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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Spatial growth'

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Published: 9 March 2023
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Peters, Ian Joseph. "Small business growth : spatial and non-spatial aspects of development." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.236411.

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2

Xu, Ruifang. "Spatial Growth Patterns of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms." Thesis, Montana State University, 2004. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2004/xu/XuR0805.pdf.

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Biofilms are less susceptible to antimicrobial action compared to their planktonic counterparts. The protective mechanisms are not fully understood. Physiological heterogeneity within biofilms is thought to contribute to the low susceptibility and was therefore studied. Expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP), induction of alkaline phosphatase (APase) by phosphate starvation, and the cell viability assay using the LIVE/DEAD BacLight bacterial viability stain were performed to visualize the spatial patterns of growth and viability within 5-d-old Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. The capillary reactor and the drip-flow reactor were employed to obtain biofilms of a range of thickness. Biofilms cultivated in the capillary reactor were usually thinner than those grown in the low-shear drip-flow reactor. The former were examined by in situ confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) whereas the latter were cryoembedded and cryosectioned prior to conventional fluorescence microscopic observation. P. aeruginosa PAO1 with the plasmid pAB1 carrying an inducible, stable gfp was used to identify zones of active protein synthesis. The induction of gfp proved suitable for the visualization of spatial growth patterns within biofilms. Greater GFP activity was evident at the surface of clusters and was not as bright in their centers after induction. Activity appeared more uniform in smaller clusters and less uniform in larger clusters. The APase activity induced by phosphate starvation showed a sharply delineated band of active APase synthesizing cells close to the biofilm-bulk fluid interface and some local APase synthetic activity in the depth of the biofilm. The results of biofilm viability staining using the LIVE/DEAD BacLight bacterial viability kit turned out to be puzzling and cast doubt on the methodological validity of applying the LIVE/DEAD BacLight bacterial viability staining method to P. aeruginosa biofilms. The findings of the spatial growth patterns illustrate the physiological heterogeneity that is present in these biofilms. Such variation in the metabolic activity probably contributes to the reduced susceptibility of these biofilms to antimicrobial agents.
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3

Sandberg, Krister. "Hedonic prices, economic growth, and spatial dependence." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Univ., 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-272.

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4

McIlhatton, David. "Spatial planning : cellular automata urban growth modelling." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.523107.

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5

LeSage, James P., and Manfred M. Fischer. "Spatial Growth Regressions: Model Specification, Estimation and Interpretation." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2007. http://epub.wu.ac.at/3968/1/SSRN%2Did980965.pdf.

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This paper uses Bayesian model comparison methods to simultaneously specify both the spatial weight structure and explanatory variables for a spatial growth regression involving 255 NUTS 2 regions across 25 European countries. In addition, a correct interpretation of the spatial regression parameter estimates that takes into account the simultaneous feed- back nature of the spatial autoregressive model is provided. Our findings indicate that incorporating model uncertainty in conjunction with appropriate parameter interpretation decreased the importance of explanatory variables traditionally thought to exert an important influence on regional income growth rates. (authors' abstract)
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6

Ali, Adnan. "Stochastic pattern formation in growth models with spatial competition." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2012. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/54323/.

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The field of stochastic growth encompasses various different processes which are ubiquitously seen across the physical world. In many systems, stochasticity appears quite naturally, where inherent randomness provides the right setting for the tone of motion and interaction, whose symphony leads to the surprising emergence of interesting patterns and structure. Although on the microscopic scale one can be overwhelmed by the randomness arising from the fluctuating interactions between components, on the macroscopic scale, however, one is mesmerized by the emergence of mathematical beauty and symmetry, leading to complex structures with fractal architecture. Competition between components adds an extra degree of complexity and leads to the possibility of critical behaviour and phase transitions. It is an important aspect of many systems, and in order to provide a full explanation of many natural phenomena, we have to understand the role it plays on modifying behaviour. The combination of stochastic growth and competition leads to the emergence of interesting complex patterns. They occur in various systems and in many forms, and thus we treat competition in growth models driven by different laws for the stochastic noise. As a consequence our results are widely applicable and we encourage the reader to find good use for them in their respective field. In this thesis we study stochastic systems containing interacting particles whose motion and interplay lead to directed growth structures on a particular geometry. We show how the effect of the overall geometry in many growth processes can be captured elegantly in terms of a time dependent metric. A natural example we treat is isoradial growth in two dimensions, with domain boundaries of competing microbial species as an example of a system with a homogeneously changing metric. In general, we view domain boundaries as space-time trajectories of particles moving on a dynamic surface and map those into more easily tractable systems with constant metric. This leads to establishing a generic relation between locally interacting, scale invariant stochastic space-time trajectories under constant and time dependent metric. Indeed “the book of nature is written in the language of mathematics” (Galileo Galilei) and we provide a mathematical framework for various systems with various interactions and our results are backed with numerical confirmation.
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7

Fischer, Manfred M., and Philipp Piribauer. "Model uncertainty in matrix exponential spatial growth regression models." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2013. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4013/1/wp158.pdf.

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This paper considers the problem of model uncertainty associated with variable selection and specification of the spatial weight matrix in spatial growth regression models in general and growth regression models based on the matrix exponential spatial specification in particular. A natural solution, supported by formal probabilistic reasoning, is the use of Bayesian model averaging which assigns probabilities on the model space and deals with model uncertainty by mixing over models, using the posterior model probabilities as weights. This paper proposes to adopt Bayesian information criterion model weights since they have computational advantages over fully Bayesian model weights. The approach is illustrated for both identifying model covariates and unveiling spatial structures present in pan-European growth data. (authors' abstract)
Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
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8

Piribauer, Philipp, and Manfred M. Fischer. "Model uncertainty in matrix exponential spatial growth regression models." Wiley-Blackwell, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gean.12057.

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This paper considers the most important aspects of model uncertainty for spatial regression models, namely the appropriate spatial weight matrix to be employed and the appropriate explanatory vari- ables. We focus on the spatial Durbin model (SDM) specification in this study that nests most models used in the regional growth literature, and develop a simple Bayesian model averaging approach that provides a unified and formal treatment of these aspects of model uncertainty for SDM growth models. The approach expands on the work by LeSage and Fischer (2008) by reducing the computational costs through the use of Bayesian information criterion model weights and a matrix exponential specification of the SDM model. The spatial Durbin matrix exponential model has theoretical and computational advantages over the spatial autoregressive specification due to the ease of inversion, differentiation and integration of the matrix expo- nential. In particular, the matrix exponential has a simple matrix determinant which vanishes for the case of a spatial weight matrix with a trace of zero (LeSage and Pace 2007). This allows for a larger domain of spatial growth regression models to be analysed with this approach, including models based on different classes of spatial weight matrices. The working of the approach is illustrated for the case of 32 potential determinants and three classes of spatial weight matrices (contiguity-based, k-nearest neighbor and distance-based spatial weight matrices), using a dataset of income per capita growth for 273 European regions. (authors' abstract)
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9

Koch, Wilfried. "Growth, interdependence and international spillovers : a spatial econometric approach." Dijon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DIJOE006.

