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Journal articles on the topic 'Spatial Arrangement'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 April 2022

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1

Medellu, Antonius, Sugiatno Sugiatno, and Agung Hartoyo. "EKSPLORASI KETERAMPILAN KERUANGAN MENGENAI KUBUS MELALUI WAWANCARA KLINIS BERBASIS MASALAH." Jurnal AlphaEuclidEdu 1, no. 2 (December 5, 2020): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/ja.v1i2.42872.

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Students’ spatial skills in solving problems related to the arrangement of cubes were relatively low. This research was conducted to describe students' spatial skills regarding cube arrangement through problem-based clinical interviews. The design of this study was descriptive exploratory using one class of students as the research sample. Student tests were used to see students' initial abilities regarding cube arrangements. While problem-based clinical interviews were used to dig deeper into spatial skills and student problem solving regarding cube arrangements. The data obtained was processed using descriptive statistics such as average, cumulative frequency and percent score. Furthermore, the data was analyzed and interpreted using qualitative data analysis techniques to explain the phenomena that occur in the field. The results of the study show that the students' spatial skills regarding the cube were still relatively low; students' spatial skills were not in accordance with the concepts related to solving the problem of unit cube arrangements; students' spatial skills did not show skills related to solving problems in unit cube arrangements; to transform students' skills into spatial skills related to the problem of cube arrangement it is necessary to re-emphasize spatial skills which include spatial visual, spatial perception, spatial relations, and spatial orientation.Keywords: Spatial Ability, Problem Based Clinical Interview

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2

Marinho, Denise Lima Cavalcante, Raimundo Nonato Viana Santos, Ivaneide de Oliveira Nascimento, Maria José Pereira Corrêa, and Maria Rosângela Malheiros da Silva. "Weed Suppression With Babassu Straw and Spatial Rice Arrangement." Journal of Agricultural Studies 8, no. 3 (June 22, 2020): 846. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v8i3.16974.

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Soil cover and spatial crop arrangement are practices that can suppress weeds. The study aimed to evaluate the babassu straw cover and the spatial arrangement of rice crops as weed control. The experiment was conducted in two rice arrangements spatial, the first, with a spacing of 35 cm and sowing density of 87 kg ha-1 (S35D87); and the second, with a spacing of 45 cm and sowing density of 68 kg ha-1(S45D68), and four amounts of babassu straw (0.0; 8.5; 12.5; and 16.5 t ha-1). Weed density, dry mass, phytosociology, and crop productivity were assessed. Babassu straw at 16.5 t ha-1 in the two crop arrangements reduced weed density from 66.8 to 76.2% and increased rice productivity. The most important weeds were Cyperus spp, Murdania nudiflora (L.) Brenan and Phyllanthus niruri L. Babassu straw cover and rice crop arrangement were efficient in the weeds suppression.

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Wen, Wei, Ondřej Kajínek, Siamak Khatibi, and Goce Chadzitaskos. "A Common Assessment Space for Different Sensor Structures." Sensors 19, no. 3 (January 29, 2019): 568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19030568.

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The study of the evolution process of our visual system indicates the existence of variational spatial arrangement; from densely hexagonal in the fovea to a sparse circular structure in the peripheral retina. Today’s sensor spatial arrangement is inspired by our visual system. However, we have not come further than rigid rectangular and, on a minor scale, hexagonal sensor arrangements. Even in this situation, there is a need for directly assessing differences between the rectangular and hexagonal sensor arrangements, i.e., without the conversion of one arrangement to another. In this paper, we propose a method to create a common space for addressing any spatial arrangements and assessing the differences among them, e.g., between the rectangular and hexagonal. Such a space is created by implementing a continuous extension of discrete Weyl Group orbit function transform which extends a discrete arrangement to a continuous one. The implementation of the space is demonstrated by comparing two types of generated hexagonal images from each rectangular image with two different methods of the half-pixel shifting method and virtual hexagonal method. In the experiment, a group of ten texture images were generated with variational curviness content using ten different Perlin noise patterns, adding to an initial 2D Gaussian distribution pattern image. Then, the common space was obtained from each of the discrete images to assess the differences between the original rectangular image and its corresponding hexagonal image. The results show that the space facilitates a usage friendly tool to address an arrangement and assess the changes between different spatial arrangements by which, in the experiment, the hexagonal images show richer intensity variation, nonlinear behavior, and larger dynamic range in comparison to the rectangular images.

