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Academic literature on the topic 'Spatial Ecosystems'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Spatial Ecosystems"

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Marleau, Justin N., Frédéric Guichard, and Michel Loreau. "Meta-ecosystem dynamics and functioning on finite spatial networks." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1777 (February 22, 2014): 20132094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.2094.

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The addition of spatial structure to ecological concepts and theories has spurred integration between sub-disciplines within ecology, including community and ecosystem ecology. However, the complexity of spatial models limits their implementation to idealized, regular landscapes. We present a model meta-ecosystem with finite and irregular spatial structure consisting of local nutrient–autotrophs–herbivores ecosystems connected through spatial flows of materials and organisms. We study the effect of spatial flows on stability and ecosystem functions, and provide simple metrics of connectivity that can predict these effects. Our results show that high rates of nutrient and herbivore movement can destabilize local ecosystem dynamics, leading to spatially heterogeneous equilibria or oscillations across the meta-ecosystem, with generally increased meta-ecosystem primary and secondary production. However, the onset and the spatial scale of these emergent dynamics depend heavily on the spatial structure of the meta-ecosystem and on the relative movement rate of the autotrophs. We show how this strong dependence on finite spatial structure eludes commonly used metrics of connectivity, but can be predicted by the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the connectivity matrix that describe the spatial structure and scale. Our study indicates the need to consider finite-size ecosystems in meta-ecosystem theory.

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Li, Yiting, Ming Kong, Chuanfu Zang, and Jinglin Deng. "Spatial and Temporal Evolution and Driving Mechanisms of Water Conservation Amount of Major Ecosystems in Typical Watersheds in Subtropical China." Forests 14, no. 1 (January 4, 2023): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14010093.

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The water conservation function of ecosystems is a research hot spot in the field of water resources, and it is also an important ecological service function of terrestrial ecosystems and a key point in eco-hydrology research. With the increasing frequency of human activities and climate change, how to reveal the response of ecosystem water conservation function to the changing environment is a scientific problem that needs to be urgently addressed in ecological hydrology research. To reveal the eco-hydrological processes under the changing environment, this study was based on the distributed hydrological model (SWAT) and used water conservation amount (WCA) as an indicator to assess the water conservation capacity of ecosystems. Scenario analysis and statistical analysis were also used to determine the spatial and temporal evolution of the WCAs of farmland, forest, and grassland ecosystems under a changing environment and to further investigate the influence mechanisms of land use change and climate change on the WCA. The findings show that (1) the climate conditions in the Hanjiang watershed have determined the distribution pattern of the ecosystem’s WCA. The spatial distribution patterns of the WCA of each ecosystem differed significantly between the dry season and the wet season. Under the combined influence of human activities and climate change, there was no significant change in the spatial distribution pattern of the WCA. (2) Climate change patterns, which were dominated by precipitation and influenced by evapotranspiration, determined the changes in the WCA of ecosystems. In addition, there were significant spatial differences in the response of the watershed WCA under changing environments in the dry season. Differences in land use type and local climate change were the main reasons for such differences. (3) There were differences in the WCA and the response to changing environments among ecosystems. Forest ecosystems had the highest WCA; grassland ecosystems were the most sensitive to land use change. This study can provide a theoretical basis for alleviating the increasingly serious water resource problems in the basin and ensuring water and ecological security in the basin.

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Morris, Richard, Shannon Davis, Gwen-Aëlle Grelet, and Pablo Gregorini. "Multiscapes and Urbanisation: The Case for Spatial Agroecology." Sustainability 14, no. 3 (January 25, 2022): 1352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031352.

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The two most significant signatures of the Anthropocene—agriculture and urbanisation—have yet to be studied synoptically. The term periurban is used to describe territory where the urbanising trend of the planet extends into multiscapes. A periurban praxis is required that spatially reconciles urbanisation and agriculture, simultaneously permitting urban growth and the enhancement of critical ecosystem services provided by agricultural hinterlands. This paper presents a synthesis of four fields of ecological research that converge on periurban multiscapes—ecological urbanism, landscape ecology, ecosystem services science and agroecology. By applying an ecosystem services approach, a diagram is developed that connects these fields as a holistic praxis for spatially optimising periurban multiscapes for ecosystem services performance. Two spatial qualities of agroecology—‘ES Density’ and ‘ES Plasticity’—potentiate recent areas of research in each of the other three fields—ecology for the city from ecological urbanism, landscape metrics from landscape ecology (particularly the potential application of fractals and surface metrics) and ecosystem services supply and demand mapping and ‘ES Space’ theory from ecosystems services science. While the multifunctional value of agroecological systems is becoming widely accepted, this paper focuses on agroecology’s specific spatial value and its unique capacity to supply ecosystem services specifically tailored to the critical ecosystemic demands of periurban multiscapes.