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Pourquoi certains pays sont-ils devenus riches alors que d'autres sont restés pauvres ? Cette question est récurrente dans la littérature théorique et empirique consacrée à la croissance économique. Un des faits stylisés généralement admis à propos de la croissance économique sur ces cinquante dernières années est que le taux de croissance d'un pays dépend de manière cruciale des taux de croissance et des niveaux de revenus des autres pays, plutôt qu'uniquement de ses propres taux d'investissement en capital physique et humain. Dans cette thèse, nous montrons donc que l'interdépendance technologique est un facteur fondamental qui doit être pris en compte dans le schéma explicatif des disparités économiques et dans la modélisation des processus de croissance. Pour mettre en évidence les implications théoriques et empiriques de l'interdépendance technologique, nous proposons une stratégie de modélisation de la croissance dans un cadre multi-pays. Nous montrons que les modèles théoriques obtenus conduisent naturellement à des formes réduites économétriques estimables par les méthodes de l'économétrie spatiale
Why have some countries grown rich while others have remained poor? This is a recurrent question in the literature on theoretical and empirical economic growth. One of the traditional stylized facts about growth over the last fifty years is that national growth rates appear to depend critically on the growth rates and income levels of other countries, rather than just on any one country's own domestic investment rates in physical and human capital. Actually, in this dissertation, we show that technological interdependence is crucial to challenge this recurrent question. It should be taken into account in theoretical models which aim at explaining economic disparities and growth processes. To highlight the theoretical and empirical implications of technological interdependence, we propose a modeling strategy based on a multi-country framework. We show that our theoretical models naturally imply econometric reduced forms, which are then estimated using the spatial econometric methodology
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10

Jung, Juan. "Essays on Absorptive Capacity, ICT, Spatial Externalities, and Regional Growth." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/442974.

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The objective of this thesis is to make a theoretical and empirical contribution, decoding the nature of productivity disparities across different economic actors, and providing reflections for policy advice. One of the main hypothesis is that efficiency-originated productivity gains vary largely among different economic units, as the degree of the economic impact will surely depend significantly on some characteristics of the agents under analysis (firms or regional economies). With a manifest purpose of making contributions which can enrich advice in public-policies, this thesis will focus particularly in most-disadvantaged economic units, intending to find out which circumstances can help them to converge to the most productive ones. In the first place, we present a model which incorporates capital accumulation and spatial spillovers across economies, while allowing for regional differences in absorptive capacity. This model is estimated using a sample of EU regions, over a period including the enlargement of the single-market area in the mid-2000´s. Results confirm the relevance of local absorptive capacity, that is directly linked with the process of making the most of externalities. Capital deepening reduced the role of capital in explaining the regional productivity gap, but was not enough to help lagging regions to equal the return to human capital investments reached by most advanced regions. In the second place, we analyze the incidence of broadband on regional productivity in Brazil, intending to find out if the economic impact is uniform across all territories of the country. The possibility of performing a regional approach, instead of the usual country-level analysis, means an opportunity to disentangle the economic impact of broadband at territories which share a common institutional and regulatory framework as are the regions inside a country. Results suggest that the impact of broadband on productivity is positive although not uniform across regions. On the one hand, it seems to depend on connection quality and network effects. Faster download speed and critical-mass accounting for network externalities in the region enhance the economic impact of broadband. On the other hand, higher productivity gains are estimated for the less developed regions. The fact that the less productive regions in Brazil seem to be benefiting more from broadband may suggest that it can constitute a factor favoring regional convergence in the country. Finally, we test three hypotheses regarding the link between internet and firm productivity: i) internet adoption and use constitute a source of productivity growth for firms in Latin America, ii) the intensity of its use also matters, and iii) the link between the new technologies and productivity levels is not uniform over the whole productivity distribution. The evidence found fills the gap of scarce and fragmented literature focused on Latin America, and is aligned with previous research for more developed regions which has generally recognized that Information and Communication Technologies have radically changed how modern business are conducted, benefitting firm performances through several channels, such as increasing the efficiency of internal processes, expanding market reach or increasing innovation. The findings suggest that low and medium productive firms benefit more from an expansion in internet adoption and use, in comparison with the most productive ones. If this evidence is supposed to reflect long-term effects, then public policies oriented to massify internet adoption and promote internet use intensively will surely contribute to reduce inequalities of enterprise’s productivity levels, promoting a level playing field among Latin American firms, something especially relevant for the most unequal region of the world.
El objetivo de esta tesis es hacer una contribución teórica y empírica, descifrando la naturaleza de las disparidades en productividad entre diferentes actores económicos y proporcionando reflexiones de política pública. Una de las principales hipótesis que se plantean en la tesis es que los aumentos de la productividad originados por mejoras en eficiencia varían considerablemente entre las diferentes unidades económicas (empresas o regiones), ya que el grado de impacto económico dependerá las características de los agentes analizados. Esta tesis se centrará especialmente en las unidades económicas más desfavorecidas, con la intención de estudiar qué circunstancias pueden ayudarlas a converger hacia las más productivas. En primer lugar, presentamos un modelo que incorpora la acumulación de capital y los efectos espaciales en la transmisión de tecnología, a la vez que permite las diferencias regionales en capacidades de absorción. Este modelo se estima utilizando una muestra de regiones de la Unión Europea, durante un período que incluye la ampliación de la zona del mercado único a mediados de los años 2000. Los resultados confirman la relevancia de la capacidad de absorción local, que está directamente vinculada al proceso de aprovechar al máximo las externalidades. La profundización del capital redujo el papel del capital para explicar la brecha de productividad regional, pero no fue suficiente para ayudar a las regiones rezagadas a igualar el retorno a las inversiones de capital humano alcanzadas por las regiones más avanzadas. En segundo lugar, analizamos la incidencia de la banda ancha sobre la productividad regional en Brasil, con la intención de estudiar si el impacto económico es uniforme en todos los territorios del país. La posibilidad de realizar un enfoque regional, en lugar del análisis habitual a nivel nacional, significa una oportunidad para descifrar el impacto económico de la banda ancha en los territorios que comparten un marco institucional y regulatorio común, como son las regiones dentro de un país. Los resultados sugieren que el impacto de la banda ancha en la productividad es positivo aunque no uniforme en todas las regiones. Por un lado, parece depender de la calidad de la conexión y de los efectos de red. Una velocidad de descarga más rápida y la existencia de una masa crítica de usuarios para generar externalidades de red aumentan el impacto económico de la banda ancha. Por otro lado, se pudo verificar que se producirán mayores aumentos de la productividad en las regiones menos desarrolladas. El hecho de que las regiones menos productivas de Brasil parezcan beneficiarse más de la banda ancha parece sugerir que dicha tecnología constituye un factor que favorece la convergencia regional en el país. Por último, probamos tres hipótesis sobre el vínculo entre Internet y la productividad a nivel empresarial: i) la adopción y el uso de Internet constituyen una fuente de crecimiento de la productividad para las empresas en América Latina, ii) la intensidad de su uso también es relevante y iii) el impacto de las nuevas tecnologías en los niveles de productividad no es uniforme para todas las empresas. La evidencia encontrada completa la brecha de una escasa y fragmentada literatura para América Latina, y está alineada con lo esperado en torno a la relevancia de las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación para transformar radicalmente cómo se conducen las empresas modernas, por ejemplo, aumentando la eficiencia de los procesos internos, ampliando el alcance del mercado o aumentando la actividad innovadora. Los hallazgos sugieren que las empresas menos productivas se benefician más de una expansión en la adopción y el uso de Internet, en comparación con las más productivas. Si se supone que esta evidencia refleja efectos a largo plazo, las políticas públicas orientadas a masificar la adopción y uso de Internet seguramente contribuirán a reducir las desigualdades en los niveles de productividad entre empresas, contribuyendo a reducir disparidades internas en América Latina, una de las regiones más desiguales del mundo.
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11

