Dissertations / Theses: 'Spatial governance'

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Lau, Mandy Hang Man. "Spatial planning, meta-governance and sub-regional variation." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608284.

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O'Sullivan, Michael. "Planning for growth in Scottish city-regions : 'neoliberal spatial governance'?" Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2018. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/31018/.

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The PhD is driven by a need to analyse what Scottish planning has come to represent in practice. It does this through a focus on how Scottish planning reform (Planning etc. Scotland Act, 2006) has been used to respond to the key public policy issues of achieving ‘sustainable growth’ and particularly planning for housing in growth- pressured city-regions. In England, Allmendinger’s (2016) recent critical consideration of the current state of planning despondently sees ‘neoliberal spatial governance’ where planning is focussed on ‘facilitating growth,’ through ‘post political’ process and driven by ‘narrow sectional interests’. This thesis analyses the extent to which such critique is a relevant way of understanding Scottish planning and how planning has come to be criticised from some perspectives as a tool for rolling out growth, while for others planning is still perceived as a drag on growth. It does this by analysing planning practice in two city regions – Aberdeen and Edinburgh - which have faced pressures for growth, particularly housing growth. Both have used the reformed Scottish planning system to deal with these pressures. In Aberdeen, it reveals why an ambitious growth agenda easily emerged, where planning actors utilised the reformed Scottish planning system to advocate an ‘ambitious strategy’. In Edinburgh, it reveals why, despite utilising the same planning system, a more complex and conflictual relationship around planning and housing growth has remained in place, as the city-region struggled to realise a spatial strategy that adapts to existing local political tensions. In each case the role of global and local structuring economic conditions are foregrounded. This qualitative comparative case study analyses the operation of Scottish planning in the period (2007-2016) in two growth-pressured Scottish city-regions. It involves 48 interviews conducted in the period 2013-2015 with public sector officers, councillors, developer interests and community and special interest groups and the analysis of documents associated with planning strategies. It has been conducted by a planner who has worked ‘in the field’ in the public and private sectors in both cases. It applies a broadly Gramscian analysis, utilising a Strategic Relational Approach, where planning actors pursue differing agendas and attempt to address wider and competing public policy concerns while operating within evolving structural conditions. It demonstrates the ways in which planning is a means by which particular interests can formalise their ambitions for growth but can equally be used to constrain and defer decisions around growth. However, both cases reveal planning as a form of ‘neoliberal spatial governance’ where the contradictions of current state-market relations mean Scottish planning is unlikely to meet its complex objective of delivering ‘sustainable economic growth’.

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Lawson, Suzanne. "Addressing Complex Problems: Spatial Targeting, Disadvantage and Urban Governance in Australia." Thesis, Griffith University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366655.

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Over the past 20 years governments in Australia have been experimenting with spatial targeting as a way to address disadvantage. Spatially targeted programs are distinct from traditional functional programs in that they are geographically based and focus on working with communities and across governments to address multiple problems at the local level. In this context NSW and Queensland stand out as two states that adopted explicit spatial responses to urban disadvantage in the form of place management programs. Place management programs were cast as innovative attempts to address concentrated disadvantage in discrete local communities. Why these two states adopted spatial targeting is the central question of this research. The research uses in-depth case study analysis of place management programs in Western Sydney and Brisbane to uncover the multiple factors that led to this form of spatial targeting. Analysis of the decision-making and implementation process for these programs provides insights about the policy process in Australia and the prospects for spatial targeting to tackle complex social policy issues. Place management programs are comparable with examples of spatial targeting in other Western democracies, for example area-based initiatives in the UK. Area-based initiatives sought to address the concentrated disadvantage that arose from restructuring and deindustrialisation, with targeted intensive interventions in local areas. Drawing on the international literature, this research extends the concept of spatial targeting by applying it to the Australian case. Whilst some of the international features are identifiable here, other aspects of spatial targeting are unique to the Australian institutional context. In this thesis it is argued that from the 1980s onwards, economic restructuring and urban redevelopment in Australian cities contributed to the emergence of complex problems. Existing governance arrangements were unable to respond to these problems and the capacity of the service system was undermined by increasing demand as well as public sector reforms and changing welfare policy. Spatially targeted programs were seen as a new way to respond to these issues.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Environment
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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MASSA, PIERANGELO. "Social Media Geographic Information (SMGI): opportunities for spatial planning and governance." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266862.

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The dissertation concerns the opportunities arising from the use of social media platforms as an information resource for supporting design, analysis and decision-making in spatial planning. The widespread diffusion of Web 2.0 technologies and tools such as geobrowsers, Application Programming Interfaces (API), GPS-enabled mobile devices, and recently Location-Based Social Networks are fostering the production, collection and sharing of georeferenced information by the Internet users, namely Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) and Social Media Geographic Information (SMGI), which are not only related to measures of the geographical component, but also to user perceptions and opinions on places, localities and daily-routine events. The wealth of VGI and SMGI freely available through the Internet may affect current practices in regional and urban planning, offering opportunities for real-time monitoring of needs, thoughts and trends of local communities. However, several hurdles related to data accessibility and management, as well as to knowledge extraction are limiting a wider use of SMGI in practice. In the light of the above premises, the research goal is to address the different aspects required for properly using VGI and SMGI within the urban and regional planning domains. The methodological approach is developed following two main directions. First, the approach builds on the design and development of ad-hoc tools able to deal with the issues regarding the access, management and analysis of SMGI. Second, the dissertation formalizes a novel analytical framework, called SMGI Analytics, which enables the proficient use of this information in different planning scenarios. Several case studies are discussed in order to evaluate the value of both the developed tools and the proposed framework. Then, the SMGI Analytics framework is applied on a case study concerning the municipality of Cagliari in Sardinia (Italy) investigating and characterizing a specific public space. Finally, the dissertation proposes a critical discussion about the developed tools and instruments’ effectiveness for eliciting knowledge from SMGI. The discussion ends identifying the potentialities of obtained findings to address diverse questions related to spatial planning.

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Thaler, Thomas. "Rescaling in flood risk governance : new spatial and institutional arrangements and structures." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2015. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/17454/.

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Flood governance and policy in Europe are changing: the role of the state and individual responsibility for risk management are now key contemporary issues in flood policy. The new policy agenda has been implemented to enhance the responsibilities of local authorities in flood risk management and reduce the controlling role of central national governments. The new strategies place the lead responsibility on local organisations to determine local strategies to manage local risks. This thesis examines the new role of these local authorities and organisations in flood risk management as well as how the nature of partnerships are established and operate, focusing especially on the main barriers and challenges. In principle, local authorities should be able to lead partnerships with local stakeholders to ensure effective local flood risk management. However, with current pressures on local authorities to reduce spending and a parallel reduction in the central state’s resources, partnership has been seen as a possibility to both increase the value of budgets available. The central aspects of this thesis are to investigate and to explore the influence of new scales on the interaction and performance of the different actors and their relationships; particularly with regard to power, processes and scaled networks. The research was carried out through a series of semi-structured interviews with both regional and local stakeholders in Austria and England. It demonstrates not only the importance of network connections between actors at the same scale, but refers also to the networks between actors and stakeholders at different scales, especially between local and national level. Local engagement strongly depends on social capacities, such as knowledge, motivation/self-interest, economics, networks, organisation and procedural capacity.

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Soysal, Begum. "The Contribution Of Strategic Spatial Planning To The Establishment Of Democratic Governance Structures." Thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12610301/index.pdf.

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This thesis aims to search the contribution of strategic spatial planning to the establishment of democratic governance structures. Within this aim
it discusses strategic spatial planning with respect to its procedural and organizational characteristics and the notion of governance with respect to the issue of participatory democracy. Additionally
it argues that strategic spatial planning includes some conditions including that enhance the development of democratic governance. In doing these
it both covers a theoretical framework and a case study. In the theoretical framework
it encompasses the traditional and contemporary planning approaches in a comparative way and it studies the circumstances that have triggered the emergence of contemporary planning approaches by concentrating on the notions of democracy, participation and dialogue. The theoretical part also discusses the democracy models with respect to different participation patterns, the characteristics of strategic planning and different models of governance. Within these issues
on the theoretical ground, the study presents the components of strategic spatial planning, participation, dialogue and action which enhance the emergence of democratic governance mechanisms. In the case study part
Ankara Strategic Spatial Planning Experience is presented by an insider&rsquo
s point of view by extracting the theory from within the practice. The case study assesses each phase of the planning process within a consideration of the notions of participation, dialogue and action and in the context of organizational structure, dialogical process and action plans. In addition to all
this study embraces action research approach since it has been the research methodology implemented in the case which has fostered the formation of democratic governance mechanisms. The study assesses strategic spatial planning as an interactive approach which challenges participatory democracy while contributing to the emerging governance structures in space. The theoretical research and the case study analysis shows that strategic spatial planning approach enhances the establishment of democratic organizational structures, dialogical processes and inter-institutional relations. Also, the application of a strategic spatial planning approach in Ankara Strategic Spatial Planning Process has triggered cooperation among different governmental and sectoral levels and different spatial scales. Additionally, it has reinforced the construction of social and political capacities of stakeholders. The participatory practice that strategic spatial planning has yielded has had an integrative effect for the organizational structure in space. In conclusion, as the result of broad participation and establishment of dialogical processes, Ankara strategic spatial planning process served as an integrating device for the development of inter-sectoral and inter-institutional relations within dialogue and collaboration among actors. Thereby, as a result of the theoretical research and the case study it is concluded that strategic spatial planning approaches are likely to foster the establishment of democratic governance structures. However
there are some local circumstances that may affect the strategic spatial planning processes to develop an effective organizational structure. The local circumstances including lack of participation culture, active citizenry, the bureaucratic structure, the existing political structure in the locality are some significant factors that affect the process. Hence
this thesis argues that strategic spatial planning processes embrace prominent conditions including
participation, dialogue and action that have an important affect on the formation of democratic governance structures. Nevertheless, the local circumstances have an important weight on the process and its expected results.

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Channer, Julie. "Forms, fields and forces : an exploration of state governance of the creative industries in South West England." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/11382.

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This thesis explores the forms, fields and forces that relate to state governance of ‘the creative industries’ in South West England (1997-2010). Focusing on regional agencies that were involved in delivering Labour’s agenda for a ‘creative economy and elements of Creative Britain (DCMS et al., 2008), questions of multi-scalar governance, spatial-temporal ‘fix’ and re-scaling state space (Goodwin et al, 2005; Jessop, 2007) are examined. Despite the reported economic importance of ‘the creative industries’ (The Work Foundation, 2007), ‘joined up’ governance at the regional scale proved difficult to manage. A congested and turbulent institutional landscape at national and regional level was compounded by lack of fit between cultural and economic policies (Jayne, 2005; O’Connor, 2007; Pratt, 2005). Towards the end of Labour’s rule, Government fiscal reform and economic recession further threatened both economic and cultural 'state spaces' (Brenner, 2004) and by mid 2010 the regional experiment was over. Using a multi-level and in-depth case study approach, the thesis looks at how ‘historically specific configurations of state space are produced and incessantly reworked’ (Brenner, 2004: 76). Following discourse on ‘new state space’ (Jones and Jessop, 2010), a political geography of a state landscape is explored. Of particular significance, and highlighting the problematic interface between the economic and cultural spheres, are Culture South West, South West Screen and the South West Creative Economy Partnership. An argument is made that state bodies are both reactive and proactive mediators, whose ‘imaginaries of power’such as ‘the creative industries’, are hegemonic devices that evolve over time and space. Whether intentional or serendipity, the effects of structural and processual inter-relations are occasional ‘moments’ (Jones, 2009a) of coherence when governance success prevails. These moments are critical to state bodies for (re)producing hierarchies, (re)affirming power relations and (re)aligning political goals.

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Schlegel, Sven. "Partizipative und governance-orientierte Ansätze zur Weiterentwicklung der räumlichen Planung - dargestellt an den Fallbeispielen der Gemeinden Calakmul und Candelaria in Mexiko." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-94847.

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Ausgehend von den Thesen, dass die räumliche Planung ein Aufgabenfeld ist, welches weit über die staatliche Einflussnahme hinausreicht und kooperative Beziehungen sowie kollektives Handeln aller involvierten Akteure erfordert; die Aufgaben der Planung nicht ohne Governance und ein darauf ausgerichtet Planungssystem zu bewältigen sind; die räumliche Planung, Planungssysteme sowie Akteure jedoch nicht adäquat auf dieses Planungsverständnis ausgerichtet sind und sich deswegen weiterentwickeln müssen, fokussiert die vorliegende Arbeit partizipative und governance-orientierte Ansätze zur Weiterentwicklung der räumlichen Planung. Ziel ist es, kontextspezifisch die Implikationen einer, auf Governance ausgerichteten Planung für die involvierten Stakeholder, den Planungsprozess und das Planungssystem aufzuzeigen. Grundlage hierfür bildete ein partizipativer und governance-orientierter Ansatz zur Weiterentwicklung der räumlichen Planung. Anhand eines konkreten Falls aus dem Südosten Mexikos konnte Governance im Bereich der räumlichen Planung kontextbezogen operationalisiert werden. Indem das gesamte Spektrum der raumrelevanten Akteure in die Operationalisierung einbezogen wurde, konnten die verschiedenen Interessen, Perspektiven und Blickwinkel der räumlichen Planung extrahiert werden. Basierend auf den hieraus abgeleiteten Zielvorstellungen der raumrelevanten Akteure erfolgte eine ex post Betrachtung von zwei kürzlich durchgeführten Planungsprozessen in den mexikanischen Gemeinden Candelaria und Calakmul. Aus dieser konnten wichtige Vorschläge zur Weiterentwicklung der räumlichen Planung abgeleitet werden. Erhebt die räumliche Planung den Anspruch, an die Gegebenheiten des Raumes angepasste und an den Zielvorstellungen der Akteure ausgerichtete Verfahren einzusetzen, bietet sich eine formative Anwendung partizipativer und governance-orientierter Ansätze an. Am Anfang eines Planungsprozesses könnten somit die Zielvorstellungen der raumrelevanten Akteure gegenüber der Planung kommuniziert werden. Im selben Moment kann das notwenige Basiswissen zur räumlichen Planung vermittelt werden. Der in der vorliegenden Arbeit vorgestellte Ansatz könnte mit einigen Modifikationen die Grundlage hierfür bilden.