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Majava, Jukka, Pekka Leviäkangas, Tuomo Kinnunen, Pekka Kess, and Del Foit. "Spatial health and life sciences business ecosystem: a case study of San Diego." European Journal of Innovation Management 19, no. 1 (January 11, 2016): 26–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejim-01-2015-0003.

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Purpose – Increasing competition in global markets requires many countries to seek new growth sectors. In addition, the nature of competition is changing. This paper applies the business ecosystem concept and studies San Diego as a spatial health and life sciences ecosystem. The purpose of this paper is to identify issues that should be considered in design of innovation policies and regional industry development. Design/methodology/approach – The research approach is built on a literature review of business ecosystems and spatial innovation. The empirical study is based on semi-structured interviews, observations, and information gathering and verification during field research. Findings – The results include a description of the ecosystem structure and dynamics. This paper demonstrates the bottom-up nature of San Diego’s health and life sciences ecosystem without a dominant lead actor, and presents prerequisites for fostering spatial ecosystems. Research limitations/implications – A single case may not be able to offer a generalized picture of this topic. However, the study raises several considerations for researchers and decision-makers involved in innovation policy design. Future work should extend the study and involve other spatial and substance contexts to compare findings and to pursue a more generic picture of innovation ecosystems and networks. Originality/value – This paper demonstrates that applying the concept of business ecosystems to the spatial context provides new insights in terms of dynamic mechanisms and factors contributing to economic growth in a particular location. Understanding how to facilitate the creation of successful spatial ecosystems is in the focal point of innovation policies.

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Yang, Chunyu, Na Gong, Huanzhou Hong, and Biying You. "The “Spatial Equilibrium” Evolution of the Tourism Ecosystem and Theoretical Construction from a Multidisciplinary Perspective." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2022 (August 23, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9004097.

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The evolution of the tourism ecosystem is characterized by its complexity, imbalance, and spatial heterogeneity. As a result, it has been the focus of academic attention across a wide range of disciplines, including geography, ecology, economics, management, sociology, and philosophy. Firstly, this article explores the connotations and characteristics of the spatial evolution of tourism ecosystems, subsequently proposing that the spatial evolution of tourism ecosystems is essentially different and “mutually inclusive.” To do so, it searches through the relevant research results on “spatial equilibrium” in ecosystems from the perspectives of different disciplines and analyzes their different core concepts, theoretical systems, and research methods. Second, the coupling force acts as a key character and exerts an influence on “spatial equilibrium” in ecosystems as a dynamic mechanism, internal stability mechanism, and dynamic mechanism. Third, nonlinear, dynamic, evolutionary, systematic thinking, and axiomatic theories are combined to construct an internal stable evolution mechanism and abstract tourism ecosystem model to form an explanatory theoretical system. The results of the research show that the construction of the “spatial equilibrium” of the tourism ecosystem model should pertain to the initial state of the comprehensive environmental carrying capacity of the tourism ecosystem as it evolves to form a tourism ecosystem based on the coupling relationship between the internal and external elements of the “spatial equilibrium” state. Finally, the future research approaches in this field are summarized and assessed. The methodology and theoretical exploration discussed in this article will contribute to a better understanding of how to sustainably develop tourism destinations.

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Sulistianto, Erwan, Eva Anggraini, Agus Sadeli, Achmad Fahrudin, and Tridoyo Kusumastanto. "Spatial Based Economic Valuation of Coastal Area in Bontang." Economic and Social of Fisheries and Marine Journal 009, no. 02 (April 23, 2022): 150–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.ecsofim.2022.009.02.01.

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Coastal areas have an important role in economic development. Development activities carried out on land and at sea can put pressure on ecosystems in coastal areas, thereby reducing the quality of the ecosystem services provided. Understanding the impact of development on ecosystems in coastal areas requires an economic assessment in order to provide input in the formulation of sustainable development policies. This article aims to estimate the economic value of ecosystems in coastal areas based on spatial. The economic valuation method used is the benefit transfer method, the travel cost method, and the replacement cost method. Mapping the economic value of coastal ecosystems based on spatial using Geographic Information System (GIS). The economic value of the coastal area is divided into 3 zones, namely zone 1, in the northern part of the Bontang River estuary, amounting to IDR 21,85 trillion/year; zone 2, between the Bontang River estuary and the Blusu River estuary amounting to IDR 48,20 trillion/year; and zone 3, in the southern part of the Blusu River estuary, amounting to IDR 45,67 trillion/year. The economic value of ecosystems in coastal areas based on the spatial obtained can explain the value lost due to ecosystem disturbances more specifically and clearly in certain zones.

