Relevant bibliographies by topics / Spatial diversity

Academic literature on the topic 'Spatial diversity'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Spatial diversity"

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Saxer, Gerda, Michael Doebeli, and Michael Travisano. "Spatial structure leads to ecological breakdown and loss of diversity." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 276, no. 1664 (March 4, 2009): 2065–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2008.1827.

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Spatial structure has been identified as a major contributor to the maintenance of diversity. Here, we show that the impact of spatial structure on diversity is strongly affected by the ecological mechanisms maintaining diversity. In well-mixed, unstructured environments, microbial populations can diversify by production of metabolites during growth, providing additional resources for novel specialists. By contrast, spatially structured environments potentially limit such facilitation due to reduced metabolite diffusion. Using replicate microcosms containing the bacterium Escherichia coli , we predicted the loss of diversity during an environmental shift from a spatially unstructured environment to spatially structured conditions. Although spatial structure is frequently observed to be a major promoter of diversity, our results indicate that it can also have negative impacts on diversity.
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Vogt, Nina. "Mapping spatial diversity." Nature Methods 17, no. 5 (May 2020): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41592-020-0838-4.

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Anooshian, Linda J. "Diversity within Spatial Cognition." Environment and Behavior 28, no. 4 (July 1996): 471–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013916596284003.

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Coutinho, Thamara Carvalho, Telles Timóteo Da Silva, and Gustavo Leal Toledo. "Recombination and Genetic Diversity." TEMA (São Carlos) 13, no. 3 (December 22, 2012): 265–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5540/tema.2013.013.03.0265.

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In this paper we present a spatial stochastic model for genetic recombination, that answers if diversity is preserved in an infinite population of recombinating individuals distributed spatially. We show that, for finite times, recombination may maintain all the various potential different types, but when time grows infinitely, the diversity of individuals extinguishes off. So under the model premisses, recombination and spatial localization alone are not enough to explain diversity in a population. Further we discuss an application of the model to a controversy regarding the diversity of "Major Histocompatibility Complex" (MHC).
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Xu, Xu, Xu-Dong Gou, Sui Wan, Hang-Yu Liu, Hai-Bo Wei, Jian-Rong Liu, Jia-Hui Ding, et al. "Anomozamites (Bennettitales) in China: species diversity and temporo-spatial distribution." Palaeontographica Abteilung B 300, no. 1-6 (December 12, 2019): 21–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/palb/2019/0067.

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He, Tao, and Zheng-ou Zhou. "Modulation Classification Using Spatial Diversity." Journal of Electronics & Information Technology 30, no. 4 (March 11, 2011): 872–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1146.2006.01398.

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Wang, Lei, Zhigang Chen, Zhengwei Gong, and Ming Wu. "Diversity-Achieving Quadrature Spatial Modulation." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 66, no. 12 (December 2017): 10764–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2017.2731989.

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Bateman, John, Stefano Borgo, Klaus Lüttich, Claudio Masolo, and Till Mossakowski. "Ontological Modularity and Spatial Diversity." Spatial Cognition & Computation 7, no. 1 (January 2007): 97–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13875860701337991.

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Morlon, Hélène, Dylan W. Schwilk, Jessica A. Bryant, Pablo A. Marquet, Anthony G. Rebelo, Catherine Tauss, Brendan J. M. Bohannan, and Jessica L. Green. "Spatial patterns of phylogenetic diversity." Ecology Letters 14, no. 2 (December 20, 2010): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01563.x.

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Soares, Caio J. R. S., Mauricio B. Sampaio, Francisco S. Santos-Filho, Fernando R. Martins, and Flavio A. M. dos Santos. "Patterns of species diversity in different spatial scales and spatial heterogeneity on beta diversity." Acta Botanica Brasilica 34, no. 1 (March 2020): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-33062019abb0054.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Spatial diversity"

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Suard, Bruno P. (Bruno Pierre). "Spatial diversity in cellular networks." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12757.

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García, Molina José Antonio. "GNSS Signal processing and spatial diversity exploitation." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668852.

