Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / Spatial diversity / Journal articles

Journal articles on the topic 'Spatial diversity'

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Spatial diversity.

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 January 2023

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Spatial diversity.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Saxer, Gerda, Michael Doebeli, and Michael Travisano. "Spatial structure leads to ecological breakdown and loss of diversity." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 276, no. 1664 (March 4, 2009): 2065–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2008.1827.

Full text

Abstract:

Spatial structure has been identified as a major contributor to the maintenance of diversity. Here, we show that the impact of spatial structure on diversity is strongly affected by the ecological mechanisms maintaining diversity. In well-mixed, unstructured environments, microbial populations can diversify by production of metabolites during growth, providing additional resources for novel specialists. By contrast, spatially structured environments potentially limit such facilitation due to reduced metabolite diffusion. Using replicate microcosms containing the bacterium Escherichia coli , we predicted the loss of diversity during an environmental shift from a spatially unstructured environment to spatially structured conditions. Although spatial structure is frequently observed to be a major promoter of diversity, our results indicate that it can also have negative impacts on diversity.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Vogt, Nina. "Mapping spatial diversity." Nature Methods 17, no. 5 (May 2020): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41592-020-0838-4.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Anooshian, Linda J. "Diversity within Spatial Cognition." Environment and Behavior 28, no. 4 (July 1996): 471–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013916596284003.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Coutinho, Thamara Carvalho, Telles Timóteo Da Silva, and Gustavo Leal Toledo. "Recombination and Genetic Diversity." TEMA (São Carlos) 13, no. 3 (December 22, 2012): 265–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5540/tema.2013.013.03.0265.

Full text

Abstract:

In this paper we present a spatial stochastic model for genetic recombination, that answers if diversity is preserved in an infinite population of recombinating individuals distributed spatially. We show that, for finite times, recombination may maintain all the various potential different types, but when time grows infinitely, the diversity of individuals extinguishes off. So under the model premisses, recombination and spatial localization alone are not enough to explain diversity in a population. Further we discuss an application of the model to a controversy regarding the diversity of "Major Histocompatibility Complex" (MHC).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Xu, Xu, Xu-Dong Gou, Sui Wan, Hang-Yu Liu, Hai-Bo Wei, Jian-Rong Liu, Jia-Hui Ding, et al. "Anomozamites (Bennettitales) in China: species diversity and temporo-spatial distribution." Palaeontographica Abteilung B 300, no. 1-6 (December 12, 2019): 21–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/palb/2019/0067.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

He, Tao, and Zheng-ou Zhou. "Modulation Classification Using Spatial Diversity." Journal of Electronics & Information Technology 30, no. 4 (March 11, 2011): 872–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1146.2006.01398.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Wang, Lei, Zhigang Chen, Zhengwei Gong, and Ming Wu. "Diversity-Achieving Quadrature Spatial Modulation." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 66, no. 12 (December 2017): 10764–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2017.2731989.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Bateman, John, Stefano Borgo, Klaus Lüttich, Claudio Masolo, and Till Mossakowski. "Ontological Modularity and Spatial Diversity." Spatial Cognition & Computation 7, no. 1 (January 2007): 97–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13875860701337991.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Morlon, Hélène, Dylan W. Schwilk, Jessica A. Bryant, Pablo A. Marquet, Anthony G. Rebelo, Catherine Tauss, Brendan J. M. Bohannan, and Jessica L. Green. "Spatial patterns of phylogenetic diversity." Ecology Letters 14, no. 2 (December 20, 2010): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01563.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Soares, Caio J. R. S., Mauricio B. Sampaio, Francisco S. Santos-Filho, Fernando R. Martins, and Flavio A. M. dos Santos. "Patterns of species diversity in different spatial scales and spatial heterogeneity on beta diversity." Acta Botanica Brasilica 34, no. 1 (March 2020): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-33062019abb0054.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Larsson, E. G. "On the Combination of Spatial Diversity and Multiuser Diversity." IEEE Communications Letters 8, no. 8 (August 2004): 517–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2004.833808.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Arribas-Bel, Daniel, and Jessie Bakens. "Spatial dynamics of cultural diversity in the Netherlands." Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 45, no. 6 (July 6, 2018): 1142–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399808318783748.

