Journal articles on the topic 'Spatial data and applications'

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1

Nikparvar, Behnam, and Jean-Claude Thill. "Machine Learning of Spatial Data." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 9 (September 12, 2021): 600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10090600.

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Properties of spatially explicit data are often ignored or inadequately handled in machine learning for spatial domains of application. At the same time, resources that would identify these properties and investigate their influence and methods to handle them in machine learning applications are lagging behind. In this survey of the literature, we seek to identify and discuss spatial properties of data that influence the performance of machine learning. We review some of the best practices in handling such properties in spatial domains and discuss their advantages and disadvantages. We recognize two broad strands in this literature. In the first, the properties of spatial data are developed in the spatial observation matrix without amending the substance of the learning algorithm; in the other, spatial data properties are handled in the learning algorithm itself. While the latter have been far less explored, we argue that they offer the most promising prospects for the future of spatial machine learning.
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Geymen, A., and T. Yomralioglu. "Spatial data-based e-municipality applications." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Municipal Engineer 163, no. 2 (June 2010): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/muen.2010.163.2.77.

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Osborn, Wendy. "Unbounded Spatial Data Stream Query Processing using Spatial Semijoins." Journal of Ubiquitous Systems and Pervasive Networks 15, no. 02 (March 1, 2021): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5383/juspn.15.02.005.

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In this paper, the problem of query processing in spatial data streams is explored, with a focus on the spatial join operation. Although the spatial join has been utilized in many proposed centralized and distributed query processing strategies, for its application to spatial data streams the spatial join operation has received very little attention. One identified limitation with existing strategies is that a bounded region of space (i.e., spatial extent) from which the spatial objects are generated needs to be known in advance. However, this information may not be available. Therefore, two strategies for spatial data stream join processing are proposed where the spatial extent of the spatial object stream is not required to be known in advance. Both strategies estimate the common region that is shared by two or more spatial data streams in order to process the spatial join. An evaluation of both strategies includes a comparison with a recently proposed approach in which the spatial extent of the data set is known. Experimental results show that one of the strategies performs very well at estimating the common region of space using only incoming objects on the spatial data streams. Other limitations of this work are also identified.
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Ravada, Siva. "Big data spatial analytics for enterprise applications." SIGSPATIAL Special 6, no. 2 (March 10, 2015): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2744700.2744705.

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Li, Deren, Shuliang Wang, Hanning Yuan, and Deyi Li. "Software and applications of spatial data mining." Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery 6, no. 3 (April 14, 2016): 84–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/widm.1180.

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Hunter, Gary J., Monica Wachowicz, and Arnold K. Bregt. "Understanding Spatial Data Usability." Data Science Journal 2 (2003): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2481/dsj.2.79.

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Gbenga, Folami. "Building GIS Applications using Spatial Network Data Models." International Journal of Computer Applications 181, no. 48 (April 11, 2019): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/ijca2019918655.

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8

Nievergelt, J. "Special Issue Editorial Spatial data: applications, concepts, techniques." Computer Journal 37, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/37.1.1.

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Nguyen, Hai, Noel Cressie, and Amy Braverman. "Spatial Statistical Data Fusion for Remote Sensing Applications." Journal of the American Statistical Association 107, no. 499 (September 2012): 1004–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01621459.2012.694717.

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Jain, Khushboo, and Anoop Kumar. "Energy-Efficient Data-Aggregation Technique for Correlated Spatial and Temporal Data in Cluster-Based Sensor Networks." International Journal of Business Data Communications and Networking 16, no. 2 (July 2020): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijbdcn.2020070103.

