Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Spatial correction'
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Mendes, Pedro Mota. "Correction of spatial distortion in magnetic resonance imaging." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/6333.
Full textMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has been a major investigation and research focus among scientific and medical communities. So, new hardware with superior magnetic fields and faster sequences has been developed. However, these improvements result in intensity and spatial distortions, particularly in fast sequences, as Echo Plana Imaging (EPI), used in functional and diffusion-weighed MRI (fMRI and DW-MRI). Therefore, correction of spatial distortion is useful to obtain a higher quality in this kind of images. This project contains two major parts. The first part consists in simulating MRI data required for assessing the performance of Registration methods and optimizing parameters. To assess the methods five evaluation metrics were calculated between the corrected data and an undistorted EPI, namely: Root Mean Square (RMS); Normalized Mutual Information (NMI), Squared Correlation Coefficient(SCC); Euclidean Distance of Centres of Mass (CM) and Dice Coefficient of segmented images. In brief, this part validates the applied Registration correction method. The project’s second part includes correction of real images, obtained at a Clinical Partner. Real images are diffusion weighted MRI data with different b-values (gradient strength coefficient), allowing performance assessment of different methods on images with increasing b-values and decreasing SNR. The methods tested on real data were Registration, Field Map correction and a new proposed pipeline, which consists in performing a Field Map correction after a registration process. To assess the accuracy of these methods on real data, we used the same evaluation metrics, as for simulated data, except RMS and Dice Coefficient. At the end, it was concluded that Registration-based methods are better than Field Map, and that the new proposed pipeline produces some improvements in the registration. Regarding the influence of b-value on the correction, it is important to say that the methods performed using images with higher b’s showed more improvements in regarding metric values, but the behaviour is similar for all b-values.
Munger, Patrice. "An inverse-problem approach to spatial distortion correction in MRI /." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=37792.
Full textAfter a review of MR theory, the principle of image formation, an analysis of distortion in the context of MRI and field mapping principles, an analysis of the EPI image formation process, which reveals the two-dimensional nature of the EPI point-spread function (PSF), is presented, and a full 2D correction technique based on the inversion of the 4D tensor EPI imaging equation using the Conjugate Gradient (CG) method is proposed. A 1D approximation of the technique is also derived for cases where the PSF can be approximated as being one-dimensional, such as in Fourier imaging, or EPI imaging in fields with low field inhomogeneity.
The proposed technique is demonstrated by means of computer simulations, and several aspects of its implementation are studied. A comparison between different correction methods based on field map data, still using computer simulations, is presented and reveals the behaviour of the different methods when applied in non-ideal conditions.
Finally, the practical application of the proposed method is demonstrated on real EPI scans and gradient echo images.
This work reveals some interesting characteristics of the correction method based on the CG algorithm, like fast convergence, possibility to recover from severe distortions and EPI B0-induced ghost artifacts reduction, but it also points out limitations of this correction method, such as potentially high computational cost and noise sensitivity.
Bauer, Mitchell D. "Characterization and Correction of Spatial Misalignment in Head-Mounted Displays." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1510943954851583.
Full textKlyuzhin, Ivan S. "Deformable motion correction and spatial image analysis in positron emission tomography." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/60277.
Full textScience, Faculty of
Physics and Astronomy, Department of
Graduate
Pethe, Akshay. "SUPER RESOLUTION 3D SCANNING USING SPATIAL LIGHT MODULATOR AND BAND CORRECTION." UKnowledge, 2008. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/550.
Full textMaurer, Dustin. "Comparison of background correction in tiling arrays and a spatial model." Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/12130.