Deeken, Tim [Verfasser], and I. [Akademischer Betreuer] Ott. "Spatial Interaction and Economic Growth / Tim Deeken. Betreuer: I. Ott." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1078957738/34.

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12

Maier, Gunther. "History, spatial structure, and regional growth. Lessons for policy making." Institut für Wirtschaftsgeographie, Abt. Stadt- und Regionalentwicklung, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 1998. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1192/1/document.pdf.

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13

O'Sullivan, Michael. "Planning for growth in Scottish city-regions : 'neoliberal spatial governance'?" Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2018. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/31018/.

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The PhD is driven by a need to analyse what Scottish planning has come to represent in practice. It does this through a focus on how Scottish planning reform (Planning etc. Scotland Act, 2006) has been used to respond to the key public policy issues of achieving ‘sustainable growth’ and particularly planning for housing in growth- pressured city-regions. In England, Allmendinger’s (2016) recent critical consideration of the current state of planning despondently sees ‘neoliberal spatial governance’ where planning is focussed on ‘facilitating growth,’ through ‘post political’ process and driven by ‘narrow sectional interests’. This thesis analyses the extent to which such critique is a relevant way of understanding Scottish planning and how planning has come to be criticised from some perspectives as a tool for rolling out growth, while for others planning is still perceived as a drag on growth. It does this by analysing planning practice in two city regions – Aberdeen and Edinburgh - which have faced pressures for growth, particularly housing growth. Both have used the reformed Scottish planning system to deal with these pressures. In Aberdeen, it reveals why an ambitious growth agenda easily emerged, where planning actors utilised the reformed Scottish planning system to advocate an ‘ambitious strategy’. In Edinburgh, it reveals why, despite utilising the same planning system, a more complex and conflictual relationship around planning and housing growth has remained in place, as the city-region struggled to realise a spatial strategy that adapts to existing local political tensions. In each case the role of global and local structuring economic conditions are foregrounded. This qualitative comparative case study analyses the operation of Scottish planning in the period (2007-2016) in two growth-pressured Scottish city-regions. It involves 48 interviews conducted in the period 2013-2015 with public sector officers, councillors, developer interests and community and special interest groups and the analysis of documents associated with planning strategies. It has been conducted by a planner who has worked ‘in the field’ in the public and private sectors in both cases. It applies a broadly Gramscian analysis, utilising a Strategic Relational Approach, where planning actors pursue differing agendas and attempt to address wider and competing public policy concerns while operating within evolving structural conditions. It demonstrates the ways in which planning is a means by which particular interests can formalise their ambitions for growth but can equally be used to constrain and defer decisions around growth. However, both cases reveal planning as a form of ‘neoliberal spatial governance’ where the contradictions of current state-market relations mean Scottish planning is unlikely to meet its complex objective of delivering ‘sustainable economic growth’.
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14

Cañadas, Alejandro A. "Inequality and economic growth evidence from Argentina's provinces using spatial econometrics /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1211944935.

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15

Oberoi, Amit. "CompactCities : analyzing the urban spatial structure in cities with growth restrictions." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/31196.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture; and, (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, June 2005.
Leaf no. 104 repeated twice. Leaf 113 [i.e. 114] blank.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 97-104).
A compact city form is one that espouses high intensity development within a restrictive geographic area. Its perceived benefits include (a) saving agricultural land (b) inducing shorter commute trips, thus less consumption of fuel and lower emission of harmful gases (c) bringing about a better quality of life through greater social interaction and (d) causing economic benefits through economies of agglomeration. In this thesis I analyze these claims based on literature review, economic models, statistical tools, and by generating hypothetical transport scenarios. Based on this analysis, I conclude that high-density development by itself has little significant association with the benefits claimed above. Further growth control mechanisms have negative externalities such as increasing land rents and causing an immense strain on congestible amenities. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first section is treated as an introduction to the concept of a "compact city". In the second section I analyze whether a compact city can deliver the benefits that its proponents claim. I look at issues such as, (i) the effect of density on urban travel behavior factors like commute distances and public transit usage; (ii) the economics at the urban edge; (iii) the claim that sprawl is inevitable, (iv) effect of growth restrictions on land rent and (v) the relevance of compaction in developing countries (most of which are already highly dense). The third section analyzes the growth management regulations and policies being implemented in Delhi. I use the conclusions drawn from the second part to comment on the appropriateness of these policies, and suggest ways in which the city could better enforce these regulations.
(cont.) I chose Delhi as the case study, in part due to my familiarity with the city, but also because it offers a unique urban laboratory. Delhi's urban form could be described as the antithesis of the compact city form. Unlike most other cities, Delhi displays a positive (upward sloping) density gradient. The city is characterized by low- density development in the center and high-rise high-density at the periphery. The city owes this as much to its past as it does to its present political circumstances and planning policies. The city faces massive strains on its infrastructure due to the high in-migration rates. To accommodate the growing population, the city in the past five decades has quadrupled in area. I evaluate the urban growth management tools such as taxation policy land use policy, development of satellite towns and physical restrictions, used by the city to deal with its problem.
by Amit Oberoi.
M.C.P.
S.M.
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16

Bertolotti, Fabio P. "Temporal and spatial growth of subharmonic disturbances in Falkner-Skan flows." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/90912.