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Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) signals are broadly used for positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) in many different applications and use cases, Athough different PNT technologies are available, GNSS is expected to be a key player in the derivation of positioning and timing for many future applications, including those in the context of the Internet of Things (IOT) or autonomous vehicles, since it has the imponant advantage of being open access and worldwide available. Indeed, GNSS is performing very well in mild propagation conditions, achieving position and time synchronization accuracies down to the cm and ns levels, respectively. Nevertheless, the exploitation of GNSS in harsh propagation conditions typical of urban and indoor scenarios is very challenging, resulting in position errors of up to tens or even hundreds of meters, and timing accuracies of hundreds of ns. This thesis deals with the processing of GNSS signals for positioning and timing in harsh propagation conditions. In particular, the focus is on signal processing techniques exploiting the spatial diversities present both at transmission and reception levels when multiple GNSS satellites are in view by multiple receiver antennas, which form a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system. In this context, three problems or research areas open in the GNSS literature are targeted. The first research area is the unambiguous estimation of and positioning with high-order binary offset carrier (BOC) signals. The second research area is the time synchronization in indoor conditions. And the third research area is the positioning with co-located and distributed receiver antennas. In the first research area, this thesis shows that the robust unambiguous positioning with high-order BOC signals in harsh propagation conditions is possible when jointly exploiting these signals in the position domain and taking advantage of the spatial diversity introduced by arrays of antennas. The proposed estimators introduce an important benefit with respect to singlesatellite-based unambiguous techniques (operating at pseudorange level) thanks to the processing gain introduced by the MIMO-GNSS system formed. Indeed, when multiple antennas are featured by the receiver, the proposed approach allows the exploitation of high-order BOC signals even in indoor conditions, achieving positioning accuracies of few meters in propagation conditions for which BPSK(I) signals can only achieve accuracies of tens of meters. In the second research area, this thesis proposes a joint time and channel estimation approach for static indoor GNSS receivers featuring an array of antennas in order to improve the timing accuracy in indoor propagation conditions. This approach exploits both the structure of the diffuse multipath components of the indoor channel and the MIMO system formed by all the GNSS signals received via an array of antennas, Simulation results with a wideband satellite-to-indoor channel model show that the proposed timing estimators allow an important mitigation of the dominant indoor multipath conditions. Finally, in the third research area, this thesis proposes the exploitation of co-located and distributed receiver antennas for positioning in harsh propagation conditions. In order to improve the performance achieved with co-located antennas, a distributed array processing approach for collaborative GNSS-based snapshot positioning is proposed in the MIMO-GNSS framework. In this solution, one of the receivers is used as anchor and a distributed array is formed, allowing to transform the positioning problem into an angle estimation problem in order to reduce the computational burden.
La señales transmitidas por los sistemas globales de navegación por satélite (Global Navigation Satellite Systems, GNSS) son comúnmente utilizadas para posicionamiento y sincronización en muchas y diversas aplicaciones. De hecho, se espera que los sistemas GNSS sean clave en futuras aplicaciones como el Internet de las cosas o los vehículos autónomos, ya que su uso es abierto, gratuito y global. No obstante, aunque las prestaciones que se pueden obtener con las señales GNSS son excelentes en condiciones de propagación favorables, la explotación de estas señales en condiciones más adversas típicas de entornos urbanos o de interior sigue siendo un problema complejo en la actualidad, Esta tesis aborda el procesado de señales GNSS para posicionamiento y sincronización en condiciones de propagación adversas, centrándose en la explotación de la diversidad espacial disponible cuando un array de antenas es utilizado para recibir las señales de varios satélites GNSS en vista. En concreto, esta tesis tiene como objetivo tres problemas o áreas de investigación abiertas en la literatura. La primera área de investigación trata la estimación no ambigua de la posición con señales BOC (Binary Offset Carrier) de alto orden. La segunda área de investigación se centra en el problema de sincronización basado en GNSS en entornos de interior. Y la tercera área de investigación aborda el problema de posicionamiento con arrays de antenas y arrays de receptores distribuidos.
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Ardrey, David, Gregory Gimler, and Mark Pippitt. "Spatial Diversity Combining Using Blind Estimation Techniques." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/596413.

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ITC/USA 2015 Conference Proceedings / The Fifty-First Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 26-29, 2015 / Bally's Hotel & Convention Center, Las Vegas, NV
This paper proposes a spatial diversity combining approach by which spatially diverse telemetry signals from multiple antennas are combined before they are demodulated. The combined signal is guaranteed to at least replicate and in many cases improve upon the performance of any single antenna. By taking advantage of blind channel estimation, the combined signal can be computed as a time varying weighted sum of digital I and Q samples from multiple antennas. Multiple antenna combining is enabled by improved computation capability, high speed network connectivity, and accurate clock synchronization. The algorithm will be demonstrated at the Reagan Test Site (RTS), whose modernization program encompasses multiple antenna sites with network capability and a state of the art software defined radio back end. This paper details the spatial diversity combining algorithm and discusses its merits and challenges. Index Terms - Telemetry, Reagan Test Site, blind estimation, multiple antenna combining, best source selection, spatial diversity combining.
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Jones, Haley M., and Haley Jones@anu edu au. "On multipath spatial diversity in wireless multiuser communications." The Australian National University. Research School of Information Sciences and Engineering, 2001. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20050202.152811.