Full textDepartment of Statistics
Susan J. Brown
Haiyan Wang
DNA hybridization microarray technologies have made it possible to gain an unbiased perspective of whole genome transcriptional activity on such a scale that is increasing more and more rapidly by the day. However, due to biologically irrelevant bias introduced by the experimental process and the machinery involved, correction methods are needed to restore the data to its true biologically meaningful state. Therefore, it is important that the algorithms developed to remove any sort of technical biases are accurate and robust. This report explores the concept of background correction in microarrays by using a real data set of five replicates of whole genome tiling arrays hybridized with genetic material from Tribolium castaneum. It reviews the literature surrounding such correction techniques and explores some of the more traditional methods through implementation on the data set. Finally, it introduces an alternative approach, implements it, and compares it to the traditional approaches for the correction of such errors.
Pethe, Akshay Gajanan. "Super resolution 3D scanning using spatial light modulator and band correction /." Lexington, Ky. : [University of Kentucky Libraries], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10225/936.
Full textTitle from document title page (viewed on December 10, 2008). Document formatted into pages; contains: ix, 76 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 74-75).
Miller, Chad I. "Evaluation of Sun Glint Correction Algorithms for High-Spatial Resolution Hyperspectral Imagery." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/17421.
Full textSun glint correction algorithms were tested on a hyperspectral image containing cross-track sun glint. Spatial profiles of pixel radiance by pixel position were compared and slope values were calculated. The algorithms of Hedley et al., Lyzenga et al., and Joyce over-corrected for sun glint in the visible and near-infrared wavelengths. The method proposed by Kuster et al. was the weakest performer during visual comparison with the other method results. Spectral plots of corrected spectra to the original spectra were compared. Comparisons were performed on spectra from pixels with low and high amounts of sun glint. Spectra were compared within the sun glint corrected images and between the corrected images and the original image. Correlation values were calculated for each spectral comparison and averaged for each sun glint correction algorithm. The Lyzenga et al. sun glint correction algorithm had the highest average correlation value of 0.977 and is recommended for reducing sun glint in hyperspectral imagery when spectral integrity is required.
Cheung, Lizzie 1965. "Evaluation of computer simulation of spatial nonuniformity correction in a staring sensor." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276862.
Full textPeloux, Marius. "Nouveaux composants optiques pixellisés pour la correction visuelle : modélisation, optimisation et évaluation." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112202/document.
Full textThis thesis investigates microstructured and more particularly pixelated ophthalmic glasses, the latter raising some hope for the active correction of presbyopia. A theoretical study is developed for the analysis of the optical performances of a pixelated lens in terms of image transport and leads to the identification of the parameters which have an impact on these performances. After experimental validation of the results obtained, we note and then explain the effect on the observation of a scene of eye displacement with respect to the optical function of the eyeglass. We study the effect of phase wrapping, which is inherent in the limits of the technologies implied in the manufacturing process and adds an axial chromatism effect to the visual defects generated by pixelation. We are also interested in the potential applications of pixelation in the field of passive optics. We prove that for a given application, non pixelated binary lenses, the optical quality of which we optimize, lead to better results than pixelated lenses. The impact on visual acuity of the parasitic diffractive phenomena induced by pixelation is evaluated with an optical bench using the simulation of test images seen through pixelated lenses. Finally, we study the aesthetic aspect of a pixelated component as seen by an external observer, using hybrid calculation models based on both geometrical and Fourier optics
Ille, Nicole. "Artifact correction in continuous recordings of the electro- and magnetoencephalogram by spatial filtering." [S.l. : s.n.], 2001. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB9685661.
Full textPaurisse, Mathieu. "Correction active du profil spatial de faisceaux amplifiés dans des fibres multimodes et multi-coeurs." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00567870.
Full textLewis, Peter. "Improving Peripheral Vision Through Optical Correction and Stimulus Motion." Doctoral thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för medicin och optometri (MEO), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-52286.
Full textSieberth, Till. "Motion blur in digital images : analys, detection and correction of motion blur in photogrammetry." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2016. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/20212.
Full textKircali, Omer Faruk. "Active Vibration Control Of A Smart Beam: A Spatial Approach." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607555/index.pdf.
Full textPalanisamy, Bakkiyalakshmi. "Evaluation of SWAT model - subdaily runoff prediction in Texas watersheds." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/5921.
