Journal articles: 'Spatial Hearing'

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Blauert, Jens, John S. Allen, and Thomas D. Rossing. "Spatial Hearing." American Journal of Physics 53, no. 9 (September 1985): 926–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.14385.

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Orlowski, R. J. "Spatial hearing." Applied Acoustics 18, no. 3 (1985): 235–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-682x(85)90035-0.

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Ihlefeld, Antje,. "Updates on Spatial Hearing." Hearing Journal 73, no. 3 (March 2020): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.hj.0000657972.92810.1a.

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Amelia, Ria R., and Dhany Arifianto. "Spatial cues on normal hearing and cochlear implant simulation with different coding strategies." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 4 (October 2022): A90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0015647.

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Cochlear implant users are known to have limited access to spatial cues. This study investigated the perception of spatial cues in normal-hearing listeners and cochlear implant simulation users. Perception of spatial cues is assessed for performance in determining the direction of the sound and understanding the speech. The results show that cochlear implant simulation users still have access to spatial cues, just like normal- hearing listeners. Normal-hearing listeners and cochlear implant simulation users can perceive spatial cues in ILD and ITD. Both can accurately identify the direction of the sound (slope ≈ 1.00 and of set ≈ 0.00°). Cochlear implant simulation users can understand sentences as well as normal-hearing listeners (PCW = 113.64 rau) by using the coding strategy SPEAK in all channels or CIS with channel above 8. Perception of spatial cues in normal-hearing listeners and cochlear implant users can be improved by listening with two ears and spatially separating the target-masker position. The largest improvement in spatial cue perception was obtained from the head shadow effect (normal-hearing (NH) = 12.96, cochlear implant simulation users (CI) = 59.02), followed by binaural summation (NH = 5.72, CI = 19, 86) and binaural squelch (NH = 3.76, CI = 7.66).

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Jung, Wha Weon, Jae Ho Han, and Jae Hee Lee. "Objective and Subjective Measures of Spatial Hearing in Unilateral Cochlear Implant Users with Bilateral Profound Hearing Loss." Audiology and Speech Research 20, no. 2 (April 30, 2024): 100–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.21848/asr.240141.

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Purpose: The ability to benefit from spatial separation between target and masker signals is important in multi-sound source listening environments. The goal of this study was to measure the spatial release from masking (SRM) in unilateral cochlear implant (CI) users with bilateral profound hearing loss. We also determined the relationships between the SRMs and the self-reported spatial hearing abilities.Methods: Fourteen unilateral CI users with bilateral profound hearing loss participated in this study. The target sentence was always presented to the front of the listener, and the nonfluctuating speech-shaped noise (SSN) or fluctuating speech noise was either co-located with the target (speech at 0°, noise at 0°, S0N0) or spatially separated at ± 90°. The SRM was quantified as the difference between speech recognition thresholds (SRTs) in the co-located and spatially separated conditions. The self-reported spatial hearing abilities were also measured using validated subjective questionnaires.Results: Overall, the SRTs were lower (better) with SSN than with fluctuating speech noise. When the noise was presented to the non-CI ear (speech at 0°, noise at non-CI ear, S0Nnonci), speech-in-noise recognition was the greatest due to head shadow or better-ear listening effect, resulting in the SRMs of approximately 5~6 dB regardless of noise type. When the noise was given to the CI ear (speech at 0°, noise at CI ear, S0Nci), some individuals exhibited positive SRMs (3~8 dB), while others showed negative SRMs, leading to little SRMs overall. When the SSN was given, subjects with less SRMs (less spatial separation benefits on the objective test) reported greater subjective spatial hearing difficulties.Conclusion: The spatial hearing of unilateral CI users varied by the position of the sound source. Listeners' spatial hearing abilities, which are unpredictable from clinical routine tests, need to be assessed by either objective or subjective measures.

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Van Esch, T. E. M., M. E. Lutman, M. Vormann, J. Lyzenga, M. Hällgren, B. Larsby, S. P. Athalye, T. Houtgast, B. Kollmeier, and W. A. Dreschler. "Relations between psychophysical measures of spatial hearing and self-reported spatial-hearing abilities." International Journal of Audiology 54, no. 3 (December 10, 2014): 182–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/14992027.2014.953216.

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Roup, Christina M., Sarah D. Ferguson, and Devan Lander. "The relationship between extended high-frequency hearing and the binaural spatial advantage in young to middle-aged firefighters." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 154, no. 4 (October 1, 2023): 2055–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0021172.

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Relationships between extended high-frequency (EHF) thresholds and speech-in-spatialized noise were examined in firefighters with a history of occupational noise and airborne toxin exposure. Speech recognition thresholds were measured for co-located and spatially separated (±90° azimuth) sentences in a competing signal using the Listening in Spatialized Noise–Sentences test. EHF hearing was significantly correlated with the spatial advantage, indicating that firefighters with poorer EHF thresholds experienced less benefit from spatial separation. The correlation between EHF thresholds and spatial hearing remained significant after controlling for age. Deficits in EHF and spatial hearing suggest firefighters may experience compromised speech understanding in job-related complex acoustic environments.

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Murphy, John, A. Quentin Summerfield, Gerard M. O’Donoghue, and David R. Moore. "Spatial hearing of normally hearing and cochlear implanted children." International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology 75, no. 4 (April 2011): 489–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2011.01.002.