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4

Legendre, Alain. "The Effects of Environmentally Modulated Visual Accessibility to Caregivers on Early Peer Interactions." International Journal of Behavioral Development 18, no. 2 (June 1995): 297–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016502549501800207.

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This study focuses on the influence of the degree of visual connections in playrooms on peer interaction between children 21 to 36 months old. In two day care centres, the arrangement of the furniture inside the playrooms were manipulated in order to compare the influence of two contrasting spatial arrangements: a visually open arrangement providing children with a high degree of visual connection within the playroom; and an arrangement with major visual boundaries partitioning the playroom. The findings show that the latter type of spatial arrangement had a negative impact on peer interactions. Conversely, when the spatial arrangement was visually open, children spent more time interacting with peers, and these peer interactions were more affiliative and less conflictual. Furthermore, the positive interactions occurred in longer episodes. These results are discussed as a function of the adaptive flexibility of 2-year-old children's competence in interacting with peers, when they have to cope with an environmental constraint that restricts the visual accessibility to adult caregivers.

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5

Leskovar, Daniel I., and A. Kipp Boales. "Spatial Arrangement for Daikon Seed Production." HortScience 31, no. 4 (August 1996): 573b—573. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.573b.

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Seed production systems for daikon or Chinese winter radish (Raphanus sativus L., Longipinnatus Group) were investigated in the Winter Garden of southwest Texas in 1992 and 1993. Planting dates ranged from October through March. Bed configurations (number of rows × bed spacings) were 2 × 0.96 m, 2 × 1.93 m, 3 × 1.93 m, and 4 × 1.93 m. Within-row spacings were 5, 10, and 15 cm. Crops were grown using minimum fungicide and insecticide amounts, while no attempt was made to control weeds chemically. Seed was harvested between May and June. Seed yields (kg·ha–1) increased for planting dates of October to November. Lower seed yields from the January or later plantings appear to be related to increased disease and insect pressures. Total and medium class size (≥3 and ≤4 mm in diameter) seed yields were highest at 40 rows × 1.93 m bed spacings and 10 cm within-row plant spacings. Germination and percent coatless seeds were unaffected by bed configuration and within-row plant spacings. The closest within-row spacings (5 cm) increased the risk of plant lodging and delayed plant maturity.

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6

Schwarz, Cornelius, and Martin Möck. "Spatial arrangement of cerebro-pontine terminals." Journal of Comparative Neurology 435, no. 4 (June 8, 2001): 418–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cne.1041.

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7

Chaves, Aridênia P., Francisco Bezerra Neto, Jailma SS Lima, Josimar N. Silva, Renato LC Nunes, Aurélio P. Barros Júnior, Grace KL Lima, and Elizangela C. Santos. "Cowpea and beet intercropping agro-economic dynamics under spatial arrangement and cowpea population density." Horticultura Brasileira 38, no. 2 (April 2020): 192–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-053620200212.

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ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of planting spatial arrangements between the cowpea and beet crops in intercropping and of cowpea population densities on the crop’s productivity and in the agro-economic efficiency of the association at two growing seasons. The experimental design was of randomised blocks with the treatments arranged in a 4 x 3 factorial scheme, in four replications. The first factor was constituted by three spatial arrangements between the component cultures (2:2, 3:3 and 4:4), formed by beet rows alternated with cowpea rows, while the second factor was constituted by the population densities of cowpea: 40, 60, 80 and 100% of the recommended population in single crop (RDSC). The production and its components were evaluated in the beet and cowpea. Apart from these characteristics, the following agro-economic indicators were also determined for each treatment: system productivity index (SPI), the land equivalent coefficient (LEC), and the monetary equivalent ratio (MER). The maximum production of commercial beet roots was obtained with 15.60 t ha-1 productivity at density of 61.82% of RDSC within the 4:4 arrangement, while the maximum yield of cowpea green grains of 2.23 t ha-1 was reached at density of 79.57% of RDSC within 2:2 spatial arrangement. The productivities of beet roots of extra A, extra AA and great types decreased with increasing cowpea population density, without any influence of the tested spatial arrangements. The maximum mean productivity of cowpea green pods of 1.74 t ha-1 was obtained at density of 87.47% of RDSC, reached within 2:2 spatial arrangement. The maximum economic efficiency of the cowpea-beet intercropping was obtained with MER of 1.11 at cowpea density of 100% of RDSC, irrespective of the spatial arrangement and growing season.