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The transition from laminar to turbulent flow in boundary-layers occurs in three stages: onset of two-dimensional TS waves, onset of three-dimensional secondary disturbances of fundamental or subharmonic type, and onset of the turbulent regime. In free flight conditions, subharmonic disturbances are the most amplified. Recent modeling of the subharmonic disturbance as a parametric instability arising from the presence of a finite amplitude TS wave has given results in quantitative agreement with experiments conducted in a Blasius boundary-layer. The present work extends the analysis to the Falkner-Skan family of profiles, and develops a formulation for spatially growing disturbances to exactly match the experimental observations. Results show that subharmonic disturbances in Falkner-Skan flows behave similarly to those in a Blasius flow. The most noticeable effect of the pressure gradient is a decrease (favorable) or an increase (adverse) of the disturbance's growth rate. Due to the lack of experimental data, a comparison of subharmonic growth rates from theory and experiment is limited to the Blasius boundary-layer. A comparison of results from the spatial formulation with those previously obtained from a temporal formulation shows the difference to be small. A connection between disturbance growth in a separating boundary-layer profile and a free shear layer is presented. A modification of Caster's transformation from temporal to spatial growth rates for secondary disturbances is given.
M.S.
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17

Canadas, Alejandro. "Inequality and Economic Growth: Evidence from Argentina's provinces using Spatial Econometrics." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1211944935.

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Baker, Timothy Russell. "Spatial and temporal patterns of growth in Ghanaian tropical rain forest." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2000. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU603191.

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This thesis tests the hypothesis that variation in water supply, nutrient availability and irradiance determined variation in tree growth along local and regional gradients of resource availability, and over time, in Ghanaian forests. Regional variation in soil water availability determined seasonal patterns of diameter change of Celtis mildbraedii and Strombosia glaucescens in semi-deciduous and evergreen forest, over two years. However, in a semi-deciduous forest, annualized diameter increment of Celtis mildbraedii was higher in summit and slope, compared to valley, positions after two years, even though trees in valley positions experienced a shorter effective dry season. Growth was also greater in the semi-deciduous than the evergreen forest in the second year of the study. These patterns suggest that concentrations of N in soil over topographic gradients, and concentrations of available P and the base cations over regional scales, may be important determinants of growth. Dry season stem shrinkage in semi-deciduous forest can comprise up to 0.5% of tree diameter, and varies between years. Re-enumeration of forest plots in seasonal climates should be carried out over whole year intervals, during the wet season, to minimise bias derived from variation in tree water status. In a semi-deciduous forest, no relationship was found between topography and six year growth rates of two common species or of six functional types defined on the basis of regeneration strategy and regional distribution pattern. However, within this forest, and in a comparison within five different forests across the regional gradient of rainfall and soil fertility, pioneer species with distributions biased towards drier forests had significantly higher growth rates than pioneer species associated with wetter forests. Variation in growth of dry forest pioneer species explained more than half the total variation in stand-level growth rates, demonstrating that it is the presence of abundant, potentially large, fast growing pioneer species in more seasonal forest types that generate regional scale variation in forest growth. These results indicate that the environmental variables found to determine growth are dependent on the scale of the study and the magnitude of the gradient in resources being compared. Variation in soil fertility over regional rainfall gradients in tropical forests has a significant impact on variation in tree growth, within and between species, and at the stand-level.
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Fekedulegn, Desta. "Spatial and temporal analysis of radial growth in an Appalachian watershed." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2140.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2001.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 270 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 260-270).
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Islam, Samia. "Three essays on spatial spillovers of highway investment and regional growth." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2004. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3576.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2004.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 112 p. : ill., maps (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
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21

Otter, Thomas. "Poverty, income growth and inequality in Paraguay during the 1990s spatial aspects, growth determinants and inequality decomposition." Frankfurt, M. Berlin Bern Bruxelles New York, NY Oxford Wien Lang, 2007. http://d-nb.info/987316648/04.

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Lee, Sugie. "Metropolitan Growth Patterns' Impact on Intra-Regional Spatial Differentiation and Inner-Ring Suburban Decline: Insights for Smart Growth." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005, 2005. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-04182005-002619/unrestricted/lee%5Fsugie%5F200505%5Fphd.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Architecture, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005.
Steven P. French, Committee Chair ; Cheryl K. Contant, Committee Member ; Randall L. Guensler, Committee Member ; Gregory B. Lewis, Committee Member ; Nancey Green Leigh, Committee Co-Chair. Includes bibliographical references.
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Chen, Xiaolin. "Biological plant root growth detection from spatial and temporal resolution image sequences." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12039/.

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This thesis describes the development of a new approach to measuring the growth of plant roots. Work on changing the growth patterns of plants by the introduction of the right materials into their feed as well as the process of genetic manipulation is enhanced by being able to measure the growth of the plants roots in real time. Previous work in doing this has been subject to low reliability due in part to the nature of the problem. Plant root growth rates are of the order of 0.1 μm per second and thus have to be captured under the microscope. The plant surfaces show low contrast and have few predictable features so many methods prove to be inappropriate. Previous work in the measurement made use of the RootFlowRT software that uses a combination of a tensor based method and a correspondence method. However, the results from these methods have a high level of unreliability. The tensor method as applied shows a reliability of less than 10% and work carried out in this thesis shows that the correspondence method on its own cannot reliably predict the growth rates for large areas in any root. The work has introduced the use of Scale Space Optical Flow method to replace the previous tensor method and this has been shown to have a reliability of greater than 30% in almost all cases. The results of this method are then used to refine the search space for the correspondence method and again increase the reliability of the measurements. The validity of the final results using the current method are thus shown to be a great improvement on the previous method. For comparison: Percentage of measurements in the correct direction and size • RootFlowRT 70% • Current method 95% Maximum spread of invalid results • RootFlowRT +/-200% in size and 100% in direction • Current method +/-10% in size or direction
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Zhang, Qian. "Spatial-Temporal Patterns of Urban Growth in Shanghai, China: Monitoring, Analysis, and Simulation." Licentiate thesis, Geoinformatics Division, Department of Urban Planning and Environment, ABE, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-11868.

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Supporting huge population, megacities are definitely the hot spots of production, consumption, and waste generation. Without careful investment and planning, megacities will be overwhelmed by burgeoning negative impacts on the environment, natural resources, and human health, as well as a host of social and economic issues. The unprecedented combination of economic and population growth since the Reform and Open Policy has led China into transition from a largely rural society to a predominantly urban one. Chinese cities, without question, have not escaped the danger of the series of problems during the rapid progress of urbanization. Therefore, monitoring the spatial-temporal patterns of urban sprawl and their impact on the environment is of critical importance for urban planning and sustainable development, especially in developing Chinese cities such as Shanghai.

To date, few studies have focused on the urban trajectories of Shanghai over the past 30 years from a remote sensing perspective. Most of the studies were concentrated on the technical issues of image processing and classification. Moreover, research on spatial metrics has focused on analyzing remote sensing classification results rather than on the use of interpreting, assessing, and verifying urban simulation results. Furthermore, many researches merely focused on baseline projection and very few studies took into consideration urban growth scenarios so far. As yet there have been no reported scenario simulations of future Shanghai growth with several land-use categories within urban areas.