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Continuous-monitoring applications in sensor network applications require periodic data transmissions to the base-station (BS), which may lead to unnecessary energy depletion. The energy-efficient data aggregation solutions in sensor networks have evolved as one of the favorable fields for such applications. Former research works have recommended many spatial-temporal designs and prototypes for successfully minimizing the data-gathering overheads, but these are constrained to their relevance. This work has proposed a data aggregation technique for homogeneous application set-ups in sensor networks. For this, the authors have employed two ways of model generation for reducing correlated spatial-temporal data in cluster-based sensor networks: one at the Sensor nodes (SNs) and the other at the Cluster heads (CHs). Building on this idea, the authors propose two types of data filtration, first at the SNs for determining temporal redundancies (TRs) in data readings by both relative deviation (RD) and adaptive frame method (AFM) and second at the CHs for determining spatial redundancies (SRs) by both RD and AFM.
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Adams, Teresa M., Agatha Y. S. Tang, and Nancy Wiegand. "Spatial Data Models for Managing Subsurface Data." Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering 7, no. 3 (July 1993): 260–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0887-3801(1993)7:3(260).

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12

Yang, Chaowei Phil, Ying Cao, John Evans, Menas Kafatos, and Myra Bambacus. "Spatial Web Portal for Building Spatial Data Infrastructure." Annals of GIS 12, no. 1 (June 2006): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10824000609480616.

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Bielecka, Elzbieta. "Spatial data usability in the Polish Spatial Information System." Data Science Journal 2 (2003): 128–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2481/dsj.2.128.

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Piacentino, Davide, Giuseppe Arbia, and Giuseppe Espa. "Advances in spatial economic data analysis: methods and applications." Spatial Economic Analysis 16, no. 2 (April 3, 2021): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17421772.2021.1883102.

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15

Miranda, Michelle F., Hongtu Zhu, and Joseph G. Ibrahim. "Bayesian Spatial Transformation Models with Applications in Neuroimaging Data." Biometrics 69, no. 4 (October 15, 2013): 1074–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/biom.12085.

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Sui, Daniel Z. "Recent Applications of Neural Networks for Spatial Data Handling." Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing 20, no. 4 (December 1994): 368–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07038992.1994.10874580.

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17

Prathik, A., J. Anuradha, and K. Uma. "Survey on Spatial Data Mining, Challenges and Its Applications." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 15, no. 9 (September 1, 2018): 2769–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2018.7537.

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18

Norris-Sherborn, A., and W. J. Milne. "A practical approach to data modelling in spatial applications." Software: Practice and Experience 16, no. 10 (October 1986): 893–913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380161003.

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19

Isaak, Daniel J., Erin E. Peterson, Jay M. Ver Hoef, Seth J. Wenger, Jeffrey A. Falke, Christian E. Torgersen, Colin Sowder, et al. "Applications of spatial statistical network models to stream data." Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Water 1, no. 3 (March 3, 2014): 277–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1023.

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20

Smith, N. S. "Spatial data models and data structures." Computer-Aided Design 22, no. 3 (April 1990): 184–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-4485(90)90077-p.

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21

Wu, Chunming, Xiao Li, Weitao Chen, and Xianju Li. "A Review of Geological Applications of High-Spatial-Resolution Remote Sensing Data." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 29, no. 06 (September 11, 2019): 2030006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126620300068.

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Geologists employ high-spatial-resolution (HR) remote sensing (RS) data for many diverse applications as they effectively reflect detailed geological information, enabling high-quality and efficient geological surveys. Applications of HR RS data to geological and related fields have grown recently. HR optical remote sensing data are widely used in geological hazard assessment, seismic monitoring, mineral exploitation, glacier monitoring, and mineral information extraction due to high accuracy and clear object features. By reviewing these applications, we can better understand the results of previous studies and more effectively use the latest data and methods to efficiently extract key geological information. Compared with optical satellite images, synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) images are stereoscopic and exhibit clear relief, strong performance, and good detection of terrain, landforms, and other information. SAR images have been applied to seismic mechanism research, volcanic monitoring, topographic deformation, and fault analysis. Furthermore, a multi-standard maturity analysis of the geological applications of HR images reveals that optical remote sensing data are superior to radar data for mining, geological disaster, lithologic, and volcanic applications, but inferior for earthquake, glacial, and fault applications. Therefore, it is necessary for geological remote sensing research to be truly multi-disciplinary or inter-disciplinary, ensuring more detailed and efficient surveys through cross-linking with other disciplines. Moreover, the recent application of deep learning technology to remote sensing data extraction has improved the capabilities of automatic processing and data analysis with HR images.
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22

Gallo, Crescenzio, Franco Malatacca, and Angelo Fratello. "Web Information System Platforms for Publishing Spatial Data." International Journal of Web Portals 5, no. 2 (April 2013): 32–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jwp.2013040103.