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Augustine Mansaray, Abdul Babatunde Karim, Thomas B R Yormah, Abdul Rahman Conteh, and Marie Yomeni. "Effect of cassava-legume intercropping systems on productivity and cassava insect pests population dynamics across three major agro-climatic zones of Sierra Leone." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 12, no. 3 (December 30, 2021): 285–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2021.12.3.0474.

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Field trials were conducted in 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 cropping seasons in three agro-climatic zones of the country to evaluate the productivity and insect pests population dynamics of cassava as a response to spatial arrangement, plant architecture and cropping systems. The treatments consisted of seven cropping associations, two cassava architectures and two spatial arrangements. The study reveals that yield parameters of cassava were higher in cassava-soybean system at all locations. The number of marketable roots and forage yield were on average higher when the erect cassava variety was intercropped with the legumes using the 1 m x 1m spatial arrangement. On the other hand, root yield and canopy width were higher when the 2 m x 0.5 m spatial arrangement and the branched cassava architecture was used respectively. In general, yield parameters were higher at Segbwema expect for forage yield that was higher at Makeni. With respect to cassava insect pests, higher percentage incidences and severity scores were recorded on sole cassava and when the branched cassava variety was intercropped with legumes using the 2 m x 0.5 m spatial arrangement of cassava. In addition, cassava insect pests incidences were only observed at 6 MAP and 9MAP and were higher in Segbwema compared to the other locations. Thus, in order to improve productivity of cassava with low insect pest infestation, the erect cassava variety should be intercropped with soybean at a spatial arrangement of 1 m x 1 m.

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Roberts, Warren, and Jim Duthie. "Watermelon Yield as Affected by Plant Density and Spatial Arrangement." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 754C—754. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.754c.

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Watermelons are grown at many different row widths and in-row spacings, but an ideal plant density has not been established. Experiments were conducted at one location in 1993 and at two locations in 1994 in southeastern Oklahoma. Effects of plant density and spatial arrangement on `Allsweet' and `Sangria', two standard-sized watermelons, were evaluated. Beds 0.3 m wide were formed on 0.91-, 1.83-, 2.74-, and 3.66-m centers. Various in-row spacings that ranged from 0.30 to 2.44 m were established at each row width. This resulted in various spatial arrangements of plants with densities of 1500, 3000, 6000, and 12,000 plants/ha. With 1500 and 3000 plants/ha, about one melon was harvested from each plant, and less than one melon was harvested from each plant when the density reached 12,000 plants/ha. Yield (weight/ha) increased with plant density and reached a maximum at 12,000 plants/ha. Isometric spatial arrangements did not produce greater yields than did the more-rectangular arrangement. Weight per melon decreased with increasing plant densities in two experiments, but the decrease was small relative to the increased number of melons/ha.

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10

Sussy, Ola, Maria, Niklas, Cecilia, Willis, Håkan, and Djurfeldt. "Micro-Spatial Analysis of Maize Yield Gap Variability and Production Factors on Smallholder Farms." Agriculture 9, no. 10 (October 11, 2019): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9100219.

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Site-specific land management practice taking into account variability in maize yield gaps (the difference between yields in the 90th percentiles and other yields on smallholder farmers’ fields) could improve resource use efficiency and enhance yields. However, the applicability of the practice is constrained by inability to identify patterns of resource utilization to target application of resources to more responsive fields. The study focus was to map yield gaps on smallholder fields based on identified spatial arrangements differentiated by distance from the smallholder homestead and understand field-specific utilization of production factors. This was aimed at understanding field variability based on yield gap mapping patterns in order to enhance resource use efficiency on smallholder farms. The study was done in two villages, Mukuyu and Shikomoli, with high and low agroecology regarding soil fertility in Western Kenya. Identification of spatial arrangements at 40 m, 80 m, 150 m and 300 m distance from the homestead on smallholder farms for 70 households was done. The spatial arrangements were then classified into near house, mid farm and far farm basing on distance from the homestead. For each spatial arrangement, Landsat sensors acquired via satellite imagery were processed to generate yield gap maps. The focal statistics analysis method using the neighborhoods function was then applied to generate yield gap maps at the different spatial arrangements identified above. Socio-economic, management and biophysical factors were determined, and maize yields estimated at each spatial arrangement. Heterogeneous patterns of high, average and low yield gaps were found in spatial arrangements at the 40 m and 80 m distances. Nearly homogenous patterns tending towards median yield gap values were found in spatial arrangements that were located at the 150 m and 300 m. These patterns correspondingly depicted field-specific utilization of management and socio-economic factors. Field level management practices and socio-economic factors such as application of inorganic fertilizer, high frequency of weed control, early land preparation, high proportion of hired and family labor use and allocation of large land sizes were utilized in spatial arrangements at 150 and 300 m distances. High proportions of organic fertilizer and family labor use were utilized in spatial arrangements at 40 and 80 m distances. The findings thus show that smallholder farmers preferentially manage the application of socio-economic and management factors in spatial arrangements further from the homestead compared to fields closer to the homestead which could be exacerbating maize yield gaps. Delineating management zones based on yield gap patterns at the different spatial arrangements on smallholder farms could contribute to site-specific land management and enhance yields. Investigating the value smallholder farmers attach to each spatial arrangement is further needed to enhance the spatial understanding of yield gap variation on smallholder farms.