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The study of the spatial aspects of multipath in wireless communications environments is an increasingly important addition to the study of the temporal aspects in the search for ways to increase the utilization of the available wireless channel capacity. Traditionally, multipath has been viewed as an encumbrance in wireless communications, two of the major impairments being signal fading and intersymbol interference. However, recently the potential advantages of the diversity offered by multipath rich environments in multiuser communications have been recognised. Space time coding, for example, is a recent technique which relies on a rich scattering environment to create many practically uncorrelated signal transmission channels. Most often, statistical models have been used to describe the multipath environments in such applications. This approach has met with reasonable success but is limited when the statistical nature of a field is not easily determined or is not readily described by a known distribution.¶ Our primary aim in this thesis is to probe further into the nature of multipath environments in order to gain a greater understanding of their characteristics and diversity potential. We highlight the shortcomings of beamforming in a multipath multiuser access environment. We show that the ability of a beamformer to resolve two or more signals in angle directly limits its achievable capacity.¶ We test the probity of multipath as a source of spatial diversity, the limiting case of which is co-located users. We introduce the concept of separability to define the fundamental limits of a receiver to extract the signal of a desired user from interfering users’ signals and noise. We consider the separability performances of the minimum mean square error (MMSE), decorrelating (DEC) and matched filter (MF) detectors as we bring the positions of a desired and an interfering user closer together. We show that both the MMSE and DEC detectors are able to achieve acceptable levels of separability with the users as close as λ/10.¶ In seeking a better understanding of the nature of multipath fields themselves, we take two approaches. In the first we take a path oriented approach. The effects on the variation of the field power of the relative values of parameters such as amplitude and propagation direction are considered for a two path field. The results are applied to a theoretical analysis of the behaviour of linear detectors in multipath fields. This approach is insightful for fields with small numbers of multipaths, but quickly becomes mathematically complex.¶ In a more general approach, we take a field oriented view, seeking to quantify the complexity of arbitrary fields. We find that a multipath field has an intrinsic dimensionality of (πe)R/λ≈8.54R/λ, for a field in a two dimensional circular region, increasing only linearly with the radius R of the region. This result implies that there is no such thing as an arbitrarily complicated multipath field. That is, a field generated by any number of nearfield and farfield, specular and diffuse multipath reflections is no more complicated than a field generated by a limited number of plane waves. As such, there are limits on how rich multipath can be. This result has significant implications including means: i) to determine a parsimonious parameterization for arbitrary multipath fields and ii) of synthesizing arbitrary multipath fields with arbitrarily located nearfield or farfield, spatially discrete or continuous sources. The theoretical results are corroborated by examples of multipath field analysis and synthesis.
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Baik, Eugene. "Iterative detection for overloaded OFDMA with spatial diversity." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/41254.

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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2006.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 81-85).
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems have built-in mechanisms to mitigate the effects of the wireless multipath channel but are limited in system capacity to available bandwidth. This shortcoming can be worked around through the process of "overloading," where users are additionally multiplexed in the spatial domain to each frequency resource. To efficiently resolve non-orthogonally multiplexed users within the system, sophisticated multiple antenna receivers with multiuser detection methods are necessary. The focus of this thesis will be the formulation of an iterative multiple antenna receiver framework for overloaded uplink OFDMA systems. Specifically, we formulate optimal MAP and reduced complexity MMSE symbol detection algorithms for the multiuser detection and single user decoding turbo loop. We verify the performance of each algorithm through Monte Carlo simulation with randomly generated multipath MIMO channels. From the results we determine the tradeoffs of algorithm complexity with performance and the effect of channel correlation on the supportable user load. Our MMSE algorithm with soft interference cancellation is observed to closely approach single user performance in low to moderately correlated MIMO channels after turbo loop iteration. Additionally, we observe that increasing the number of antennas relative to the number of overloaded users can mitigate the effects of moderate correlation to provide acceptable error performance.
by Eugene Baik.
M.Eng.
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Holter, Bengt. "Adaptive coded modulation in spatial and multiuser diversity systems." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1724.