Full text

Abstract:

In this paper, we analyse the spatial dimension of changing ethnic diversity at the neighbourhood level. Drawing from recent work on income convergence, we characterise the evolution of population diversity in the Netherlands over space. Our analysis is structured over three dimensions, which allow us to find clear spatial patterns in how cultural diversity changes at the neighbourhood level. Globally, we use directional statistics to visualise techniques of exploratory data analysis, finding a clear trend towards ‘spatially integrated change’: a situation where the trajectory of ethnic change in a neighbourhood is closely related to that in adjacent neighbourhoods. When we zoom into the local level, a visualisation of recent measures of local concordance allows us to document a high degree of spatial heterogeneity in how the overall change is distributed over space. Finally, to further explore the nature and characteristics of neighbourhoods that experience the largest amount of change, we develop a spatial, multilevel model. Our results show that the largest cities, as well as those at the boundaries with Belgium and Germany, with the most diverse neighbourhoods, have large clusters of stable neighbourhood diversity over time, while concentrations of high dynamic areas are nearby these largest cities. The analysis shows that neighbourhood diversity spatially ‘spills over’, gradually expanding outside traditionally diverse areas.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Lagunas, M. A., A. I. Perez Neira, M. G. Amin, and J. Vidal. "Spatial processing for frequency diversity schemes." IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 48, no. 2 (2000): 353–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/78.823963.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Prior, Ian A. "Spatial diversity: Ras trafficking and signalling." Biochemist 25, no. 3 (June 1, 2003): 22–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bio02503022.

Full text

Abstract:

Ras proteins are small monomeric G-proteins that play a central role in linking extracellular stimuli with the internal kinase cascades that are primarily involved in modulating cell proliferation and differentiation. Constitutively activated mutants of these proteins are found in many human cancers. Differences in the trafficking and plasma membrane localization of Ras isoforms play critical roles in regulating their function. New research is trying to understand the mechanisms behind, and consequences of, these differences.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Barton, Philip S., Saul A. Cunningham, Adrian D. Manning, Heloise Gibb, David B. Lindenmayer, and Raphael K. Didham. "The spatial scaling of beta diversity." Global Ecology and Biogeography 22, no. 6 (December 28, 2012): 639–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/geb.12031.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Jiménez, Iván, and Robert E. Ricklefs. "Diversity anomalies and spatial climate heterogeneity." Global Ecology and Biogeography 23, no. 9 (May 7, 2014): 988–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/geb.12181.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Green, Jessica L., Andrew J. Holmes, Mark Westoby, Ian Oliver, David Briscoe, Mark Dangerfield, Michael Gillings, and Andrew J. Beattie. "Spatial scaling of microbial eukaryote diversity." Nature 432, no. 7018 (December 2004): 747–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature03034.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Liao, W. J., S. H. Chang, and W. H. Lee. "Beam Scanning Array Using Spatial Diversity." Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications 25, no. 4 (January 2011): 481–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156939311794500232.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Malyshev, Leonid I., Konstantin S. Balkov, and Vladimir M. Doronkin. "Spatial diversity of the Siberian flora." Flora 194, no. 4 (November 1999): 357–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0367-2530(17)30927-1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Komornicki, Tomasz, and Barbara Szejgiec. "Spatial diversity of Polish export linkages." Geographia Polonica 88, no. 1 (2015): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.7163/gpol.0011.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Nilsen, Lennart, Geir Arnesen, Daniel Joly, and Eirik Malnes. "Spatial modelling of Arctic plant diversity." Biodiversity 14, no. 1 (March 2013): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14888386.2012.717008.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Graz, Friedrich Patrick. "Spatial Diversity of Dry Savanna Woodlands." Biodiversity and Conservation 15, no. 4 (April 2006): 1143–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-004-3105-6.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Shin, Yong-Sun, and Seong-Ook Park. "Spatial diversity antenna for WLAN application." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 49, no. 6 (2007): 1290–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.22414.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Melo, Thaís X., and Elvio S. F. Medeiros. "Spatial Distribution of Zooplankton Diversity across Temporary Pools in a Semiarid Intermittent River." International Journal of Biodiversity 2013 (June 12, 2013): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/946361.