The overall objective of this research is to investigate the integration of remote sensing, spatial metrics, and spatial-temporal models in the monitoring, analysis, and simulation of urban growth in Shanghai, China. The specific objectives are to: 1). monitor urban dynamics over time with multi-sensor remote sensing images; 2). quantify spatial-temporal properties of urban growth and representing the urban morphological structures by means of spatial metrics; and 3). simulate the geographic extent, patterns, and detailed catalogs of urban growth under different scenarios using Markov-Cellular Automata (Markov-CA) model to support decision making for a more sustainable Shanghai.

Through this study, the combined approach using remotely sensed data with change detection techniques, spatial metrics, and a scenarios-based simulation model proved to be effective to understand, represent, and predict the spatial-temporal dynamics of urban growth. In detail, the segmented-based hierarchy classification and visual interpretation were effective methods to extract urban and industrial land with high-resolution remotely sensed images. Direct change detection using variables derived from tasseled cap transformation was efficient for monitoring impervious surface sprawl. Spatial metrics is a quick and executable way to assessing the impact of urban sprawl on landscape dynamic. Markov-CA model is a useful tool to simulate the scenarios of future urban developments and therefore provides the policy options for sustainable urban planning.

The research results of urban trajectories and impervious surface sprawl showed that Shanghai experienced high-speed urban sprawl and the rate of urban expansion, however, was not homogeneous spatially and temporally. The general annual urban expansion speed was 34.8 km2 per year; nevertheless, it reached 80.2 km2 per year recent six years from 2001 to 2007, while it touched the bottom speed around 14.3 km2 per year during 1979-1989. The expanded area in the Puxi region was 5.23 times of its original area while that of Pudong region was 19.94 times of its original area during 1979-2007. The research results of landscape analysis demonstrated that greenbelt becomes fractured while infrastructural and commercial area is more and more aggregated in the central Shanghai area, and satellite images such as SPOT Pan, XS and Landsat TM with 10-30 meter resolution are sufficient for the landscape dynamic research in central Shanghai area. The results of scenarios-based simulation indicated that built-up areas in Shanghai will increase significantly in 2025 and Shanghai will experience less urban sprawl and retain a better environment in 2025 under service-oriented center (SOC) than under baseline (NS) or manufacturing-dominant center (MDC) scenario. If favorable policy for MDC scenario is adopted, however, there will be a lot of manufacturing industries gathering in Shanghai and more agricultural lands will be encroached.

The present research focused on the analysis of physical and morphological aspects of urban growth. Urban land-use dynamics are, however, intrinsically linked with socio-economic, political, or demographic drivers. Trying to fill in the missing link between traditional urban geography and urban remote sensing & urban simulation and to improve understanding of the interactions between human and natural aspects in the urban socio-ecosystem is the major focus in the next phase of the Ph.D. research.

Keywords: Urban growth, Spatial-temporal pattern, Remote sensing, Spatial metrics, Scenarios-based simulation, Shanghai

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Fischer, Manfred M. "Spatial Externalities and Growth in a Mankiw-Romer-Weil World: Theory and Evidence." SAGE, 2018. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5477/1/spatial.pdf.

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This paper presents a theoretical growth model that accounts for technological interdependence among regions in a Mankiw-Romer-Weil world. The reasoning behind the theoretical work is that technological ideas cannot be fully appropriated by investors and these ideas may diffuse and increase the productivity of other firms. We link the diffusion of ideas to spatial proximity and allow for ideas to flow to nearby regional economies. Through the magic of solving for the reduced form of the theoretical model and the magic of spatial autoregressive processes, the simple dependence on a small number of neighbouring regions leads to a reduced form theoretical model and an associated empirical model where changes in a single region can potentially impact all other regions. This implies that conventional regression interpretations of the parameter estimates would be wrong. The proper way to interpret the model has to rely on matrices of partial derivatives of the dependent variable with respect to changes in the Mankiw-Romer-Weil variables, using scalar summary measures for reporting the estimates of the marginal impacts from the model. The summary impact measure estimates indicate that technological interdependence among European regions works through physical rather than human capital externalities.
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26

Jiang, Bo. "OPPORTUNITY COST OF LAND AND URBAN GROWTH." UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/economics_etds/1.

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This study examines the impact of the opportunity cost of urban land on urban growth. Based on prices, costs and productivity data on agricultural commodities at county levels, the opportunity cost of land was measured by the weighted revenue, cost, and government payment per acre of farm lands. Aggregating county data to metropolitan area levels, a panel data for 269 metropolitan areas from 1978-2000 were constructed. This study found that, as predicted by the theory, cities grow slower when revenue increases or cost decrease in the area. The impact of commodity program payment was also examined. Our results show that price shocks and agricultural subsidies do have an instantaneous impact on urban growth by a ecting the opportunity cost of urban land.
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27

Dyckman, Samantha Katherine. "Microbial Interactions: Prediction, Characterization, and Spatial Context." Thesis, Boston College, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:109218.

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Thesis advisor: Babak Momeni
Microbial communities are complex networks comprised of multiple species that are facilitating and inhibiting one another (as well as themselves). Currently, we lack an understanding of what mechanisms drive coexistence within these communities. We aimed to remedy this by studying the dynamics of coexisting communities, focusing on the complexity of their interaction networks, the impact of spatial dynamics, and the interplay of facilitating and inhibiting interactions. These limitations in our understanding prevent the furtherment of designing intentional communities for bioremediation, maintenance of healthy microbiota, and other functional communities. To better understand these microbial dynamics, we chose to address the problem from two fronts: computational modeling and exploring dynamics of cocultures. Through our 1-D model, spatial structure fostering more coexistence – especially when facilitation is present. For the coexistence assays, we determined that contact-dependent growth inhibition is a density dependent mechanism, and the use of a Tn-Seq mutant library to predict species interactions is possible, but needs further optimization to reconcile density dependent effects of interactions
Thesis (MS) — Boston College, 2021
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Biology
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28

Smith, Gillian M. "Spatial and temporal distribution of growth factors and their receptors in diabetic retinopathy." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2007. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54675/.

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CONCLUSION These data suggest a role for both angiogenic factors and anti-angiogenic factors and the caveolins in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, possibly by acting synergistically to mediate a wide range of cellular responses culminating in the formation of a fibrovascular membrane. Therapeutic intervention to the VEGF and Tie-2 receptor, and possibly stimulation of the PEDF signalling, pathways may prove useful for the treatment of PDR.
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Fischer, Manfred M. "Spatial Externalities and Growth in a Mankiw-Romer-Weil World: Theory and Evidence." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2015. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4760/1/20151202_spatial_spillovers_nocorr_fertig.pdf.