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Shahsavarian, Mahsa. "Regional Spatial Planning for Coordination : A case study on the strategic structural picture of Skåne." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för fysisk planering, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-12934.

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Giving a spatial structure to the regional development strategies in order to achieve a balanced use of lands and resources for a more sustainable development is not a straightforward task for the regions in Sweden. The reason is the planning monopoly of the municipalities and lack of planning power at the regional level based on the Planning and Building Act. Therefore, using a strategic spatial planning process as a coordination process is a controversial issue in the Swedish planning system. This thesis is dedicated to a case study (Structural picture of Skåne) in order to achieve a better and deeper understanding of the various aspects of such process. This purpose has been followed through collecting quantitative data (semi structured interviews and documents) and analyzing them according to a conceptual framework. The findings demonstrate that in order to meta-governing the network of municipalities in a region, strategic spatial planning process includes meta-governance mechanisms (network design, network framing and network management). The network design mechanism is heavily depends on the legitimacy of the spatial planning process and the initiator (here Region Skåne) is required to increase this legitimacy by working on different aspects of legitimacy. The network framing is to interactively build a consensus among all the actors by developing a common vision for the region and concretize it through common strategies. The scenarios for the future of the region must be developed through discussions and joint interpretation of the facts and analysis rather than being made merely by technical spatial analysis. Otherwise, making the strategies would face lots of misunderstandings, ambiguities and oppositions. Finally, since a complete consensus is not possible, questions and disagreements always exist. In addition, the weaker actors (municipalities) which have limitations and barriers to implement the strategies or put themselves in line with them need constant support from the stronger actors and the Region. Hence, the strategic spatial planning calls for a continuous discussion and support in order to manage the network of municipalities and keep the created picture alive in the background of their comprehensive plans.

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Naidoo, Ashley Desmond. "Ocean governance in South Africa: Policy and implementation." University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7355.

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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD
Ocean Governance in South Africa has gained momentum over the last decade with the publication of the Green and White Papers on the National Environmental Management of the Ocean in 2012 and 2014, and the promulgation of the Marine Spatial Planning Act in 2019. Parallel to this South Africa developed and implemented the Operation Phakisa Ocean Economy Development Programme and declared a network of twenty Marine Protected Areas. The timing of this study over the last five years allowed the opportunity to undertake a detailed study of the Ocean Governance Policy Development and Implementation as the formulation of the policy and its early implementation unfolded. The Study is primarily based on interpretation of the Green and White Papers as the primary and directed ocean governance policies produced by the Government of South African and the National Department of Environmental Affairs. It places these most recent specific ocean environmental policies in the context of the many other environmental policies that exits in the country.

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Young, Teresa Jane. "Involving place based and interest based communities in urban regeneration : a temporal and spatial reading of community governance." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.440391.

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Salder, Jacob. "Sub-national governance and the relational spatial economy : examining spaces of firm-state engagement in the 'localist' era." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6565/.

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Recent debate has focused on the role of state spatial approaches to the governance of an increasingly networked and fluid economy. This has seen transitions in both the scale of practise, focused on meso-level spaces, and the form of scalar fix, progressing from region to city-region and Functional Economic Area. As theories of spatial economy argue an increasingly dispersed mode of practise, integrated into global exchanges, state spatiality has responded through spatial reform to capitalise on this networked model. This study seeks to understand the link between spaces of economic governance, the formal spaces in which meso-level policy is pursued, and spaces of economic production, created by flows of firm transaction and exchange. Situated in the Southern Staffordshire area of the English Midlands, it considers how these forms of space are constructed, interpreted and integrated through articulations and practices of state spatial policy. Using a relational framework, interpreting space as a dynamic phenomenon, it considers the critical factors linking spaces of economic production and economic governance and the influence of ongoing rescaling tendencies within state and industrial strategy. It proposes whilst the sub-national has been debated as a critical point of convergence for these separate spatial articulations, this is highly selective through its capacity to interpret spatial economy and privileging of specific spatial and sectoral interests.

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Sengupta, Tania. "Producing the province : colonial governance and spatial cultures in district headquarter towns of Eastern India 1786-c.1900." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2010. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/907x0/producing-the-province-colonial-governance-and-spatial-cultures-in-district-headquarter-towns-of-eastern-india-1786-c-1900.

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Wolfram, Filemon. "The ABC's of Placemaking Governance : Learning from Amsterdam, Berlin and Copenhagen." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-292291.

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Placemaking is an approach to designing urban spaces based on their existing values and identities. It has emerged as a response to citizens wishing to have an active role in the planning process and influence the development of their own surroundings. Placemaking often occurs from spontaneous consequences, with a diverse range of urban stakeholders involved in the process. Leading these complex processes has required local authorities to rethink their approach to urban governance. Despite municipalities being key actors in placemaking contexts, their role in the process is not well understood. Through a comparative case study of Amsterdam, Berlin and Copenhagen, this thesis examines how local authorities have interpreted and contributed to placemaking. The cities are analysed with a theoretical framework consisting of their governance structures, spatial leadership roles, placemaking tools and facilitation of public participation. The results indicate that municipalities interpret placemaking to involve public participation in a place-bound approach. A wide range of stakeholders were identified to be involved in the placemaking process, including local authorities, artists, neighbourhood associations, leisure time clubs, civic interest groups and private property developers. The roles of these actors were found to vary greatly from project to project. The study concludes that – despite some opportunistic flexibility – the municipalities of Amsterdam, Berlin and Copenhagen generally take on a more observing, follower-dominant and bottom-linked role in the placemaking process. This observation implies that during the 21st century, cities have adopted a significantly more adaptive and observant role in their urban governance processes. This is especially evident within the placemaking context, which embraces the idea of co-creation and collaboration.

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Magigi, Wakuru. "Improving urban land governance with emphasis on integrating agriculture based livelihoods in spatial land use planning practise in Tanzania." [S.l. : s.n.], 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:25-opus-53115.

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Korah, Prosper I. "Emergent new cities and spatial transformation in Ghana's Greater Accra Region: Exploring the drivers, governance and consequences of growth." Thesis, Griffith University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/404859.

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Cities all over Africa are undergoing significant transformations. The majority of these transformations, with the exception of the expansion in informal settlements, have involved the sudden emergence of ambitious new city projects. Over 200 new city projects are underway across the continent of Africa, making the past decade the most active city-building period since the colonial era. The advocates and enablers of new cities argue that the development of new urban spaces on a massive scale is necessary for creating modern, world class, smart cities; a precondition for economic competitiveness even though such projects raise concerns regarding their tendency to exacerbate segregation, ecological destruction and the displacement and exclusion of the poor. The new city building trend in Africa is generating considerable scholarly interest, yet the discourses, foreign and domestic actors, governance and the consequences of new city projects for adjoining communities is poorly understood. Within the context of rapidly changing urban spaces in Africa, research which makes sense of the trends, drivers and implications becomes central. Focusing on new city projects in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana (GAR), this thesis analyses: (1) the drivers and rationales for new African cities and the contemporary urban governance regimes that shape them; (2) the social and spatial outcomes which are produced in the process of developing new cities; and, (3) how, with and for whom are planning strategies for new cities mobilised? The overarching research question is: How are contemporary urban spaces produced and transformed in Ghana’s GAR? The thesis deploys assemblage thinking to explore the emerging new city building phenomenon in GAR, the ways in which state intervention and power relations influence the production of new cities, their socio-spatial impacts, and the struggles over access to urban land. This thesis is based on multiple sources of data including in-depth key informant interviews, policy and archival document reviews and Geographic Information System-based spatial analysis. The results of this research are presented as three journal papers (two published and one under review). The findings suggest that the state’s desire to raise the competitiveness of Accra as an international business centre, i.e., a ‘world city’ ideal, and the need to decongest Accra’s central business district and ensure rational land use development were central to the emergence of new cities in GAR. Other explanations include the infertility of farmland, the decision by government to acquire part of the farmland for residential development, and the availability of expertise in building technology. Challenges associated with land transactions in GAR, such as disputes and multiple land sales, and embedded social and cultural factors including the prestige attached to owning a home in Ghana, increased the appeal and uptake of new cities among investors. In terms of new cities’ governance, the findings show the continuing involvement of the state, demonstrating a departure from the privatised governance models that typically characterise scholarship concerning the administration of new cities. The findings further show that the socio-spatial effects of new cities are not given, but are produced through the nature of assemblages that the actors enter and re/constitute. The findings demonstrate that the production of new cities and subsequent transformation of urban spaces in GAR is the outcome of the interactions among specific state and non-state framings of urban development, the nature of land ownership, and both global and local economic, political, institutional, and social conditions. The interactions of these factors create winners and losers in relation to access and use of peri/urban land. While neoliberalism was influential in the transformation of urban spaces in GAR, it was not the only determining factor. The overall findings of the thesis centre contemporary spatial transformation in GAR as emergent, becoming, relational, and subject to a range of determinations. Thus, the findings of this thesis contribute to attempts to post-colonise urban studies and add to critiques of ideas that centre neoliberal logics in contemporary spatial transformation. Recommendations to improve spatial planning outcomes in GAR are proffered. The results of the thesis will be of interest to spatial planners and policymakers, international organisations such as The World Bank and UN Habitat, as well as other sub-Saharan Africa countries seeking to create inclusive and sustainable urban spaces under conditions of rapid transformation. The results will also be of interest to academics interested in African urbanism, urban geography and planning.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Environment and Sc
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Dalby, Laura. "Weak Governance, Divided Residents: The Development of Gated Communities in Guatemala City." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26269.

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This thesis asks the question: how can one describe the development of gated communities in Guatemala City? It collects and analyzes data on gated communities in Guatemala City in order to explore the nature of their development in a violent geographical region, which has also been neglected by the academic community. It argues that the development of gated communities in Guatemala City does not fit the mutually exclusive ‘security’ argument as scholars have made. Instead, a mixture of economic factors, social status, weak governance, and security concerns are involved as large private corporations draw upon security-related fears, unregulated development of real estate and weak governance, resulting in a disorganized model of spatial organization. This study adds to the growing body of literature on gated communities by laying the groundwork needed to fill the gap that currently exists in Central America.

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Bangoura, Marie Rose. "Gestion des déchets solides ménagers et ségrégation socio-spatiale dans la ville de Conakry." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU20038/document.

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Les déchets ménagers sont devenus un problème crucial qui inquiète de plus en plus municipalité et population à Conakry. Car l’actuel mode de gestion des déchets est marqué par d’importants dysfonctionnements. Le taux de collecte qui était de 70 % en 1997 atteint à peine aujourd’hui les 20 % alors que la quantité de déchets produits continue d’augmenter (600 t en 1997 à plus 1500 t en 2015). Le caractère inopérant des structures de collecte et d’évacuation des déchets ménagers favorise l’implantation des dépotoirs sauvages incontrôlés partout dans la ville. Les immondices non ramassés, les eaux usées non canalisées, les voiries dégradées sont devenus le cauchemar des habitants. Suite à cette insalubrité croissante, Conakry affiche l’image d’une ville prise en otage par des "montagnes d’immondices". Ces derniers sont devenus le reflet d’une configuration socio-spatiale duale avec l’existence d’une sorte de « ségrégation » dans le service de pré-collecte et d’élimination des déchets. Au moment où les principaux axes, les centres administratifs, commerciaux et les quartiers riches bénéficient d’un service minimum de collecte, les quartiers populaires et pauvres où pourtant les densités élevées de populations conduisent à la production d’importantes quantités de déchets sont totalement ignorés. On assiste ainsi, à travers la gestion des déchets à deux villes dans la même cité : une ville moderne avec plus ou moins de collecte et l’autre, délaissée avec des quartiers insalubres. Devant ces disparités, les autorités ont développé et expérimenté des outils et essaient de trouver des stratégies de gestion optimale. Malheureusement, les outils mis en œuvre ont montré leurs limites, car ils se sont révélés inefficaces. Notre thèse essaie d’analyser les raisons de ces échecs de gestion dans un contexte de ségrégation socio-spatiale et de construire une perspective de gestion qui prend en compte le traitement et la valorisation en vue de l’amélioration de la situation environnementale et sanitaire du pays. Les données qui ont permis d’aboutir à ces résultats proviennent d’une recherche documentaire menée en France et en Guinée, d’un travail de géolocalisation des emplacements des déchets ménagers, d’entretiens auprès des acteurs institutionnels et non institutionnels, et d’enquêtes auprès des ménages de la ville
Household wastes have become a crucial problem which worries more and more municipality and population in Conakry. Because the current way of managing of waste is marked by important dysfunctions. The rate of collection which of 70% was in 1997 reached hardly today the 20% whereas the quantity of waste produced keeps on increasing, (600 T in 1997 to more 1500 T in 2015). The inoperative character of the structures of collection and evacuation of household wastes promote the establishment of the uncontrolled wild dumps everywhere in the city. The rubbish not collected, the sewage not channelled, the degraded roadway systems have become the nightmare of the inhabitants. Following this increasing insalubrity, Conakry displays the image of a city taken hostage by “mountains of rubbish”. The latter has become the reflection of a dual socio-spatial configuration with the existence of a kind of “segregation” in the service of pre-collection and waste disposal. At the time when the main axes, the administrative centres, shopping precinct and the rich districts profit from a minimum service of collection, the popular quarters and the poor where however the high densities of populations lead to the production of important quantities of waste are completely ignored. One attends thus through waste management two cities in the same city: a modern city with more or less of collection and the other, forsaken with unhealthy districts. In front of these disparities, the authorities developed and tried out tools and try to find strategies of optimal management. Unfortunately, the tools implemented showed their limits, because they appeared ineffective. Our thesis tries to analyse the reasons of these failures of management in a context of socio-space segregation and to build a prospect for management which takes into account the treatment and valorisation for the improvement of the environmental and medical situation of the country. The data which made it possible to lead to these results come from a document retrieval undertaken in France and Guinea, of a work of geolocation of the sites of household wastes, talks near the institutional and no institutional actors, and investigations near the households of the city

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Gaudry, Sada Karl Heinz [Verfasser], and Werner [Akademischer Betreuer] Konold. "Territorial governance through nature conservation regimes : : an analysis of spatial planning traditions and the role of UNESCO Biosphere Reserves = Territoriale Governance durch Naturschutzregime : eine Analyse der Raumplanungstraditionen und die Rolle der UNESCO-Biosphaerenreservate." Freiburg : Universität, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1115861174/34.