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The best tools to manage the exchange of information and services between heterogeneous subjects through new technological tools with particular reference to information systems are certainly the Web-based information systems. Leveraging the infrastructure of the Web, these systems may be able to handle multimedia data, to perform distributed and cooperative applications based on service, in addition to customizing applications and related data. This paper provides an overview on Web Information Systems with particular reference to GIS, presenting a description of the usage scenarios and a comparison between two significant platform for publishing spatial data.
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23

Puttanapong, Nattapong, Amornrat Luenam, and Pit Jongwattanakul. "Spatial Analysis of Inequality in Thailand: Applications of Satellite Data and Spatial Statistics/Econometrics." Sustainability 14, no. 7 (March 26, 2022): 3946. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14073946.

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To formulate and monitor the progress of development policies, acquiring data with sufficient spatiotemporal details is inevitable. With the increasing availability of open remote-sensing data and open-source software packages, this research suggested the novelty integration of satellite data and spatial analytical methods, enabling a timely and costless framework for assessing the nationwide socioeconomic condition. Specifically, the spatial statistical and spatial econometrical methods were applied to geospatial data to identify the clustering patterns and the localized associations of inequality in Thailand. The spatial statistical results showed that Bangkok and its vicinity had been a cluster of high socioeconomic conditions, representing the spatial inequality of development. In addition, results of the spatial econometrical models showed that the satellite-based indicators could identify the socioeconomic condition (with p-value < 0.010 and R-squared ranging between 0.345 and 0.657). Inequality indicators (i.e., Gini, Thiel and Atkinson) were then constructed by using survey-based and satellite-based data, informing that spatial inequality has been slowly declining. These findings recommended the new establishment of polycentric growth poles that offer economic opportunities and reduce spatial inequality. In addition, in accordance with Sustainable Development Goal 10 (reduced inequalities), this analytical framework can be applied to country-specific implications along with the global scale extensions.
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24

Usmani, Raja Sher Afgun, Ibrahim Abaker Targio Hashem, Thulasyammal Ramiah Pillai, Anum Saeed, and Akibu Mahmoud Abdullahi. "Geographic Information System and Big Spatial Data." International Journal of Enterprise Information Systems 16, no. 4 (October 2020): 101–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijeis.2020100106.

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Geographic information system (GIS) is designed to generate maps, manage spatial datasets, perform sophisticated “what if” spatial analyses, visualize multiple spatial datasets simultaneously, and solve location-based queries. The impact of big data is in every industry, including the GIS. The location-based big data also known as big spatial data has significant implications as it forces the industry to contemplate how to acquire and leverage spatial information. In this study, a comprehensive taxonomy is created to provide a better understanding of the uses of GIS and big spatial data. The taxonomy is made up of big data technologies, GIS data sources, tools, analytics, and applications. The authors look into the importance of big spatial data and its implications, review the data sources, and GIS analytics, applications, and GIS tools. Furthermore, in order to guide researchers interested in GIS, the challenges that require substantial research efforts are taken into account. Lastly, open issues in GIS that require further observation are summarized.
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25

Josselin, D. "Spatial data exploratory analysis and usability." Data Science Journal 2 (2003): 100–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.2481/dsj.2.100.