Full text

Abstract:

This study describes the richness and density of zooplankton across temporary pools in an intermittent river of semiarid Brazil and evaluates the partitioning of diversity across different spatial scales during the wet and dry periods. Given the highly patchy nature of these pools it is hypothesized that the diversity is not homogeneously distributed across different spatial scales but concentrated at lower levels. The plankton fauna was composed of 37 species. Of these 28 were Rotifera, 5 were Cladocera, and 4 were Copepoda (nauplii of Copepoda were also recorded). We showed that the zooplankton presents a spatially segregated pattern of species composition across river reaches and that at low spatial scales (among pools or different habitats within pools) the diversity of species is likely to be affected by temporal changes in physical and chemical characteristics. As a consequence of the drying of pool habitats, the spatial heterogeneity within the study river reaches has the potential to increase β diversity during the dry season by creating patchier assemblages. This spatial segregation in community composition and the patterns of partition of the diversity across the spatial scales leads to a higher total diversity in intermittent streams, compared to less variable environments.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

NOWAK, Paulina. "Development of the information society in Poland, taking into account spatial diversity." Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology. Organization and Management Series 2020, no. 146 (2020): 315–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.29119/1641-3466.2020.146.24.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose: A feature of the information society is the widespread use of information and communication technologies in both business processes and everyday life. The condition for the universality of these solutions is to ensure access to high quality information and communication technologies throughout the country. The aim of the article is to assess the availability and use of information and communication technologies in the voivodeships of Poland. Design/methodology/approach: The methodology of the article is based on descriptive analysis of the information society in Poland. The scope of the considerations concerns the spatial diversity in the availability of information and communication technologies in Poland from the perspective of citizens and businesses per voivodeship. The research used secondary data made available by the Statistics Poland, including the Local Data Bank, Eurostat and the Digital Agenda for Europe. Due to the availability of comparable statistics, 2015 and 2019 were analyzed. Findings: The level of development of the information society in Poland systematically increases. However, Poland is among the countries with the lowest rate of digital economy in the EU. The development of online services comes out as the best developed, while the telecommunication infrastructure falls at the other end of the spectrum. The analysis of selected data concerning the development of the information society in Polish voivodeships indicates that there are differences in the access of the communities of individual regions to high quality information and communication technologies. In particular, inequalities in access to and use of broadband Internet were found. The diversity, which can be described as a digital divide, is particularly characteristic in the relationship between Western Poland and Eastern Poland and is evident in the use of eGovernment services. Social implications: The existence of spatial diversity may affect the implementation of the development priorities of the country and the EU. Public administration is in the period of transition from the traditional way of dealing with the matters of citizens and enterprises to modern — electronic implementation of public services, which requires the state not only to provide access to modern technologies, but also to invest in digital skills of administration employees and society. Originality/value: The results of the conducted analysis may provide guidance for national and regional economic policy entities in terms of shaping forms of public support for development of information and communication technologies in the next development programming perspectives.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Pettersson, Susanne, and Martin Nilsson Jacobi. "Spatial heterogeneity enhance robustness of large multi-species ecosystems." PLOS Computational Biology 17, no. 10 (October 27, 2021): e1008899. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008899.