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20

Wilkinson, Cathy. "Social-ecological resilience and planning: an interdisciplinary exploration." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Systemekologiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-78977.

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Despite considerable expansion in the scope and function of the state with respect to environmental protection, the world’s biological diversity and ecosystem services continue to deteriorate. Finding ways to better govern human-nature relations in cities is an important part of addressing this decline. The aim of this thesis is to explore the potential of social-ecological resilience to inform urban governance in theory and practice, through a focus on strategic spatial planning. Resilience has become an increasingly important urban policy discourse and much hope is placed in its potential to improve urban governance. However, there is an acknowledged gap between social-ecological resilience as an ideal and the ability to govern towards it in practice. At the time this doctoral research commenced there had been no engagement with social-ecological resilience in the planning theory literature and minimal engagement by empirical planning research. It is to this gap the thesis contributes. Social-ecological resilience scholarship is found to offer planning theory a partly new way of understanding complex human-nature relations. This is relevant to calls by planning theorists for more attention to matters of substance, including ecological processes. With respect to practice, planners see potential for social-ecological resilience to critically inform strategic spatial planning, including through the framing of problems, tools for analysis/synthesis and governance options. There are also however, lessons for social-ecological resilience scholarship that emerge from the detailed empirical research which suggests that attention to the politics of the everyday activities of administrators, elected officials, planning officials, conservationists and citizens operating within the so-called ‘mangle of practice’ is critical to explaining the gap between the ideal of governing for urban resilience, and what happens in practice.

At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 4: Manuscript. Paper 5: Manuscript.

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Nyemba, Anesu Angelic. "An analysis of the spatial and temporal changes in the Riparian zone of the Berg River in the vicinity of Hermon: implications for governance." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6607.

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Riparian zones broadly refer to the interface between terrestrial and aquatic systems. It is widely acknowledged that riparian zones provide a number of services including that of an ecological corridor for migration of animal species; a habitat; food for aquatic macro invertebrates in the form of organic matter; stabilising river banks; filtering nutrients and sediments from water that discharges off surface slopes and land; and protecting and improving water quality of river systems. This study examines how the Berg River riparian zone has changed over the past few decades and then considers the implications for governance of these zones in South Africa. The study identifies changes in vegetation composition and spatial extent of the riparian zone. The study site is a stretch of the Berg River in the Hermon area. Changes in vegetation and the spatial extent of the riparian zone over time were identified and mapped using aerial photographs of the study area spanning a period from 1955 to 2012. The results of the study showed that the spatial extent of the riparian zone decreased by 29.3% from 55 ha in 1955 to 39 ha in 2012. At the same time the area covered by trees (Eucalyptus globules) increased from 3.84 ha in 1955 to 35.94 ha while the area covered by shrubs that could be detected from the sources, decreased from 46.10 ha in 1955 to close to zero in 2012. The results of this study reveal a lack of governance in the river system. The lack of governance is attributed to the fact that the Berg River Catchment Management Agency is not operational. In South Africa weak governance in the management and responsible care in safeguarding riparian zones has compromised water quality, ecological integrity and habitat of the river system.

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Louda, Jiří. "Kritická analýza metod hodnocení ekonomického a ekologického rozvoje území." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-76857.

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Sustainable development has become in last two decades a phenomenon. Principles of this concept are implemented into most of political development documents at the international, national, regional and local level. Outcomes of sustainable development assessment are often used as basis of measures which influence the process of spatial development. However there exist many approaches how to assess the sustainable development, so far it haven`t been achieved a general consensus how to do it. The aim of this thesis is a critical interpretation of literature considering sustainable development and analysis of implementation of sustainable development assessment in municipalities of Czech Republic. Method of this analysis is desk research of documents called analysis of spatial sustainable development (rozbor udržitelného rozvoje území), which the municipalities have to (by law) make out and semi-standardized interview with representatives of local and regional authorities

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Larochelle, Catherine. "Three essays on productivity and risk, marketing decisions, and changes in well-being over time." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40379.

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This dissertation is composed of three essays; the first two examine the decisionmaking of potato producing households in Bolivia and the third examines well-being changes among Zimbabwe households. The first essay entitled “The role of risk mitigation in production efficiency: A case study of potato cultivation in the Bolivian Andes” estimates the costs of self-managing environmental risk through activity and environmental diversification. Risk management has the potential to reduce income variability but at the cost of increasing production inefficiency, which we measure employing a stochastic production frontier. Among variables capturing environmental diversification, discontinuity between fields has the most detrimental effect on production efficiency. Activity diversification, measured by the ratio of potato to total crop revenue, has a stronger impact on inefficiency and yield losses than any of the environmental diversification variables. The second essay entitled “Determinants of market participation decisions and marketing choices in Bolivia” examines three decisions related to potato market participation: market entry, volume sold, and market choice. The first two are analyzed using a Heckman selection model. Results indicate that isolation, measured by population density and distance to markets, negatively impacts market entry. The most important determinant of quantity sold is land holding. Market choices are judged according to second-order stochastic dominance (SOSD). Market choices meeting the SOSD criterion are referred to as optimal marketing strategies as they have the higher expected payoff for a minimal income variance. Results suggest that the probability of selecting an optimal marketing strategy increases with quantity sold, access to market information, and access to liquidity while it decreases with distance to markets. The third essay entitled “A profile of changes in well-being in Zimbabwe, 2001- 2007/8, using an asset index methodology” shows that it is possible to examine intertemporal and spatial changes in well-being in the absence of consumption expenditures data by using an asset index. The asset index was constructed using Polychoric Principal Component Analysis. Results indicate that poverty and extremely poverty grew significantly in rural Zimbabwe while in urban areas, poverty diminished and extreme poverty grew.
Ph. D.
LTRA-7 (Pathways to CAPS in the Andes)

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Marchand, Sébastien. "Institutions and deforestation in developing countries." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CLF10372/document.

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Cette thèse étudie le rôle des institutions dans la compréhension du processus de déforestation dans les pays en développement. L'approche retenue est celle de la nouvelle économie institutionnelle qui définit les institutions comme le cadre incitatif d'une économie, qui structure les interactions économiques des individus. Le cadre institutionnel est donc un élément à part entière du système économique, qui agit sur l'environnement humain à travers la modulation des incitations des agents. A ce titre, les institutions jouent donc un rôle majeur dans le processus de conservation ou de conversion des forêts. L'analyse de ce rôle est la problématique centrale de cette thèse et s'articule autour de trois grandes parties: (1) le rôle de la persistance des institutions ou rôle de l'histoire dans la compréhension de celui des institutions, (2) le rôle de la demande de bonne gouvernance, et (3) le rôle des institutions comme élément catalytique conditionnant l'effet de causes plus directes de la déforestation. La première partie conclut sur le rôle majeur de la prise en compte des legs légaux et coloniaux pour expliquer l' effet des institutions sur la déforestation. La seconde partie explique le rôle majeur de la demande de bonne gouvernance pour préserver la forêt, en étant un substitut (complément) d'une mauvaise (bonne) offre de bonne gouvernance. Enfin, la troisième partie de la thèse suggère de comprendre les institutions comme un facteur catalytique de la déforestation qui permet de comprendre l' effet des causes directes de celle-Ci telles que la productivité agricole des fermes de l'Amazonie Légale, ou les comportements stratégiques entre communes du Paraná dans la création de parcs municipaux
This thesis investigates the role of institutions on deforestation within the framework of the New Institutional Economics. This theory states that institutions can be defined such as the incentive systm wich shape economic interactions throughout the modulations of the incentives of agents. This way, institutions are at stake in the process of deforestation and the analysis of this role is the core of this thesis, articulated around three parts : the role of institutional persistence (1), the importance of the deman for good governance (2) and the implications of institutions and governance system as an underlying framework shaping proximate causes of deforestation (3). The first part stresses the importance of taking into account colonial and legal legacies to understand the role of institutions on deforestation. The second part explains the leading role of the demand for good governance. the third part proposes two micro-Economics applications in Brazil. The role of institutions and governance systmem on forest cover is defined as a catalytic role precipitating the effect of proximate causes on deforestation such as agricultural productivity in the Legal Amazon, or strategic behaviors between counties in the creation of municipal conservation units in the state of Paranà

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Rennie, Hamish Gordon. "A Geography of Marine Farming Rights in New Zealand: Some Rubbings of Patterns on the Face of the Sea." The University of Waikato, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2525.

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Sustainable development of global marine resources has been the focus of various United Nations' agencies and coastal nations since World War II. As capture fisheries resources have come under pressure and perhaps reached their sustainable limit concern has been expressed over the ability to continue to meet the protein needs of expanding populations. One potentially significant contributor to addressing the food needs of the world is marine farming (mariculture). The expansion of marine farming in developing countries has been well-addressed in the literature, but marine farming in developed countries has received less attention. The traditional biophysical requirements of marine farming (sheltered clean water of appropriate depth) have led to conflicts with other users of the coastal environment. In the developed countries in particular, suitable sites are contested places of consumption (recreation, tourism) as well as production (capture fisheries). Moreover, the adjacent terrestrial land and water uses can significantly affect acceptability of marine farming. The avoidance of conflicts and the achievement of sustainable development in such settings are largely dependent on the systems of governance. In developed countries, these are often articulated through planning regimes and associated 'rights'. The global terrestrial planning response in the first two thirds of the 20th Century was dominated by a modernist approach to planning. In the later stages, a post-modern challenge coincided with the rise of neo-liberalism in many developed countries. Planning in New Zealand has shown a similar pattern. The extent to which modern, postmodern and neo-liberal approaches might have been manifest in the marine environment, especially with regard to marine farming, has received little attention. In most developed countries there has been an institutional separation between terrestrial and marine administrative agencies that has resulted in conflict between these agencies and between the regimes they work within and help create. Integrated Coastal Management emerged as a response to this situation and had become the dominant planning regime for coastal resources by the last decade of the 20th Century. It was largely uncritically promoted and accepted, especially by United Nations and coastal state government agencies. These themes provide the broad theoretical and practical context for this thesis. Since the 1970s, there has been a revolutionary break in New Zealand's resource management from a centralized command and control style of modernist planning to a neo-liberal, planning regime characterised by elements of modernism and postmodernism. Concurrently it has revamped, but failed to integrate, coastal and fisheries management and planning. Ironically, each of the resulting primary marine resource management statutes (the Resource Management Act 1991 (RMA) and the Fisheries Act 1983/1996 (FA83/96)) is considered to implement a world-leading model. Marine farming lies at the interface between the regimes created by these and preceding Acts and the nature of the regimes is explored in relation to marine farming. The development of the regimes and the rationale for them is set out with the aid of Scott's (1989, 2000b) axial model of the characteristics of a property right. The thesis groups the development of the New Zealand planning regimes for marine farming into four era: pre-modern (1866-1964), proto-modern (1964-1971), modern (1971-1991), and transitional (1991-2001). The evolution of the industry is shown largely to follow a generalized model of the industry in developed countries. This suggests that the nature of the property rights available for marine farming in New Zealand is not of great significance in the general development of the industry. The planning regime, however, significantly affects the spatial pattern of development of the industry. An analysis of provisions for marine farms in various plans suggests quite different planning 'styles' and approaches have been adopted in different parts of the country at different times. A Geographic Information System of all individual marine farms in New Zealand is developed to the stage where it can be combined with other data to investigate the spatial patterns that have evolved in New Zealand. A typology of patterns of farm arrangement in relation to other farms is apparent from the resultant mapped information. These patterns are shown to represent the outcomes of a combination of competing rights and the responses of and to the contemporaneous planning regimes. The consequences of adopting different styles of planning are apparent. This macro-level research is extended to the micro-level by an exploration of variables affecting the individual farmer's locational decisions. A national postal questionnaire survey of marine farm owners yielded 148 usable responses (32% response rate). Inferential statistical analytical tools were used to test the significance of relationships between particular variables. Multivariate analyses were used to cluster the respondents and the variables and to search for latent factors. These analyses supported field interview findings with regard to the importance of particular variables, especially planning regimes in directing the location and nature of marine farming. The results enabled development of a descriptive model for exploring and comparing the quality of different means of acquiring marine space for marine farming. The analyses also confirmed that significant changes were occurring within the structure of the industry. Analysis of the field interviews, maps, policy documents, Environment Court decisions and other secondary material shows the major capture fishing companies are increasingly dominating the industry. There was a notable presence of a category of 'entrepreneur site developers' exploiting the neo-liberal nature of the planning regimes of the 1990s to open up new areas for marine farming on scales unprecedented in the rest of the world. The consequent race for space has met with stiff resistance from the capture fishing industry, but more especially from the recreational sector. This has led to significant transaction costs. The Government response, a partial moratorium on marine farm development in November 2001, is shown to emulate the modernist command and control style of planning of twenty years earlier and to signal a failure of neo-liberal ideology to meet the needs of the industry and the public at large.