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26

Xiao, N. "HACKING SPATIAL DATA: AN EXAMPLE OF AGGREGATION PROBLEMS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W8 (July 11, 2018): 231–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w8-231-2018.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Many applications using spatially aggregated data tend to treat the spatial units as given. For example, in the United States, analyses using the social and economic data often rely on the existing and fixed spatial units of census blocks or tracts. However, these spatial units are often aggregated arbitrarily. It is therefore important to ask this question: what if the spatial units are aggregated differently? Will the results obtained using the existing units still hold? This paper addresses questions like these. We first develop a search algorithm that can be used to find alternative aggregations with relatively equal total populations among the aggregated units. Then a number of experiments are conducted to test the algorithm and to demonstrate how alternative aggregations will affect the analysis. These experiments clearly suggest the significant effects of spatial aggregation on the analysis results.</p>
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27

Teng, Haotian, Ye Yuan, and Ziv Bar-Joseph. "Clustering spatial transcriptomics data." Bioinformatics 38, no. 4 (October 8, 2021): 997–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btab704.

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Abstract Motivation Recent advancements in fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques enable them to concurrently obtain information on the location and gene expression of single cells. A key question in the initial analysis of such spatial transcriptomics data is the assignment of cell types. To date, most studies used methods that only rely on the expression levels of the genes in each cell for such assignments. To fully utilize the data and to improve the ability to identify novel sub-types, we developed a new method, FICT, which combines both expression and neighborhood information when assigning cell types. Results FICT optimizes a probabilistic function that we formalize and for which we provide learning and inference algorithms. We used FICT to analyze both simulated and several real spatial transcriptomics data. As we show, FICT can accurately identify cell types and sub-types, improving on expression only methods and other methods proposed for clustering spatial transcriptomics data. Some of the spatial sub-types identified by FICT provide novel hypotheses about the new functions for excitatory and inhibitory neurons. Availability and implementation FICT is available at: https://github.com/haotianteng/FICT. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Smith, M. J. "Spatial data 2000 conference." ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 47, no. 1 (February 1992): 71–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-2716(92)90010-7.

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Shaham, Sina, Gabriel Ghinita, and Cyrus Shahabi. "Models and mechanisms for spatial data fairness." Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 16, no. 2 (October 2022): 167–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.14778/3565816.3565820.

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Fairness in data-driven decision-making studies scenarios where individuals from certain population segments may be unfairly treated when being considered for loan or job applications, access to public resources, or other types of services. In location-based applications, decisions are based on individual whereabouts, which often correlate with sensitive attributes such as race, income, and education. While fairness has received significant attention recently, e.g., in machine learning, there is little focus on achieving fairness when dealing with location data. Due to their characteristics and specific type of processing algorithms, location data pose important fairness challenges. We introduce the concept of spatial data fairness to address the specific challenges of location data and spatial queries. We devise a novel building block to achieve fairness in the form of fair polynomials. Next, we propose two mechanisms based on fair polynomials that achieve individual spatial fairness, corresponding to two common location-based decision-making types: distance-based and zone-based. Extensive experimental results on real data show that the proposed mechanisms achieve spatial fairness without sacrificing utility.
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Liu, Bang, Borislav Mavrin, Linglong Kong, and Di Niu. "Spatial Data Reconstruction via ADMM and Spatial Spline Regression." Applied Sciences 9, no. 9 (April 26, 2019): 1733. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9091733.

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Reconstructing fine-grained spatial densities from coarse-grained measurements, namely the aggregate observations recorded for each subregion in the spatial field of interest, is a critical problem in many real world applications. In this paper, we propose a novel Constrained Spatial Smoothing (CSS) approach for the problem of spatial data reconstruction. We observe that local continuity exists in many types of spatial data. Based on this observation, our approach performs sparse recovery via a finite element method, while in the meantime enforcing the aggregated observation constraints through an innovative use of the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) algorithm framework. Furthermore, our approach is able to incorporate external information as a regression add-on to further enhance recovery performance. To evaluate our approach, we study the problem of reconstructing the spatial distribution of cellphone traffic volumes based on aggregate volumes recorded at sparsely scattered base stations. We perform extensive experiments based on a large dataset of Call Detail Records and a geographical and demographical attribute dataset from the city of Milan, and compare our approach with other methods such as Spatial Spline Regression. The evaluation results show that our approach significantly outperforms various baseline approaches. This proves that jointly modeling the underlying spatial continuity and the local features that characterize the heterogeneity of different locations can help improve the performance of spatial recovery.
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Li, Zhenlong, Wenwu Tang, Qunying Huang, Eric Shook, and Qingfeng Guan. "Introduction to Big Data Computing for Geospatial Applications." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 8 (August 12, 2020): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9080487.