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This paper presents a theoretical growth model that accounts for technological interdependence among regions in a Mankiw-Romer-Weil world. The reasoning behind the theoretical work is that technological ideas cannot be fully appropriated by investors and these ideas may diffuse and increase the productivity of other firms. We link the diffusion of ideas to spatial proximity and allow for ideas to flow to nearby regional economies. Through the magic of solving for the reduced form of the theoretical model and the magic of spatial autoregressive processes, the simple dependence on a small number of neighbouring regions leads to a reduced form theoretical model and an associated empirical model where changes in a single region can potentially impact all other regions. This implies that conventional regression interpretations of the parameter estimates would be wrong. The proper way to interpret the model has to rely on matrices of partial derivatives of the dependent variable with respect to changes in the Mankiw-Romer-Weil variables, using scalar summary measures for reporting the estimates of the marginal impacts from the model. The summary impact measure estimates indicate that technological interdependence among European regions works through physical rather than human capital externalities. (author's abstract)
Series: Working Papers in Regional Science
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30

Guevara, rosero Grace carolina. "Impact of Spatial Agglomeration on Economic Performance in developing countries : the Latin American case." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STETT118.

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Dans la littérature économique, on remarque que l’agglomération spatiale joue un rôle clé dans la croissance économique. Il a récemment été reconnu que les conditions de développement des pays peuvent modifier la relation entre l’agglomération géographique et la croissance. Cette thèse vise à analyser les effets de l’agglomération dans les pays d’Amérique latine.Tout d’abord, nous allons examiner l’impact de l’agglomération sur la croissance des régions latino-américaines et nous analysons le rôle du niveau de développement dans cette relation. Afin de répondre à ces questions, un modèle de croissance est estimé compte tenu de l’interdépendance spatiale. Les résultats montrent que les régions d’Amérique Latine bénéficient des effets croissants d’agglomération géographique jusqu’à un certain niveau de revenu. Ensuite, nous allons étudier l’influence de la nature des externalités d’agglomération sur la productivité sectorielle en regardant le cas de l’ Equateur. Un modèle économétrique qui traite de facteurs endogènes potentiels est estimé. Les résultats indiquent que les externalités de diversité génèrent les effets les plus élevés sur la productivité. Enfin, nous analyserons la façon dont la concentration spatiale au sein des régions est influencée par le commerce extérieur. Un modèle de panel de données est estimé en tenant compte des particularités régionales, des effets temporels et des tendances temporelles des régions colombiennes. Les résultats montrent que l’effet de l’ouverture commerciale sur la concentration spatiale au sein des régions est renforcée par deux aspects : le fait d’avoir un grand marché et le fait d’avoir une localisation géographique favorable par rapport au accès au marché international
In economic literature, it has been underscored that spatial agglomeration plays a keyrole in the economic growth. Recently, it has been acknowledged that the conditions of development of countries are likely to shape the agglomeration-growth relationship.On these grounds, this PhD thesis aims to analyze the effects of agglomeration in Latin American countries.First, it investigates whether Latin American countries experience positive effects ofagglomeration on growth and to what extent their level of development influences such effects. In order to answer these questions, a growth model using regional data is estimated considering spatial interdependence. The results show that Latin American regions enjoy increasing positive effects of agglomeration on their growth until a certain level of income is reached.Second, it studies the influence of the nature of agglomeration externalities, such as specialization, diversity, density and competition on industrial productivity in cantonsby looking at the case of Ecuador. Using Generalized Method of Moments, an econometric model dealing with potential endogenous factors is estimated. The results indicate that diversity externalities generate the highest positive effects of agglomeration on productivity.Finally, it addresses how spatial agglomeration within regions is shaped by external trade. A panel data model is estimated taking into account regional characteristics,time-specific effects and regional-specific time trends of Colombian regions. The results show that the effect of trade openness in spatial concentration within regions isenhanced by two aspects: the home market effect and the location advantage effect of main cities within regions
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Hai, Pham Minh, and Yasushi Yamaguchi. "CHARACTERIZING THE URBAN GROWTH OF HANOI, NAGOYA, AND SHANGHAI CITY USING REMOTE SENSING AND SPATIAL METRICS." IEEE, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/12105.

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32

Chohaney, Michael L. "Spatial Dynamics: Theory and Methods with Application to the U.S. Economy." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo152541802692485.

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33

Fraver, Shawn. "Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Natural Disturbance in Old-Growth Forests of Northern Maine, USA." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2004. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/FraverS2004.pdf.

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34

Fischer, Manfred M., and Claudia Stirböck. "Pan-European regional income growth and club-convergence. Insights from a spatial econometric perspective." Springer Verlag, 2006. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5504/1/region.pdf.

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Club-convergence analysis provides a more realistic and detailed picture about regional income growth than traditional convergence analysis. This paper presents a spatial econometric framework for club-convergence testing that relates the concept of club-convergence to the notion of spatial heterogeneity. The study provides evidence for the club-convergence hypothesis in cross-regional growth dynamics from a pan-European perspective. The conclusions are threefold. First, we reject the standard Barro-style regression model which underlies most empirical work on regional income convergence in favour of a two regime [club] alternative in which different regional economies obey different linear regressions when grouped by means of Getis and Ord's local clustering technique. Second, the results point to a heterogeneous pattern in the pan-European convergence process. Heterogeneity appears in both the convergence rate and the steady-state level. But, third, the study also reveals that spatial error dependence introduces an important bias in our perception of the club-convergence and shows that neglect of this bias would give rise to misleading conclusions.
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Abazajian, Katya A. "Can Cities Manage Growth Through Taxation? A Study of Spatial Equilibria in California Cities." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/752.

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Local government policy often relies on taxation to address the central concern of ensuring municipal growth. This paper uses a measure of taxes compiled by the Rose Institute of State and Local Government called the Kosmont Cost of Doing Business rating to discuss the effects of tax policy on growth. The goal of this paper is to use the spatial equilibrium model to estimate the correlation between the cost of doing business and certain basic observable outcomes. These outcomes are reflected in wage, population, and price levels. The underlying spatial equilibrium model leads to “deep effects” equations, which are used to connect these observable correlations to more tangible measures of growth. Through the deep effects equations, we analyze the effect of the cost of doing business on the productivity, amenities, and economic success of California’s cities. We find that a higher cost of doing business does not lead to lower productivity and amenities, but rather improves amenities and maintains steady levels of productivity under a long-term equilibrium.
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Steinwachs, Thomas [Verfasser], and Gabriel [Akademischer Betreuer] Felbermayr. "Geography matters: spatial dimensions of trade, migration and growth / Thomas Steinwachs ; Betreuer: Gabriel Felbermayr." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1191691365/34.

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37

Van, Vuuren Karien. "The role of infrastructural development and economic growth in spatial planning / Karien van Vuuren." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9726.