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Jerome, Kristine P. "Social and spatial relations in the production of social order: A case of the women's refuge." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2001. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36762/1/36762_Digitised%20Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis explores the way social and spatial relations produce social order. It does this through an examination of the women's refuge. The women's refuge is a particularly appropriate case to examine this relationship. While many other social institutions share the purpose of transforming populations, the refuge intensifies this process. This is because the refuge is about producing 'independent women' in a setting that is not purpose built, within a period of three months. Thus, the process of transformation is intensified socially, because it is compressed temporally and spatially. This thesis proposes a conceptual framework that is informed by Bourdieu and the theorists of 'the interaction order' - Goffman, Garfinkel and Sacks - and a case study using a number of qualitative methods to investigate this process. It does this by comparing the way the notions of 'independence', 'empowerment' and 'home' are embedded in daily practices of three examples of the refuge, in operation in urban Southeast Queensland. This provides a means to formulate a comprehensive picture about the production of the 'refuge culture', and the social and spatial relations that construct social order in this kind of social organisation. There are two reasons why this kind of investigation is important. Firstly, this investigation makes a substantive contribution to the study of the women's refuge. Existing literature about the women's refuge does not clearly describe the way this social world is produced and the way 'independent women' are constructed. This study does this by examining the social and spatial relations of this setting and the rhetoric that accompanies it. Furthermore, this case study examines three different refuge models in order to understand the way social order is produced and how social and spatial relations contribute to this process. This provides an opportunity to explore different versions of 'independence' and explain why one refuge model is more likely to produce 'independent women' in keeping with feminist rationale. Secondly, conceptually and methodologically, the contribution of this thesis is made possible by exploring the relevance of concepts proposed by Bourdieu to the issues of social and spatial relations and the way they construct social order. These concepts are operationalised and applied to theories of 'the interaction order' - proposed by Goffman, Garfinkel and Sacks - in order to understand the women's refuge. This research approach offers a framework to capture the everyday experience of the refuge by focusing on the way social actors sustain daily action. The methods used to do this are participant observation, focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews. The application of this method of social inquiry means that it is possible to comprehend the process of transformation, the way this is operationalised on a daily basis, and the set of relations that produce the ordered social world of the refuge. Furthermore, the application of this method of social inquiry provides a way to further comprehend the mechanisms that produce social order in social institutions intent on transforming populations in transition. This investigation makes substantive theoretical and methodological contributions to the disciplines of sociology and design. In relation to the sociological study of social organisations, this study demonstrates the importance of using a particular method of social inquiry to uncover the relationship between social and spatial orders in the construction of social order. In relation to design, this investigation demonstrates the way spatial organisation is intertwined with aspects of social and cultural organisation. Collectively, the findings presented in this study demonstrate the reflexive relationship between social and spatial orders and the construction of social institutions. This is managed by describing the relationships that produce the social institution of the women's refuge and the way these facilitate the transformation of a population in transition. This study concludes by discussing the significance of these findings in relation to theories and policies about the refuge, and the benefit of future research of this kind in the investigation of social organisations intent on producing transformation.

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Biakouye, Kodjo Awussu. "Lomé au-delà de Lomé : étalement urbain et territoires dans une capitale d'Afrique sud-saharienne." Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100138.

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Depuis plus de trois décennies, l’urbanisation de l’Afrique en général et de l’Afrique noire en particulier, s’est fortement accélérée. L’explosion démographique dans les villes dont Lomé la capitale togolaise, a considérablement accru les surfaces urbaines entraînant du coup, des conséquences tant sur les conditions de vie des citadins que sur l’organisation et la gestion de l’espace urbain dans son ensemble. En effet, si la métropolisation en cours dans plusieurs pays d’Afrique sud-saharienne est à l’origine de nombreuses et rapides mutations, il faut dire qu’elle pose aussi et de plus en plus, un réel problème de prise en charge efficiente des espaces métropolitains qui au demeurant, sont devenus plus variés en raison d’un étalement territorial non maîtrisé dans la plupart des cas. Ainsi, plus d’un demi-siècle après les indépendances, presque toutes les grandes métropoles présentent encore des paysages urbains très contrastés. Comment et dans quelles conditions se réalise le processus d’extension de Lomé? Quelles sont les mutations qui en découlent, particulièrement dans ses périphéries. Quels sont les mécanismes de gestion et gouvernance de la ville et leurs impacts aussi bien sur le territoire métropolitain que sur la vie des populations? Ce sont les principales questions traitées dans cette thèse. À travers une approche à la fois typologique et territoriale, la thèse aborde ainsi la problématique de l’étalement urbain et analyse plus précisément les formes et les contenus des extensions périphériques ainsi que les diverses dynamiques notamment gestionnaires qui en découlent en Afrique de l’ouest à travers le cas Lomé au Togo. Aussi, au terme des observations et analyses, il ressort que le territoire métropolitain de Lomé constitué sur plus d’un siècle sous l’effet conjugué d’un faisceau de facteurs de tous ordres, est d’une part fragmenté tant dans sa structure, que dans son administration, et d’autre part, différencié et contrasté dans sa gestion; sa gouvernance apparait aujourd’hui comme le défi le plus important auquel restent confrontées les premières autorités de l’agglomération et du pays
For over three decades, urbanization in Africa in general and in Sub Saharan Africa in particular, has been strongly accelerated. The population explosion in cities like the Togolese capital Lomé has considerably increased the urban areas causing at the same time, impact on both the life of city dwellers and on the organization and the management of urban space as a whole. Indeed, if the metropolization that is underway in several countries in Sub-Saharan Africa is the source of numerous and rapid changes, it more and more raises also actual problem of taking over or charge of metropolitan areas which incidentally have become more varied because of in most cases, uncontrolled territorial spreading. Thus, more than half a century after independence, almost all major cities still having very contrasting urban landscapes. How and under what conditions the extension process of Lomé is going on? What are the resulting changes, particularly in its outskirts? What are the mechanisms for management and governance of the city and its impact on both the space and on people's life? These are the main questions on which the thesis has focused. Therefore through an approach that is both typological and territorial, the thesis discusses in general, the problem of urban sprawl and specifically analyzes the forms and content of the peripheral extensions and various dynamics that are arising including administrative one in West Africa through Lomé’s case, in Togo.So, in the term of the observations and analyses, it appears that the metropolitan territory of Lomé established over more than a century under the combined effect of a beam of factors of all kinds, is on one hand under fragmentation as much in its structure, as in its administration, and on the other hand, differentiated and contrasted in its management; its governance appears today as the most important challenge in which remain confronted the authorities of the metropolis and those of the country

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Bernard, Françoise. "Un système d’information collaboratif en appui à la gouvernance des territoires d’action agro-environnementale à enjeu eau-pesticides." Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IAVF0022.

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La pollution diffuse par les pesticides est en enjeu majeur pour un bon état des hydrosystèmes et en raison de leurs impacts sur la santé humaine. Depuis des années, les politiques publiques tentent de limiter leur usage et leur impact sur l’environnement. Pourtant, les tonnages de pesticides utilisés par l’agriculture stagnent ou même augmentent, et les flux mesurés dans les cours d’eau ne diminuent pas. Face à ce constat d’échec, les politiques publiques, en quête d’une plus grande efficacité, se territorialisent et se veulent plus participatives. Les réseaux territoriaux d’acteurs institutionnels, en charge de la mise en œuvre des actions agroenvironnementales sur le terrain, sont en quête d’outils d’aide à la décision afin de pouvoir évaluer l’impact potentiel des mesures agro-environnementales et de les localiser de manière la plus efficace et la moins coûteuse possible. L’objectif de la thèse est de répondre à cette demande en proposant un système d’information, collaboratif et multi-échelles. Une première contribution de la thèse est un modèle pour la conception et la mise en œuvre opérationnelle d’un Système d’Information en appui à la Gouvernance des Programmes d’Action (SIGPA). Le modèle SIGPA décrit l’ensemble de la démarche d’appui à la gouvernance des programmes d’action pesticides. Ce modèle est générique et applicable à différents contextes. La deuxième contribution est une méthode de modélisation des échanges d’information au sein du réseau d’acteurs institutionnels, réseau qui s’est constitué autour d’un programme d’action « Captage Grenelle » dans le bassin de la Charente. Le modèle conceptuel « acteurs » modélise, d’une part, les échanges entre acteurs et, d’autre part, la production par ces mêmes acteurs de l’information mobilisée dans le réseau. Une troisième contribution est un modèle « scénarios » qui organise l’information pour la prise de décision sur les actions agro-environnementales à mettre en place dans le territoire. La méthode développée pour qualifier les systèmes et les pratiques agricoles et évaluer par différents indicateurs les scénarios agricoles, co-construits avec les acteurs, constitue une quatrième contribution. La cinquième contribution est l’entrepôt de données spatial et les cubes multidimensionnels construits à partir des besoins des acteurs pour restituer les indicateurs mobilisés en accompagnement du programme d’action à différents niveaux de granularité spatiale (îlot du RPG, sous-bassin, zone prioritaire...). Les modèles conceptuels et le système d’information proposés sont des outils de communication et d’échange au sein du réseau d’acteurs. Ces outils permettent de faire émerger, de manière interactive, les solutions les plus efficaces et les moins coûteuses pour limiter la pollution diffuse par les pesticides. Plusieurs prototypes d’entrepôt ont été implémentés à partir des données du BAC Coulonge. L’intérêt et la qualité des restitutions ont été discutés avec les acteurs. En permettant la capitalisation des données et des connaissances acquises par les réseaux d’acteurs au fil des programmes d’action, la démarche mise en œuvre s’inscrit est conforme au modèle OSAGE préconisé par Loireau et al (2017), modèle qui décrit le processus de conception d’un observatoire agro-environnemental, multifonctionnel
Diffuse pollution generated by pesticides is a major problem both for aquatic ecosystems and human health. Despite years of efforts by policy-makers to limit their use and impact, the volumes of chemicals used by farmers have remained the same, and even increased in some areas, with no reduction in their presence in water. To address this situation, public policy is aiming to become more effective by using more localised, participative solutions. Local stakeholders in charge of action plans are looking for decision tools to help them assess the potential impact of agro-environmental measures, as well as applying them to the best areas. The aim of this thesis is to develop a tool suitable for this purpose, namely a multi-scale collaborative information system. The first main contribution made by this thesis is the creation of "SIGPA" (Information System for Action Plan Governance), which models assisted governance in pesticide action programs in various contexts. The second contribution is a method for modelling exchanges of information within a network of institutional stakeholders, based on a "Grenelle" action plan in the Charente river basin. The "Stakeholder" model represents exchanges between stakeholders, as well as the production of the information available within their networks. The third contribution is the "Scenario" model, which organises information in order to aid decision making based on possible developments in agriculture in the area studied. The fourth contribution is the design of a method by which to identify agricultural systems and practices and assess future developments in agriculture. The fifth and final contribution of this thesis is the creation of a spatial data warehouse and the use of a number of multidimensional cubes to represent stakeholders’ needs at various scales. The conceptual models presented provide an interactive way to discuss the most effective and least expensive ways of limiting pesticide pollution within the stakeholder network. A prototype of the spatial data warehouse has been implemented using field data collected within the BAC Coulonge action plan and the outputs discussed with stakeholders. By allowing for data and knowledge from stakeholder networks in multiple action plans to be pooled, the SIGPA approach is in keeping with the OSAGE model (Loireau et al, 2017), which provides the making process of an agro-environmental and multifunctional observatory

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Ouedraogo, Issiaka. "Inégalités spatiales d'éducation post-primaire et secondaire à Ouagadougou : enjeux de gouvernance et d'aménagement du territoire." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC011/document.

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A l’indépendance de la Haute-Volta en 1960, la ville de Ouagadougou comptait au total 10 établissements secondaires dont 3 publics, 5 privés catholiques, 1 privé protestant et 1 privé laïc. Cette offre a considérablement augmenté depuis lors, de sorte qu’en 2013-2014, la ville compte plus de 390 établissements. Elle se caractérise surtout par une plus grande diversité des acteurs et une forte primauté des établissements privés laïcs. Par ailleurs, il apparaît qu’en dépit de cette croissance fulgurante de l’offre scolaire; en lien avec la croissance démographique, l’accès à l’éducation reste problématique pour une part importante de la population. Plusieurs facteurs expliquent cette situation et pourraient être examinés sur différents registres dont les politiques publiques et les stratégies mises en œuvre par les acteurs et les populations. Pour comprendre cette situation et voir comment elle se traduit sur le territoire de la ville, la présente thèse a opté d’interroger les pratiques des acteurs, ou plus globalement la gouvernance.Le processus d’urbanisation de la ville apparaît comme une porte d’entrée pertinente pour poser la question. En effet, l’urbanisation à Ouagadougou se caractérise aussi bien par une forte croissance démographique que par une importante extension spatiale. Dans un contexte de faible niveau d’investissement public dans le domaine de l’enseignement post-primaire et secondaire, cette situation a pour conséquence, une incapacité de l’offre scolaire publique à satisfaire la forte demande qui en résulte. Face à une demande scolaire de plus en plus importante, apparue avec le processus d’urbanisation en cours, mais aussi du fait des investissements pour le développement de l’enseignement primaire depuis les années 1990, on observe un développement du secteur privé (laïc, franco-arabe, catholique, protestant, associatif, etc.). Il regroupait pendant l’année scolaire 2014-2015, environ 91,6% des établissements de la capitale. Ce développement du privé engendre une diversité des acteurs avec une pluralité des modalités de prestation du service éducatif. Leurs interventions permettent d’améliorer une offre scolaire publique défaillante à travers un accroissement du nombre d’école. Cependant, elles comportent de nombreuses insuffisances en termes de respect des normes officielles liées à la carte scolaire et à la qualité de l’éducation.Dans ce contexte, les élèves et leurs familles développent plusieurs stratégies aussi bien dans le choix des écoles que dans la fréquentation scolaire. Ces mécanismes d’offre et de demande scolaire se traduisent sur le territoire de la ville et permettent ainsi de faire une géographie sociale urbaine au prisme de l’éducation. L’objectif de cette thèse est de décrire les inégalités spatiales d’éducation post-primaire et secondaire à Ouagadougou, de mesurer leurs intensités puis de les expliquer à travers les questions de gouvernance et d’aménagement du territoire. Les analyses portent sur les effets de la répartition spatiale de l’offre scolaire sur les pratiques de choix des écoles par les élèves et leurs familles. Pour y parvenir, nous avons procédé par une analyse mixte, recourant aux démarches qualitative et quantitative. Après avoir géo-référencé et cartographié l’ensemble des établissements de la ville, des entretiens qualitatifs, réalisés auprès d’acteurs de l’éducation, ont permis de comprendre les modalités d’intervention des différents acteurs. On a ainsi mieux cerné la transcription spatiale des mécanismes de gouvernance et d’aménagement du territoire dans le domaine de l’éducation post-primaire et secondaire à Ouagadougou
At the independence of Upper Volta in 1960, the city of Ouagadougou had a total of 10 secondary schools, including 3 public, 5 private Catholic, 1 private Protestant, and 1 private secular. This offer got a sounding increase since then. So, in 2013-2014, the city had more than 390 establishments. It is characterized above all by a greater diversity of actors and a strong primacy of private secular institutions. Moreover, it appears that despite this meteoric growth in school supply related to population growth, access to education remains a problem for a large part of the population. Several factors justify this situation and could be examined in many ways, including public policies and strategies implemented by actors and populations. To understand this situation and see how it is reflected on the territory of the city, this thesis has choosed to question the practices of actors, or governance, in a general way.The process of urbanization of the city appears as a relevant gateway to ask the question. Indeed, urbanization in Ouagadougou is characterized by both high population growth and significant spatial expansion. In a context of low level of public investment in the field of post-primary and secondary education, this situation results in an inability of the public school supply to meet the high demand that results. With a growing demand for education, which has emerged with the current urbanization process, and also because of investments for the development of primary education since the 1990s, the private sector (secular, Franco-Arab, Catholic, Protestant, associative, etc.) got developed. In the school year 2014-2015, it accounted for approximately 91.6% of establishments in the capital. This development of the private sector diversifies the actors implying a plurality of the modes of provision of educational service. Their interventions help to improve a failing public school offer through an increase of schools. However, there are many shortcomings related to school mapping and the quality of education, in terms of respect for official standards.This is why students and families develop several strategies both in school choice and in school attendance. These mechanisms of supply and school demand are reflected on the territory of the city. They thus make it possible to make an urban social geography to the prism of education. The aim of this thesis is to describe the spatial inequalities of post-primary and secondary education in Ouagadougou, and measure their intensities, and then explain them through the issues of governance and regional planning. The analyzes focus on the effects of the spatial distribution of school supply on the choice of schools by students and their families. To achieve this, we proceeded by a mixed analysis which resorts to qualitative and quantitative approaches. After having geo-referenced and mapped all the establishments of the city, qualitative interviews, carried out with actors of the education, made it possible to understand the modes of intervention of the various actors. The spatial transcription of governance and regional planning mechanisms in the field of post-primary and secondary education in Ouagadougou has thus been better understood

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Couture, Aurélie. "Fabrication de la ville et participation publique : l'émergence d'une culture métropolitaine : le cas de la Communauté urbaine de Bordeaux." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR22100/document.