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Chen, Dechao, Xinliang Xu, Huailong Jiang, Zongyao Sun, Luo Liu, and Zhi Qiao. "Contribution of Spatial Heterogeneity and Temporal-Spatial Change of Ecosystems to the Thermal Environment of Tourist Destinations: A Case Study of Sichuan-Chongqing Region, China." Advances in Meteorology 2020 (June 23, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6798958.

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Tourism development activities affect the structure and functions of ecosystems directly triggering changes in the thermal environment of tourism destinations and raising a need for sustainable development of the tourism industry. Using the 2005–2015 moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) data on the land surface temperature combined with the land use data, the urban thermal environment contribution index (CI) of prefecture-level cities and ecosystem types corresponding to the study area in Sichuan-Chongqing region were quantitatively calculated under various seasonal and diurnal conditions in terms of the scales of administrative divisions and ecosystem types. The characteristics of the roles played by different cities and ecosystem types to contribute to the thermal environment of the metropolitan region were summarized, and the differences and changes in the corresponding contribution intensity of various ecosystem types were measured. The results indicate the following: (1) Different cities play different roles as the sources and sinks with respect to the thermal environment in the daytime and nighttime. Based on the diurnal differences of the contribution indices, cities can be divided into three types: the day-night heat source type, the day-sink and night-source type, and the day-night heat sink type. (2) The farmland and the grassland ecosystems are the most important source and sink landscapes in the thermal environment of the Sichuan-Chongqing Region, respectively. (3) The region is affected by the spatial arrangement of the internal ecosystems and its own development conditions, and, consequently, there are significant temporal-spatial variations and role transitions between heat source and heat sink regarding the contribution of different ecosystem types to the thermal environment of individual cities. It is important to scientifically regulate the thermal environment effect on tourism destinations and maintain the comfort and sustainable development through identifying the source and sink ecosystems of the thermal environment, controlling the quantity and spatial arrangement of the heat source ecosystems, and fully enabling the cooling effect of the heat sink ecosystems.

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Huang, Ying, Xiaoyu Gan, Shaofei Niu, Desheng Hao, and Bo Zhou. "Incorporating Ecosystem Service Multifunctionality and Its Response to Urbanization to Identify Coordinated Economic, Societal, and Environmental Relationships in China." Forests 13, no. 5 (April 30, 2022): 707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13050707.

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Urbanization poses a threat to ecosystems and contributes to the degradation of the environment. It is of great importance to identify coordinated economic, societal, and environmental relationships with key ecological functions and services to achieve regional sustainability. Based on a case study in China, this study seeks to fill this gap by estimating the spatial distribution of ecosystem service multifunctionality (ESM) and its spatially heterogeneous response to urbanization. First, the biophysical values of five typical ecosystem services (ESs) (carbon storage, habitat quality, net primary production, soil conservation, and water yield) were assessed based on several simulation models. The biophysical values of these ESs were then standardized and summed to obtain the spatial distribution of ESM. Afterward, the urbanization level was evaluated, and finally, the spatial interaction between urbanization and ESM was exhibited based on the bivariate Moran’s I and Getis-Ord Gi* statistic. The results showed that: (1) the ESM showed obvious spatial heterogeneity in southeastern and northwestern China, with a gradual decline from the coast to the interior; (2) ESM and urbanization had different spatial distribution patterns and produced significant local aggregation effects; and (3) harmonious relationships between ESM and urbanization were observed in southeastern coastal China and the surrounding areas of the North China Plain, which were related to the capacity of local coastal ecosystems, mangrove forests, and aquatic ecosystems to provide multiple services and goods simultaneously. Our results suggest that multifunctional ecosystems can realize a ‘win–win’ situation for ecological conservation and socioeconomic development. The results of this study can advance our understanding of the ecological effects of urbanization on ecosystems and provide valuable implications for the coordinated development of humans and nature in the rapid urbanization process.

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Bystryakov, Igor, and Dmitry Klynovyi. "FUNCTIONAL DECOMPOSITION OF SPATIAL BUSINESS ECOSYSTEMS." Environmental Economics and Sustainable Development, no. 6(25) (2019): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37100/2616-7689/2019/6(25)/1.