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Getzmann, Stephan, Jörg Lewald, and Rainer Guski. "Representational Momentum in Spatial Hearing." Perception 33, no. 5 (May 2004): 591–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p5093.

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van der Heijden, Kiki, Josef P. Rauschecker, Beatrice de Gelder, and Elia Formisano. "Cortical mechanisms of spatial hearing." Nature Reviews Neuroscience 20, no. 10 (August 29, 2019): 609–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41583-019-0206-5.

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Keen, Rachel. "Cognitive influences on spatial hearing." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 123, no. 5 (May 2008): 3416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2934151.

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King, Andrew J., Oliver Kacelnik, Thomas D. Mrsic-Flogel, Jan W. H. Schnupp, Carl H. Parsons, and David R. Moore. "How Plastic Is Spatial Hearing?" Audiology and Neuro-Otology 6, no. 4 (2001): 182–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000046829.

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Suzuki, Yôiti. "Special issue on spatial hearing." Acoustical Science and Technology 24, no. 5 (2003): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1250/ast.24.207.

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Shin, Joon, and Junghwa Bahng. "Auditory Training for Spatial Hearing Loss: Two Case Reports of the Older Adults Who Wear Hearing Aids." Audiology and Speech Research 17, no. 3 (July 31, 2021): 307–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21848/asr.210017.

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The elderly with hearing loss have often experienced spatial hearing deficits when only wearing hearing aids. This case study aimed to investigate whether auditory training for spatial hearing loss could improve the spatial hearing ability of the elderly who wear hearing aids. Two older adults (males, aged 75 years and 78 years) who were wearing bilateral hearing aids participated. They had symmetric sensorineural hearing loss. A total of 16 auditory-training sessions (40 minutes, twice per week) for auditory training for spatial hearing ability provided. For outcome measurements, we assessed speech reception thresholds (SRTs) and spatial release from masking (SRM), using two types of noise, steady-state noise and speech-like noise at pre- and post-auditory training. Both subjects increased SRTs after the auditory training, but the SRM of only one participant improved. Also, there were no masking effects for SRM in terms of noise types. Both subjects reported that their trained hearing skills helped in communication with their families and friends. These results suggested that audiologists can consider auditory training for focusing on the spatial hearing loss for the elderly hearing aids users.

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McNeil, M. L., M. Gulliver, D. P. Morris, F. M. Makki, and M. Bance. "Can audiometric results predict qualitative hearing improvements in bone-anchored hearing aid recipients?" Journal of Laryngology & Otology 128, no. 1 (December 16, 2013): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215113003150.

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AbstractIntroduction:Patients receiving a bone-anchored hearing aid have well-documented improvements in their quality of life and audiometric performance. However, the relationship between audiometric measurements and subjective improvement is not well understood.Methods:Adult patients enrolled in the Nova Scotia bone-anchored hearing aid programme were identified. The pure tone average for fitting the sound-field threshold, as well as the better and worse hearing ear bone conduction and air conduction levels, were collected pre-operatively. Recipients were asked to complete the Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing questionnaire; their partners were asked to complete a pre- and post-bone anchored hearing aid fitting Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults questionnaire.Results:Forty-eight patients who completed and returned the Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing questionnaire had partners who completed the Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults questionnaire. The results from the Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing questionnaire correlated with the sound-field hearing threshold post-bone-anchored hearing aid fitting and the pure tone average of the better hearing ear bone conduction (total Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale to the pre-operative better hearing ear air curve (r = 0.3); worse hearing ear air curve (r = 0.27); post-operative, bone-anchored hearing aid-aided sound-field thresholds (r = 0.35)). An improvement in sound-field threshold correlated only with spatial abilities. In the Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults questionnaire, there was no correlation between the subjective evaluation of each patient and their partner.Conclusion:The subjective impressions of hearing aid recipients with regards to speech reception and the spatial qualities of hearing correlate well with pre-operative audiometric results. However, the overall magnitude of sound-field improvement predicts an improvement of spatial perception, but not other aspects of hearing, resulting in hearing aid recipients having strongly disparate subjective impressions when compared to those of their partners.

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Perreau, Ann E., Hua Ou, Richard Tyler, and Camille Dunn. "Self-Reported Spatial Hearing Abilities Across Different Cochlear Implant Profiles." American Journal of Audiology 23, no. 4 (December 2014): 374–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2014_aja-14-0015.

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Purpose The goal of this study was to determine how self-reported spatial hearing abilities differ across various cochlear implant (CI) profiles and to examine the degree of subjective benefit following cochlear implantation across different groups of CI users. Method This was a retrospective study of subjective spatial hearing ability of CI recipients. The subjects consisted of 99 unilateral CI users, 49 bilateral CI users, 32 subjects with a CI and contralateral hearing aid (bimodal users), and 37 short-electrode CI users. All subjects completed the Spatial Hearing Questionnaire (Tyler, Perreau, & Ji, 2009), a questionnaire assessing spatial hearing ability, after implantation, and a subset of the subjects completed the questionnaire pre- and postimplantation. Results Subjective spatial hearing ability was rated higher for the bilateral and short electrode CI users compared to the unilateral and bimodal users. There was no significant difference in subjective spatial hearing performance between the bilateral and short electrode CI users and the unilateral CI and bimodal users. A separate analysis of pre- and postimplant performance revealed that all CI groups reported significant improvements in spatial hearing ability after implantation. Conclusion This study suggests that there are substantial differences in perceived spatial hearing ability among unilateral and bimodal CI users compared with bilateral and short electrode CI users.