Full text

Abstract:

Understanding ecosystem stability and functioning is a long-standing goal in theoretical ecology, with one of the main tools being dynamical modelling of species abundances. With the help of spatially unresolved (well-mixed) population models and equilibrium dynamics, limits to stability and regions of various ecosystem robustness have been extensively mapped in terms of diversity (number of species), types of interactions, interaction strengths, varying interaction networks (for example plant-pollinator, food-web) and varying structures of these networks. Although many insights have been gained, the impact of spatial extension is not included in this body of knowledge. Recent studies of spatially explicit modelling on the other hand have shown that stability limits can be crossed and diversity increased for systems with spatial heterogeneity in species interactions and/or chaotic dynamics. Here we show that such crossing and diversity increase can appear under less strict conditions. We find that the mere possibility of varying species abundances at different spatial locations make possible the preservation or increase in diversity across previous boundaries thought to mark catastrophic transitions. In addition, we introduce and make explicit a multitude of different dynamics a spatially extended complex system can use to stabilise. This expanded stabilising repertoire of dynamics is largest at intermediate levels of dispersal. Thus we find that spatially extended systems with intermediate dispersal are more robust, in general have higher diversity and can stabilise beyond previous stability boundaries, in contrast to well-mixed systems.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

NUKAZAWA, Kei, So KAZAMA, and Kozo WATANABE. "PREDICTION OF SPATIAL GENETIC DIVERSITY DISTRIBUTION FROM HSI BASED SPECIES DIVERSITY." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B1 (Hydraulic Engineering) 69, no. 4 (2013): I_1303—I_1308. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscejhe.69.i_1303.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Koohestani, Mohsen, Ahmed Hussain, Antonio A. Moreira, and Anja K. Skrivervik. "Diversity Gain Influenced by Polarization and Spatial Diversity Techniques in Ultrawideband." IEEE Access 3 (2015): 281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2015.2421505.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Zhou, Shenghua, Hongwei Liu, Yongbo Zhao, and Liangbing Hu. "Target spatial and frequency scattering diversity property for diversity MIMO radar." Signal Processing 91, no. 2 (February 2011): 269–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sigpro.2010.07.004.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Mushet, David M., Matthew J. Solensky, and Shay F. Erickson. "Temporal gamma-diversity meets spatial alpha-diversity in dynamically varying ecosystems." Biodiversity and Conservation 28, no. 7 (April 4, 2019): 1783–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-019-01756-1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Sharma, Akanksha, Lavish Kansal, and Gurjot Singh. "ANALYSIS OF WiMAX SYSTEM AUGMENTED WITH SPATIAL MULTIPLEXING AND SPATIAL DIVERSITY." Far East Journal of Electronics and Communications 17, no. 6 (December 26, 2017): 1421–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17654/ec017061421.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Defossez, Emmanuel, Camille Pitteloud, Patrice Descombes, Gaétan Glauser, Pierre-Marie Allard, Tom W. N. Walker, Pilar Fernandez-Conradi, Jean-Luc Wolfender, Loïc Pellissier, and Sergio Rasmann. "Spatial and evolutionary predictability of phytochemical diversity." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 3 (January 11, 2021): e2013344118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2013344118.

Full text

Abstract:

To cope with environmental challenges, plants produce a wide diversity of phytochemicals, which are also the source of numerous medicines. Despite decades of research in chemical ecology, we still lack an understanding of the organization of plant chemical diversity across species and ecosystems. To address this challenge, we hypothesized that molecular diversity is not only related to species diversity, but also constrained by trophic, climatic, and topographical factors. We screened the metabolome of 416 vascular plant species encompassing the entire alpine elevation range and four alpine bioclimatic regions in order to characterize their phytochemical diversity. We show that by coupling phylogenetic information, topographic, edaphic, and climatic variables, we predict phytochemical diversity, and its inherent composition, of plant communities throughout landscape. Spatial mapping of phytochemical diversity further revealed that plant assemblages found in low to midelevation habitats, with more alkaline soils, possessed greater phytochemical diversity, whereas alpine habitats possessed higher phytochemical endemism. Altogether, we present a general tool that can be used for predicting hotspots of phytochemical diversity in the landscape, independently of plant species taxonomic identity. Such an approach offers promising perspectives in both drug discovery programs and conservation efforts worldwide.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Man, Rongzhou, and Hua Yang. "Construction of neighbourhood diversity indices with stem mapping data." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 45, no. 8 (August 2015): 1137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2015-0108.