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This thesis consists of five included papers plus an introduction. The majority of the papers are devoted to performance analysis of an adaptive coded modulation (ACM) scheme based on multidimensional trellis codes. Primarily, single-user systems exploiting spatial diversity are analysed, but results are also presented for a multiuser system exploiting multiuser diversity.

The performance of the ACMscheme is evaluated for slowly flat-fading channels. When spatial diversity is exploited at the receiver end only, the analysis is focused on two different combining techniques: maximum ratio combining (MRC) and switched combining. Amultiple-inputmultiple-output (MIMO) diversity system is also considered, in which case the combined effect of both transmit and receive diversity is realized by using space-time block coding at the transmitter.

For wireless systems using spatial diversity, it is of interest to employ measures which can capture and quantify the performance improvement related to a reduced fading level. In this thesis, ameasure called the amount of fading (AF) is used to characterize the behavior of the error rate curve at a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In particular, closed-form expressions for the AF at the output of a MIMO diversity system are provided, and it is shown that for a constant correlation model, the average symbol error probability at high SNRs may be expressed in terms of the AF.

Finally, a set of switched multiuser access schemes are proposed based on switched diversity algorithms originally devised to select between antennas in a spatial diversity system. ACM is used on each selected link to ensure a high spectral efficiency of the system.

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Kisel, Yael. "The spatial scale of speciation and patterns of diversity." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.528297.

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Williams, Ian E. "Channel Equalization and Spatial Diversity for Aeronautical Telemetry Applications." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/605946.

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ITC/USA 2010 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Sixth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 25-28, 2010 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, California
This work explores aeronautical telemetry communication performance with the SOQPSK- TG ARTM waveforms when frequency-selective multipath corrupts received information symbols. A multi-antenna equalization scheme is presented where each antenna's unique multipath channel is equalized using a pilot-aided optimal linear minimum mean-square error filter. Following independent channel equalization, a maximal ratio combining technique is used to generate a single receiver output for detection. This multi-antenna equalization process is shown to improve detection performance over maximal ratio combining alone.
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McInnes, Lynsey. "Spatial and temporal signatures of ecological constraints on diversity." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7081.

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Broad-scale diversity patterns are the outcome of ecological and evolutionary processes that permit different numbers of species to coexist in a region. Many studies have focused on understanding the factors that allow a region to contain more species or a clade to diversify more rapidly. In this thesis, I shift focus to instead explore the constraints that prevent biodiversity increasing unbounded, using a combination of phylogenetic and biogeographical approaches across a range of temporal and spatial scales. In chapter two, I investigate conservatism (i.e., the tendency for more closely related species to be more similar) in the extremes of climate tolerated by a species, assessing the hypothesis that tightly-conserved tolerances are influential in determining the range extents of the species. By using global data from two vertebrate classes and a range of climatic variables, I assess the taxonomic generality of this hypothesis and identify the most strongly conserved variables. In chapters three and four, I develop novel macroecological analyses of factors that may limit the extent of geographic ranges and apply them to Afrotropical birds (chapter three) and all continental mammals (chapter four). Chapter five assesses how the spatial distribution of range limits can be used to compare species’ relative abilities to occupy available landscape. In chapter six, I present new methods to detect signals of past changes to diversity limits in phylogenies, using simulations to explore the power of phylogenies to reveal such patterns of diversity-dependent cladogenesis. In addition to the main research chapters, I append a synthetic review, of which I am joint first author, exploring the evolutionary underpinnings of large-scale species-area relationships. This thesis builds links between the macroecology of species’ distributions with the dynamics of clades over macroevolutionary timescales to determine how geography, phylogeny and history interact in the generation and maintenance of large-scale biodiversity.
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Cumanan, Kanapathippillai. "Spatial diversity and optimization techniques for cognitive radio networks." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2009. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/10698.

