time data with well defined Quality of Service (QoS), which has strict prerequisite of throughput, delay, latency and jitter. This requirement should be achieved with minimum use of limited shared resources. This constraint leads to the development and implementation of scheduling policy which along with adaptive physical layer design completely exploit the frequency, temporal and spatial dimensions of the resource space of multi-user system to achieve the best system-level performance. The basic goal for scheduling is to allocate the users with the network resources in a channel aware way primarily as a function of time and frequency to satisfy individual user’s service request delivery (QoS guarantee) and overall system performance optimization. Advanced scheduling schemes consider cross-layer optimization principle, where to fully optimize wireless broadband networks; both the challenges from the physical medium and the QoS-demands from the applications are to be taken into account. Cross-layer optimization needs to be accomplished by the design philosophy of jointly optimizing the physical, media access control, and link layer, while leveraging the standard IP network architecture. Cross-layer design approaches are critical for efficient utilization of the scarce radio resources with QoS provisioning in 4G wireless networks and beyond. The scheduler, in a sense, becomes the focal point for achieving any cross-layer optimization, given that the system design allows for this. The scheduler uses information from the physical layer up to the application layer to make decisions and perform optimization. This is a fundamental advantage over a system where the intelligence is distributed throughout the all entities of the network. In this chapter, the authors present an overview of the basic scheduling schemes as well as investigate advanced scheduling schemes particularly in OFDMA and packet scheduling schemes in all-IP based 4G systems. Game theoretic approach of distributed scheduling, which is of particular importance in wireless ad hoc networks, will also be discussed. 4G wireless networks are mostly MIMO based which introduces another degree of freedom for optimization, i.e. spatial dimension, for which scheduling in MIMO systems is very much complicated and computation intensive. MIMO resource allocation and scheduling is also covered in this chapter. The key research challenges in 4G wireless networks like LTE, WiMAX and the future research direction for scheduling problems in 4G networks are also presented in this chapter.
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Conference papers on the topic "Spatial jitter"

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Pavlovych, Andriy, and Wolfgang Stuerzlinger. "The tradeoff between spatial jitter and latency in pointing tasks." In the 1st ACM SIGCHI symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1570433.1570469.

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Liu, Hui, Hong Shi, and John Xie. "Reduce simultaneous switching jitter in number, spatial, time, and frequency dimensions." In 2010 Proceedings 60th Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ectc.2010.5490802.

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Teather, R. J., A. Pavlovych, and W. Stuerzlinger. "Effects of Latency and Spatial Jitter on 2D and 3D Pointing." In 2009 IEEE Virtual Reality Conference. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vr.2009.4811029.

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Teather, Robert J., Andriy Pavlovych, Wolfgang Stuerzlinger, and I. Scott MacKenzie. "Effects of tracking technology, latency, and spatial jitter on object movement." In 2009 IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/3dui.2009.4811204.

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Antoine, Axel, Mathieu Nancel, Ella Ge, Jingjie Zheng, Navid Zolghadr, and Géry Casiez. "Modeling and Reducing Spatial Jitter caused by Asynchronous Input and Output Rates." In UIST '20: The 33rd Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3379337.3415833.

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Souloumiac, Antoine, and Bertrand Rivet. "Improved estimation of EEG evoked potentials by jitter compensation and enhancing spatial filters." In ICASSP 2013 - 2013 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2013.6637845.

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Hyun, Dongwoon, Yufeng Deng, Arsenii Telichko, and Jeremy Dahl. "Notice of Removal: Reduced jitter in displacement estimation using the spatial coherence of backscatter." In 2017 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ultsym.2017.8092922.

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Varotsos, G. K., H. E. Nistazakis, K. Aidinis, F. Jaber, K. K. Mujeeb Rahman, A. D. Tsigopoulos, and V. Christofilakis. "Average BER Estimation of Retroreflective Transdermal Optical Wireless Links with Diversity, Attenuation and Spatial Jitter." In 2020 9th International Conference on Modern Circuits and Systems Technologies (MOCAST). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mocast49295.2020.9200301.

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Ninos, M. P., H. E. Nistazakis, G. P. Latsas, G. S. Tombras, and N. Konofaos. "PSK OFDM optical wireless communication systems with receiver's diversity over gamma-gamma turbulence channels and spatial jitter." In 2017 6th International Conference on Modern Circuits and Systems Technologies (MOCAST). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mocast.2017.7937668.

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Varotsos, G. K., H. E. Nistazakis, G. S. Tombras, and W. Gappmair. "Average error performance in Subcarrier PSK FSO links over weak turbulence channels with spatial jitter and phase noise." In 2017 6th International Conference on Modern Circuits and Systems Technologies (MOCAST). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mocast.2017.7937669.

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