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The purpose of the article is functional decomposition of the main stages of the algorithm of providing strategic management of business ecosystem development. It is determined that it includes the assessment of the resource potential of the territory; defining its core competencies; locomotive industries, industries and spheres of management; creation of drivers of development of spatial systems; formation of points and zones of economic growth; cross-sectoral redistribution of investment flows, internal balancing of territorial development; creating a system of sustainable finance and ensuring system-wide sustainability of territorial formation. An appropriate scheme of sequential decomposition of the business ecosystem is proposed. The functional role of the natural resource space as a source of production, raw material, energy resources and the basis for the organization of business ecosystems have been determined here. The role of key competences for the functioning of a sustainable competitive economy has been determined also. The leading role of economic drivers and locomotive industries, which are able to build powerful chains of production, supply and sale in ensuring the sustainable development of business ecosystems, has been established. Also there is established the need to create growth points as spatially-localized territorial-economic entities, wich are provided with the necessary growth drivers and focused on the production of locomotive industries. The functional role of the sustainable finance system in the extraction, redistribution, accumulation and capitalization of rental income from environmental management is characterized.

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Chen, Min, and Qianlai Zhuang. "Spatially Explicit Parameterization of a Terrestrial Ecosystem Model and Its Application to the Quantification of Carbon Dynamics of Forest Ecosystems in the Conterminous United States." Earth Interactions 16, no. 5 (April 1, 2012): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2012ei400.1.

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Abstract The authors use a spatially explicit parameterization method and the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM) to quantify the carbon dynamics of forest ecosystems in the conterminous United States. Six key parameters that govern the rates of carbon and nitrogen dynamics in TEM are selected for calibration. Spatially explicit data for carbon and nitrogen pools and fluxes are used to calibrate the six key parameters to more adequately account for the spatial heterogeneity of ecosystems in estimating regional carbon dynamics. The authors find that a spatially explicit parameterization results in vastly different carbon exchange rates relative to a parameterization conducted for representative ecosystem sites. The new parameterization method estimates that the net ecosystem production (NEP), the annual gross primary production (GPP), and the net primary production (NPP) of the regional forest ecosystems are 61% (0.02 Pg C; 1 Pg = 1015 g) higher and 2% (0.11 Pg C) and 19% (0.45 Pg C) lower, respectively, than the values obtained using the traditional parameterization method for the period 1948–2000. The estimated vegetation carbon and soil organic carbon pool sizes are 51% (18.73 Pg C) lower and 29% (7.40 Pg C) higher. This study suggests that, to more adequately quantify regional carbon dynamics, spatial data for carbon and nitrogen pools and fluxes should be developed and used with the spatially explicit parameterization method.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Spatial Ecosystems"

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Zillio, Tommaso. "Spatial Dynamics of Ecosystems." Doctoral thesis, SISSA, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11767/4081.

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Sandin, Leonard. "Spatial and temporal variability of stream benthic macroinvertebrates : implications for environmental assessment /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2000. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2000/91-576-6056-5.pdf.

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Gill, Wendy Jane. "The spatial characterisation of transitional areas between plant communities : a case study from upland Britain." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2196.

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The concept of the ecotone was formalised by Clements (1 905) as a boundary zone between plant communities. Little research exists on the ecological importance or the geographical variability of these zones. Two types of boundaries are acknowledged: the ecotone and the ecocline. The ecotone is a sharp boundary; the ecocline a gradual boundary. The term 'transitional area' is proposed here to more accurately describe these areas as this research demonstrates that a complex continuum exists between the two end points. Additionally, mosaics often complicate the nature of the transition and may form a boundary type in their own right. Upland plant communities represent important semi-natural habitats within the British Isles. Effective management depends on an understanding of their structure and function. This research is primarily concerned with the description of structure (spatial pattern and variability in floristic composition) but explanation of these patterns is only possible through an understanding of function (vegetation dynamics). Pilot studies determined an appropriate methodology for studying transitional areas. The approach progressed from a linear transect to a two-dimensional rectangular transect. The pilot studies also evaluated a range of methods for data analysis. Extended field sampling followed which included 23 sites in 4 locations: Dartmoor, Snowdonia, North York Moors and Barra, Western Isles of Scotland. Data analysis exposed the complexities of the transitional areas sampled but 'noise' often obscured the true characteristics. To overcome this a Species Ratio Index Model was devised to identify the strength of signal for each boundary. The final characterisation of transitional areas is based on three main components: ecotone, ecocline and mosaics, each displaying varying amplitude. Of the sites sampled, few boundaries revealed single characteristics and the majority were far more complex than their observed patterns implied. On the basis of this characterisation a classification is proposed which incorporates both natural and anthropogenic factors. The classification represents an important contribution to the understanding of boundary types. This study reinforces the significance of boundaries in the landscape. The potential for future research is great, particularly through the development of a predictive model for management purposes.