Full textPeloux, Marius. "Nouveaux composants optiques pixellises pour la correction visuelle : modélisation, optimisation et évaluation." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00799958.
Full textRoy, Sayan. "A Phase Correction Technique Based on Spatial Movements of Antennas in Real-Time (S.M.A.R.T.) for Designing Self-Adapting Conformal Array Antennas." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/26683.
Full textDoctoral Dissertation Fellowship by the Graduate School, North Dakota State University
Curatu, George. "ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF WIDE-ANGLE FOVEATED OPTICAL SYSTEMS." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2575.
Full textPh.D.
Optics and Photonics
Optics and Photonics
Optics PhD
Vaittinada, ayar Pradeebane. "Intercomparaison et développement de modèles statistiques pour la régionalisation du climat." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV010/document.
Full textThe study of climate variability is vital in order to understand and anticipate the consequences of future climate changes. Large data sets generated by general circulation models (GCMs) are currently available and enable us to conduct studies in that direction. However, these models resolve only partially the interactions between climate and human activities, namely du to their coarse resolution. Nowadays there is a large variety of models coping with this issue and aiming at generating climate variables at local scale from large-scale variables : the downscaling models.The aim of this thesis is to increase the knowledge about statistical downscaling models (SDMs) wherein there is many approaches. The work conducted here pursues four main goals : (i) to discriminate statistical (and dynamical) downscaling models, (ii) to study the influences of GCMs biases on the SDMs through a bias correction scheme, (iii) to develop a statistical downscaling model accounting for climate spatial and temporal non-stationarity in a spatial modelling context and finally, (iv) to define seasons thanks to a weather typing modelling.The intercomparison of downscaling models led to set up a model selection methodology according to the end-users needs. The study of the biases of the GCMs reveals the impacts of those biases on the SDMs simulations and the positive contributions of the bias correction procedure. The different steps of the spatial SDM development bring some interesting and encouraging results. The seasons defined by the weather regimes are relevant for seasonal analyses and modelling.All those works conducted in a “Statistical Climatologie” framework lead to many relevant perspectives, not only in terms of methodology or knowlegde about local-scale climate, but also in terms of use by the society
Ansari, Sardar. "Optimization and Spatial Queueing Models to Support Multi-Server Dispatching Policies with Multiple Servers per Station." VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3249.
Full textVargas, Martín Fernando. "Óptica adaptativa en oftalmoscopia: corrección de las aberraciones del ojo mediante un modulador espacial de cristal." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10846.
Full textThe image formation properties of the eye are determined by the aberrations of the optics. The complete correction of the aberrations would allow diffraction-limited resolution. The aberrations of the eye are not easily modeled and are different for each subject.This thesis proposes the use of adaptive optics techniques to measure and correct the static aberrations of the eye. The principles and methods developed are useful in specific applications, i.e., high-resolution retinal imaging, ophthalmic lens design, etc.Two non-invasive methods have been used to measure the wave aberration function: Phase Retrieval Techniques from two double-pass retinal images; and the Hartmann-Shack sensor. A Liquid Crystal Spatial Light Modulator was used to adaptively correct the wave front aberration of the eye.This thesis also includes guidelines to calibrate and control the proposed techniques.Finally, experimental explorations of these methods are reported. Several results are presented, including the measure and the subsequent compensation of the wave aberration for artificial and human eyes.
Adeline, Karine. "Classification des matériaux urbains en présence de végétation éparse par télédétection hyperspectrale à haute résolution spatiale." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ESAE0056/document.