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The convergence of big data and geospatial computing has brought challenges and opportunities to GIScience with regards to geospatial data management, processing, analysis, modeling, and visualization. This special issue highlights recent advancements in integrating new computing approaches, spatial methods, and data management strategies to tackle geospatial big data challenges and meanwhile demonstrates the opportunities for using big data for geospatial applications. Crucial to the advancements highlighted here is the integration of computational thinking and spatial thinking and the transformation of abstract ideas and models to concrete data structures and algorithms. This editorial first introduces the background and motivation of this special issue followed by an overview of the ten included articles. Conclusion and future research directions are provided in the last section.
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32

Sun, Yun Peng. "Spatial Data Topology in GIS Database." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 3858–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.3858.

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Topology and its various benefits and functionality are fairly well understood within the context of 2D Geographical Information Systems. We summarize the principle of common 2D topology and the implementation of GIS databases. Existing topological frameworks and data models as a staring point to guide the review process, three key areas were studied for the purposes of requirements identification, namely existing 2D topological systems. However requirements in 3D have yet to be defined, with factors such as lack of familiarity with the potential of such functionality of 3D systems impeding this process. In this paper, we identify and review the requirements for topology in three-dimensional (3D) applications. Requirements for topological functionality in 3D were then grouped and categorized.
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33

Hong, T., K. Hart, L. K. Soh, and A. Samal. "Using spatial data support for reducing uncertainty in geospatial applications." GeoInformatica 18, no. 1 (June 12, 2013): 63–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10707-013-0177-z.

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Estivill-Castro, V., and M. E. Houle. "Robust Distance-Based Clustering with Applications to Spatial Data Mining." Algorithmica 30, no. 2 (June 2001): 216–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00453-001-0010-1.

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Patanè, Giuseppe, and Michela Spagnuolo. "Heterogenous Spatial Data: Fusion, Modeling, and Analysis for GIS Applications." Synthesis Lectures on Visual Computing 8, no. 2 (April 23, 2016): 1–155. http://dx.doi.org/10.2200/s00711ed1v01y201603vcp024.

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Wyatt, Lucy R., Jasmine B. D. Jaffrés, and Mal L. Heron. "Spatial Averaging of HF Radar Data for Wave Measurement Applications." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 30, no. 9 (September 1, 2013): 2216–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-12-00206.1.

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Abstract HF radar data are often collected for time periods that are optimized for current measurement applications where, in many cases, very high temporal resolution is needed. Previous work has demonstrated that this does not provide sufficient averaging for robust wave measurements to be made. It was shown that improvements could be made by averaging the radar data for longer time periods. HF radar provides measurements over space as well as in time, so there is also the possibility to average in space. However, the radar data are correlated in space because of the range and azimuth processing. The implications of this are discussed and estimates of the impact on the reduction in variance in the radar Doppler spectral estimates are obtained. Spatial inhomogeneities and temporal nonstationarity in the ocean wave field itself also need to be taken into account. It is suggested that temporal averaging over periods of up to one hour and spatial averaging over 9–25 nearest neighbors may be suitable, and these will be explored in later work.
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Ostadabbas, H., H. Merz, and H. Weippert. "INTEGRATION OF URBAN SPATIAL DATA MANAGEMENT AND VISUALIZATION WITH ENTERPRISE APPLICATIONS USING OPEN-SOURCE SOFTWARE." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B4-2021 (June 30, 2021): 307–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b4-2021-307-2021.