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A partir des années 2000, la participation publique fait en France l’objet d’une attention grandissante, tant dans les sphères sociale et politique que dans le monde de la recherche. La fabrication de la ville en est le terreau privilégié, support de revendications et d'initiatives citoyennes d’un côté, de procédures et d'expériences institutionnelles de l’autre. Vectrice de régulation sociale, de développement durable et de vitalité de la démocratie, l'implication du public aux projets et décisions gagne en ampleur dans un contexte marqué par la complexification du fait urbain et de ses modalités de gouvernance. Promue par les intercommunalités, elle répondrait à un double enjeu de légitimation politique et de modernisation des modes de faire dans une visée métropolitaine. Le cas de la Communauté urbaine de Bordeaux illustre particulièrement bien cela.Par le déploiement d'exercices participatifs novateurs touchant à des politiques et à des stratégies d'agglomération, elle chercherait à s'affirmer comme chef de file de la gouvernance métropolitaine autant qu'à impliquer directement les habitants et usagers du territoire dans le cadre d'une « citadinité » renouvelée. Cette ambition se traduit dans les orientations politiques récentes, qui transforment le positionnement stratégique, l'organisation et les pratiques de la Communauté urbaine de Bordeaux. S'ensuit une montée en compétence des acteurs – techniciens, membres du Conseil de développement durable, élus – témoin de la professionnalisation des activités de participation. Ce double mouvement, institutionnel et professionnel, laisse présager d'une évolution profonde et durable de l'action communautaire dans une logique plus transversale et collaborative. Cette analyse est le fruit d'une recherche menée au sein de l'institution par le biais d'un dispositif CIFRE. Elle repose sur une méthode d'observation participante, couplée à des entretiens thématiques et à l'examen d'un corpus de processus participatifs récents
From the 2000s , public participation in France is the subject of increasing attention in both the social and political spheres in the world of research. The privileged context is the production process of cities as it supports citizens claims and initiatives on the one hand , procedures and institutional experiences on the other hand. Vector of social regulation, sustainable development and vitality of democracy, public involvement in projects and urban decisions gains momentum in a context marked by the complexity of the urban reality and its governance. Promoted by intermunicipalities it meets a dual challenge of political legitimacy and modernization of metropolitan operating methods. The case of the Urban Community of Bordeaux illustrates this particularly well. Through the deployment of innovative participatory exercises related to agglomeration policies and strategies, it seeks to assert itself as a leading method in metropolitan governance as well as to directly involve residents and users of the territory in a context of renewed "citizenship". This ambition is reflected in recent policy orientations, which transform the strategic positioning of the organization and practices of the Urban Community of Bordeaux. What followed is an increase in the technical skills of the stakeholders - technicians, members of the Sustainable Development Council, elected bodies- witness of the professionalization of participation. This double movement, institutional and professional, suggests a profound and lasting change in community action as a part of a more collaborative and cross logic. This analysis is the result of a research conducted within the institution within the framework of a CIFRE contract. It is based on the method of participant observation together with thematic interviews and the analysis of a body of recent participatory processes

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Verdol, Maïté. "Planification stratégique et gouvernance dans les villes portuaires : une analyse néo-institutionnelle du Havre, d’Anvers et de Rotterdam." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040029.

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L’actuelle reconfiguration de l’activité maritime et portuaire s’accompagne de mutations majeures qui appellent à un renouvellement de la gouvernance des villes portuaires. Trois des principales villes portuaires de la Rangée Nord-Ouest Européenne – à savoir Anvers, Le Havre et Rotterdam – expérimentent la diffusion du paradigme stratégique et la diversité de projets induits.Pour répondre aux enjeux théoriques et opérationnels issus d’un tel contexte, cette thèse est structurée autour de quatre volets – dont l’analyse de l’impact des instruments de planification stratégique sur les processus d’aménagement dans les villes portuaires. L’élaboration d’une méthodologie pertinente pour appréhender la complexité des enjeux d’aménagement des villes portuaires et le nouveau contexte de production des politiques d’aménagement constitue le deuxième volet. L’étude du lien entre planification stratégique et cohérence territoriale en est le troisième. Par ailleurs, il s’agit d’étudier la possibilité de modéliser les différents types de planification stratégique. Cette recherche est conduite selon une méthodologie pluridisciplinaire et une analyse systémique.Outre la méthode d’analyse des démarches stratégiques et de la complexité des villes portuaires, les travaux menés permettent, d’une part, de mieux appréhender la redéfinition actuelle des processus d’aménagement et, d’autre part, d’évaluer l’intégration de la cohérence territoriale dans les politiques d’aménagement des villes portuaires.Enfin, la formalisation théorique des projets stratégiques débouche sur une typologie originale des 3 modèles de planification stratégique mis en évidence à Anvers, au Havre et à Rotterdam
Port and maritime activity are currently undergoing an important reorganisation. This phenomenon goes hand in hand with prominent evolutions triggering a renewal of port cities governance. Among the Northern Range, three major cities – namely Antwerp, Le Havre and Rotterdam – have been experiencing the spreading of the strategic paradigm followed by a diversity of strategic projects. In order to answer the theoretical and operational issues induced by this renewed context, the research is structured around four axes among which the analysis of strategic planning instruments and its impact on spatial planning processes in port cities. Conceiving a methodology that allows explaining the complexity of port cities constitutes an important challenge. As such, it is the second axis explored. The link between strategic planning and territorial coherence forms the third axis. Finally, the opportunity of modelling strategic planning of port cities is the fourth axis. The research follows a cross-disciplinary approach coupled with a systemic analysis. On top of providing a specific methodology to analyse strategic planning and port cities complexity, the doctoral study contributes to a better understanding of spatial planning processes and their current redefinition. It also produces an evaluation of the way territorial coherence is integrated to spatial planning policies in port cities. Last but not least, the research presents a theoretical formalisation of strategic processes leading to an original typology of the three strategic planning models identified in Antwerp, Le Havre and Rotterdam

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Fearon, Kyle. "Formal Institutions in Irish Planning: Europeanization Before and after the Celtic Tiger." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för fysisk planering, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-13024.

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Many economies throughout the world were devastated by the global financial crisis of 2007-2008. Ireland in particular experienced a severe collapse in its housing market. Despite the progression of European-influenced planning policy that was meant to promote balanced regional development in Ireland, the country's housing market vastly overbuilt, exacerbating a housing market crash that ended the Celtic Tiger era. Drawing on Europeanization and historical institutionalism as theoretical frameworks, this thesis argues that the link between these EU-influenced policy principles and local Irish planning practice was weak during an important phase of Ireland's economic growth. This conclusion is demonstrated through the analysis of a case study, McEvoy and Smith v. Meath County Council. The findings show that while Ireland's national government created an ambitious National Spatial Strategy modeled on EU principles, non-binding Regional Planning Guidelines allowed local authorities to continue granting zoning changes and permissions. These decisions were therefore uninhibited by the constraints of population projections, consideration for infrastructure provision, and overall good planning practice. This research calls into question the effectiveness of transferring policy principles from the EU to Member States. It suggests more generally that to implement policy and law successfully, policy makers must appreciate the societal and economic context in which these rules will operate.

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Nguedam, Ntouko Clarisse. "Gouvernance et institutions dans les décisions d'investissement privé dans les pays en développement." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CLF10383.

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Cette thèse analyse l’impact des facteurs institutionnels et de la gouvernance sur l’investissement privé dans les pays en développement. La problématique de la « bonne gouvernance » et de l’amélioration de la qualité institutionnelle notamment dans les pays en développement sont au coeur des préoccupations de la communauté internationale. Pour autant, il n’existe pas un cadre institutionnel et un système de gouvernance unique et optimal qui s’imposeraient de manière exogène à tous les pays, car les facteurs culturels, historiques et anthropologiques modèlent la qualité des institutions et le mode de gouvernance. En effet, si les pays peuvent avoir un objectif commun, celui d’un cadre institutionnel permettant notamment de garantir la viabilité et la crédibilité du climat d’investissement, ils démarrent tous de points différents, marqués par des caractéristiques propres.Ces facteurs nous emmènent à privilégier une approche relativiste et non normative de la qualité des institutions et de la gouvernance. Cependant,tous les cadres institutionnels ne se valent pas. Certaines configurations institutionnelles accroissent l’incertitude et l’irréversibilité de l’investissement. Nos analyses placent le déficit de gouvernance et la faiblesse des institutions au cœur de la problématique de l’incertitude et de l’irréversibilité de l’investissement dans les pays en développement. Nous adoptons dans cette thèse une démarche plurielle consistant en une analyse macroéconométrique qui permet d’apprécier le comportement de l’investissement au niveau agrégé, et une analyse microéconométrique qui a l’intérêt de prendre en compte l’hétérogénéité des comportements d’investissement des entreprises. Un accent particulier est porté à l’Afrique subsaharienne qui est la région ayant le plus faible taux d’investissement
This thesis analyzes the impact of governance and institutions on private investment in developing countries. "Good governance" and institutional quality especially in developing countries are of great concern to the international community. However, there is no unique and optimal institutional framework and governance system which can be set up in all countries independently to their cultural, historical and anthropological characteristics. Indeed, if all countries can share a common objective which consists of an institutional framework, able to ensure the sustainability and credibility of the investment climate, they will all start from different points with specific characteristics. These factors lead us to favor a non normative approach of the quality of institutions and governance. However, some institutional framework increases uncertainty and irreversibility ofinvestment. In this thesis, we consider weak institutions and poor governance as the main sources of uncertainty and irreversibility of investment indeveloping countries. We use a macroeconometric approach which analyses the investment behavior at the aggregate level, and a microeconometric approach which takes into account the heterogeneity of the investment behavior of firms. An emphasis is put on sub-Saharan African countries that have the lowest private investment rate

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Le, Thi My Binh. "Tourisme et développement durable sur le littoral et les îles de la baie de Nha Trang (Vietnam)." Thesis, La Réunion, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LARE0030/document.

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Le tourisme durable, et les principes qui lui sont généralement associés, devient une préoccupation majeure non seulement au niveau mondial et national mais aussi local comme le montre le cas de Nha Trang, une destination balnéaire centenaire au Vietnam. Considéré comme un des centres touristiques majeurs du pays, Nha Trang connaît aujourd'hui des problèmes de durabilité touristique, en particulier d'un point de vue socioculturel : exode des îliens, manque de personnel compétent dans le tourisme, implication insuffisante des acteurs privés dans les politiques de développement touristique à Nha Trang, surexploitation de la baie de Nha Trang et diminution du nombre de touristes internationaux. Face à ces constatations, la question capitale pour nous est celle-ci : Peut-on considérer le développement touristique actuel à Nha Trang comme durable sous l'angle d'indicateurs socioculturels ? Autrement dit, est-ce qu'il permet de satisfaire les touristes, de préserver les ressources touristiques locales, de faire bénéficier du tourisme l'ensemble de la population locale et de faire participer tous les acteurs au processus de décision. L'objectif de ce travail est double. Il s'agit tout d'abord d'analyser le tourisme à Nha Trang sous l'angle d'indicateurs socioculturels. À l'issue de ce bilan, des propositions sont soumises afin de concilier deux dynamiques à priori contradictoires : le développement touristique d'une part, et la préservation du patrimoine culturel local, d'autre part. Afin de mener à bien ce travail, 901 questionnaires ont été menés auprès de résidents et de touristes à Nha Trang ainsi que 15 entrevues semi-dirigées auprès des autorités locales. Les résultats de ces enquêtes ont été complétés par une recherche ayant permis de contacter 137 entreprises touristiques à Nha Trang. Fort de ce travail, les résultats obtenus montrent d'abord que certains principes associés au tourisme durable d'un point de vue socioculturel ne sont pas suffisamment respectés à Nha Trang. Parmi eux, la préservation des ressources touristiques et culturelles est particulièrement préoccupante pour l'avenir. La stabilité des offres d'emplois et la répartition équitable des bénéfices issus de l'activité touristique constituent également un motif d'inquiétude, au même titre que le degré de participation des acteurs privés aux politiques touristiques. Enfin, malgré une relative satisfaction de touristes concernant le personnel travaillant dans le tourisme et la qualité de services offerte, le secteur touristique nécessite davantage de formations. Afin de rendre le tourisme de Nha Trang plus durable d'un point de vue socioculturel, notre proposition prioritaire réside en la mise en œuvre d'un plan d'aménagement touristique de Nha Trang, en équilibrant entre la terre et la mer, qui permettrait de diversifier les pratiques touristiques, de mettre en tourisme les ressources touristiques en arrière-pays, de faire participer davantage les résidents aux projets touristiques. Cette mise en œuvre est accompagnée par une gouvernance réellement opérationnelle entre résidents, acteurs privés et acteurs publics impliqués dans la sphère touristique. Cette solution viserait à accroître la participation des acteurs privés et à promulguer des politiques touristiques conciliant réellement développement touristique et préservation des ressources
Sustainable tourism, and the principles with which it is generally associated, has become a major concern not only at global and national but also at local levels as in the case of Nha Trang, an age-old sea-swimming destination in Vietnam. Regarded as one of the leading tourist centers of the country, Nha Trang is now facing with problems of tourism sustainability, particularly from a socio-cultural viewpoint: the exodus of islanders, the shortage of competent personnel in tourism, insufficient involvement of private sectors in the policies for tourism development in Nha Trang, overexploitation of Nha Trang Bay and the decrease in the amount of international tourists. With this awareness, the main question for us would be: Can we consider the actual tourism development in Nha Trang as sustainable from a viewpoint of socio-cultural indicators? In other words, is it possible to satisfy tourists, preserve local tourist resources, help the local community benefit from tourism and get all the factors to participate in the decision-making process? This research presents a double objective. First of all, it is important to analyze tourism in from a point of view based on socio-cultural indicators. At the conclusion of this research, proposals are forwarded so as to compromise two apparently contradictory dynamics: tourism development on the one hand and the preservation of local cultural heritage on the other. With an aim at performing this task well, 901 questionnaires have been handed out to the residents and tourists in Nha Trang, as well as 15 interviews that have been carried out with local authorities. The results of these surveys have been obtained through a research allowed to contact 137 tourist enterprises in Nha Trang. Thanks to this, the results obtained show in the first place that some principles associated to sustainable tourism from a socio-cultural viewpoint are not sufficiently observed in Nha Trang. Among these, the preservation of tourist and cultural resources particularly present lots of concern for the future. All the same, recruitment stability and equitable distribution of benefits arising from tourist operations constitute a basis for worries, similarly to the degree of participation of private sectors in tourism policies. In sum, despite tourists' relative satisfaction concerning the staff now working in tourism and the quality of services offered, the tourism sector demands further training. In order to make Nha Trang's tourism more sustainable from a socio-cultural viewpoint, our prerequisite proposal is to put into operation a plan of renovating Nha Trang’s tourism, by bringing about a well-balanced relationship between the land and the sea, which will hopefully pave the way for diversifying tourist practices, making advantage of inland tourist resources in tourism, assisting the residents to participate further in tourism projects. This performance is accompanied with an operational governance among residents, private factors and public figures involved in the tourism sphere. This solution would aim at increasing the participation of the private sector and promulgating tourism policies, virtually compromising tourism development and preservation of resources