Full textThe new advances in remote sensing acquisitions at very high spatial resolution, either spaceborne (PLEIADES, HYPXIM), airborne or unmanned aerial vehicles borne, open the way for the study of complex environments such as urban areas. In particular, the better understanding of urban heat islands, urban planning, vegetation biodiversity, requires the knowledge of detailed material classification mapsbased on the use of spectral information brought by hyperspectral imagery 0.4-2.5μm. However, one of the main limitations of classification methods relies on the absence of shadow processing. Past studies have demonstrated that spectral information was possible to be extracted from shadows cast by buildings. But existing methods fail in shadows cast by trees because of their crown porosity. The objective of this thesis aims to characterize surface optical properties in urban tree shadows by means of radiative transfer and atmospheric correction tools. The originality of this work is to study the tree crown porosity through the analysis of the tree crown transmittance. Therefore, the issue has been divided into two parts. Firstly, an experimental design with the use of DART tool has been carried out in order to examine the relationships between the transmittance of an isolated tree and different biophysical and external variables. Then, the estimation of the tree crown transmittance has been assessed with several tree 3D modelling strategies derived from reference terrestrial lidar acquisitions. Secondly, a new atmospheric correction method appropriate to the processing of tree shadows, ICARE-VEG, was implemented fromthese previous results. An airborne and field campaign UMBRA was dedicated to its validation. Moreover, its performances was compared to other existing tools. Finally, the conclusions open large outlooks to the overall interpretation of remote sensing images and highlight the complexity to model physical natural processes with finer spatial resolutions
Reinhardt, Andrew David. "Evaluating and Correcting 3D Flash LiDAR Imagers." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1627306391961169.
Full textZhang, Feng. "Climate change assessment for the southeastern United States." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45770.
Full textMahé, Pierre. "Codage ambisonique pour les communications immersives." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LAROS011.
Full textThis thesis takes place in the context of the spread of immersive content. For the last couple of years, immersive audio recording and playback technologies have gained momentum and have become more and more popular. New codecs are needed to handle those spatial audio formats, especially for communication applications. There are several ways to represent spatial audio scenes. In this thesis, we focused on First Order Ambisonic. The first part of our research focused on improving multi-monocoding by decorrelated each ambisonic signal component before the multi-mono coding. To guarantee signal continuity between frames, efficient quantization new mechanisms are proposed. In the second part of this thesis, we proposed a new coding concept using a power map to recreate the original spatial image. With this concept, we proposed two compressing methods. The first one is a post-processing focused on limiting the spatial distortion of the decoded signal. The spatial correction is based on the difference between the original and the decoded spatial image. This post-processing is later extended to a parametric coding method. The last part of this thesis presents a more exploratory method. This method studied audio signal compression by neural networks inspired by image compression models using variational autoencoders
Sadi, Muhammad Sheikh. "Towards minimizing the risks of soft errors at the design level of embedded systems." Thesis, Curtin University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1300.
Full textWang, Xinghua. "Liquid Crystal Diffractive Optical Elements: Applications and Limitations." [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1122499777.
Full textTitle from PDF t.p. (viewed Sept. 14, 2006). Advisor: Philip J. Bos. Keywords: liquid crystal; diffractive optical element; optical phased array; spatial light modulator; high resolution wavefront control; aberration correction. Includes bibliographical references (p. 206-213).
Feindouno, Sosso. "Structural vulnerability and fragility : an assessment based on composite indicators." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAD014.