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Abstract. In recent years, efficient management of urban spatial data has played a major role in improving urban planning projects both in terms of cost and time savings. Since urban planning projects involve various disciplines like city planning and architecture as well as working with different spatial data, one of the main challenges is how to integrate and manage these multimodal data for a proper workflow. Currently, the involved companies are using project management and accounting systems, so called Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems to handle these complex urban projects - that partly handle the same data objects as stored in urban spatial databases but without any spatial reference. Embedded in the application example of an urban redevelopment area, which according to the German Urban Development Promotion Act aims at financially promoting urban districts in need of renewal, project-related spatial and non-spatial data that were previously kept separate are linked and integrated. Therefore, our work presented here bridges the gap between these two types of application systems, the non-spatial accounting system called Finanz Management System (FMS) and the urban spatial databases. FMS manages information related to parcels, buildings, property owners, as well as the legally required payments connected to urban development, while an urban spatial database manages the geodata. We describe the prerequisites, procedures, and software development steps for coupling different types of applications by providing an example of the Enterprise Application Integration System (EAI). Our innovative integration process aims at making information from the spatial database available in FMS and vice versa, and allows updating the corresponding databases. Our work shows the potential of open-source software for cadastral data processing and visualization as well as accounting procedures for urban planning projects.
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Hapsari, Ambar Tri. "Data Warehouse Perusahaan Bidang Geomatika dan Manajemen Informasi." Jurnal Informatika Universitas Pamulang 6, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.32493/informatika.v6i1.9616.

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PT. Duta Astakona Girinda is a company in the field of geomatics and spatial information management. This company was founded in early 1987 to provide consulting services for spatial information management applications, hardware, software, implementation and communication. As the experience of PT. Duta Astakona Girinda as an information and communication technology management application consulting service provider, continues to innovate. Providing services such as mapping planning, thematic maps of various needs, cartography, digitizing services, scanning, plotting. This company also provides GIS market application development services, GIS and MIS integration. Other services include conducting training, seminars and creating a spatial database. The company needs a warehouse information system to make it easier for warehouse administrators to manage incoming and outgoing goods at PT Duta Astakona Girinda. The role of this Information System is also inseparable from the users of equipment that are able to overcome the inability of human labor. The desktop application created here is internal in nature, which can only be accessed by employees.
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Harish, Ballu, and R. S. Dwiwedi. "Exhibiting of geospatial attribute data using popup template Java-script application programming interface." International Journal of Scientific Reports 6, no. 12 (November 23, 2020): 532. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20205034.

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<p>Arc-GIS server is used in creating web, desktop, mobile applications. Arc-GIS for server provides end user applications and services for spatial data management, visualization and spatial analysis. The proposed work deals with exhibiting of geo-spatial attribute data using the facility of Java script application programme interfaces (API’s) from Arc-GIS server. Popup-layout API reference is utilized in the work and furthermore two of its properties are utilized relying upon the need of the work. All the programming interfaces have their advantages for encouraging clients work to connect with the geo-spatial information. Keen web maps make an extraordinary method of envisioning complex data. They assist with beating up apparently disconnected data, uncover concealed examples, mine enormous datasets. Information can be composed on the work area, sent to the cloud, and shared utilizing Arc-GIS server on the web.</p>
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Camara, G. S., S. P. Camboim, and J. V. M. Bravo. "USING JUPYTER NOTEBOOKS FOR VIEWING AND ANALYSING GEOSPATIAL DATA: TWO EXAMPLES FOR EMOTIONAL MAPS AND EDUCATION DATA." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVI-4/W2-2021 (August 19, 2021): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlvi-4-w2-2021-17-2021.