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Le, Berre Sylvain. "L'investissement politique du futur : un mode de légitimation et de gouvernement : une comparaison Bretagne, Pays de Galles, Québec." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1G018/document.

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Le recours croissant à des anticipations stratégiques territorialisées, participatives et mobilisatrices comme étapes du processus d’élaboration des politiques publiques territoriales, par le Conseil régional de Bretagne, le Gouvernement du Pays-de-Galles et le Gouvernement du Québec, peut être analysé comme un investissement, par ces pouvoirs territoriaux « intermédiaires », d'un champ jusqu'alors réservé à l’État central et aux élus nationaux : la promesse du futur. Dans un contexte de remise en question du modèle de l’État-Providence centralisé, accentué par la crise économique et la crise de la dette de la fin des années 2000, la capacité et la légitimité politique des États centraux à garantir la prospérité territoriale et l'espoir d'un futur meilleur se sont étiolées. Les administrations régionales – au sens large – investissent donc cet espace désormais disponible pour mettre en avant une vision infranationale du futur et du territoire, tant auprès de la population que des partenaires de l'action publique. Les démarches d’anticipation stratégique étudiées produisent et reproduisent des discours sur la vision du futur et du territoire, sur le sens de l’action publique et des institutions régionales. Ces registres participent tous d’un investissement de l’avenir par le pouvoir politique, c’est-à-dire d’une économie politique du temps. L’approche par l’investissement politique du futur permet donc d’étudier la fabrique et le gouvernement d’un territoire politique. Les récits projectifs territorialisés que nous avons pu étudier articulent en effet plusieurs dimensions de la légitimation d’un espace politique : un processus de circonscription du territoire (territory making process), un processus de mobilisation d’une communauté territoriale (community making process), et un processus de redéfinition de la dynamique et de l’espace de la légitimité (polity defining process). Cette perspective de recherche permet d’étudier plusieurs dimensions du changement : la transformation interne des espaces politiques nationaux, la convergence internationale de l’action publique infranationale, et enfin la redistribution de l’autorité politique dans des États Nations en recomposition
The increasing use of spatialized, collaborative and mobilizing strategic anticipations as steps of the public policy process by the Regional Council of Brittany, the Welsh Government and the Government of Quebec can be seen as an investment, by these "intermediate" territorial powers, of a field hitherto monopolized by central States and national representatives: the promise of the future. In a context of reconfiguration of centralized Welfare State’s model, accentuated by the economic crisis and the debt crisis of the late 2000s, the central states' capacity and political legitimacy to guarantee territorial prosperity and the hope for a better future has subsided. Regional administrations - in a broad sense - are therefore investing this space now available to put forward a sub-national vision of the future and of the territory, both among the population and the partners of the public action. The strategic anticipation processes studied produce and reproduce discourses on the vision of the future and territory, on the meaning of public action and regional institutions. These narratives are all caracterized by a political investment of the future, that is to say, a political economy of time. The approach by the notion of political investment of the future therefore helps to achieve a better understanding of the making-process and governing-process of a political space. Spatialized projective narratives that we have been able to study articulate several dimensions of the legitimization process: a territory-making process, a community-making process, and a polity defining process. This research perspective helps to study several dimensions of change: the internal transformation of national political spaces, the international convergence of subnational public action, and finally the redistribution of political authority in changing Nation-States

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Dakouo, Alain Bessiba. "La problématique de l'information territoriale et ses enjeux majeurs dans les pays du Sud : stratégie, méthodologie et projet pilote dans un pays en développement, le Mali." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC007/document.

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En Afrique, la décentralisation s'effectue dans des contextes variables selon les pays: la nécessité de réformer l'Etat suite à une crise, la volonté d'instaurer une démocratie locale pour compenser le pouvoir central voire dictatorial, parfois même l'incapacité de l'Etat à fournir les services socioéconomiques de base comme la santé, l'éducation, l'eau potable etc.En Afrique de l'Ouest, la décentralisation s’est souvent accompagnée d’un redécoupage des territoires dans les années 1990. La plupart des pays d’Afrique de l'Ouest ont créé trois niveaux de collectivités territoriales: la Région, le Département (Cercle au Mali) et la Commune. Ceci entraîne un besoin de gestion et d’aménagement du territoire à plusieurs échelles (état des lieux, suivi de l’emprise spatiale de l’aménagement, assainissement, gestion des ressources naturelles, développement économique rural, santé, éducation, hydraulique, gestion des risques etc.). Dans le cadre d’un besoin d’informations croissant, les partenaires au développement reconnaissent l’utilité du Système d'Information Géographique (SIG), comme outil d'aide à la décision. La création de différents ministères en lien avec l’information géographique au Mali, nécessite la mise en commun de compétences s’articulant autour de la géomatique. En effet, si chaque Institution et ministère sectoriel dispose de données thématiques propres, leur valorisation se heurte à une forte dispersion et disparité des données géographiques et cartographiques.Comment mutualiser un même système géospatial et territorial entre une mairie, une collectivité territoriale, une ONG, l’Etat ainsi que d’autres partenaires travaillant sur une même emprise territoriale ? Quelle stratégie d’information territoriale pour un pays comme le Mali ?L’objectif de ce travail de thèse est de mettre en place, selon les concepts, méthodes, et technologies de la géographie actuelle et de la statistique, un outil d’aide à la décision dans un contexte de mutualisation et de décentralisation, conçu pour faire franchir un pas décisif au bénéfice de l'aménagement territorial local, par une mise en cohérence et une mise à disposition des données géolocalisées nécessaires à une politique efficace d'aménagement du territoire. Cette perspective à caractère stratégique implique de remonter jusqu'aux aspects de la répartition des pouvoirs, les rapports entre les logiciels libres et payants, l’information participative (aspects sociétal, social, contexte ethnique...) et le développement de l’information géographique au Mali. Une stratégie d’information est en fait un préalable indispensable de toute stratégie d’aménagement et de développement. Le projet de thèse se veut un projet innovant cherchant à fournir des réponses sur la mise en place d’une telle politique de gestion multi-sources et multi-acteurs de l’information spatiale dans un pays en développement
In Africa, decentralization takes place in contexts that vary from country to country: the need to reform the Government following a crisis, the desire to establish local democracy to compensate for central or even dictatorial power, sometimes even the Government 's inability to provide basic socio-economic services such as health, education, drinking water, etc.In West Africa, decentralization was often accompanied by a redrawing of territories in the 1990s. Most West African countries have created three levels of local authorities: the Region, the Department (Cercle in Mali) and the Commune. This leads to a need for territory management and planning on several scales (inventory, monitoring of the environmental impact of development, sanitation, natural resource management, rural economic development, health, education, hydraulics and risk management). In the context of a growing need for information, development partners recognize the usefulness of the Geographic Information System (GIS) as a tool for decision making. The creation of different ministries in connection with geographic information in Mali requires pooling of skills centered on geomatics. Indeed, while each Institution and sectoral ministry has its own thematic data, their valuation is hampered by a high dispersion and disparity of geographical and cartographic data.How to share a common geospatial and territorial system across a town hall, a local authority, an NGO, the Government as well as other partners working on the same territorial? What territorial information strategy for a country like Mali?The aim of this thesis is to create, according to the concepts, methods, and technologies of current geography and statistics, a tool to support decision making in a context of overlapping responsibilities/actions and decentralization, designed to take a decisive step forward for the benefit of local territorial planning, by making coherent and available the geolocalized data necessary for an effective spatial planning policy. This strategic perspective implies going back to the distribution of powers, the ratio between free and paid software, participative information (societal, social, ethnic aspects, etc.) and the development of geographical information in Mali.An information strategy is in fact an essential prerequisite for any planning and development strategy. This thesis is an innovative project that will aim to provide answers on the implementation of such a strategy of multi-source and multi-stakeholder spatial information management in a developing country

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Amawatana, Chonchinee. "Environmental performance indicators for the lower Mekong subregion development." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2008. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16684/1/Chonchinee_Amawatana_Thesis.pdf.

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The application of environmental performance indicators (EPIs) has received increasing attention by both governments and international organisations as a tool for assessing complex environmental scenarios in national and local decision making processes. However, at the regional scale there is a gap in the application of EPIs, as this has not been well understood and defined due to a limited theoretical foundation and often insufficient data from all participant countries. The regional scale is important because it can incorporate natural ecosystems which often transcend national boundaries. A case study is developed for the Lower Mekong Subregion (LMS), where four riparian Southeast Asian countries (Lao PDR, Thailand, Cambodia, and Viet Nam) share the Lower Mekong River. The research proposes a conceptual framework to identify approaches for developing criteria for acceptable and appropriate EPIs which can be used to support and implement decision making processes by relevant organisations at the regional level. This research evaluates the application of environmental performance indicators using methodologies that assess cross-national quantitative and qualitative data and existing decision support systems. In addition, global and national indicators are examined for application and relation to the regional context. The research finds that the application of EPIs varies according to spatial scale, and is diverse among the four countries. Data availability is also identified as a major problem encountered during the development and selection of EPIs. The study finds that the governance of the existing regional body is ineffective due to differing agendas pursued by each participating country. This is because the current regional body is structured only to facilitate information exchange and cooperation in a limited manner, focusing so far only on water management issues. LMS regional goals need to be set in order to guide the stakeholders in identifying an appropriate set of EPIs. Most importantly, the research is intended to be a catalyst for encouraging the participants to integrate methods and other species of EPIs proposed in this research in their environmental assessment policies.

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Amawatana, Chonchinee. "Environmental performance indicators for the lower Mekong subregion development." Queensland University of Technology, 2008. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16684/.

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The application of environmental performance indicators (EPIs) has received increasing attention by both governments and international organisations as a tool for assessing complex environmental scenarios in national and local decision making processes. However, at the regional scale there is a gap in the application of EPIs, as this has not been well understood and defined due to a limited theoretical foundation and often insufficient data from all participant countries. The regional scale is important because it can incorporate natural ecosystems which often transcend national boundaries. A case study is developed for the Lower Mekong Subregion (LMS), where four riparian Southeast Asian countries (Lao PDR, Thailand, Cambodia, and Viet Nam) share the Lower Mekong River. The research proposes a conceptual framework to identify approaches for developing criteria for acceptable and appropriate EPIs which can be used to support and implement decision making processes by relevant organisations at the regional level. This research evaluates the application of environmental performance indicators using methodologies that assess cross-national quantitative and qualitative data and existing decision support systems. In addition, global and national indicators are examined for application and relation to the regional context. The research finds that the application of EPIs varies according to spatial scale, and is diverse among the four countries. Data availability is also identified as a major problem encountered during the development and selection of EPIs. The study finds that the governance of the existing regional body is ineffective due to differing agendas pursued by each participating country. This is because the current regional body is structured only to facilitate information exchange and cooperation in a limited manner, focusing so far only on water management issues. LMS regional goals need to be set in order to guide the stakeholders in identifying an appropriate set of EPIs. Most importantly, the research is intended to be a catalyst for encouraging the participants to integrate methods and other species of EPIs proposed in this research in their environmental assessment policies.

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Kalén, Victoria. "Kommunalt handlingsutrymme för att öka byggandet i trä : En studie av planeringsförutsättningar." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-215281.