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The explosive growth of wireless applications and high demand for wireless resources have created spectruIIl crisis. Many spectrnm occupancy measurements have shown that most of the allocated spectrum experiences inefficient utilization. Hence radically new approaches arc required for better utilization of spectrum. This has motivated the concept of opportunistic spectrum access in the licensed bands namely cogni ti ve radio technology. This intelligent wireless system has the potential to improve the spectrum utilization by enabling unlicensed users to access the licensed bands without disturbing the licensed users. In this thesis, spatial multiplexing techniques are studied for underlay cognitive radio networks where transmit beamformers arc designed to satisfy quality of service and interference constraints using convex optimization techniques. Robust schemes arc also proposed in the presence of imperfect channel state information at the basestation. To overcome the infeasibility issues encountered in the beamformer design, a joint resource allocation and admission control technique is proposed using the branch and bound optimi7, ation method. Finally, signal-to-interference and noise ratio (SINR) balancing techniques are developed for different types of interference constraints on the primary users using a max-min fairness approach. These SINR balancing techniques also solve the problem of infeasibility. The performance of all these new schemes has been verified using MATLAB simulation results.
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Books on the topic "Spatial diversity"

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Oindo, Boniface Oluoch. Spatial patterns of species diversity in Kenya. Enschede, Netherlands: International Institute for Aerospace Survey and Earth Sciences, 2001.

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K, Tiwari S. Zoogeography of Indian amphibians: Distribution, diversity, and spatial relationship. New Delhi: Today & Tomorrow's Printers & Publishers, 1991.

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Dutt, Ashok K., Allen G. Noble, Frank J. Costa, Sudhir K. Thakur, Rajiv Thakur, and Hari S. Sharma, eds. Spatial Diversity and Dynamics in Resources and Urban Development. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9771-9.

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Dutt, Ashok K., Allen G. Noble, Frank J. Costa, Rajiv R. Thakur, and Sudhir K. Thakur, eds. Spatial Diversity and Dynamics in Resources and Urban Development. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9786-3.

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Acharya, Bijnan. Forest biodiversity assessment: A spatial analysis of tree species diversity in Nepal. Enschede, Netherlands: International Institute for Aerospace Survey and Earth Sciences, 1999.

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Eisner, Wendy Rose. Climate change and spatial diversity of vegetation during the late Quaternary of Beringia. Utrecht: Koninklijk Nederlands Aardrijkskundig Genootschap, 1999.

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Development, United Nations Research Institute for Social. Inside megalopolis: Exploring social and spatial diversity of provisioning structures in Mexico City. New York: United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, 1990.

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Eisner, Wendy Rose. Climate change and spatial diversity of vegetation during the late quaternary of Beringia. Utrecht: Koninklijk Nederlands Aardrijkskundig Genootschap/Faculteit Ruimtelijke Wetenschappen Universiteit Utrecht, 1999.

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Alcántara, Cynthia Hewitt de. Inside Megalopolis: Exploring social and spatial diversity of provisioning structures in Mexico City. Geneva, Switzerland: UNRISD, 1990.

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Eisner, Wendy Rose. Climate change and spatial diversity of vegetation during the late Quaternary of Beringia. Utrecht: Koninklijk Nederlands Aardrijkskundig Genootschap, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Spatial diversity"

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Claramunt, Christophe. "A Spatial Form of Diversity." In Spatial Information Theory, 218–31. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11556114_14.

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Macrander, Ashley. "Spatial (In)Justice." In Diversity and Excellence in Higher Education, 71–90. Rotterdam: SensePublishers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6300-172-4_5.

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Vincent, Carol, Sarah Neal, and Humera Iqbal. "Extended Social and Spatial Encounters in Primary School Worlds." In Friendship and Diversity, 151–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73001-1_6.

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Wilding, L. P., and L. R. Drees. "Spatial Variability: A Pedologist's Viewpoint1." In Diversity of Soils in the Tropics, 1–12. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/asaspecpub34.c1.

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Kurtenbach, Sebastian. "Spatial Transnationalism: An analytical approach." In The New Diversity of Family Life in Europe, 29–43. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-17857-4_3.

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Sullivan, Susan L., Kerry J. Ressler, and Linda B. Buck. "Olfactory Receptor Family: Diversity and Spatial Patterning." In Olfaction and Taste XI, 127–31. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68355-1_55.

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Cruse, R. M., and D. L. Dinnes. "Spatial and Temporal Diversity in Production Fields." In Exploring the Role of Diversity in Sustainable Agriculture, 73–94. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Inc., Crop Science Society of America, Inc., Soil Science Society of America, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/1995.exploringroleofdiversity.c4.

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Xiao, Ningchuan. "Considering Diversity in Spatial Decision Support Systems." In GeoComputational Analysis and Modeling of Regional Systems, 23–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59511-5_3.