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Perreau, Ann E., Bryn Spejcher, Hua Ou, and Richard Tyler. "The Spatial Hearing Questionnaire: Data From Individuals With Normal Hearing." American Journal of Audiology 23, no. 2 (June 2014): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2014_aja-13-0049.

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Purpose Although a number of questionnaires are available to assess hearing aid benefit and general hearing disability, relatively few investigate spatial hearing ability in more complex listening situations. The aim of this study was to document the performance of individuals with normal hearing using the Spatial Hearing Questionnaire (SHQ; Tyler, Perreau, & Ji, 2009) and to compare performance with published data from cochlear implant (CI) users. Method Fifty-one participants with normal hearing participated. All participants completed the 24-item SHQ. Also, a factor analysis and reliability tests were performed. Results Performance on the SHQ was high (87%) for the participants with normal hearing. Subjective ratings varied across different listening situations: Understanding speech in quiet (98%) was rated higher than sound localization (84%) and understanding speech in a background of noise (85%). Compared with previously published data (Tyler, Perreau, & Ji, 2009), listeners with normal hearing rated their spatial hearing ability significantly better than bilateral and unilateral CI users. Results confirmed that the SHQ is a reliable measure of spatial hearing ability for listeners with normal hearing. Conclusions Overall, results indicated that the SHQ is able to capture expected differences between individuals with normal hearing and CI users. These new data can be used as targets following the provision of hearing devices.

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Shin, Joon, Hyo-Jeong Lee, and Junghwa Bahng. "Spatial hearing in middle-aged and older adults with a hearing aid: Does noise type matter?" Clinical Archives of Communication Disorders 7, no. 2 (August 31, 2022): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21849/cacd.2021.00458.

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Purpose: The present study aimed to identify the overall patterns of spatial hearing in a sample population of the geriatric population wearing a hearing aid in an actual clinical setting and to investigate while paying attention to aging and the effects of spatial separation on informational masking (IM) of target speech of common types of noise in everyday life.Methods: Nine participants (mean age: 68.9 ± 9.6) wearing hearing aids participated. The spatial hearing abilities of the participants were assessed by measuring their speech reception threshold (SRT) and spatial release from masking (SRM), using speech-like (SLN) and steady-state (SSN) noise-maskers.Results: The study results identified a trend in the decrease in SRT in all noise conditions with increasing azimuth angles. The larger the target/masker spatial separation, the larger the SRM became in all noise conditions. Results revealed that geriatric hearing-impaired participants experienced a comparable amount of SRM from IM in SLN concerning SSN.Conclusions: Given these findings, the spatial separation did not have the same effects on the IM of target speech by SLN in the geriatric population wearing a hearing aid as it did in the general hearing-impaired population at younger ages. It can be inferred from these findings that the extent to which informational maskers can compromise the spatial hearing abilities of geriatric hearing-impaired listeners may depend on their age and the severity of spatial hearing loss being imposed on them.

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Corbin, Nicole E., Emily Buss, and Lori J. Leibold. "Spatial Hearing and Functional Auditory Skills in Children With Unilateral Hearing Loss." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 64, no. 11 (November 8, 2021): 4495–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2021_jslhr-20-00081.

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Purpose The purpose of this study was to characterize spatial hearing abilities of children with longstanding unilateral hearing loss (UHL). UHL was expected to negatively impact children's sound source localization and masked speech recognition, particularly when the target and masker were separated in space. Spatial release from masking (SRM) in the presence of a two-talker speech masker was expected to predict functional auditory performance as assessed by parent report. Method Participants were 5- to 14-year-olds with sensorineural or mixed UHL, age-matched children with normal hearing (NH), and adults with NH. Sound source localization was assessed on the horizontal plane (−90° to 90°), with noise that was either all-pass, low-pass, high-pass, or an unpredictable mixture. Speech recognition thresholds were measured in the sound field for sentences presented in two-talker speech or speech-shaped noise. Target speech was always presented from 0°; the masker was either colocated with the target or spatially separated at ±90°. Parents of children with UHL rated their children's functional auditory performance in everyday environments via questionnaire. Results Sound source localization was poorer for children with UHL than those with NH. Children with UHL also derived less SRM than those with NH, with increased masking for some conditions. Effects of UHL were larger in the two-talker than the noise masker, and SRM in two-talker speech increased with age for both groups of children. Children with UHL whose parents reported greater functional difficulties achieved less SRM when either masker was on the side of the better-hearing ear. Conclusions Children with UHL are clearly at a disadvantage compared with children with NH for both sound source localization and masked speech recognition with spatial separation. Parents' report of their children's real-world communication abilities suggests that spatial hearing plays an important role in outcomes for children with UHL.

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Corbin, Nicole E., Emily Buss, and Lori J. Leibold. "Spatial Hearing and Functional Auditory Skills in Children With Unilateral Hearing Loss." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 64, no. 11 (November 8, 2021): 4495–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2021_jslhr-20-00081.