Full textVulnerability and fragility are at the heart of the global debate arising from the definition and implementation of the sustainable development goals. This PhD dissertation offers enhanced tools to assess structural vulnerability and fragility from various aspects: economic, social, and environmental. The proposed approach for apprehending these concepts is based on the construction and refinement of composite indicators. It is divided into four chapters.In Chapter 1, we build the retrospective series of the economic vulnerability index (EVI), proposed by the United Nations’ Committee for Development Policy (CDP). Some choices and measures are discussed, such as the methodology used to calculate the instabilities of exports and agricultural production. From our analyses, it appears that the structural economic vulnerability of LDCs is still higher compared to non-LDCs. As well, focusing on the African context, we show that fragile African states are economically more vulnerable than non-fragile African states, and the difference between the two groups of countries seems to come from the difference in the magnitude of shocks. Finally, employing a stochastic dominance approach and using a five-year testing horizon to assess the evolution of the EVI and its main components over time, we observe that there is no real decline of the EVI and its main components at the first order sense. But, an overall decrease can be concluded at the second order sense of dominance.The second chapter focuses on the issue of structural resilience through the Human Assets Index (HAI), another index designed by the UN-CDP for identification of LDCs. We start with a presentation of retrospective series of the HAI and its components, for which, to a limited extend, we have used econometric tools to consistently impute missing data. Secondly, we analyze the HAI’s dynamics by assessing the contributions of each component to this. Finally, we debate about the choice of equal weighting for the four components in the HAI. Taking into account the fact that the correlation between indicators is closely linked to the issue, we propose a new scheme pattern based on the correlation ratio and linearity (or nonlinearity) dependence between components. The third chapter is devoted to the climate change vulnerability. We design a composite indicator called “Physical Vulnerability to Climate Change (PVCCI)”. This indicator based only on the physical characteristics of climate change is independent of present and future country policy, and aims to be used for international allocation of resources. After explaining the specific methodology used to build the PVCCI and presenting the results for developing countries, we investigate the relationship between civil conflict and vulnerability to climate change measured here by the PVCCI. The starting point of the fourth chapter is that African countries are still lagging behind when it comes to attracting Foreign Direct Investments (FDI). We suspect the structural economic vulnerability, measured by the Economic Vulnerability Index (EVI), in part, responsible for the relative lack of interest of foreign investors towards Africa. We estimate a spatial error correction model during the time period from 1980 to 2010 to assess the dynamic relationships between FDI and its determinants. Our finding reveals that in the long run, there is a significant negative relationship between FDI and EVI. The results also suggest that a high EVI in neighboring countries negatively affects the amount of FDI into a host country. Later on, we also observe that structural economic vulnerability plays an important role in explaining the FDI gap between African Low-Income Countries and African Middle-Income Countries. The share of agriculture, forestry and fishery in GDP appears as the strongest contributing factor to this difference
Hermozo, Laura. "L'estimation de la correction troposphérique humide pour l'altimétrie spatiale : l'approche variationnelle." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30026/document.
Full textSpace altimetry is one of the major contributors to the understanding of regional and global oceanic circulation. It currently enables to provide a map of ocean topography at higher temporal and spacial scales. A propagation delay of the altimeter signal along its path through atmospheric water vapor needs to be accounted for, and corresponds to the wet tropospheric correction. Statistical methods are currently used to estimate wet tropospheric correction. These methods are fed by brightness temperature measurements provided by a radiometer coupled to the altimeter, at two or three frequencies close to the water vapor absorption line, at 22.235 GHz. While these algorithms provide wet tropospheric correction with low uncertainties over open ocean, improvements are still needed to reduce higher uncertainties in complex oceanic areas, such as upwelling regions, and over heterogeneous surfaces, as coastal regions, sea ice or inland waters. To this end, a one-dimensional variational approach (1D-Var) is developed in the frame of this thesis. This approach accounts for atmospheric and surface variability in the surroundings of the measurements, to provide wet tropospheric correction estimates at a global scale, over various surfaces, in the context of both current and future altimetry missions, with improved instrumental technologies. We first analyze the characteristics of the 1D-Var approach and evaluate its performances. The contribution and impact of the different input parameters on retrieved atmospheric variables and wet tropospheric correction are shown through this analysis. The potential and limits of the 1D-Var approach to retrieve wet tropospheric correction over open ocean, for clear sky conditions, are evaluated. The contribution of high frequencies, typical to future altimetry missions, is also analyzed. It is fully exploited to retrieve wet tropospheric correction over coastal areas, where land contamination occurs within brightness temperature measurements. A preliminary analysis of surface emissivity estimates and their variability over sea ice is also undertaken, in the frame of the 1D-Var estimation of wet tropospheric correction over sea ice/open sea transition surfaces, in polar areas
Tendero, Yohann. "Mathematical theory of the Flutter Shutter : its paradoxes and their solution." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00752409.