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Kourtit, Karima, and Peter Nijkamp. "Creativity and Diversity: Strategic Performance Management of High-Tech SMEs in Dutch Urban Areas." In Advances in Spatial Science, 143–76. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17940-2_8.

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Kalra, Rajrani, and Ashok K. Dutt. "Exploring Linguistic Diversity in India: A Spatial Analysis." In Handbook of the Changing World Language Map, 391–403. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02438-3_202.

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Conference papers on the topic "Spatial diversity"

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Yu, Ping, Jianzhong Mao, and Fuchun Huang. "Spatial Diversity-Achieving Quadrature Spatial Modulation." In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Automation, Electronics and Electrical Engineering (AUTEEE). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/auteee.2018.8720812.

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Zhao, Shuang, Hongwen Yang, and Hongkui Yang. "Single Antenna Spatial Diversity." In 2009 5th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wicom.2009.5302949.

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Tang, D., G. C. Zhang, and J. Y. Qin. "On the combination of spatial diversity and multiuser diversity under spatial correlation." In IEE Mobility Conference 2005. The Second International Conference on Mobile Technology, Applications and Systems. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mtas.2005.207156.

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Tang, D., G. C. Zhang, and J. Y. Qin. "On the combination of spatial diversity and multiuser diversity under spatial correlation." In IEE Mobility Conference 2005. The Second International Conference on Mobile Technology, Applications and Systems. IEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:20051483.

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Lu, Xin, and Jung Xu. "Novel multi-satellite transmit diversity schemes." In Second International Conference on Spatial Information Technology, edited by Cheng Wang, Shan Zhong, and Jiaolong Wei. SPIE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.772928.

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Bruno, W. M., R. Mangual, and R. F. Zarnpolin. "Diode Laser Spatial Diversity Transmitter." In OE/LASE '89, edited by Bernard D. Seery. SPIE, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.951292.

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Sibille, A. "Spatial diversity for UWB communications." In 5th European Personal Mobile Communications Conference 2003. IEE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:20030279.

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Sharma, Surbhi, and Rajesh Khanna. "Spatial Diversity with LDPC Codes." In 2008 IEEE Globecom Workshops. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/glocomw.2008.ecp.11.

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Yang, Sheng, and Jean-Claude Belfiore. "Distributed rotation recovers spatial diversity." In 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory - ISIT. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isit.2010.5513461.

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Suxia Cui, Yonghui Wang, and J. E. Flowler. "Combining phase-diversity with spatial-diversity multihypothesis motion compensation." In 48th Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2005. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwscas.2005.1594409.

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Reports on the topic "Spatial diversity"

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Johnson, Kenneth. The changing faces of New England: increasing spatial and racial diversity. University of New Hampshire Libraries, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.34051/p/2020.22.

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Guretzky, John A., and Kenneth J. Moore. Spatial Analysis of Species Diversity in Pastures Using GIS and GPS Technologies. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-2253.

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Peters, Jan. Plant diversity patterns at different spatial scales in a semi-arid savanna ecosystem in central Namibia. BEE-Press, October 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.7809/thesis.diplom.003.

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Torvikey, Gertrude Dzifa, and Fred Mawunyo Dzanku. In the Shadow of Industrial Companies: Class and Spatial Dynamics of Artisanal Palm Oil Processing in Rural Ghana. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2022.010.

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This paper is concerned with the multiple opportunities and challenges of artisanal palm oil processing and the potential multiplier effects on local economies. It examines the effect of the presence of large oil palm plantations and their industrial processing mills on artisanal palm oil processing in two districts in the Western region of Ghana. Although artisanal and industrial processors have co-existed for a long time in the same catchment areas, little is known about the impact of this relationship on artisanal processing. Acknowledging the importance of rural diversity, complexity, and difference in agriculture-based off-farm activities, this paper also examines the effect of community and household level factors on palm oil processing incidence and intensity as well as the impact of processing on food (in)security.
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Huynh, Diana N., and Johannes Lidmo. Nordic overview of national support initiatives in urban planning. Nordregio, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/pb2022:7.2001-3876.