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Abstract. This article presents two applications developed using Jupyter Notebook in the Google Colab, combining several Python libraries that enable an interactive environment to query, manipulate, analyse, and visualise spatial data. The first application is from an educational context within the MAPFOR project, aiming to elaborate an interactive map of the spatial distributions of teachers with higher education degrees or pedagogical complementation per vacancies in higher education courses. The Jupyter solutions were applied in MAPFOR to better communicate within the research team, mainly in the development area. The second application is a framework to analyse and visualise collaborative emotional mapping data in urban mobility, where the emotions were collected and represented through emojis. The computational notebook was applied in this emotional mapping to enable the interaction of users, without a SQL background, with spatial data stored in a database through widgets to analyse and visualise emotional spatial data. We developed these different contexts in a Jupyter Notebook to practice the FAIR principles, promote the Open Science movement, and Open Geospatial Resources. Finally, we aim to demonstrate the potential of using a mix of open geospatial technologies for generating solutions that disseminate geographic information.
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41

Atkinson, R. A., A. Hunter, N. J. Car, M. B. J. Purss, and B. Cochrane. "ROADMAP FOR INTEROPERABLE 3D DATA MODELS IN OGC APIS AND OTHER DATA EXCHANGE APPROACHES." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVIII-4/W4-2022 (October 14, 2022): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-4-w4-2022-13-2022.

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Abstract. Many data exchange standards for 3D spatial data applications exist, ranging from the general Geography Markup Language (GML) underpinning CityGML to specific models for business application domains, such as BuildingSMART Industry Foundation Classes (BIM/IFC). There are a number of different approaches to modelling 3D objects, and in general the geometry aspects of these can be readily understood in the context of the visualisation needs of different applications. The topology, or relationships between elements of these objects, on the other hand is either not directly supported by such geometry models or implemented in different ways by different standards. We discuss limitations of existing standards for describing topological relationships in particular. In some cases topology information is embedded in geometry objects using identifiers for vertices, edges and faces, but in general there is scope to develop a standardised model for describing alternatives for topology and 3D geometry representations. A limited set of such models allows for interoperability via transformations between different representations. The ISO 19107 Spatial Schema provides an adequate conceptual model for these concerns, so we present the argument that a profile of this comprehensive model be defined for the limited set of such representation options required for Smart Cities and other similar applications.
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42

Henzen, Christin. "Building a Framework of Usability Patterns for Web Applications in Spatial Data Infrastructures." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 7, no. 11 (November 15, 2018): 446. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi7110446.

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Web applications in spatial data infrastructures (SDIs) should provide robust and user-friendly user interfaces for geoinformation (GI) discovery, analysis, and usage. Poor usability, e.g., caused by unsuitable information presentation or inappropriate (non) availability of functions, can result in inefficient or faulty usage and can increase the acceptance of the application and provided geoinformation. Until now, a number of usability problems in GI web applications were identified; however, methods to summarize these problems, to provide (software-independent) solutions for them, and to find pairs of problems and related solutions hardly exist. We propose an adapted usability pattern concept for web applications in SDIs to map and categorize usability problems and best practice solutions and we enable a GI context-specific creation and discovery of these problems and solutions. The concept includes developed pattern types, relationships, and rules on how to use the relationships for the different pattern types.
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Vu, Tin, Ahmed Eldawy, Vagelis Hristidis, and Vassilis Tsotras. "Incremental partitioning for efficient spatial data analytics." Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 15, no. 3 (November 2021): 713–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14778/3494124.3494150.

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Big spatial data has become ubiquitous, from mobile applications to satellite data. In most of these applications, data is continuously growing to huge volumes. Existing systems for big spatial data organize records at either the record-level or block-level. Systems that use record-level structures include key-value stores and LSM-Tree stores, which support insert and delete operations and they are optimized for highly-selective queries. On the other hand, systems like GeoSpark that use block-level structures (e.g. 128 MB each) are more efficient for analytical queries, but they cannot incrementally maintain the partitioned data and do not support delete operations. This paper proposes a general framework that enables block-level systems to incrementally maintain spatial partitions, in the presence of bulk insertions and deletions, in distributed file system (DFS) blocks. We first formally study the incremental spatial partitioning problem for big data and demonstrate its NP-hardness. Then, we propose a cost model to estimate the performance of queries on the partitioned data and the effect of modifying it as the data grows. After that, we provide three different implementations of the incremental partitioning framework. Comprehensive experiments on large real datasets show that our proposed partitioning algorithms outperforms state-of-the-art spatial partitioning methods.
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44

Robertson, Philip K. "Visualizing Spatial Data: The Problem of Paradigms." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 11, no. 02 (March 1997): 263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001497000123.