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Purpose The purpose of this study was to characterize spatial hearing abilities of children with longstanding unilateral hearing loss (UHL). UHL was expected to negatively impact children's sound source localization and masked speech recognition, particularly when the target and masker were separated in space. Spatial release from masking (SRM) in the presence of a two-talker speech masker was expected to predict functional auditory performance as assessed by parent report. Method Participants were 5- to 14-year-olds with sensorineural or mixed UHL, age-matched children with normal hearing (NH), and adults with NH. Sound source localization was assessed on the horizontal plane (−90° to 90°), with noise that was either all-pass, low-pass, high-pass, or an unpredictable mixture. Speech recognition thresholds were measured in the sound field for sentences presented in two-talker speech or speech-shaped noise. Target speech was always presented from 0°; the masker was either colocated with the target or spatially separated at ±90°. Parents of children with UHL rated their children's functional auditory performance in everyday environments via questionnaire. Results Sound source localization was poorer for children with UHL than those with NH. Children with UHL also derived less SRM than those with NH, with increased masking for some conditions. Effects of UHL were larger in the two-talker than the noise masker, and SRM in two-talker speech increased with age for both groups of children. Children with UHL whose parents reported greater functional difficulties achieved less SRM when either masker was on the side of the better-hearing ear. Conclusions Children with UHL are clearly at a disadvantage compared with children with NH for both sound source localization and masked speech recognition with spatial separation. Parents' report of their children's real-world communication abilities suggests that spatial hearing plays an important role in outcomes for children with UHL.

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Kerkhoff, Georg, Frank Artinger, and Wolfram Ziegler. "Contrasting spatial hearing deficits in hemianopia and spatial neglect." NeuroReport 10, no. 17 (November 1999): 3555–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001756-199911260-00017.

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Szczepański, Grzegorz, Leszek Morzyński, Dariusz Pleban, and Rafał Młyński. "CIOP-PIB test stand for studies on spatial sound perception using ambisonics." Occupational Safety – Science and Practice 565, no. 10 (October 22, 2018): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.6477.

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Acoustic signals can be a source of information affecting workers’ safety in the working environment. Sound perception, directional hearing and spatial orientation of people in the working environment depend on a number of factors, such as acoustic properties of the work room, noise and its parameters, the use of hearing protection, hearing loss or the use of hearing aids. Learning about the impact of these factors on perception, directional hearing and orientation requires using spatial sound and is essential for creating safe working conditions. This article presents basic information about ambisonics, a technique of spatial sound processing, and a test stand developed at the Central Institute for Labor Protection – National Research Institute for research on sound perception, directional hearing and spatial orientation of people using ambisonics.

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Ashmead, Daniel H., Robert S. Wall, Kiara A. Ebinger, Susan B. Eaton, Mary-M. Snook-Hill, and Xuefeng Yang. "Spatial Hearing in Children with Visual Disabilities." Perception 27, no. 1 (January 1998): 105–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p270105.

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A study is reported of the effect of early visual experience on the development of auditory space perception. The spatial hearing of thirty-five children with visual disabilities (twenty-two with congenital total blindness) was compared with that of eighteen sighted children and seventeen sighted adults. The tests provided a comprehensive assessment of spatial-hearing ability, including psychophysical estimates of spatial resolution in the horizontal, vertical, and distance dimensions, as well as measures of reaching and walking to the locations of sound sources. The spatial hearing of the children with visual disabilities was comparable to or some-what better than that of the sighted children and adults. This pattern held even when the group with visual disabilities was restricted to those children with congenital total blindness; in fact, some of those children had exceptionally good spatial hearing. These findings imply that the developmental calibration of human spatial hearing is not dependent on a history of visual experience. It seems likely that this calibration arises from the experience of changes in sound-localization cues arising from self-motion, such as turning the head or walking. As a practical matter, orientation and mobility instructors may reasonably assume that individuals with visual disabilities can use their hearing effectively in day-to-day travel situations.

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Koehnke, Janet, and Joan Besing. "Assessment of binaural and spatial hearing." Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery 7, no. 5 (October 1999): 290–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00020840-199910000-00013.

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Blumsack, Judith T., and Margaret E. Ross. "Self-Reported Spatial Hearing and Blindness." Visual Impairment Research 9, no. 1 (January 2007): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13882350701239365.

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Ahlstrom, Jayne B., Amy R. Horwitz, and Judy R. Dubno. "Spatial Benefit of Bilateral Hearing Aids." Ear and Hearing 30, no. 2 (April 2009): 203–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aud.0b013e31819769c1.

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Tyler, Richard S., Ann E. Perreau, and Haihong Ji. "Validation of the Spatial Hearing Questionnaire." Ear and Hearing 30, no. 4 (August 2009): 466–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aud.0b013e3181a61efe.

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Shinn-Cunningham, Barbara G. "How Poor Spatial Hearing Impedes Communication." Hearing Journal 71, no. 7 (July 2018): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.hj.0000542424.16302.1b.