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This study is about the influence that infrastructure development can have on the economy. In the current age of globalisation it is necessary to develop constantly to prevent becoming insignificant in the world economy. It is not enough to let development take its own course anymore, the government and private investors must cooperate to accelerate development or else stand the risk of falling behind. South Africa is trying to move from a Third World country to a First World country. Although some of the regions have developed successfully and show the characteristics of a First World country, large parts of the country are still examples of a Third World country. The reason that the Western Cape Province, for example, is moving forward so rapidly and showing an-ever increasing Gross Domestic Product (GDP), is the fact that they have realised the importance of infrastructural investment. Without investing in infrastructure, the economy will be unlikely to grow. This is because there is a positive correlation between infrastructure expenditure and the GDP. While a part of South Africa is focusing on Strictly Social Overhead Capital (SSOC), which entails the development of people, the Western Cape has put more emphasis on Economic Overhead Capital (EOC) such as building roads, bridges. It is argued in this research document that investing in EOC will increase economic growth that will help the region become more developed. If the whole country inherits this approach, it is probable that South Africa remains relevant and even become more competitive in the world economy. When investing in infrastructure the region will maintain their agglomeration advantages and create more comparative advantage ensuring that agglomerations form. Agglomerations form because it is more advantageous to locate at a certain location due to cheaper total costs at these locations. One of the greatest factors influencing an investor’s locational preference is transport costs and therefore transport costs must be held to a minimum. Spatial planning must be adjusted in order to ensure that EOC receives the necessary attention. This study will show how this can be achieved.
Thesis (MArt et Scien (Urban and Regional Planning))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.
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Salimi, Farhad. "Characteristics of spatial variation, size distribution, formation and growth of particles in urban environments." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2014. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/69332/1/Farhad_Salimi_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis is the first comprehensive study of important parameters relating to aerosols' impact on climate and human health, namely spatial variation, particle size distribution and new particle formation. We determined the importance of spatial variation of particle number concentration in microscale environments, developed a method for particle size parameterisation and provided knowledge about the chemistry of new particle formation. This is a significant contribution to our understanding of processes behind the transformation and dynamics of urban aerosols. This PhD project included extensive measurements of air quality parameters using state of the art instrumentation at each of the 25 sites within the Brisbane metropolitan area and advanced statistical analysis.
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Mans, Gerbrand. "Spatial clustering and the development of small businesses in Khayelitsha." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97335.

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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Khayelitsha was developed as a dormitory town on the outskirts of Cape Town in the late 1980’s with little intention by the government of the time to actively stimulate local economic development within the area. Since 1994 one of the biggest South African challenges is to ensure that dormitory townships, like Khayelitsha, are developed appropriately to create jobs and to allow for the evolution of quality living environments. Many types of government investment initiatives came to life in the past 20 years, complemented by initiatives to draw in private sector investment in these areas. Nevertheless, the economic development discrepancy between Khayelitsha and other areas in Cape Town remains stark. This study shows that to date development initiatives did not focus enough on the stimulation and development of local entrepreneurial enterprises. Clustering of these enterprises occurs around key areas, like shopping centres, which act as a catalytic factor for other support initiatives aimed at SMME development. The study identifies key areas of local small and micro-businesses clustering in Khayelitsha and evaluates the underlying growth factors. It then presents key suggestions regarding policy interventions to support local entrepreneurial development. These suggestions were two pronged. Spatial interventions focused on recommendations regarding development nodes, activity routes and alternative zoning practices. General business support initiatives relates to access to finance, education and training, mentoring, business incubators and business networks. In general the study highlights the importance of public-private partnerships in small business support.
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Harley, Eric. "Modeling Cancer Cell Response to Immunotherapy." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2004. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/hmc_theses/164.

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Significant work has been done modeling cancerous tumor growth and response to therapy under certain simplifying assumptions, specifically, the assumption of spatial homogeneity. We have chosen a spatially heterogenous model for cancer cell growth using a hybrid Lattice-Gas Cellular Automata method. Cell mitosis, apoptosis, and necrosis are explicitly modeled along with the diffusion of nutrients and a necrotic signal. The model implementation is verified qualitatively and is modified to execute on a parallel computer.
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Crespo, Cuaresma Jesus, and Tapas Mishra. "Human Capital, Age Structure and Growth Fluctuations." Taylor & Francis, 2011. http://epub.wu.ac.at/3055/1/HCASGFOct07.pdf.

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This article assesses the empirical relationship between per capita income growth fluctuations and the age-structured human capital variations across four groups of geographically clustered developed and developing countries from spatial perspective. We estimate a spatial Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model of income dynamics where the distance between countries is defined on relational space based on their similarity in appropriation tendency of human capital in the production processes. These distances are computed using a newly developed human capital data set which fully characterizes the demographic structure of human capital, and thus underlines the joint relevance of demography and human capital in economic growth. Spatial effects on growth interdependence and complementarity are then explored with respect to the proposed distance metrics. Our results imply that significant cross-country growth interdependence based on human capital distances exists among defined country groups suggesting the need for a cooperative policy programme among them. We also find that the relationship between economic growth and human capital is highly nonlinear as a function of the proposed human capital distance.
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42

Eickmann, Andrew James. "Dutch Spatial Planning: The Coordination of Compact Development and Affordable Housing." PDXScholar, 2009. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/360.

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This case study combines elements of exploration and description to examine the interaction of growth management and housing affordability within the Dutch system of spatial planning. In Section I, I introduce the research framework and pose the central research question: How do planners and policymakers in the Netherlands conceptualize and manage the relationship between land and housing markets, and the effects of that relationship on housing affordability? In Section II, I provide an overview of Dutch spatial planning, focusing on planning and policymaking at the national and municipal levels, and summarizing the postwar-era "bundled deconcentration" approach to growth management. Section III covers the economic and political shifts of the 1980s and early 1990s, a period that marked the end of "bundled deconcentration" and ushered in the "compact city" approach to spatial planning. In Section IV, I introduce contemporary issues of land scarcity and housing supply stagnation and summarize my primary interview findings. In Section V, I elaborate on my interview findings and discuss the broader perspectives offered by Dutch planners and economists. Finally, in Section VI, I conclude the case study with a review of findings, final reflections, and suggestions for future research.
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43

Gurney, Karen A. "THE LOCAL ECONOMIC GROWTH IMPACT OF BROADBAND INFRASTRUCTURE 1998 TO 2008." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1342051271.

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44

Hegarty-Cremer, Solene G. "Spatial control and cell guidance in evolving biological tissues." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/207246/1/Solene_Hegarty-Cremer_Thesis.pdf.

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In this thesis, a mathematical model for tissue growth under curvature control and directed cell guidance is derived. The model extends previous mathematical work by adding a tangential cell velocity. A numerical solver is implemented to solve the model and the solutions show that new cases of tissue growth can now be simulated thanks to the extension derived in this thesis. Finally, the model is fit to data on bone pore infilling and is used to examine hypotheses about atypical tissue growth.
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45

Värja, Emelie. "Local public expenditure : Equality, quality and growth." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro Universitet, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-52009.