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This paper describes the problem of developing working paradigms foradvanced spatial data applications. The key role of interactive visualization in enabling the expertise of specialists, if effectively integrated into their working environments, is described. The scope forapplying intelligence in designing visualizations to support,rather than to supplant, the expert is explored. A systematic framework describing the visualization design process, and an approach to applying intelligence around metavisualizations of the visualization design process, are summarized.
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Dürst, Martin J. "The design and analysis of spatial data structures. Applications of spatial data structures: computer graphics, image processing, and GIS." Visual Computer 7, no. 2-3 (March 1991): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01901187.

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46

Hennhöfer, Oliver, Julian Bruns, Peter Ullrich, Andreas Heiß, Galibjon Sharipov, and Dimitrios Paraforos. "Multidimensional Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis." GI_Forum 1 (2021): 136–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/giscience2021_02_s136.

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47

Huang, Xiameng, Yanqing Song, and Xuan Hu. "Deploying Spatial Data for Coastal Community Resilience: A Review from the Managerial Perspective." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (January 19, 2021): 830. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020830.

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The use of spatial data for coastal community resilience applications has diversified as a consequence of the increasing availability of data, and extensive development in data processing. However, the true value of spatial data is not fully exploited as a result of lacking scientific managerial models that incorporate spatial data into decision-making. This article synthesizes the cross-disciplinary literature review on deploying spatial data for coastal community resilience from the managerial perspective. It systematically reviews research addressing the topic of deploying spatial data for coastal resilience operations from the earliest available to 1999. The review uses 142 studies to address three research questions: (1) What kind of data can be obtained for coastal resilience situational awareness? (2) What outcomes have spatial data attributed to coastal resilience applications? and (3) What are the missing pieces (gaps) in connecting the spatial data with coastal resilience applications? In addressing these research questions, the authors review articles based on three dimensions including the availability of spatial data, the availability of applications, and limitations. Based on the findings of the analysis, the authors conclude that the managerial perspective of deploying spatial data in coastal hazards are understudies, and outline problem formulation, mission prioritization, and information salience as an agenda for future research.
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Rieke, Matthes, Lorenzo Bigagli, Stefan Herle, Simon Jirka, Alexander Kotsev, Thomas Liebig, Christian Malewski, Thomas Paschke, and Christoph Stasch. "Geospatial IoT—The Need for Event-Driven Architectures in Contemporary Spatial Data Infrastructures." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 7, no. 10 (September 25, 2018): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi7100385.

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The nature of contemporary spatial data infrastructures lies in the provision of geospatial information in an on-demand fashion. Although recent applications identified the need to react to real-time information in a time-critical way, research efforts in the field of geospatial Internet of Things in particular have identified substantial gaps in this context, ranging from a lack of standardisation for event-based architectures to the meaningful handling of real-time information as “events”. This manuscript presents work in the field of event-driven architectures as part of spatial data infrastructures with a particular focus on sensor networks and the devices capturing in-situ measurements. The current landscape of spatial data infrastructures is outlined and used as the basis for identifying existing gaps that retain certain geospatial applications from using real-time information. We present a selection of approaches—developed in different research projects—to overcome these gaps. Being designed for specific application domains, these approaches share commonalities as well as orthogonal solutions and can build the foundation of an overall event-driven spatial data infrastructure.
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Howe, B. "A Language for Spatial Data Manipulation." Journal of Environmental Informatics 2, no. 2 (December 2003): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3808/jei.200300020.

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Yiu, Man Lung, Hua Lu, Nikos Mamoulis, and Michail Vaitis. "Ranking Spatial Data by Quality Preferences." IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering 23, no. 3 (March 2011): 433–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2010.119.

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