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Adel Ghahraman, Mansoureh, Majid Ashrafi, Ghassem Mohammadkhani, and Shohreh Jalaie. "Effects of aging on spatial hearing." Aging Clinical and Experimental Research 32, no. 4 (June 15, 2019): 733–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40520-019-01233-3.

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de Rezende, Camila Ferreira, Sirley Alves da Silva Carvalho, Fernanda Jorge Maciel, Raimundo de Oliveira Neto, Darlan Venâncio Thomaz Pereira, and Stela Maris Aguiar Lemos. "Hearing health network: a spatial analysis." Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology 81, no. 3 (May 2015): 232–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjorl.2014.01.003.

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Kuntz, Matthieu, and Bernhard U. Seeber. "Spatial audio for interactive hearing research." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 265, no. 2 (February 1, 2023): 5120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in_2022_0741.

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The use of sound field synthesis for hearing research has gained popularity due to the ability to auralize a wide range of sound scenes in a controlled and reproducible way. We are interested in reproducing acoustic environments for interactive hearing research, allowing participants to move freely over an extended area in the reproduced sound field. While the physically accurate sound field reproduction using sound field synthesis is limited to the sweet spot, it is unclear how different perceptual measures vary across the reproduction area and how suitable sound field synthesis is to evaluate them. To investigate the viability of listening experiments and provide a database for modelling approaches, measurements of binaural cues were carried out in the Simulated Open Field Environment loudspeaker array. Results show that the binaural cues are reproduced well close to the center, but exhibit more variance than in the corresponding free field case. Off center, lower interaural coherence is observed, which can affect binaural unmasking and speech intelligibility. In this work, we study binaural cues and speech reception thresholds over a wide area in the loudspeaker array to investigate the feasibility of psychoacoustic experiments involving speech understanding.

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Zamiri Abdollahi, Farzaneh, Maryam Delphi, and Vafa Delphi. "The Correlation Analysis Between the Spatial Hearing Questionnaire (SHQ) and the Psychophysical Measurement of Spatial Hearing." Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 71, S2 (June 6, 2019): 1658–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12070-019-01674-2.

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Masitoh, Masitoh, and Suprijanto Suprijanto. "Quantifying active brain areas at spatial hearing process using Electroencephalography (EEG) source localization approach." ITM Web of Conferences 61 (2024): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20246101006.

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The human ability for spatial hearing encourages the development of spatial audio technology to support many human activities. Spatial audio mimics the real-life sound and provides a more immersive hearing experience as if the listener were present in the environment where the sound source was recorded. Recently, research on how spatial hearing processes are encoded in the brain has begun to be developed. As a modality for brain activity measurement that is non-invasive and has a high temporal resolution, Electroencephalography (EEG) is suitable for studying brain responses to moving sound stimuli. This study compared brain activity in hearing stereo and spatial audio stimulus. Through measurements using 21 EEG electrodes on the scalp, the results showed an increase in the mean PSD for all Theta, Alpha, and Beta waves in the spatial audio stimulus compared to stereo audio. The most significant increase in the mean PSD occurred in the Beta wave of 93.8008 µV2/Hz. Furthermore, the source localization approach with Independent Component Analysis (ICA) and Low-resolution Brain Electromagnetic Tomography (LORETA) method was used to estimate and quantify the active brain area of this process. The results showed an activation of the non-auditory cortex when the subject was hearing spatial audio stimulus. By using Paired T-Test of current density for both hearing processes, the results showed there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in Brodmann area (BA) 41 (Primary Auditory Cortex) and BA 42 (Secondary Auditory Cortex). Meanwhile, for the spatial audio hearing process, there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in BA 6 (Premotor Cortex), which is related to spatial orientation, and BA 9 (Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex), which is associated with executive functions, including working memory and selective attention. This study offers potential insights into spatial hearing research and immersive audio production.

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Kirsch, Christoph, Josef Poppitz, Torben Wendt, Steven van de Par, and Stephan D. Ewert. "Spatial Resolution of Late Reverberation in Virtual Acoustic Environments." Trends in Hearing 25 (January 2021): 233121652110549. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23312165211054924.

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Late reverberation involves the superposition of many sound reflections, approaching the properties of a diffuse sound field. Since the spatially resolved perception of individual late reflections is impossible, simplifications can potentially be made for modelling late reverberation in room acoustics simulations with reduced spatial resolution. Such simplifications are desired for interactive, real-time virtual acoustic environments with applications in hearing research and for the evaluation of hearing supportive devices. In this context, the number and spatial arrangement of loudspeakers used for playback additionally affect spatial resolution. The current study assessed the minimum number of spatially evenly distributed virtual late reverberation sources required to perceptually approximate spatially highly resolved isotropic and anisotropic late reverberation and to technically approximate a spherically isotropic sound field. The spatial resolution of the rendering was systematically reduced by using subsets of the loudspeakers of an 86-channel spherical loudspeaker array in an anechoic chamber, onto which virtual reverberation sources were mapped using vector base amplitude panning. It was tested whether listeners can distinguish lower spatial resolutions of reproduction of late reverberation from the highest achievable spatial resolution in different simulated rooms. The rendering of early reflections remained unchanged. The coherence of the sound field across a pair of microphones at ear and behind-the-ear hearing device distance was assessed to separate the effects of number of virtual sources and loudspeaker array geometry. Results show that between 12 and 24 reverberation sources are required for the rendering of late reverberation in virtual acoustic environments.