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Alibegovic, Goran. "Spatial and Temporal Characterisation of Ecosystems in Landscapes Surrounding Granite Outcrops." Thesis, Curtin University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2087.

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This study develops and implements a methodology to map granite outcrops over the Southwest Western Australian Floristic Region using biannual Landsat TM imagery based on seasonal vegetation change. Ecosystem greenspots are mapped using a weighted seasonal summation of long term MODIS imagery to identify locations that may act as habitat refuges under climate change. Phenological characteristics on granite outcrop aprons are compared to non-apron areas to quantify habitat differences and responses to recent climate change.

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Koukoulas, Sotirios. "Analysing the spatial structure of semi natural deciduous woodlands through high resolution airborne imagery and Geographical Information Systems." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272583.

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Leach, Taylor Hepburn. "Cause and Consequences of Spatial Dynamics of Planktonic Organisms in Lake Ecosystems." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1479747973843758.

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Thompson, Melissa L. "Evaluating the use of high spatial resolution imagery in characterizing sagebrush ecosystems." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1594496621&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Edwards, Grant R. "The creation and maintenance of spatial heterogeneity in plant communities : the role of plant-animal interactions." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239335.

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Engelhard, Sarah Laure. "Marine Spatial Connectivity in Theory and Conservation." Thesis, Griffith University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365470.

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Globally, ecosystems are experiencing increasing pressure from anthropogenic stressors. Human population growth is responsible for overexploitation of natural resources, pollution, land alteration and climate change. A change in landscape connectivity, may not only reduce the habitable space for species, but may also affect their movement and population dynamics. These changes potentially reduce the resilience of ecosystems against other stressors. Reserves are a common method to protect areas from overexploitation and habitat destruction and help to safeguard ecosystem functioning. Reserve size, location and configuration influence the effect of reserves and the optimal design of protected areas is a field of ongoing research. Connectivity is a guiding principle in protected area planning but the explicit incorporation of connections remains a challenge. Reasons can be found in the scarcity of quantitative data on connectivity and a lack of agreement on connectivity measures. Currently, connections in marine landscapes are less studied than on land. The aim of this thesis was to examine the relationship between connectivity and ecosystem processes, and to test methods for modelling and incorporating quantitative data on connectivity in the design of marine protected areas.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Grifffith School of Environment
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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DENARO, Giovanni. "Stochastic models for phytoplankton dynamics in marine ecosystems." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/91323.

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In this thesis, the stochastic advection-reaction-diffusion models are analyzed to obtain the vertical stationary spatial distributions of the main groups of picophytoplankton, which account about for 80% of total chlorophyll on average in Mediterranean Sea. In Chapter 1 we give a short presentation of the experimental and phytoplanktonic data collected during different oceanographic surveys in Mediterranean Sea. In Chapter 2 we introduce the deterministic and stochastic approaches (one-population model) adopted to describe the picoeukaryotes dynamics in Sicily Channel. Moreover, numerical results for the biomass concentration are compared with experimental data by using chi-squared goodness-of-fit test. In Chapter 3 we modify the previous one-population model to study the population dynamics of two picophytoplankton groups, i.e. picoeukaryotes and picoprokaryotes (Prochlorococcus). The agreement between theoretical results and experimental findings is checked by using two comparative methods: chi-squared goodness-of-fit test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test. In Chapter 4 we introduce a deterministic model used to perform the spatio-temporal analysis of five picophytoplankton species sampled in a site of the Tyrrhenian Sea: numerical results are compared with experimental data acquired during different oceanographic surveys in the period from 24 November 2006 to 9 June 2007. The models investigated in the chapters 2, 3 and 4, show that real distributions are well reproduced by theoretical profiles. Specifically, position, shape and magnitude of the theoretical deep chlorophyll maximum exhibit a good agreement with the experimental values. Finally, conclusions and future prospects of this thesis are discussed.

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Books on the topic "Spatial Ecosystems"

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Michael, Bevers, ed. Spatial optimization for managed ecosystems. New York: Columbia University Press, 1998.

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Keane, Robert E. Spatial variability of wildland fuel characteristics in northern Rocky Mountain ecosystems. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2012.

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Fortin, Marie-Jose e. Spatial analysis: A guide for ecologists. Cambridge, N.Y: Cambridge University Press, 2005.