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Syftet med denna uppsats är att öka kunskapen om vilka förutsättningar som påverkar kommunernas handlingsutrymme att styra mot ökat byggande i trä. Utgångspunkten är att ökat byggande i trä är en viktig hörnsten i Sveriges arbete för att nå klimatmål om minskade koldioxidutsläpp. I fallstudie undersöker jag Växjö och Skellefteå kommun som sedan länge arbetat aktivt med att öka byggande i trä och båda antagit kommunala träbyggandsstrategier. I fallstudie undersöker jag hur såväl kontextuella (projektspecifika och informella förutsättningar) som formella förutsättningar påverkar kommunens handlingsutrymme. Resultatet visar att processer för att identifiera planförutsättningar och överbrygga olika perspektiv är avgörande för att skapa ett kontextuellt handlingsutrymme. Resultatet visar vidare att kontextuella förutsättningar även har potential att till viss del skapa handlingsutrymme utanför det formella handlingsutrymmets ”uppenbara” ramar.
The aim of this study in to increase the knowledge of municipal possibilities and constraints to increase building in wood by examining the municipal planning conditions. Point of departure is that building in wood is a prerequisite to reach the Swedish climate targets of drastically reducing national CO2-emissions. In a case study two municipalities are examined, Växjö and Skellefteå, two municipalities with strategies to increase building in wood and with long experience in doing so. The study explores how contextual planning conditions (project specific and informal conditions) alongside formal planning conditions affects the municipal space of action. The result shows that processes to identify planning conditions and to bridge different perspectives are crucial in order to create a contextual space of action. The result further demonstrates that contextual planning condition withhold the potential to, to a certain degree, create space of action outside the presupposed boundaries of the formal planning system.

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Lemaitre, Jelle. "La cohésion territoriale et l'ordre juridique de l'Union européenne." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1G026.

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La cohésion territoriale a fait son apparition dans le droit de l’Union à l’ex article 16 TCE aux côtés des SIEG. Elle a connu une consécration dans le droit primaire de l’Union avec son érection au rang d’objectif de l’Union européenne en devenant la troisième dimension de la politique de cohésion aux côtés de la cohésion économique et sociale. Cette nouvelle place dans le droit primaire n’est pas sans poser des questions sur la normativité de ce nouvel objectif et plus largement de sa place dans l’ordre juridique de l’Union. La principale difficulté réside aujourd’hui dans sa définition et ses modalités d’expression et d’intervention. Le Livre vert de la Commission européenne de 2008 consacré à la cohésion territoriale a eu le mérite de mettre l’objectif en perspective en lui donnant une concrétisation à travers essentiellement la politique régionale, mais également plus largement par la nécessaire coordination des politiques à impact territorial. Cette thèse a pour objectif de mettre en lumière les expressions de la cohésion territoriale, appelée à se développer avec la mise en œuvre du traité de Lisbonne. La cohésion territoriale peut également se fonder sur de nombreux autres principes juridiques, à l’image du principe de subsidiarité, pour se doter d’une normativité dans le droit matériel de l’Union, du travail législatif et réglementaire à la mise en œuvre des politiques sectorielles sur le territoire de l’Union. La cohésion territoriale peut enfin s’appuyer sur le droit institutionnel de l’Union et sur le rôle croissant des collectivités infraétatiques pour faire entendre la voie d’une solidarité territoriale dans le modèle d’intégration européenne
The territorial cohesion appeared in the European Union law at the ex article 16 TCE beside the SIEG. It knew a consecration in the primary european Union law with its erection to the rank of objective of the European Union, becoming the third dimension of the cohesion policy beside the economic and social cohesion. This new place in the primary law is not without asking questions on the normativity of this new objective and more widely its place in the legal order of the european Union. The main difficulty is based on its definition and its modalities of expression and intervention today. The green Book of the European Commission of 2008 dedicated to the territorial cohesion had the merit to put the objective in perspective by giving it a realization through essentially the regional policy, but also more widely by the necessary coordination of the policies with territorial impact. This thesis has for objective to put in light the expressions of the territorial cohesion, called to develop with the application of the treaty of Lisbon. The territorial cohesion can also base itself on the other legal principles, just like the principle of subsidiarity, to build a normativity in the European Union material law, from the legislative and statutory work to the application of the sector-based policies on the European Union territory. The territorial cohesion can finally lean on the european Union institutional law and on the increasing role of the local gouvernment to make the way of a territorial solidarity taken in consideration in the model of the European integration

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Chedid, Rita. "La Planification Spatiale Stratégique : outil de développement territorial équilibré et de décongestion de l'aire métropolitaine de Beyrouth." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC2067.

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La mondialisation conjuguée à la concentration des opportunités de travail, des fonctions culturelles et de commandement en milieux urbains renforce l’attractivité résidentielle de ces derniers. Le phénomène se traduit par un processus de métropolisation imposant de nouvelles configurations de l’espace. Le décalage entre la métropolisation et les réponses de planification produit une métropole à deux vitesses et des dysfonctionnements territoriaux à plusieurs niveaux. La thèse examine le processus de métropolisation à Beyrouth, dans un contexte marqué, par l’inefficacité des pratiques de planification. Le décalage entre le fait métropolitain et les réponses de planification se traduit par un ensemble de dysfonctionnements territoriaux. A l’échelle de l’aire métropolitaine, les malaises se manifestent par la congestion de la capitale, de sa proche-banlieue et de ses entrées. A l’échelle du grand territoire, des déséquilibres territoriaux opposent, d’une part l’aire métropolitaine au reste du pays et d’une autre part, les espaces métropolitains centraux et leurs couronnes au reste de la métropole. Pour saisir la complexité de la problématique, la recherche développe un cadre théorique autour de deux variables explicatives essentielles : le processus de métropolisation et les pratiques de planification. Fondée sur le courant philosophique du réalisme critique et des méthodes de recherche mixtes, la méthodologie de recherche explore les dynamiques de métropolisation à Beyrouth tout remettant en question les pratiques de planification. Pour conclure, la thèse génère de nouvelles connaissances concernant les implications du décalage entre la métropolisation et les pratiques de planification tout présentant des possibilités d’atténuation des dysfonctionnements
The globalization combined to the concentration of opportunities, services, cultural and command functions within urban areas enhances their residential attractivity. The phenomenon results in metropolization process imposing new configurations and practices of the space. Failing to cope with the rapid urban transformation through adequate planning responses disrupts territorial structures while generating territorial malfunctions. Against this background, the thesis examines the metropolization process in Beirut, within in a context marked by inadequate planning practices. The gap between metropolitan phenomenon and planning responses is reflected in a set of territorial malfunctions. At the metropolitan area level, unrest is manifested by the congestion of the capital, its inner-suburbs and its entrances. At the national level, territorial imbalances oppose the metropolitan area to the rest of the country and the central metropolitan areas and their outskirts to the rest of the metropolis. To understand the complexity of the problem, the research develops a theoretical framework around two essential explanatory variables: the metropolization process and planning practices. Based on the critical realism paradigm and mixed research methods, the research methodology explores metropolization dynamics in Beirut while questioning planning practices. At the end, the thesis develops new understanding regarding the implications of the gap between metropolization process and planning responses while indicating measures for mitigating the two territorial malfunctions

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Saliba, Alouisia. "Mobilité et écologie urbaine à Beyrouth. Vers une approche durable des politiques de mobilité au Liban." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLD004.

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La présente thèse cherche une nouvelle approche de la mobilité à Beyrouth, à travers une étude de l’écologie urbaine. L’objet principal est de déterminer les obstacles auxquelles fait face la mobilité dans cette ville et de trouver : quelles influences ont les qualités spatiales sur les pratiques de mobilité à Beyrouth ? L’étude consiste en un croisement entre la notion d’architecture par l’analyse de l’environnement bâti, la notion de paysage en ayant recours aux expériences sensori-motrices et la notion sociale par l’étude des pratiques de mobilité des beyrouthins. Nous avons développé la méthodologie de recherche à partir d’une synthèse des projets et des études contemporains de la mobilité. La thèse est répartie en trois parties essentielles. Au départ, une étude du contexte urbain de la ville de Beyrouth englobe l’analyse rétrospective de l’infrastructure routière, ainsi que l’étude des différentes pratiques de mobilité. La deuxième partie, envisage le rôle des acteurs publics et privés de la mobilité. Nous avons ainsi formulé une interprétation des projets de mobilité actuels et en cours d’étude. La dernière partie de la thèse représente trois études de cas, de zones à caractère social et à formes urbaines distinctes. Par l’intermédiaire des analyses cartographiques et d’une enquête sociale, l’étude paysagère et sociale sont explicites.Les résultats de la recherche, se résument en trois idées centrales. Premièrement, la volonté politique et une bonne gouvernance prennent un rôle fondamental des stratégies durables de la mobilité. Ensuite, les études du site ont démontré l’intérêt du travail sur les multiples échelles de la mobilité, afin de limiter la congestion. Alors que l’influence de l’environnement urbain sur les pratiques de mobilité, promeut l’utilisation des ambiances urbaines pour favoriser les déplacements doux. Une mobilité écologique impulsera l’attractivité et sensibilisera l’hospitalité dans Beyrouth
The present thesis pursues a new approach regarding mobility in Beirut, through a study of the urban ecology. The main concern is to define the obstacles that the mobility is facing in this city, and to find out: what influences do spatial qualities have on mobility practices in Beirut? The study consists of a cross between the notion of architecture by the analysis of the built environment, the notion of landscape through senses and movement experiences and the social notion by the study of Beirut citizen’s mobility practices. We have developed the research methodology from a synthesis of contemporary mobility, projects and studies. The thesis is divided into three main parts. To start, a study of Beirut urban context includes a retrospective analysis of road infrastructure, as well as the study of the different mobility practices. The second part considers the role of public and private stakeholders. We have thus formulated an interpretation of current and ongoing mobility projects. The final part of the thesis represents three case studies of distinct social and urban forms areas of Beirut. Landscape and social studies are exposed through social survey and mapping.The results of this research, summed up in three key ideas. First, political will and good governance play a fundamental role in implementing sustainable mobility strategies. Secondly, site survey demonstrated the interest of working on the multiple scales of mobility, in order to limit the congestion. Whereas, the influence of urban environment on mobility practices, promotes use of urban environments to favor soft modes of transport. Eco-friendly mobility will stimulate attractiveness and will promote hospitality in Beirut

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Nougarèdes, Brigitte. "Modes d'insertion socio-spatiale du bâti agricole périurbain et sociabilités locales : le cas des "hameaux agricoles" dans l'Hérault." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00931887.

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Cette thèse porte sur la coexistence entre l'activité agricole et les usages résidentiels des espaces périurbains via l'étude sociologique des nouvelles modalités de gestion du bâti viticole développées dans le département de l'Hérault. Nommés " hameaux agricoles ", ces nouveautés répondent à la planification urbaine durable introduite par la loi SRU (2000) et ses conséquences sur le logement des agriculteurs et sur la cohabitation entre l'activité agricole et les usages résidentiels. Ces modes innovants de gestion du bâti agricole révèlent l'émergence d'une gestion publique de la cohabitation entre activité agricole et usages résidentiels. La thèse s'articule autour de deux principaux axes qui analysent 1) les conceptions politiques de la cohabitation entre activité agricole et usages résidentiels qui émanent de la loi SRU et de ses traductions en nouvelles modalités de gestion du bâti agricole, 2) de la cohabitation vécue par les agriculteurs et par les résidents dans les villages périurbains concernés par ces projets. L'analyse des conceptions politiques de la cohabitation permet de mettre à jour trois idéaux-types de " vivre ensemble ". La confrontation de ces conceptions politiques avec la réalité des dynamiques sociale, met à jour des problèmes inattendus d'équité sociale. La thèse se conclut sur des perspectives de recherche et d'action pour une gestion durable du bâti agricole.

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Zanetti, Thomas. "Une ville et sa multinationale, une multinationale et sa ville : emprise spatiale, organisation sociale, fonction économique et régulation politique du « territoire Michelin » à Clermont-Ferrand (fin XIXe à nos jours)." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO20099/document.

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Michelin est une firme multinationale présente sur tous les continents, elle détient près de 70 sites à travers le monde, qui emploient au total 108 000 salariés. En ce sens, l’entreprise a la capacité de valoriser divers territoires d’implantation dans le cadre de la mondialisation de ses activités, en s’émancipant des contraintes spatiales pour répondre à une consommation globale. Or, la multinationale du pneumatique a toujours maintenu son siège social dans la ville où l’entreprise industrielle est née à la fin du XIXème siècle, Clermont-Ferrand, signe qu’un degré élevé de mondialisation peut coexister avec un ancrage territorial centenaire. Il convient alors de s’interroger sur les ressorts, nécessairement évolutifs, de l’enracinement clermontois de Michelin. De la fin du XIXème siècle jusqu’à la Seconde guerre mondiale, l’entreprise a mis en place à Clermont-Ferrand un système paternaliste d’encadrement social de la force de travail qui accompagnait l’existence de l’ouvrier du « berceau à la tombe ». Cités-jardins, écoles, équipements médicaux, sportifs, œuvres sociales, etc. ont ainsi été conçues pour attirer, fidéliser et finalement assujettir une main-d’œuvre généralement issue du milieu rural auvergnat. S’ajoutant à l’emprise spatiale des sites industriels, tous localisés sur la commune de Clermont-Ferrand et composant un « espace Michelin » s’étalant entre les centres anciens de Clermont et de Montferrand, l’ensemble des équipements du système paternaliste dessine un « monde Michelin », défini comme une entité socio-spatiale autonome par rapport au reste de la société urbaine locale.Cette organisation sociale spécifique a une finalité essentiellement productive. Confrontée à l’absence de tradition industrielle qui caractérise la région clermontoise au début du XXème siècle, la firme façonne un milieu économique progressivement soumis à la croissance d’une mono-industrie, celle du caoutchouc, puis à une seule entreprise, Michelin. Cette dernière devient alors le principal moteur de l’économie locale, le puissant leader d’un bassin qui s’industrialise brutalement.Enfin, les relations de l’entreprise avec les pouvoirs publics locaux sont déterminantes pour comprendre comment un acteur privé a pu conformer une ville à ses logiques économiques. En effet, le déploiement d’une initiative sur l’espace ne se peut se réaliser sans lien avec le pouvoir institutionnalisé des élites politiques, celles-ci maîtrisant des ressources réglementaires indispensables à la mise en œuvre de l’aménagement urbain. Le concours de Michelin à la fabrique de la ville est ainsi indissociable des initiatives publiques, menées notamment par la municipalité de Clermont-Ferrand. Au final, on peut considérer qu’on assiste, dans la première moitié du XXème siècle, à la construction, par une entreprise, d’un territoire formé de quatre dimensions interdépendantes : une emprise spatiale, une organisation sociale, une fonction économique et une régulation politique. Une fois posées les modalités de la constitution de ce « territoire Michelin », l’objectif de ce travail est d’analyser comment cette construction territoriale évolue dans le temps, selon un cycle de « territorialisation / déterritorialisation / reterritorialisation » qui renouvelle les conditions de l’ancrage territorial d’une firme mondiale et renseigne sur la dialectique entre local et global, le territoire pouvant alors être considéré comme une clé de lecture du capitalisme et de ses conséquences sur l’évolution des sociétés urbaines
Michelin is a multinational presents on all the continents, it holds 70 sites worldwide, which employ all in all 108 000 employees. This way, the company has the capacity to value diverse territories within the framework of the globalization of its activities, by becoming emancipated spatial constraints to answer a global consumption. Yet, the multinational of the tire always maintained its head office in the city where the industrial company was born at the end of the XIXth century, Clermont-Ferrand, sign when a high degree of globalization can coexist with a hundred-years-old territorial anchoring. It is then advisable to wonder about reasons, inevitably evolutionary, of the presence of Michelin in Clermont-Ferrand.From the end of the XIXth century to the Second World War, the company set up in Clermont-Ferrand a paternalistic system of social frame of the working strength which accompanied the existence of the worker of the "cradle in the grave". Garden cities, schools, medical, sports equipments, charitable works, etc. were so designed to attract, develop loyalty and finally subject a workforce generally stemming from the rural environment from Auvergne. Being added to the spatial influence of the industrial sites, all located on the municipality of Clermont-Ferrand and composing a "space Michelin" spreading out between the old centers of Clermont and Montferrand, all the equipments of the paternalistic system draws a "world Michelin", defined as an autonomous socio-spatial entity, compared with the rest of the local urban society.This specific social organization has an essentially productive purpose. Confronted with the absence of industrial tradition which characterizes the clermontoise region at the beginning of the XXth century, the firm shapes an economic environment gradually subjected to the growth of a mono-industry, that some rubber, then to the single company, Michelin. The latter becomes then the main engine of the local economy, the powerful leader of a pond which becomes industrialized brutally.Finally, the relations of the company with the local public authorities are determining to understand how a private actor was able to shape a city to his economic logics. Indeed, the deployment of an initiative on the space cannot come true without link with the power institutionalized by the political elites, these mastering statutory resources indispensable to the implementation of the urban planning. The participation of Michelin to the urbanization is so inseparable public initiatives, led in particular by the municipality of Clermont-Ferrand. In the end, we can consider that we attend, in the first half of the XXth century, in the construction, by a company, of a territory structured by four interdependent dimensions: a spatial influence, a social organization, an economic function and a political regulation. Once put the modalities of the constitution of this "territory Michelin", the objective of this work is to analyze how this territorial construction evolves during the history, according to a cycle of "territorialization / deterritorialization / reterritorialization" which renews the conditions of the territorial anchoring of a world firm and informs about the dialectic between local and global, the territory which can then be considered as a key of reading of the capitalism and its consequences on the evolution of the urban societies