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Ou, Hua, Ann Perreau, and Richard S. Tyler. "Development of a Shortened Version of the Spatial Hearing Questionnaire (SHQ-S) for Screening Spatial-Hearing Ability." American Journal of Audiology 26, no. 3 (September 18, 2017): 293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2017_aja-17-0030.

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Bestel, Julie, Elsa Legris, Frédéric Rembaud, Thierry Mom, and John J. Galvin. "Speech understanding in diffuse steady noise in typically hearing and hard of hearing listeners." PLOS ONE 17, no. 9 (September 14, 2022): e0274435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274435.

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Spatial cues can facilitate segregation of target speech from maskers. However, in clinical practice, masked speech understanding is most often evaluated using co-located speech and maskers (i.e., without spatial cues). Many hearing aid centers in France are equipped with five-loudspeaker arrays, allowing masked speech understanding to be measured with spatial cues. It is unclear how hearing status may affect utilization of spatial cues to segregate speech and noise. In this study, speech reception thresholds (SRTs) for target speech in “diffuse noise” (target speech from 1 speaker, noise from the remaining 4 speakers) in 297 adult listeners across 9 Audilab hearing centers. Participants were categorized according to pure-tone-average (PTA) thresholds: typically-hearing (TH; ≤ 20 dB HL), mild hearing loss (Mild; >20 ≤ 40 dB HL), moderate hearing loss 1 (Mod-1; >40 ≤ 55 dB HL), and moderate hearing loss 2 (Mod-2; >55 ≤ 65 dB HL). All participants were tested without aided hearing. SRTs in diffuse noise were significantly correlated with PTA thresholds, age at testing, as well as word and phoneme recognition scores in quiet. Stepwise linear regression analysis showed that SRTs in diffuse noise were significantly predicted by a combination of PTA threshold and word recognition scores in quiet. SRTs were also measured in co-located and diffuse noise in 65 additional participants. SRTs were significantly lower in diffuse noise than in co-located noise only for the TH and Mild groups; masking release with diffuse noise (relative to co-located noise) was significant only for the TH group. The results are consistent with previous studies that found that hard of hearing listeners have greater difficulty using spatial cues to segregate competing speech. The data suggest that speech understanding in diffuse noise provides additional insight into difficulties that hard of hearing individuals experience in complex listening environments.

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Jung, Jaehoon, Byoung-Duk Lim, Hyoji Shin, and Jae Hee Lee. "Benefits from Spatial Separation and Fluctuating Masker on Sentence-in-Noise Recognition in Normal-Hearing and Hearing-Impaired Listeners." Audiology and Speech Research 19, no. 2 (April 30, 2023): 104–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21848/asr.220098.

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Purpose: This study examined the spatial separation benefit (SSB) and fluctuating masker benefit (FMB) for sentence-in-noise recognition in normal-hearing (NH) and hearing-impaired (HI) listeners.Methods: Twenty NH listeners and 10 HI listeners who were regular hearing-aid wearers participated in this study. To measure the SSB and the FMB, the Korean Matrix sentence-in-noise scores were obtained using different types of noise (steady-state speech-shaped noise, three sinusoidally amplitude-modulated noises) when the noise was colocated with the target source or was spatially separated by 30° or 60°.Results: For the NH group, the spatial separation between the target and masker was beneficial, regardless of the type of noise. Among the four types of noise, NH listeners performed poorer with speech-shaped noise than with other modulated noises, yielding a substantial improvement in speech-in-noise resulting from the masker’s fluctuation. The amount of SSB or FMB depended on the signal-to-noise ratios for the NH listeners. For HI listeners, the spatial separation was also advantageous in general, and their SSB was slightly greater in unfavorable listening conditions. However, the HI listeners hardly took advantage of the regular temporal dips of the modulated noise, even with the use of their hearing aids.Conclusion: NH listeners benefited from the fluctuation of the masker as well as the spatial separation between sound sources. A positive spatial separation benefit for HI listeners was only observed in an adverse listening condition. Regardless of the modulation rate, HI listeners received little benefit from glimpses of the target speech in the dips of the fluctuating masker. This result can be considered when planning audiological evaluation and rehabilitation for HI listeners.

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Tyler, Richard S., Shelley A. Witt, Camille C. Dunn, and Wenjun Wang. "Initial Development of a Spatially Separated Speech-in-Noise and Localization Training Program." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 21, no. 06 (June 2010): 390–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.21.6.4.

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Objective: This article describes the initial development of a novel approach for training hearing-impaired listeners to improve their ability to understand speech in the presence of background noise and to also improve their ability to localize sounds. Design: Most people with hearing loss, even those well fit with hearing devices, still experience significant problems understanding speech in noise. Prior research suggests that at least some subjects can experience improved speech understanding with training. However, all training systems that we are aware of have one basic, critical limitation. They do not provide spatial separation of the speech and noise, therefore ignoring the potential benefits of training binaural hearing. In this paper we describe our initial experience with a home-based training system that includes spatially separated speech-in-noise and localization training. Results: Throughout the development of this system patient input, training and preliminary pilot data from individuals with bilateral cochlear implants were utilized. Positive feedback from subjective reports indicated that some individuals were engaged in the treatment, and formal testing showed benefit. Feedback and practical issues resulted from the reduction of an eight-loudspeaker to a two-loudspeaker system. Conclusions: These preliminary findings suggest we have successfully developed a viable spatial hearing training system that can improve binaural hearing in noise and localization. Applications include, but are not limited to, hearing with hearing aids and cochlear implants.