Full text

Abstract:

Typical use of diversity indices in forest stands does not reflect within-stand variation in species and structure. Despite numerous efforts to design stand diversity indices that capture spatial variation in two- or three-dimensional space, the application of these indices is limited due to their complexity or lack of ecological relevance. In this research note, we illustrate the application of diversity indices at the neighbourhood scale using stem mapping data from a boreal mixedwood stand in northeastern Ontario, which was assessed before and after partial harvesting. Among the three diversity indices (Shannon species diversity, Shannon structural diversity by height class distribution, and structural diversity by height variation), neighbourhood structural diversity by height variation was less dependent on neighbourhood size (between 4 and 12 trees) and more sensitive to stand structural change than Shannon structural diversity by height class distribution. Despite general increases in Shannon species diversity and structural diversity by height variation at both stand and neighbourhood scales after the harvest — an indication of higher diversity — within-stand variation (coefficients of variation) in neighbourhood diversity values decreased, suggesting that residual stands were spatially more uniform after the harvest. Therefore, the neighbourhood diversity indices are useful for capturing spatial variation in species and structural diversity, especially in managed stands in which spatial distributions and patterns can be significantly modified by management interventions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Feng, Jian Meng. "Spatial Correlations among Total, Endemic, and Threatened Plant Diversity in Northwest Yunnan, China." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 814–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.814.

Full text

Abstract:

Located in Southwest China, Northwest Yunnan has drawn much attention around the world because of its high plant richness. However, spatial associations among different diversity measures of seed plants in this region remain elusive. We compiled a database of spatial distribution of total, endemic, and threatened seed plants at county scale in Northwest Yunnan, and examined spatial associations among the three diversity measures and altitudinal range. We found similar spatial patterns of the three diversity measures, which were highest in the northern part of the region. Moreover, strong correlations among the three diversity measures were observed. Altitudinal range was positively correlated with total and endemic species diversity, while endemic species diversity explained more spatial variation of threatened species diversity. The spatial patterns of all three diversity measures were directly or indirectly correlated with altitudinal range, suggesting strong associations among controlling factors of the three diversity measures. Overall, our results showed strong spatial correlations among total, endemic, and threatened plant diversity in Northwest Yunnan, which should help land managers design cost-effective conservation plans in this region.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Bertorelle, G., and G. Barbujani. "Analysis of DNA diversity by spatial autocorrelation." Genetics 140, no. 2 (June 1, 1995): 811–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/140.2.811.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Two statistics are proposed for summarizing spatial patterns of DNA diversity. These autocorrelation indices for DNA analysis, or AIDAs, can be applied to RFLP and sequence data; the resulting set of autocorrelation coefficients, or correlogram, measures whether, and to what extent, individual DNA sequences or haplotypes resemble the haplotypes sampled at arbitrarily chosen spatial distances. Analyses of computer-generated sets of data, and of RFLP data from two natural populations, show that AIDAs allow one to objectively and simply identify basic patterns in the spatial distribution of haplotypes. These statistics, therefore, seem to be a useful tool both to explore the genetic structure of a population and to suggest hypotheses on the evolutionary processes that shaped the observed patterns.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Hoang, Quang-Trung. "Distributed Spatial Modulation based Cooperative Diversity Scheme." International Journal of Wireless & Mobile Networks 10, no. 2 (April 30, 2018): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijwmn.2018.10203.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