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Little, Susan N. Distribution of biomass and nutrients in lodgepole pine/bitterbrush ecosystems in central Oregon. Portland, Ore: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1992.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. The role of tropical deforestation in the global carbon cycle: Spatial and temporal dynamics ; final technical report. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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Monaco, Mark E., Simon Pittman, Alan M. Friedlander, Chris Caldow, Christopher Francis Jeffrey, and Sarah Hile. Coral reef ecosystems of St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands: Spatial and temporal patterns in fish and benthic communities (2001-2009). Edited by National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (U.S.). Silver Spring, MD: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, 2013.

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P, Parker Sybil, Corbitt Robert A, and McGraw-Hill inc, eds. McGraw-Hill encyclopedia of environmental science & engineering. 3rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1993.

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Ronchi, Silvia. Ecosystem Services for Spatial Planning. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90185-5.

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Gurr, Jens Martin, Rolf Parr, and Dennis Hardt, eds. Metropolitan Research. Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839463109.

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Metropolitan research requires multidisciplinary perspectives in order to do justice to the complexities of metropolitan regions. This volume provides a scholarly and accessible overview of key methods and approaches in metropolitan research from a uniquely broad range of disciplines including architectural history, art history, heritage conservation, literary and cultural studies, spatial planning and planning theory, geoinformatics, urban sociology, economic geography, operations research, technology studies, transport planning, aquatic ecosystems research and urban epidemiology. It is this scope of disciplinary - and increasingly also interdisciplinary - approaches that allows metropolitan research to address recent societal challenges of urban life, such as mobility, health, diversity or sustainability.

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Nuttal, Pat, ed. Climate, ticks and disease. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249637.0000.

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Abstract This book is a collection of 77 expert opinions arranged in three sections. Section 1 on "Climate" sets the scene, including predictions of future climate change, how climate change affects ecosystems, and how to model projections of the spatial distribution of ticks and tick-borne infections under different climate change scenarios. Section 2 on "Ticks" focuses on ticks (although tick-borne pathogens creep in) and whether or not changes in climate affect the tick biosphere, from physiology to ecology. Section 3 on "Disease" focuses on the tick-host-pathogen biosphere, ranging from the triangle of tick-host-pathogen molecular interactions to disease ecology in various regions and ecosystems of the world. Each of these three sections ends with a synopsis that aims to give a brief overview of all the expert opinions within the section. The book concludes with Section 4 (Final Synopsis and Future Predictions). This synopsis attempts to summarize evidence provided by the experts of tangible impacts of climate change on ticks and tick-borne infections. In constructing their expert opinions, contributors give their views on what the future might hold. The final synopsis provides a snapshot of their expert thoughts on the future.

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Book chapters on the topic "Spatial Ecosystems"

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James, Patrick M. A., and Marie-Josée Fortin. "Ecosystems ecosystem and Spatial Patterns ecosystem spatial patterns." In Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, 3326–42. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3_227.

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James, Patrick M. A., and Marie-Josée Fortin. "Ecosystems and Spatial Patterns." In Ecological Systems, 101–24. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5755-8_7.

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Öhman, Karin. "Spatial Optimisation in Forest Planning." In Managing Forest Ecosystems, 153–72. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9906-1_7.

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Chown, Steven L., and Peter Convey. "Spatial and Temporal Variability in Terrestrial Antarctic Biodiversity." In Antarctic Ecosystems, 11–43. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444347241.ch1.

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Murphy, E. J., J. L. Watkins, P. N. Trathan, K. Reid, M. P. Meredith, S. L. Hill, S. E. Thorpe, et al. "Spatial and Temporal Operation of the Scotia Sea Ecosystem." In Antarctic Ecosystems, 160–212. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444347241.ch6.

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Kumari, Anuradha, Rahul Harshawardhan, Jyoti Kushawaha, and Ipsita Nandi. "Spatial Identification of Vulnerable Coastal Ecosystems for Emerging Pollutants." In Coastal Ecosystems, 359–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84255-0_15.

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Leefers, Larry A., Eric J. Gustafson, and Phillip Freeman. "Linking Temporal-Optimization and Spatial-Simulation Models for Forest Planning." In Managing Forest Ecosystems, 165–73. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0307-9_18.

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Karnatak, Harish, and Arijit Roy. "Himalayan Spatial Biodiversity Information System." In Remote Sensing of Northwest Himalayan Ecosystems, 237–49. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2128-3_10.

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Kannen, Andreas. "Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) in the Context of Spatial Planning." In Baltic Coastal Ecosystems, 193–203. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04769-9_15.

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Pauleit, Stephan. "What Are the Relationships Between the Spatial Urban Structure and the Ecological Characteristics of the City?" In Urban Ecosystems, 41–77. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-63279-6_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Spatial Ecosystems"

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Carniel, Anderson Chaves. "Spatial Information Retrieval in Digital Ecosystems." In MEDES '20: 12th International Conference on Management of Digital EcoSystems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3415958.3433038.