Full textHodge, Miriam Christine. "Bias correction and change measurement in spatio-temporal data." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Mathematics and Statistics, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7540.
Full textOliveira, Fialho Fabio de. "Définition et implémentation des corrections instrumentales de la mission spatiale CoRoT." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066545.
Full textGendre, Bruce. "Etude des sources X faibles des amas globulaires de la galaxie avec XMM-Newton." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01025786.
Full textBru, Driss. "Corrections atmosphériques pour capteurs à très haute résolution spatiale en zone littorale." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0314/document.
Full textThe coastal area accumulates major socio-economic and environmental issues. To understand the dynamics of the associated systems and predict their evolution, particularly in a context of strong human pressure and climate change, it is necessary to rely on long-termobservation systems providing robust data. By its spatial extent, ocean color remote sensing has demonstrated in recent years its strong potential for the observation of the coast and tends to become a central component of observation systems. However, very high resolution sensors (hereafter named THRS), suitable for small-scale observation of the physical and biogeochemical processes that characterize the dynamics of the coastal zone, still have strong limitations requiring important technical and scientific developments. As part of my PhD, I will focus on the atmospheric correction issues. The latter represent a key step of the signal processing in ocean color remote sensing. They are used to extract the marine signal from the total signal measured the sensor through an onboard radiometer. This signal, which only represents about 10% of the total signal, is used to measure, from inversion models, physical and biogeochemical parameters characterizing the marine and continental aquatic systems. However, atmospheric correction methods developed for ocean missions are often inadequate or ineffective for THRS sensors due to lower instrumental characteristics (low spectral resolution and low signal to noise ratio). My work was first to develop an innovative atmospheric correction method based on the elaboration of a local aerosol model, the ISAC model. This aerosol model is the result of the study of variations of the optical and microphysical properties of aerosol over Arcachon, based on four years of AERONET data. This method has later been applied to Landsat 8 images and the results were evaluated with other standard methods. Then, a comparison with field data was used to validate and demonstrate the good performance of the method. Finally, the ISAC’s corrected images were used used to evaluate the performance of an inversion model to extract bathymetry
Harmel, Tristan. "Apport des mesures directionnelles et polarisées aux corrections atmosphériques au-dessus des océans ouverts : Application à la mission PARASOL." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066450.
Full textBourderionnet, Jérôme. "Correction des aberrations et mise en forme spatiale d'un faisceau laser par contrôle de phase intracavité." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001VERS0026.
Full textUbéda, Thierry. "Contrôle de la qualité spatiale des bases de données géographiques : cohérence topologique et corrections d'erreurs." Lyon, INSA, 1997. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/1997ISAL0116/these.pdf.
Full textThis work concerns spatial data quality checking in geographical data sets, and especially existing geographical vector databases. Methods developed in this work are not dedicated to a particular data model, but can be adapted to all database fulfilling the two criteria previously given. Concerning the issue of data quality enrichment, this study concerns two complementary levels, namely the conceptual and the semantic level. For each level, processes are developed :- At the conceptual level, geometric properties applicable to geographical data types depending on the dimension of the shape that represents them (0, 1 or 2) are defined. This approach is only based on the objects that compose the database and not on the data model itself. It can then be adapted to every vector geographical data set. - At the semantic level, spatial relation among objects of the database are taken into account by means of topological integrity constraints. They allow to define topological situation that should or should not happen
Ubéda, Thierry Laurini Robert. "Contrôle de la qualité spatiale des bases de données géographiques cohérence topologique et corrections d'erreurs /." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2000. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=ubeda.
Full textLaslandes, Marie. "Miroirs actifs de l’espace : Développement de systèmes d’optique active pour les futurs grands observatoires." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4774/document.