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The Nordic countries share many cross-sectoral targets at the national level to meet ambitious environmental, social, sustainable, and innovative development goals and targets. However, in the context of spatial planning, central governments in the Nordic countries often have limited ability to influence local and regional level priorities. As the Nordic region seeks a greener, more competitive, and socially sustainable future, understanding the diversity of ongoing national interventions and mechanisms in local and regional land use and spatial planning is needed. The focus on Nordic national support initiatives is therefore to understand both the regulative and national support aspects (top-down) and the actual needs (bottom-up) to achieve national cross-sectoral targets as these relate to green and inclusive urban development. This policy brief presents a mapping of the relevant initiatives across the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden).
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Mitra, Sudeshna, Amlanjyoti Goswami, Deepika Jha, Sahil Sasidharan, Kaye Lushington, and Tsomo Wangchuk. Land Records Modernisation in India: Himachal Pradesh. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/9788195648504.

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This work provides an institutional, legal and policy review of crucial aspects of land records modernisation systems in Himachal Pradesh. A state characterised by hilly terrain, high forest cover and low urbanisation, Himachal Pradesh provides useful lessons to understand the robustness and diversity of land record administration systems. The property regimes that have historically developed in the state include customary rights, common property resources, jointly held rights, and multiple other use and possession arrangements. There is a restriction on who can transact properties in the state, aimed at preventing alienation of land. Settlement operations are conducted every 40 years, and often take a long time to complete, but have led to relatively more up-to-date records than some other states. There are also concerns regarding the accuracy of spatial records, and data mismatches between textual and spatial components of the existing record versus the new technology led survey data if often is a cause of disputes.
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Leis, Sherry, Mike DeBacker, Lloyd Morrison, Gareth Rowell, and Jennifer Haack. Vegetation community monitoring protocol for the Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network: Narrative, Version 4.0. Edited by Tani Hubbard. National Park Service, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294948.

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Native and restored plant communities are part of the foundation of park ecosystems and provide a natural context to cultural and historical events in parks throughout the Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network (HTLN). Vegetation communities across the HTLN are primarily of three types: prairie, woodland, and forest. Park resource managers need an effective plant community monitoring protocol to guide the development and adaptation of management strategies for maintaining and/or restoring composition and structure of prairies, woodland, and forest communities. Our monitoring design attempts to balance the needs of managers for current information and the need for insight into the changes occurring in vegetation communities over time. This monitoring protocol consists of a protocol narrative (this document) and 18 standard operating procedures (SOPs) for monitoring plant communities in HTLN parks. The scientific objectives of HTLN plant community monitoring are to (1) describe the species composition, structure, and diversity of prairie, woodland, and forested communities; (2) determine temporal changes in the species composition, structure and diversity of prairie, woodland, and forested communities; and (3) determine the relationship between temporal and spatial changes and environmental variables, including specific management practices where possible. This protocol narrative describes the sampling design for plant communities, including the response design (data collection methods), spatial design (distribution of sampling sites within a park), and revisit design (timing and frequency of monitoring visits). Details can be found in the SOPs, which are listed in the Revision History section and available at the Integrated Resource Management Applications (IRMA) website (irma.nps.gov). Other aspects of the protocol summarized in the narrative include procedures for data management and reporting, personnel and operating requirements, and instructions for how to revise the protocol.
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Mitra, Sudeshna, Amlanjyoti Goswami, Deepika Jha, Sahil Sasidharan, Kaye Lushington, and Mukesh Yadav. Land Records Modernisation in India: Haryana. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/9788195648511.

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This work provides an institutional, legal and policy review of crucial aspects of land records modernisation systems in Haryana. The state offers a unique window into the regional diversity of land systems in India; it underwent a large-scale land consolidation exercise in 1950s, and features rectangular land parcels of equal area, and a share-system of joint landholdings with limited spatial demarcation. Technologically, the state has an integrated system of land record management, and continues to make advances. Haryana is also one of the country’s most prolific real estate markets, attracting some of the largest private sector investment. However, the land records management system remains primarily rural, and does not yet capture the realities of an urban property landscape and the transition into a fragmented, individualised private property system.
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Or, Dani, Shmulik Friedman, and Jeanette Norton. Physical processes affecting microbial habitats and activity in unsaturated agricultural soils. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7587239.bard.