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Anzengruber, Bernhard, Alois Ferscha, Andreas Riener, and Thomas Schmittner. "Self-Adaptive Response in Spatial Information Ecosystems." In 2012 IEEE Conference on Self-Adaptive and Self-Organizing Systems Workshops (SASOW). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sasow.2012.44.

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Raharivelo, Sitraka Oliva, and Jean-Pierre Müller. "Modeling Institutions in Socio-Ecosystems." In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/688.

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In socio-ecosystems, human activities are structured in time and space by interactions between different regulatory systems with different collective goals. These regulatory systems are modeled by institutions and organizations, and the regulatory mechanisms by norms applied to agents in Multi-Agent Systems (MAS). However, little is said about sharing resources, space and time. In particular, temporal and spatial expressivity is often limited in MAS for institutions and norms. This research proposes an institutional MAS model capable of representing multiple institutions and norms in the socio-ecosystem, in order to account for the multiplicity of interactions through agents, resources, space and time. We propose an extension of Descriptive Logic for the description of institutions and norms, and use Allen's algebra and the RCC8 to represent time and space. The resulting model allows us to know the norms applicable to an agent located socially, spatially and temporally.

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Villalba, Cynthia, Alberto Rosi, Mirko Viroli, and Franco Zambonelli. "Nature-Inspired Spatial Metaphors for Pervasive Service Ecosystems." In 2008 Second IEEE International Conference on Self-Adaptive and Self-Organizing Systems Workshops. SASOW 2008. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sasow.2008.47.

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Shkarupeta, Elena, Andrey Safronov, Diana Savon, and Dina Borisova. "Technological Development of Innovation Ecosystems in Conditions of Digital and Human-Centric Economy." In 3rd International Conference Spatial Development of Territories (SDT 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.210710.050.

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Ibarrola-Ulzurrun, Edurne, Consuelo Gonzalo-Martín, and Francisco Javier Marcello-Ruiz. "Vulnerable land ecosystems classification using spatial context and spectral indices." In Earth Resources and Environmental Remote Sensing/GIS Applications, edited by Ulrich Michel and Karsten Schulz. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2278496.

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Medinets, V., Ye Gazyetov, E. Cherkez, S. Snihirov, S. Medinets, N. Kovalova, T. Kozlova, and O. Konareva. "Geomorphological research as basis for spatial integrated marine ecosystems monitoring." In XIV International Scientific Conference “Monitoring of Geological Processes and Ecological Condition of the Environment”. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202056059.

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Cioca, Marius, Lucian-Ionel Cioca, and Sabin-Corneliu Buraga. "Spatial [Elements] Decision Support System Used in Disaster Management." In 2007 Inaugural IEEE-IES Digital EcoSystems and Technologies Conference. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dest.2007.372045.

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Jenerowicz, Agnieszka, Katarzyna Siok, Malgorzata Woroszkiewicz, and Agata Orych. "The fusion of satellite and UAV data: simulation of high spatial resolution band." In Remote Sensing for Agriculture, Ecosystems, and Hydrology, edited by Christopher M. Neale and Antonino Maltese. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2278669.

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Athanasiou, Nikolaos, Michael Vassilakopoulos, Antonio Corral, and Yannis Manolopoulos. "Use-based Optimization of Spatial Access Methods." In MEDES '17: The 9th International Conference on Management of Digital EcoSystems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3167020.3167030.

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Reports on the topic "Spatial Ecosystems"

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Keane, Robert E., Kathy Gray, and Valentina Bacciu. Spatial variability of wildland fuel characteristics in northern Rocky Mountain ecosystems. Ft. Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rmrs-rp-98.

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Leis, Sherry, Mike DeBacker, Lloyd Morrison, Gareth Rowell, and Jennifer Haack. Vegetation community monitoring protocol for the Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network: Narrative, Version 4.0. Edited by Tani Hubbard. National Park Service, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294948.