Full textThe need for both high quality images and light structures is one of the main driver in the conception of space telescopes. An efficient wave-front control will then become mandatory in the future large observatories, ensuring the optical performance while relaxing the specifications on the global system stability. Consisting in controlling the mirror deformation, active optics techniques can be used to compensate for primary mirror deformation, to allow the use of reconfigurable instruments or to manufacture aspherical mirror with stress polishing. In this manuscript, the conception of active mirrors dedicated to space instrumentation is presented. Firstly, a system compensating for large lightweight mirror deformation in space, is designed and its performance are experimentally demonstrated. With 24 actuators, the MADRAS mirror (Mirror Actively Deformed and Regulated for Applications in Space) will perform an efficient wave-front correction in the telescope's pupil relay. Secondly, a warping harness for the stress polishing of the 39 m European Extremely Large Telescope segments is presented. The performance of the process is predicted and optimized with Finite Element Analysis and the segments mass production is considered. Thirdly, two original concepts of deformable mirrors with a minimum number of actuators have been developed. The Variable Off-Axis parabola (VOALA) is a 3-actuators system and the Correcting Optimized Mirror with a Single Actuator (COMSA) is a 1-actuator system
Scholler, Jules. "Imagerie optique 3D multimodale : traitements spatio-temporels, correction du front d'onde et classification automatique." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLS007.
Full textThis PhD project aims at combining numerical and optical methods to apply and push the limits of static and dynamic full-field optical coherent tomography (FFOCT) for microscopy and medical imaging. Post-processing methods using singular value decomposition allowed the acquisition of dynamic images in vivo for the first time while the use of the signals non-stationarities allowed to image with a better signal to noise ratio, hence deeper inside samples. Application of dynamic imaging is presented on retinal organoids where we show that our method is able to provide new interesting biological insights that are not possible with any other methods. Hardware developments to counteracts optical aberrations were successfully conducted leading to low complexity and cost efficient implementation which can reliably acquire retinal images with a diffraction limited resolution. The understanding and demonstration of the particular aberrations manifestation in FFOCT allowed us to design and simulate the performances of the proposed system. Finally, potential clinical applications of dynamic and static FFOCT for angiography in the human eye in vivo, wound healing ex vivo, retinal cell classification and breast cancer screening using machine learning methods are successfully demonstrated
Lachérade, Sophie. "Caractérisation des propriétés optiques des matériaux urbains à partir d'images de télédétection à très hautes résolutions spatiale et spectrale." Toulouse, ENSAE, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ESAE0008.
Full textBastien, Guérin. "Nouvelle méthode spatio-spectrale de correction de la diffusion en tomographie à émission de positons." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00488904.
Full textGuérin, Bastien. "Nouvelle méthode spatio-spectrale de correction de la diffusion en tomographie à émission de positons." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066129.
Full textSchmitz-Fraysse, Marie-Christine. "Etude et optimisation des méthodes de correction d'images et observations de l'émission de sources périodiques avec le télescope à masque codé SIGMA." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30027.
Full textMograne, Mohamed Abdelillah. "Synergie des capteurs spatiaux européens OLCI-SLSTR pour l’étude à long terme de la couleur des eaux côtières." Thesis, Littoral, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019DUNK0531/document.