ARYANTA, DWI, and RIENZY PRATAMA LONDONG ALLO. "Dynamic Spatial Diversity Combiner pada Kanal Fading." ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika 7, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 466. http://dx.doi.org/10.26760/elkomika.v7i3.466.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRAKKanal transmisi radio berkontribusi pada terjadinya efek fading yang dapat berpengaruh pada terjadinya penurunan kualitas sinyal pada penerima. Salah satu solusi yang digunakan untuk menekan efek fading adalah penggunaan Spatial Diversity di sisi penerima. Pada penelitian ini digunakan suatu teknik Dynamic Spatial Diversity Combining yang memadukan Selection Combining, Equal Gain Combining, dan Maximal Ratio Combining untuk mendapatkan kinerja combiner yang lebih efektif dan efisien. Simulasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan modulasi BPSK pada beberapa jenis kanal yaitu Rayleigh, Rician, Nakagami-m, Weibull, dan Suzuki. Hasil simulasi MATLAB menunjukkan bahwa secara umum kanal yang mendapatkan perbaikan kinerja penerimaan, dimana nilai terendah sebesar 2 dB terjadi pada kanal Suzuki dan tertinggi sebesar 4 dB pada kanal Weibull.Kata kunci: fading, spatial diversity, rayleigh, rician, weibull, nakagami, suzuki. ABSTRACTRadio transmission channels contribute to the occurrence of fading effects that can affect the decrease in signal quality at the receiver. One solution that is used to suppress fading effects is the use of Spatial Diversity on the receiving side. In this research, a Dynamic Spatial Diversity Combining technique is used which combines Selection Combining, Equal Gain Combining, and Maximal Ratio Combining to get a more effective and efficient combiner performance. Simulation is done using BPSK modulation on several types of canals, namely Rayleigh, Rician, Nakagamim, Weibull, and Suzuki. The MATLAB simulation results show that in general canals that get improved performance, where the lowest value of 2 dB occurs on the Suzuki channel and the highest is 4 dB on the Weibull canal.Keywords: fading, spatial diversity, rayleigh, rician, weibull, nakagami, suzuki.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Podogrodzka, Małgorzata. "Spatial diversity of demographic aging in Poland." Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician 61, no. 2 (February 29, 2016): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0915.

Full text

Abstract:

In the assessment of the demographic age and ageing a lot of measures are being exploited. Among the most commonly used may be mentioned those which express the relationship between the number of people in two age groups (the elderly and the general population or younger age group). Rarely are used such measures, which take into account all the age structure of the population. The article presents a new method to analyze spatial diversity of the population age structure using the method of agglomeration with the Euclidean metric. The test objects were the voivodships (provinces), and the explanatory variables were five-year age groups (20 variables). In addition, a hypothetical business was introduced, which has a regressive age structure. Its introduction allowed for an evaluation of how the test regions differ not only among themselves, but also how far they deviate from the pattern of development of the Polish population. Considerations were conducted separately for men and women and the 1991, 2001, 2011.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Kaczmarek, Mirosława. "Spatial diversity of poverty symptoms in Poland." Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician 61, no. 8 (August 29, 2016): 18–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1061.

Full text

Abstract:

The article presents the results of the clustering voivodships based on variables characterizing the phenomenon of poverty. The analysis is based on data available in the CSO’s Local Data Bank. The selection of diagnostic features was made on the basis of the coefficients of variation and Pearson’s r correlation coefficient. The grouping of voivodships was made using the k-means method. There were created four categories of voivodships differing in the symptoms of poverty. In order to answer the question whether the changes in the symptoms of poverty are taking place on the map of Poland, an analysis was conducted in two periods: for 2013 and 2008.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Kobylińska, Małgorzata. "Spatial Diversity of Organic Farming in Poland." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 19, 2021): 9335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169335.