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Native and restored plant communities are part of the foundation of park ecosystems and provide a natural context to cultural and historical events in parks throughout the Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network (HTLN). Vegetation communities across the HTLN are primarily of three types: prairie, woodland, and forest. Park resource managers need an eﬀective plant community monitoring protocol to guide the development and adaptation of management strategies for maintaining and/or restoring composition and structure of prairies, woodland, and forest communities. Our monitoring design attempts to balance the needs of managers for current information and the need for insight into the changes occurring in vegetation communities over time. This monitoring protocol consists of a protocol narrative (this document) and 18 standard operating procedures (SOPs) for monitoring plant communities in HTLN parks. The scientiﬁc objectives of HTLN plant community monitoring are to (1) describe the species composition, structure, and diversity of prairie, woodland, and forested communities; (2) determine temporal changes in the species composition, structure and diversity of prairie, woodland, and forested communities; and (3) determine the relationship between temporal and spatial changes and environmental variables, including speciﬁc management practices where possible. This protocol narrative describes the sampling design for plant communities, including the response design (data collection methods), spatial design (distribution of sampling sites within a park), and revisit design (timing and frequency of monitoring visits). Details can be found in the SOPs, which are listed in the Revision History section and available at the Integrated Resource Management Applications (IRMA) website (irma.nps.gov). Other aspects of the protocol summarized in the narrative include procedures for data management and reporting, personnel and operating requirements, and instructions for how to revise the protocol.

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Bowles, David, Michael Williams, Hope Dodd, Lloyd Morrison, Janice Hinsey, Tyler Cribbs, Gareth Rowell, Michael DeBacker, Jennifer Haack-Gaynor, and Jeffrey Williams. Protocol for monitoring aquatic invertebrates of small streams in the Heartland Inventory & Monitoring Network: Version 2.1. National Park Service, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2284622.

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The Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network (HTLN) is a component of the National Park Service’s (NPS) strategy to improve park management through greater reliance on scientific information. The purposes of this program are to design and implement long-term ecological monitoring and provide information for park managers to evaluate the integrity of park ecosystems and better understand ecosystem processes. Concerns over declining surface water quality have led to the development of various monitoring approaches to assess stream water quality. Freshwater streams in network parks are threatened by numerous stressors, most of which originate outside park boundaries. Stream condition and ecosystem health are dependent on processes occurring in the entire watershed as well as riparian and floodplain areas; therefore, they cannot be manipulated independently of this interrelationship. Land use activities—such as timber management, landfills, grazing, confined animal feeding operations, urbanization, stream channelization, removal of riparian vegetation and gravel, and mineral and metals mining—threaten stream quality. Accordingly, the framework for this aquatic monitoring is directed towards maintaining the ecological integrity of the streams in those parks. Invertebrates are an important tool for understanding and detecting changes in ecosystem integrity, and they can be used to reflect cumulative impacts that cannot otherwise be detected through traditional water quality monitoring. The broad diversity of invertebrate species occurring in aquatic systems similarly demonstrates a broad range of responses to different environmental stressors. Benthic invertebrates are sensitive to the wide variety of impacts that influence Ozark streams. Benthic invertebrate community structure can be quantified to reflect stream integrity in several ways, including the absence of pollution sensitive taxa, dominance by a particular taxon combined with low overall taxa richness, or appreciable shifts in community composition relative to reference condition. Furthermore, changes in the diversity and community structure of benthic invertebrates are relatively simple to communicate to resource managers and the public. To assess the natural and anthropo-genic processes influencing invertebrate communities, this protocol has been designed to incorporate the spatial relationship of benthic invertebrates with their local habitat including substrate size and embeddedness, and water quality parameters (temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, specific conductance, and turbidity). Rigid quality control and quality assurance are used to ensure maximum data integrity. Detailed standard operating procedures (SOPs) and supporting information are associated with this protocol.

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Schiele, K. S., A. Darr, R. Pesch, B. Schuchardt, and C. Kuhmann. Habitat mapping towards an ecosystem approach in marine spatial planning. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/305926.

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Kehm, G. North American Boreal Terrestrial Ecosystem Biomass: A Spatial Data Review. Wildlife Conservation Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19121/2020.report.39461.

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Keane, Robert E., Matthew G. Rollins, Cecilia H. McNicoll, and Russell A. Parsons. Integrating ecosystem sampling, gradient modeling, remote sensing, and ecosystem simulation to create spatially explicit landscape inventories. Ft. Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rmrs-gtr-92.

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Grehan, A. J., and J M Roberts. ATLAS: a trans-Atlantic assessment and deep-water ecosystem-based spatial management plan for Europe. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/305851.

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Williamson, Derek G. Assessment of Meteorological, Seasonal, & Land Management Influences on Spatial Representativeness & Ecosystem-Level Scaling. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/962191.

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Segre, Daniel. An open source platform for multi-scale spatially distributed simulations of microbial ecosystems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1228383.

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Peters, Jan. Plant diversity patterns at different spatial scales in a semi-arid savanna ecosystem in central Namibia. BEE-Press, October 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.7809/thesis.diplom.003.

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