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experimental methods for quantifying effects of water content and other dynamic environmental factors on bacterial growth in partially-saturated soils. Towards this end we reviewed critically the relevant scientific literature and performed theoretical and experimental studies of bacterial growth and activity in modeled, idealized and real unsaturated soils. The natural wetting-drying cycles common to agricultural soils affect water content and liquid organization resulting in fragmentation of aquatic habitats and limit hydraulic connections. Consequently, substrate diffusion pathways to soil microbial communities become limiting and reduce nutrient fluxes, microbial growth, and mobility. Key elements that govern the extent and manifestation of such ubiquitous interactions include characteristics of diffusion pathways and pore space, the timing, duration, and extent of environmental perturbations, the nature of microbiological adjustments (short-term and longterm), and spatial distribution and properties of EPS clusters (microcolonies). Of these key elements we have chosen to focus on a manageable subset namely on modeling microbial growth and coexistence on simple rough surfaces, and experiments on bacterial growth in variably saturated sand samples and columns. Our extensive review paper providing a definitive “snap-shot” of present scientific understanding of microbial behavior in unsaturated soils revealed a lack of modeling tools that are essential for enhanced predictability of microbial processes in soils. We therefore embarked on two pronged approach of development of simple microbial growth models based on diffusion-reaction principles to incorporate key controls for microbial activity in soils such as diffusion coefficients and temporal variations in soil water content (and related substrate diffusion rates), and development of new methodologies in support of experiments on microbial growth in simple and observable porous media under controlled water status conditions. Experimental efforts led to a series of microbial growth experiments in granular media under variable saturation and ambient conditions, and introduction of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) to study cell size, morphology and multi-cell arrangement at a high resolution from growth experiments in various porous media. The modeling efforts elucidated important links between unsaturated conditions and microbial coexistence which is believed to support the unparallel diversity found in soils. We examined the role of spatial and temporal variation in hydration conditions (such as exist in agricultural soils) on local growth rates and on interactions between two competing microbial species. Interestingly, the complexity of soil spaces and aquatic niches are necessary for supporting a rich microbial diversity and the wide array of microbial functions in unsaturated soils. This project supported collaboration between soil physicists and soil microbiologist that is absolutely essential for making progress in both disciplines. It provided a few basic tools (models, parameterization) for guiding future experiments and for gathering key information necessary for prediction of biological processes in agricultural soils. The project sparked a series of ongoing studies (at DTU and EPFL and in the ARO) into effects of soil hydration dynamics on microbial survival strategy under short term and prolonged desiccation (important for general scientific and agricultural applications).
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Bowles, David, Michael Williams, Hope Dodd, Lloyd Morrison, Janice Hinsey, Tyler Cribbs, Gareth Rowell, Michael DeBacker, Jennifer Haack-Gaynor, and Jeffrey Williams. Protocol for monitoring aquatic invertebrates of small streams in the Heartland Inventory & Monitoring Network: Version 2.1. National Park Service, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2284622.

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The Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network (HTLN) is a component of the National Park Service’s (NPS) strategy to improve park management through greater reliance on scientific information. The purposes of this program are to design and implement long-term ecological monitoring and provide information for park managers to evaluate the integrity of park ecosystems and better understand ecosystem processes. Concerns over declining surface water quality have led to the development of various monitoring approaches to assess stream water quality. Freshwater streams in network parks are threatened by numerous stressors, most of which originate outside park boundaries. Stream condition and ecosystem health are dependent on processes occurring in the entire watershed as well as riparian and floodplain areas; therefore, they cannot be manipulated independently of this interrelationship. Land use activities—such as timber management, landfills, grazing, confined animal feeding operations, urbanization, stream channelization, removal of riparian vegetation and gravel, and mineral and metals mining—threaten stream quality. Accordingly, the framework for this aquatic monitoring is directed towards maintaining the ecological integrity of the streams in those parks. Invertebrates are an important tool for understanding and detecting changes in ecosystem integrity, and they can be used to reflect cumulative impacts that cannot otherwise be detected through traditional water quality monitoring. The broad diversity of invertebrate species occurring in aquatic systems similarly demonstrates a broad range of responses to different environmental stressors. Benthic invertebrates are sensitive to the wide variety of impacts that influence Ozark streams. Benthic invertebrate community structure can be quantified to reflect stream integrity in several ways, including the absence of pollution sensitive taxa, dominance by a particular taxon combined with low overall taxa richness, or appreciable shifts in community composition relative to reference condition. Furthermore, changes in the diversity and community structure of benthic invertebrates are relatively simple to communicate to resource managers and the public. To assess the natural and anthropo-genic processes influencing invertebrate communities, this protocol has been designed to incorporate the spatial relationship of benthic invertebrates with their local habitat including substrate size and embeddedness, and water quality parameters (temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, specific conductance, and turbidity). Rigid quality control and quality assurance are used to ensure maximum data integrity. Detailed standard operating procedures (SOPs) and supporting information are associated with this protocol.
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