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11

Pidcock, Elna. "Spatial arrangement of molecules in homomolecular Z' = 2 structures." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 62, no. 2 (March 15, 2006): 268–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768106000450.

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The Box Model of crystal packing describes unit cells in terms of a limited number of arrangements of molecular building blocks. An analysis of Z′ ≤ 1 structures has shown that cell dimensions are related to molecular dimensions in a systematic way and that the spatial arrangement of molecules in crystal structures is very similar, irrespective of Z or space group. In this paper it is shown that the spatial arrangement of molecules in Z′ = 2 structures are, within the context of the Box Model, very similar to that found for Z′ ≤ 1 structures. The absence of crystallographic symmetry does not appear to affect correlations between molecular dimensions and cell dimensions, or between the packing patterns and the positions of molecules in the unit cell, established from the analysis of Z′ ≤ 1 structures. The preference shown by Z′ = 2 structures for low surface-area packing patterns and the observation that strong energetic interactions are most often found between the large faces of the independent molecules reaffirms the importance of molecular shape in crystal packing.

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12

Jett, Lewis W., Ronald D. Morse, and Charles R. O'Dell. "Plant Density Effects on Single-head Broccoli Production." HortScience 30, no. 1 (February 1995): 50–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.1.50.

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There is a strong consumer demand for single-head broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) that yields more florets per unit weight than bunching broccoli. Two spatial arrangements (single vs. twin row) and five plant densities (10.8, 7.2, 5.4, 4.3, and 3.6 plants/m2) were examined for single-head broccoli production. Spatial arrangement had no significant effect on any measured attribute, although the twin-row arrangement resulted in less plant damage with each harvest. For exclusive production of quality, single-head broccoli with high yields of marketable florets, 3.6 plants/m2 (46-cm within-row spacing) should be used.

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13

Moreno-Ríos, Sergio, and Juan A. García-Madruga. "Priming in deduction: A spatial arrangement task." Memory & Cognition 30, no. 7 (October 2002): 1118–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03194329.

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14

Salakhov, M. S., B. T. Bagmanov, and N. S. Nabiev. "Spatial arrangement of norbornanedicarboxylic acids N-arylimides." Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry 46, no. 11 (November 2010): 1622–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070428010110023.

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15

Axia, Giovanna, and Davide Caravaggi. "Effects of Spatial Arrangement on 4- and 6-Yr.-Old Children's Memory." Perceptual and Motor Skills 65, no. 1 (August 1987): 283–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1987.65.1.283.

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This research is an investigation of the effects of different spatial arrangements of the same items on 4- and 6-yr.-old children's memory. The items were arranged in one of three ways, put in a random order, grouped into categories, or displayed in a configuration reproducing a real-world scene. Each subject was asked both to recall the items verbally and to remember their spatial locations. The results show that only 6-yr.-olds' memory for locations is enhanced by meaningful arrangements of objects in space. It is suggested that there is a developmental gap between memory for “raw” spatial relationships (“locational” cognitive mapping) and memory for spatial relationships which also takes into account the meaning of these relations (“relational” cognitive mapping). Furthermore, for 6-yr.-olds clustering of recall is categorically organized in all conditions. For 4-yr.-olds such clustering appears to reproduce the spatial arrangement of items in a scene, while recall is categorically organized in both categorical and random conditions.