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The focus of this dissertation is local government expenditure, where growth, quality, and equality is in the center of attention Essay 1: Sports and Local Growth in Sweden: Is a Sports Team Good for Local Economic Growth? The purpose of Essay 1 is to analyzethe effect of professional sports on the municipality’s tax base. I find no indications of a positive effect on the growth rate of per capita income from having a team in the top series. Essay 2: Equality of Quality of Day Activity Service Programs in Sweden. In this Essay we investigates the equality of the day activity service programs for people with intellectual disabilities provided by local governments in Sweden. The findings are that despite the Act concerning Support and Service for Persons with Certain Functional Impairments intended to secure equality in living conditions, the quality of day activity service programs seems to be dependent on the local government’s tax base as well as the political preferences. In Essay 3: Analysis of Cost and Quality Indicators of Day Activity Service Programs in Sweden, we analyze the distribution of observable quality indicators for daily activity service programs. We find that municipalities that conduct regular user surveys find reasons to spend more per user on average. Additionally, the probability for transitions to employment at a regular workplace is higher in municipalities where as a routine a review is made of whether each participant can be offered an internship or work. The objective of Essay 4: The Composition of Local Government Expenditure and Growth: Empirical Evidence from Sweden, is to analyze whether there is a possibility of enhancing the average income growth rate at the local level by redistributing expenditure between main functional areas of local governments, while keeping the budget restriction fixed. We find that devoting large shares of expenditure on areas that increase labor supply, such as child care are positively related to growth in income. Additionally we find that spending areas previously categorized as productive can have a non-linier relationship with growth.
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46

Cardoso, Catarina. "The role of human capital in the Iberian countries' growth and convergence." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2011. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/8523.

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This thesis examines the role of human capital in the growth and convergence of the Iberian countries. Using a newly computed series for human capital at the NUTS III level for the Portuguese regions, the comparison between Portugal and Spain suggests a positive role for human capital proxied by the average years of schooling in both Iberian countries regional growth, which supports the hypothesis that higher levels of education improved the regions‟ ability to adopt new technology; although the levels of education indicate that secondary schooling is important for technology adoption in Portugal, but not in Spain, and its effect is higher than that of tertiary education. Using Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA), two convergence clubs are identified within the Iberia Peninsula (Core and Periphery), but convergence occurs mainly in the Periphery group and education plays a positive and significant role only in the Core club.
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47

Hailu, Yohannes G. "A spatial simultaneous growth equilibrium modeling of agricultural land development in the northeast United States." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2006. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4647.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2006.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 152 p. : ill. (some col.), map. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 140-147).
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48

Nwaigbo, Leonard Chinedum. "Spatial variation of tree growth and site factors in a silvopastoral system in northeast Scotland." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320236.

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The spatial variation of tree growth and site factors was studied in a silvopastoral system at Glensaugh in Northeast Scotland. Sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus L). Hybrid larch (Larix x eruolepsis Henry) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L) were planted at 5 m x 5 m, 7.1 m x 7.1 m and 10 m x 10 m spacings on plots replicated over three blocks in a Randomised Complete Block design on a rye grass (Lolium perenne L) pasture which was grazed by sheep yearly from April to October. Included in the design were an agricultural control, forestry control and mowed plots. The agricultural control had no trees but grazed pasture and the mowed plots had trees but the pasture was not grazed, instead it was cut at intervals and left to decompose on site. The forestry control plots had no pasture and as such were not given fertiliser treatments and soil samples were not collected from them, in these the trees were planted at the standard 2 m x 2 m spacings and fenced off from the animals. Pastures received 160 kg N/ha-1 annum-1 in four equal applications. The objective of this work is to study at tree-scale the spatial variation of tree growth and site factors in grazed and ungrazed silvopastoral system plots. Total soil N, available Mg and Ca, as well as organic matter (OM), %C, pH in water and Calcium chloride increased significantly with distance from the tree while P decreased significantly with distance from the tree in grazed plots. The presence of trees or animals alone in a treatment did not significantly influence soil nutrient redistribution in a silvopastoral system. Therefore it takes the combined presence of trees and animals in a silvopastoral treatment for a significant redistribution of soil nutrients around the tree to occur.
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49

Lawrence, Matthew S. "Spatial and Temporal Growth Trends of Poplar Trees Planted for the Purpose of Pah Remediation." Master's thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37132.

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The objective of this study was to investigate the spatial and temporal trends of a phytoremediation system comprised of poplar trees designed to control groundwater flow and remove primarily polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Several lab and field studies have demonstrated the success of poplar trees in effectively decreasing concentrations of volatile hydrocarbons, but few have demonstrated effects on PAH concentrations. Thus, the focus of this report will be the response of the poplar trees in relation to hydrophobic, nonvolatile polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (acenapthene, acenapthylene, anthracene, chrysene, fluoranthene, naphthalene, phenanthrene, and pyrene) in a shallow, surficial aquifer. This field study was conducted on a 1.7-acre site in Oneida, Tennessee contaminated with creosote that was once used for railroad cross-tie treatment. Spatial analysis was used to divide the site into areas based on contaminant levels and a layer of coal that served as a layer of low permeability at an approximate depth of 2 feet. The semi-impermeable coal layer does have an adverse impact on tree growth, while the contamination does not appear to adversely affect tree growth. The rate of growth is also impacted by the age of the tree at planting where younger trees grow faster than the older trees. A steady decrease in PAH concentrations has occurred at the multi-level samplers surrounded by a root zone that has penetrated the contamination. PAH compounds present at relatively high concentrations in the soil and groundwater do not appear to affect tree growth to a greater or lesser extent than lower PAH concentrations. While further research is required to affirm the positive effects of poplar trees at this site, the tree stand has responded well to the high PAH levels.
Master of Science
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50

Myers, Lauren. "Economic growth in Cape Town : An assessment and redirection of Cape Town's Spatial Development Framework." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/7522.

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A challenge presented to city planners in Cape Town concerns the need to remedy spatial injustices and economic inequalities polarizing the city’s population. However, the current SDF does not sufficiently establish that the Voortrekker Road Corridor is the likely location for Cape Town's future economic backbone. This dissertation questions the feasibility of the Voortrekker Road Corridor project by testing the hypothesis that the city’s future economic backbone is unlikely to be situated along the West-East Voortrekker Road Corridor. This is accomplished by analysing growth trends in the non-residential property market. Evidence supporting the hypothesis was drawn using Geospatial Information System (GIS) analysis of the city’s recent spatial economic development using non-residential building area completions between 2005 and 2012. Informing these findings, interviews were conducted with property brokers, development managers and a senior urban planner at the City of Cape Town in order to gain expert insight into the property market in Cape Town. Rode’s Report analysing Cape Town’s property market for the first quarter of 2013 was also consulted, along with other reputable secondary sources. The results were and formed strong case for the nature of the city’s current spatial-economic trends. It was found that the most rapid rate of spatial economic growth is occurring along two north-south axes towards the northern peripheries. These development axes are broadly situated along N7 on the West Coast and along the R300’s northern segment towards Tygervalley and Brackenfell. What is more, spatial economic development is developing in several nodes, rather than along a single corridor. These have implications for planning to remedy spatial economic injustices in the city. It is argued that the SDF overestimates the capacity of planners to shape the course of spatial development, as is reflected by the encouragement of the East-West Voortrekker Road Corridor vision.
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