Full textThe ocean color remote sensing involves the removal of the atmospheric contribution, the so-called atmospheric correction (AC). Over clear waters, the latter is based on the hypothesis that the sea water is totally absorbent in the Near Infra-Red (NIR), to estimate the atmospheric reflectance and to determine the water reflectance. By contrast, over coastal turbid waters, the marine signal is not negligible in the NIR. Accordingly, different alternative methods were proposed. The thesis is committed to evaluate the proposed AC algorithms and their improvement for the Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI) sensor over coastal waters exploiting its synergy with the Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer (SLSTR) sensor. For this purpose, radiometric in-situ measurements were acquired in two contrasted French coastal areas : Eastern English Channel and FrenchGuiana, with the ASD spectro-radiometer, according to a newly developed measurement and post-processing protocol. The post-processing was based on the coefficient of variability and the median relative difference, in addition to the Quality Assurance Score (QAS). Following the statistical analysis in part based on the Spectral Angle Mean (SAM), the radiometric inter-comparison of the ASD and other radiometers (TriOS-above and TriOS in-water), shows the consistency of the ASD measurements. The use of these measurement leads to carry out the performance inter-comparison of five AC algorithms, where the Polymer algorithm is the most efficient according to a unique metric scoring system. However, neither algorithm obtained the maximum score, highlighting the big room for improvement, especially for coastal waters. With this in mind; three spectral relationships of aerosols reflectance were tested with a simulated data set based on OLCI/SLSTR synergy. Another relationship, Full Spectrum AC (FSAC) was initially developed combining two existing relationships, after excluding the black pixel hypothesis in the Ultra-Violet and integrating a iterative scheme. The relationships inter-comparison shows consistency ofFSAC which is slightly less performing than one published relationship. The application of FSAC on OLCI/SLSTR images could have perspectives to improve the AC over coastal waters
Herrault, Pierre-Alexis. "Extraction de fragments forestiers et caractérisation de leurs évolutions spatio-temporelles pour évaluer l'effet de l'histoire sur la biodiversité : une approche multi-sources." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20018/document.
Full textBiodiversity in landscapes depends on landscape spatial patterns but can also be influenced by landscape history. Indeed, some species are likely to respond in the longer term to habitat disturbances. Therefore, in recent years, landscape dynamics have become a possible factor to explain current biodiversity. The aim of this thesis in GIS is part of this historical ecology context. We are dealing with automatic extraction of forest patches and characterization of their spatiotemporal evolution. The objective is to evaluate forest dynamics effects on current diversity of forest hoverflies. (Diptera: Syrphidae) in the agri-forestry landscape of Coteaux de Gascogne. The proposed general approach consists of three main steps: (1) the forest spatial database production from heterogeneous sources, (2) forest patches matching and characterization of their spatiotemporal evolution, (3) species-habitat modeling while integrating history as one of the factors likely to explain hoverflies diversity. Several methodological contributions were made. We proposed a new geometric correction approach based on kernel ridge regression to make consistent past and present selected data sources. We also developed an automatic extraction approach of forest from Historical Map of France of the 19th century. Finally, spatial uncertainty effects on ecological models responses have been assessed. From an ecological viewpoint, a significant effect from historical continuity of patches on forest hoverflies diversity was revealed. The most isolated fragments presented an extinction debt or a colonization credit according to area dynamics occurred in the last time-period (1970-2010). As it turns out, 30 years was not sufficient for forest hoverflies to reach new equilibrium after isolated habitat changes
Cantarello, Luca. "Use of a Kalman filtering technique for near-surface temperature analysis." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/13455/.
Full textThomas, Colin. "Caractérisation des aérosols atmosphériques en milieu urbain par télédétection à très haute résolution spatiale." Phd thesis, Ecole nationale superieure de l'aeronautique et de l'espace, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00584347.
Full textDesjardins, Camille. "Modélisation de la propagation troposphérique des signaux de systèmes de positionnement par satellites : un tour d'horizon." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2633/.
Full textThe electromagnetic signals emitted by satellite positioning systems, travel, in vacuum, at the ligth speed in a straight line but their propagation is modified through the neutral atmosphere by temporal and spatial changes of density, composition and refractivity of this part of atmosphere. These waves are slowed down and their trajectory is bent. This thesis models the tropospheric propagation by the ray-tracing technique through the assimilations of the European Meteorological Centre (ECMWF) for geodetic needs. The objective is achieved by modeling the propagation of the spatial variability using the three-dimensional information of pressure, temperature, water vapor, ice and liquid water, and maintaining the delays obtained in a functional named AMF, parametrized by few tens of coefficients. The sub-centimetre performances of AMF are demonstrated by the repetitivity of sites' positions and GPS orbits