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Langer, Max, Thomas Speck, and Olga Speck. "Petiole-Lamina Transition Zone: A Functionally Crucial but Often Overlooked Leaf Trait." Plants 10, no. 4 (April 15, 2021): 774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10040774.

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Although both the petiole and lamina of foliage leaves have been thoroughly studied, the transition zone between them has often been overlooked. We aimed to identify objectively measurable morphological and anatomical criteria for a generally valid definition of the petiole–lamina transition zone by comparing foliage leaves with various body plans (monocotyledons vs. dicotyledons) and spatial arrangements of petiole and lamina (two-dimensional vs. three-dimensional configurations). Cross-sectional geometry and tissue arrangement of petioles and transition zones were investigated via serial thin-sections and µCT. The changes in the cross-sectional geometries from the petiole to the transition zone and the course of the vascular bundles in the transition zone apparently depend on the spatial arrangement, while the arrangement of the vascular bundles in the petioles depends on the body plan. We found an exponential acropetal increase in the cross-sectional area and axial and polar second moments of area to be the defining characteristic of all transition zones studied, regardless of body plan or spatial arrangement. In conclusion, a variety of terms is used in the literature for describing the region between petiole and lamina. We prefer the term “petiole–lamina transition zone” to underline its three-dimensional nature and the integration of multiple gradients of geometry, shape, and size.

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Jeong, Yong-Kuk, SuHeon Ju, Huiqiang Shen, Dong Kun Lee, Jong Gye Shin, and Cheolho Ryu. "An analysis of shipyard spatial arrangement planning problems and a spatial arrangement algorithm considering free space and unplaced block." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 95, no. 9-12 (January 9, 2018): 4307–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-017-1525-1.

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18

Jett, Lewis W., Ronald D. Morse, and Charles R. O'Dell. "539 PB 049 SINGLE-UNIT BROCCOLI AS AN ALTERNATIVE CASH CROP." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 508f—508. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.508f.

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Consumer attitudes and preferences towards fresh market broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. Group Italica) are changing. Consumers desire large-head broccoli with more florets per unit weight, which we term single unit broccoli. Single unit broccoli could be field established by transplanting, alleviating the problems of poor stand establishment encountered with direct-seeded broccoli in the Southeast. The objectives of this research were to determine the feasibility of producing single unit broccoli and the optimal plant arrangement and spacing to maximize the yield of single unit broccoli. Two spatial arrangements (single vs. twin row) and five plant densities (10.8, 7.2, 5.4, 4.3 and 3.6 plants/m2) were examined in 1990 and 1991 for production of single unit broccoli. Spatial arrangement had no significant effect on any measured variable, although the twin row arrangement resulted in less plant damage with each multiple harvest. For exclusive production of high quality, single unit broccoli with high yields of marketable florets, a planting density of 3.6 plants/m2 (46 cm within row spacing) should be used in a twin row arrangement.

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Von Althen, Friedrich W. "Effects of Spatial Arrangement in Mixed-Species Hardwood Plantations." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 5, no. 3 (September 1, 1988): 203–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/5.3.203.

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Abstract Sixteen hardwood species were planted in different arrangements in two experiments in a former field with an imperfectly drained silt loam soil in Middlesex County, Ontario. With few exceptions planting arrangement had little effect on 10-year survival and on height and diameter increment. However, overall survival and growth were slightly better in the row planting than in the completely random mixture. Applications of 3.3 kg/ha of active simazine in each of the first 3 years after planting provided adequate weed control. One additional application of 2 kg/ha of active glyphosate in June of the sixth growing season eliminated 80% of the competition, renewed tree vigor, and enabled the trees to close the canopy and thereby provide their own weed control through shading. Recommendations are made for the establishment of mixed hardwood plantations in southern Ontario. North. J. Appl. For. 5:203-207, Sept. 1988.

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20

Wibowo, G. D. H., and H. Adolf. "Legal Aspects of Living Arrangement Responsive and Sustainable." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 8, no. 1 (January 26, 2017): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2017.v8n1p71.