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Gralepois, Mathilde. "Les risques collectifs dans les agglomérations françaises : contours et limites d'une approche territoriale de prévention et de gestion des risques à travers le parcours des agents administratifs locaux." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00572853.

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La thèse porte sur les conditions d'émergence d'une approche territoriale de prévention et de gestion des risques collectifs à l'échelle des agglomérations urbaines. Cette approche s'appuie une définition endogène et extensive du mot « risque », qui vise finalement à un fonctionnement sans incident des villes. Le suivi du parcours des agents administratifs, principaux porteurs de cette ambition dans les trois intercommunalités françaises étudiées (agglomérations de Nantes, de Lyon et du Havre), permet de mesurer la réception de cette approche dans la gouvernance locale et dans le développement des agglomérations urbaines. La première partie de la thèse, qui couvre les années 1960 à 2000, vise à montrer la lente légitimation d'une approche territoriale de prévention et de gestion des risques jusqu'à la structuration administrative de services dédiés. La seconde partie de la thèse, qui couvre les années 2000 à 2006, examine les conditions de leur maintien sur l'agenda. Contre toutes attentes, les agents publics ne réussissent pas à inscrire leur approche des risques dans les politiques d'urbanisme. Par contre, ils parviennent à la valoriser dans la politique locale de sécurité civile. Cette thèse met les agents territoriaux au cœur de l'analyse de l'action publique et de l'évolution des représentations urbaines. Mais c'est dans la confrontation de ces agents publics aux autres techniciens, communaux ou d'État, et surtout dans le rapport aux élus, que se révèlent les enjeux politiques de la prise en compte des risques dans le développement urbain.

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Park, Jiyeon. "Aménagement du territoire, levier de développement durable : étude comparée des systèmes d'innovation français et sud-coréens dans le processus de métropolisation." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAG036.

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Faire métropole est très souvent associée à l’aménagement d’un vaste territoire, ce qui le limite à la simple recherche d’un périmètre ou d’une échelle pertinents. Or, elle implique bien davantage. L’intercommunalité française, ouverte à des formes de coopération diverses et variées entre les différentes entités territoriales, constitue une piste intéressante à explorer. C’est pourquoi à l’étranger, la France est souvent présentée comme un exemple en matière de coopération et de décentralisation, notamment dans les pays à forte tradition centralisatrice, comme la Corée du Sud. Dans cette perspective, nous effectuerons des études de cas comparatives à effet miroir sur le processus de métropolisation en France et en Corée du Sud. Notre étude cherche à illustrer la structuration du système d’innovation (SI) selon le schéma de co-construction PAS, qui permet, entre autres, de co-créer un écosystème d’échange, de partage et d’arbitrage -servant ainsi de force motrice et optimisatrice au système urbain par spécialisation. Notre étude vise enfin à orienter l’aménagement du territoire vers la démarche intégratrice de développement durable
The development of a Metropolis is very often associated with the construction of a vast territory, which limits it to the simple search for a pertinent perimeter or level. It implies, however, much more. The French intercommunality, that opens up to various forms of cooperation between different territorial entities, is an interesting approach in this respect. France is, indeed, often presented aborad as an example of cooperation and of decentralization, especially in countries with a strong centralizing tradition, such as South Korea. In this perspective, we will carry out comparative case studies mirroring the process of metropolisation in France and in South Korea. Our study seeks to illustrate how to structure the innovation system (IS) according to the co-construction scheme PAS, making it possible, among otherthings, to co-create an ecosystem of exchange, sharing and arbitration -and thus serving as a driving force and optimizing force in an urban system of specialization. Finally, our study aims at orienting spatial planning towards the integrated approach of sustainable development

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Loubié, Stéphane. "Fondements et perspectives d'une mobilité dans le périurbain : le cas de l'aire métropolisée montpelliéraine." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MON30035.

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La nécessité de recomposer une approche de la mobilité en mobilité durable apparait plus intensément en ce début de XXIème siècle dans un contexte économique et social tendu parallèlement à des injonctions internationales de diminution des pollutions, notamment automobiles, et ce pour faire face aux changements climatiques. En interrogeant les fondements et les perspectives du paradigme de la mobilité durable, il est proposé de définir les contours de futures stratégies de sa mise en œuvre. A ce titre, l’espace périurbain est retenu car il présente des enjeux particuliers : structure territoriale complexe, faiblesse des offres de transports publics, demande multi polarisée et déplacements monomodaux et autosolistes. Cet espace constitue un laboratoire d’analyses paradoxales car cette situation peu favorable en termes d’organisation du système de mobilité durable peut être transformée en opportunité par des expérimentations tant techniques qu’organisationnelles et encourager d’autres façons de se déplacer. La mise en œuvre de cette perspective induit un changement menant les systèmes traditionnels de gestion des déplacements à une coopération transversale des acteurs de la mobilité et de l’aménagement du territoire. La recomposition de l’approche technique, la réorganisation des instances décisionnelles, l’expérimentation et l’innovation portent donc l’espoir d’une mobilité plus durable en particulier dans les espaces sous dépendance urbaine comme nous le montrons avec celui de l’aire métropolisée montpelliéraine (Hérault-France)
The need to recompose an approach to sustainable mobility appears more intensely at the beginning of the 21st century in a tense economic and social context in parallel with international injunctions to reduce pollution, especially automobiles, and to cope with climate change. By questioning the foundations and perspectives of the paradigm of sustainable mobility, it is proposed to define the contours of future strategies for its implementation. As such, the peri-urban area is retained because it presents particular challenges: complex territorial structure, low public transport offerings, multi-polarized demand and monomodal and auto-solitary displacements. This space is a laboratory of paradoxical analyzes because this unfavorable situation in terms of the organization of the sustainable mobility system can be turned into an opportunity through both technical and organizational experiments and encourage other ways of moving. The implementation of this perspective induces a shift from traditional systems of travel management to cross-sectoral cooperation of actors. The recomposition of the technical approach, the reorganization of the decision-making bodies, the experimentation and the innovation thus carry the hope of a more durable mobility especially in the spaces under urban dependence as we show it with that of the area metropolitan Montpellier (Hérault-France)

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Delebarre, Agathe. "Mobilités périurbaines, diversification modale et nouvelle dynamique institutionnelle : quelles mutations dans la gouvernance et l’offre de mobilité pour plus d’équité dans les territoires périurbains des villes moyennes des Régions Bretagne et Hauts-de-France ?" Thesis, Littoral, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020DUNK0564.

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L’espace périurbain des villes moyennes est marqué par l’autosolisme, avec une offre altermodale limitée, source d’iniquité pour les personnes non-motorisées ou mal-motorisées dans un contexte de concentration accrue du rôle des pôles urbains. Cet espace peu dense était encore largement fragmenté d’un point de vue territorial, avec une forte segmentation des compétences. Les loi NOTRe et MAPTAM ont apporté des mutations importantes depuis janvier 2017, induisant une montée en compétence mobilités de nouvelles Communautés d’Agglomération et un renforcement du poids de la Région comme cheffe de file des mobilités régionales. On peut donc se demander si, dans un périurbain des villes moyennes, produit et dominé par l’automobilité et l’autosolisme, les réformes récentes en matière de mobilités, sont-elles motrices d’un renouvellement et d’une diversification de l’offre de mobilité dans ces territoires diffus et peu denses, et permettent-elles d’assurer une meilleure équité territoriale?
The peri-urban space of medium-sized towns is marked by self-car-mobility, with a limited mobility option offer, and is a source of inequity for non-motorized or poorly-motorized people in a context of increased concentration of the role of urban centers. This sparsely populated area was still largely fragmented about metropolitan government structure, with a strong segmentation of jurisdictions. The NOTRe and MAPTAM laws have brought significant changes since January 2017, leading to a rise in the mobility jurisdictions of new conurbation communities and a strengthening of the Region's government as a leader in regional mobility. It is therefore questionable whether, in a peri-urban city of medium-sized towns, produced and dominated by car-mobility and self-car-mobility, whether these recent reforms are driving force behind a renewal and diversification of the mobility offer in these diffuse and low-density territories, allowing for better territorial equity?

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Signoret, Philippe. "Territoire, observation et gouvernance. Outils, méthodes et réalités." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00669081.

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La thèse se présente en trois parties qui reprennent les trois mots clés du titre et mettent en perspective la fonction d'observation territoriale, par une approche de la complexité essentiellement empirique et faisant référence de manière récurrente à la systémique.La première partie s'intéresse à la notion polysémique de territoire. La modélisation du processus de territorialisation permet alors de contourner la difficulté sémantique qui découle des multiples acceptions du terme rencontrées dans la littérature et au cours des entretiens conduits auprès de spécialistes. Le territoire se révèle alors sous la forme d'une représentation, combinant des dimensions matérielles et immatérielles, des représentations individuelles et collectives.La deuxième partie s'appuie sur des réalisations concrètes d'observatoires pour élaborer et mettre en oeuvre une approche comparée, entre une trentaine d'observatoires, sous l'angle de leur structuration et de leur fonctionnement. Cette seconde partie du travail révèle des situations très contrastées et l'absence d'un modèle consensuel qui sont les signes de réalisations opportunes, et non d'une approche normalisée de la fonction d'observation.La prise en compte des jeux d'acteurs s'opère au cours de la troisième partie qui traite de la gouvernance pour et par l'observation. Nous réinterrogeons alors les structures et les organisations qui se mettent en place autour des observatoires et d'un enjeu qui est celui de l'aide à la décision par l'instrumentation de l'information géographique.

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El, Zein Ali. "La crise du système de déplacements au Liban : une dépendance automobile systémique et coûteuse." Thesis, Perpignan, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PERP0004.

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Le système des déplacements de personnes au Liban se caractérise par une triple crise de congestion, financement et durabilité. Cette crise se traduit par un système de transport non performant : niveau d’embouteillages élevé et récurrent et absence quasi-totale d’alternatives fiables à la voiture privée. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’éclairer le concept de dépendance automobile au prisme des pratiques de mobilité, des modalités de gouvernance du secteur de transport et des caractéristiques territoriales et socio-économiques au Liban. Elle vise à expliquer cette dépendance dans une approche systémique et elle propose des solutions pour la modérer. L’analyse systémique considère que la dépendance s’explique par l’interaction de plusieurs facteurs : l’organisation territoriale du pays, les facteurs socio-économiques et culturels, l’offre de transport et les modalités de la gouvernance du secteur de transport. Ensuite, la thèse explore les enjeux de la modération de la dépendance automobile. Il s’agit, tout d’abord, de mettre en exergue les coûts économiques, sociaux et environnementaux liés à l’utilisation excessive de la voiture. Enfin, les perspectives d’une possible modération de la dépendance automobile au Liban et ses orientations pratiques sont explorées
The Lebanese transport is characterized by a triple crisis of congestion, financing and sustainability. This crisis appears in an inefficient transport system: high and recurring level of traffic jams and an almost total absence of reliable alternatives to the private car.The objective of this thesis is to highlight the concept of car dependency through the prism of mobility practices, transport sector governance and territorial and socio-economic characteristics in Lebanon. It aims to explain this dependence in a systemic approach and it proposes solutions to moderate it. The systemic analysis considers that car dependency can be explained by the interaction of several factors: the country's territorial organization, socio-economic and cultural factors, transport supply and the modes of governance of the transport sector. Then, the thesis explores the challenges of moderating car dependency. It highlights the economic, social and environmental costs linked to excessive use of the car.Finally, the prospects for a possible moderation of car dependency in Lebanon and its practical directions are explored

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Spatial governance'

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