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Vladimirova, Tatyana Yu, Anastasiya B. Martynova, and Svetlana S. Barbasheva. "Validation and prospects for the use of the Russian version of the Spatial Hearing Questionnaire (SHQ)." Aspirantskiy Vestnik Povolzhiya 23, no. 1 (March 21, 2023): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.55531/2072-2354.2023.23.1.15-20.

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Aim to validate the Russian version of the Spatial Hearing Questionnaire (SHQ) used for clarifying the spatial hearing impairment, translated from English and adapted. Material and methods. After cultural and linguistic adaptation, the reliability of the Russian version of SHQ was validated using the "test - retest" method in 35 people (mean age 51,215,6 years) in two groups: group I - people with normal hearing (17 people), group II - persons with chronic sensorineural hearing loss levels I-IV (18 people). Results. The reliability was assessed by -Cronbach and was equal to 0.981, the total correlation values 0.68 - 0.92. There was a statistically significant difference (p0.05) between mean SHQ scores in the two groups. Conclusion. Based on the results of our study, the Russian version of the SHQ can be used in practice of an otorhinolaryngologist as an additional diagnostic tool for spatial hearing disorders and during the hearing rehabilitation.

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Macpherson, Ewan A. "Studies of multisensory integration in sound localization and updating of auditory spatial attention during head motion." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 154, no. 4_supplement (October 1, 2023): A71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0022833.

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In daily life, our heads are in continual motion, but much of our knowledge of spatial hearing is based on experimental paradigms in which this behavior is discouraged or prevented. Head motion can benefit spatial hearing though the creation of dynamic acoustical cues, but also creates challenges such as the need to update head-centered spatial representations or the locus of spatial auditory attention. To utilize acoustic information generated by, or to compensate for, head movements, the auditory system must integrate self-motion information provided by other sensory systems. This presentation will review and contextualize a series of studies from the author's laboratory focused on the psychophysics of dynamic sound localization and the weighting of sensory information from vestibular, proprioceptive, and visual modalities in dynamic localization and maintenance of spatially selective auditory attention during head rotation. Notable findings include a velocity-independent ∼100-ms minimum stimulus duration for disambiguation of front/rear location in dynamic localization and the apparent dominance of vestibular information in the interpretation of dynamic localization cues and in attentional updating. The approach taken provides a step towards understanding the effects of naturalistic behavior on spatial hearing while maintaining significant experimental control and repeatability of stimuli and head movements.

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Sharma, Snandan, Lucas H.M. Mens, Ad F.M. Snik, A. John van Opstal, and Marc M. van Wanrooij. "Hearing Asymmetry Biases Spatial Hearing in Bimodal Cochlear-Implant Users Despite Bilateral Low-Frequency Hearing Preservation." Trends in Hearing 27 (January 2023): 233121652211439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23312165221143907.

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Many cochlear implant users with binaural residual (acoustic) hearing benefit from combining electric and acoustic stimulation (EAS) in the implanted ear with acoustic amplification in the other. These bimodal EAS listeners can potentially use low-frequency binaural cues to localize sounds. However, their hearing is generally asymmetric for mid- and high-frequency sounds, perturbing or even abolishing binaural cues. Here, we investigated the effect of a frequency-dependent binaural asymmetry in hearing thresholds on sound localization by seven bimodal EAS listeners. Frequency dependence was probed by presenting sounds with power in low-, mid-, high-, or mid-to-high-frequency bands. Frequency-dependent hearing asymmetry was present in the bimodal EAS listening condition (when using both devices) but was also induced by independently switching devices on or off. Using both devices, hearing was near symmetric for low frequencies, asymmetric for mid frequencies with better hearing thresholds in the implanted ear, and monaural for high frequencies with no hearing in the non-implanted ear. Results show that sound-localization performance was poor in general. Typically, localization was strongly biased toward the better hearing ear. We observed that hearing asymmetry was a good predictor for these biases. Notably, even when hearing was symmetric a preferential bias toward the ear using the hearing aid was revealed. We discuss how frequency dependence of any hearing asymmetry may lead to binaural cues that are spatially inconsistent as the spectrum of a sound changes. We speculate that this inconsistency may prevent accurate sound-localization even after long-term exposure to the hearing asymmetry.

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Schafer, Erin C., Stephanie Beeler, Hope Ramos, Mila Morais, Jamie Monzingo, and Katherine Algier. "Developmental Effects and Spatial Hearing in Young Children With Normal-Hearing Sensitivity." Ear and Hearing 33, no. 6 (2012): e32-e43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aud.0b013e318258c616.

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Koehnke, Janet, Joan Besing, Ianthe Dunn‐Murad, and Caryn Neuvirth. "The effects of aging on spatial hearing in listeners with normal hearing." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 112, no. 5 (November 2002): 2273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4779103.