Full text

Abstract:

Economic development requires following the principles of sustainable development for the socio-economic progress of a country. The organic farming sector is important in ensuring sustainable development. The advancement of organic farming is an important issue which combines the environment, human health and socio-economic development. It is a management method that facilitates supplying high-quality food products and aims at eliminating the use of artificial fertilisers and pesticides. Organic farming has a beneficial impact on natural environmental protection, biodiversity conservation and food safety and quality improvement. The natural conditions in a region have a decisive impact on organic farming development. The purpose of this study is to assess the spatial diversity of organic farming and selected organic crop production in Poland by voivodship in 2013 and 2018. The statistical analysis of organic farming spatial diversity was conducted in a one- and two-dimensional approach. The analysis conducted made it possible to identify four clusters of voivodships based on the production volume of selected organic crops using the k-means algorithm. Graphs of observation depth contours in a sample were used to visualise and to analyse the two-dimensional data. STATISTICA software and selected packages of the R environment, available under the GPL licence, were used in the analysis. The analysis shows that the organic farm number and acreage in Poland is characterised by considerable variability between voivodships, with their noticeable concentration in several country regions. In the analysed years, organic farming was the most widespread in the Warmińsko-Mazurskie Voivodship and the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodship.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Dorocki, Sławomir. "Spatial Diversity of Biotechnology Centres in Germany." Quaestiones Geographicae 33, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 151–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/quageo-2014-0023.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Biotechnology is considered one of the key advanced technology sectors of the future. Its development is conditional on basic research in technologically advanced research institutes and appropriately qualified human resources. The optimum environment stimulating the development of biotechnology is that of production centres having joint industrial and R&D operations. The growth of this sector in Germany began later than in the USA or other West European countries. But, thanks to the regional policy pursued by the state stimulating the development of biotechnology clusters, in a period of fifteen years or so, Germany has become the global leader. This paper presents the process of developing biotechnology centres in Germany as well as their spatial distribution, accompanied by their short description.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Merrill, Steven C., and Robert I. Desourdis. "Spatial diversity in meteor scatter radio links." Radio Science 30, no. 3 (May 1995): 765–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/94rs03173.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Seol, Dae-Young, Tae-Won Yune, and Gi-Hong Im. "Primary network cognition with spatial diversity signature." IEEE Communications Letters 13, no. 5 (May 2009): 321–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2009.090340.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Qian Wen and J. A. Ritcey. "Spatial diversity equalization applied to underwater communications." IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering 19, no. 2 (April 1994): 227–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/48.286646.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Catipovic, J. A., and L. E. Freitag. "Spatial diversity processing for underwater acoustic telemetry." IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering 16, no. 1 (1991): 86–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/48.64888.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Palmer, James F., and Janneke Roos-Klein Lankhorst. "Evaluating visible spatial diversity in the landscape." Landscape and Urban Planning 43, no. 1-3 (December 1998): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-2046(98)00077-2.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Song, H. C., W. S. Hodgkiss, W. A. Kuperman, T. Akal, and M. Stevenson. "Spatial diversity in passive time reversal communications." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 119, no. 5 (May 2006): 3427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4786871.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Qin, Jiahu, Yaming Chen, Yu Kang, and Matjaž Perc. "Social diversity promotes cooperation in spatial multigames." EPL (Europhysics Letters) 118, no. 1 (April 1, 2017): 18002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/118/18002.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Peltonen, Mikko, Kari Heliövaara, Rauno Väisänen, and Jaakko Keronen. "Bark beetle diversity at different spatial scales." Ecography 21, no. 5 (October 1998): 510–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0587.1998.tb00442.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Song, H. C., W. S. Hodgkiss, W. A. Kuperman, W. J. Higley, K. Raghukumar, T. Akal, and M. Stevenson. "Spatial diversity in passive time reversal communications." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 120, no. 4 (October 2006): 2067–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2338286.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!