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Kumpik, Daniel P., and Andrew J. King. "A review of the effects of unilateral hearing loss on spatial hearing." Hearing Research 372 (February 2019): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2018.08.003.

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Zhong, Xuan, and William A. Yost. "Relationship between Postural Stability and Spatial Hearing." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 24, no. 09 (October 2013): 782–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.24.9.3.

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Background: Maintaining balance is known to be a multisensory process that uses information from different sensory organs. Although it has been known for a long time that spatial hearing cues provide humans with moderately accurate abilities to localize sound sources, how the auditory system interacts with balance mediated by the vestibular system remains largely a mystery. Purpose: The primary goal of the current study was to determine whether auditory spatial cues obtained from a fixed sound source can help human participants balance themselves as compared to conditions in which participants use vision. Research Design: The experiment uses modified versions of conventional clinical tests: the Tandem Romberg test and the Fukuda Stepping test. In the Tandem Romberg test, participants stand with their feet in a heel-to-toe position, and try to maintain balance for 40 sec. In the Fukuda Stepping test, a participant is asked to close his or her eyes and to march in place for 100 steps. The sway and angular deviation of each participant was measured with and without vision and spatial auditory cues. An auditory spatial reference was provided by presenting a broadband noise source from a loudspeaker directly in front of the participant located 1–2 m away. Study Sample: A total of 19 participants (11 women and 8 men; mean age = 27 yr; age range = 18 ˜ 52 yr), voluntarily participated in the experiment. All participants had normal vision, hearing, and vestibular function. Intervention: The primary intervention was the use of a broadband noise source to provide an auditory spatial referent for balance measurements in the Tandem Romberg test and Fukuda Stepping test. Conditions were also tested in which the participants had their eyes opened or closed. Data Collection and Analysis: A head tracker recorded the position of the participant's head for the Tandem Romberg test. The angular deviation of the feet after 100 steps was measured in the Fukuda Stepping test. An average distance or angle moved by the head or feet was calculated relative to the head or feet resting position for each test. The average head sway or angular deviation was measured in an eyes-open condition (no sound), eyes-closed condition (no sound), and an eyes-closed condition with sound. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used for both tests. Results: The results showed a significant benefit in postural stability in both experiments when spatial auditory cues were present (p < .01). For the Tandem Romberg test, the benefit from spatial auditory cues alone is a 9% reduction in mean sway, as compared to 44% from visual cues alone. For the Fukuda Stepping test, the benefit from spatial auditory cues alone is a 76% reduction in mean body sway, as compared to 98% from visual cues alone. Conclusions: The current study demonstrated a connection between spatial hearing and balance. The experiments showed that a single fixed sound source can provide sufficient spatial cues for the central nervous system to better control postural stability. The compensation effect that the vestibular system receives from the auditory cues, however, is weaker than that received from visual cues.

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Reynolds, Barbara J. "THEREʼS MORE TO SAY ABOUT SPATIAL HEARING." Hearing Journal 62, no. 6 (June 2009): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.hj.0000356812.79823.69.

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Frissen, Ilja, and Catherine Guastavino. "Do whole-body vibrations affect spatial hearing?" Ergonomics 57, no. 7 (April 30, 2014): 1090–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2014.910611.

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Douglas, Susan A., Phil Yeung, Anurag Daudia, Stuart Gatehouse, and Gerard M. O???Donoghue. "Spatial Hearing Disability After Acoustic Neuroma Removal." Laryngoscope 117, no. 9 (September 2007): 1648–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mlg.0b013e3180caa162.

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Algazi, V. Ralph, Pierre L. Divenyi, V. A. Martinez, and Richard O. Duda. "Subject dependent transfer functions in spatial hearing." Computer Standards & Interfaces 20, no. 6-7 (March 1999): 464. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-5489(99)91008-5.

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Noble, William. "Assessing Binaural Hearing: Results Using the Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 21, no. 09 (October 2010): 568–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.21.9.2.

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Background: Binaural hearing is important for hearing target signals against competing ones, and for spatial hearing. Purpose: Survey of results using the Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing scale (SSQ), a measure emphasizing contexts that rely on binaural hearing ability. Results show that self-rating can identify binaural hearing influences and benefits. Research Designs: Retrospective design compared fitting with one versus two hearing aids. Prospective design compared one versus two cochlear implants. Brief descriptions are made of studies using other comparative designs. Study Samples: There were 69 new adult-age clients of an audiology clinic with unilateral hearing aid fittings, 34 with bilateral (and n = 63 in a pre-aided sample); there were 14 people with one cochlear implant (CI), 18 with two; in both CI groups, age ranged from 20 to 90 yr. Data Collection and Analysis: The data are scores on the 49 items comprising the SSQ, grouped into 10 “pragmatic” subscales, analyzed using t-tests and ANOVA. Results: Two aids offer advantage for challenging conditions (e.g., multistream signal monitoring), for dynamic spatial hearing, and in reducing listening effort. These outcomes are observable, though less distinctly, in one versus two implants. Overall advantage of two implants is very clear in a 20–59-yr-old cohort of patients. Recent application and development of the SSQ indicates sensitivity to subtle differences in abilities. Conclusions: Self-report data are valuable in revealing the everyday listening domains in which improvement in binaural hearing function provides beneficial outcomes.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Spatial Hearing'

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