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Abstract The purpose of this research is to: (1) analyzing the principles and substance of the relevant spatial responsive and sustainable; (2) analyzing the institutional and mechanism/procedure as what to support spatial responsive and sustainable; (3) finding a model of spatial perspective responsive and sustainable. For further research of a normative law (legal research) by using a philosophical approach, the statute approach, the conceptual approach and the historical approach. The results obtained are: First, the spatial arrangement of the elements is part of the Environment. Therefore, the principle or principles in the management of the Environment shall apply mutatis mutandis also applies to the arrangement of space; second, the substance of the arrangement of space includes the planning, utilization, control utilization of space. The elements in the content material are an organic unity that cannot be separated from one to another; Third, institutional spatial planning there is still a dependent institutional, structural or still the subordination of the other institutions. In addition, mechanisms or procedures in spatial stats still lead to Institutional responsive spatial planning and sustainable (top down approach).

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21

Kozlowski, Adam, and Stan Zurek. "DC magnetic field generator with spatial coils arrangement." Scientific Research of the Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science 11, no. 3 (September 2012): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17512/jamcm.2012.3.09.

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22

Huang, Liqiang. "Contextual cuing based on spatial arrangement of color." Perception & Psychophysics 68, no. 5 (July 2006): 792–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03193702.

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23

Kristo and Chin Seng Chua. "Cost effective window arrangement for spatial pyramid matching." Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation 29 (May 2015): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvcir.2015.02.005.

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Laubach, S. E., J. Lamarche, B. D. M. Gauthier, W. M. Dunne, and David J. Sanderson. "Spatial arrangement of faults and opening-mode fractures." Journal of Structural Geology 108 (March 2018): 2–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2017.08.008.

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Zhu, Haodong, Peiran Zhang, Zhanwei Zhong, Jianping Xia, Joseph Rich, John Mai, Xingyu Su, et al. "Acoustohydrodynamic tweezers via spatial arrangement of streaming vortices." Science Advances 7, no. 2 (January 2021): eabc7885. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abc7885.

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Acoustics-based tweezers provide a unique toolset for contactless, label-free, and precise manipulation of bioparticles and bioanalytes. Most acoustic tweezers rely on acoustic radiation forces; however, the accompanying acoustic streaming often generates unpredictable effects due to its nonlinear nature and high sensitivity to the three-dimensional boundary conditions. Here, we demonstrate acoustohydrodynamic tweezers, which generate stable, symmetric pairs of vortices to create hydrodynamic traps for object manipulation. These stable vortices enable predictable control of a flow field, which translates into controlled motion of droplets or particles on the operating surface. We built a programmable droplet-handling platform to demonstrate the basic functions of planar-omnidirectional droplet transport, merging droplets, and in situ mixing via a sequential cascade of biochemical reactions. Our acoustohydrodynamic tweezers enables improved control of acoustic streaming and demonstrates a previously unidentified method for contact-free manipulation of bioanalytes and digitalized liquid handling based on a compact and scalable functional unit.

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Cunningham, K. A., and B. S. Tjan. "Spatial arrangement of irrelevant color in visual search." Journal of Vision 5, no. 8 (March 16, 2010): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/5.8.278.

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HIBINO, Haruo, Akiko IBUKI, and Kenichi YAMADA. "Psychological Effects Induced by LED Spatial Arrangement Patterns." JOURNAL OF THE ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF JAPAN 86, Appendix (2002): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.2150/jieij1980.86.appendix_213.

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Vancleef, Kathleen, Tom Putzeys, Elena Gheorghiu, Michaël Sassi, Bart Machilsen, and Johan Wagemans. "Spatial Arrangement in Texture Discrimination and Texture Segregation." i-Perception 4, no. 1 (January 2013): 36–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/i0515.

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Uchaikin, V. V., and H. V. Kozhemjakina. "On mesofractal interpretation of the galaxy spatial arrangement." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1658 (October 2020): 012064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1658/1/012064.

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Boccard, Frédéric, Emilie Esnault, and Michèle Valens. "Spatial arrangement and macrodomain organization of bacterial chromosomes." Molecular Microbiology 57, no. 1 (April 29, 2005): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04651.x.

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Velten, Florian W., Christine Renard, Claire Rogel-Gaillard, Marcel Vaiman, and Patrick Chardon. "Spatial arrangement of pig MHC class I sequences." Immunogenetics 49, no. 11-12 (September 2, 1999): 919–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002510050575.

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Bogolepov, V. V. "General arrangement of regimes for spatial local flows." Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics 27, no. 6 (1987): 860–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00918829.

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Xu, Wenjia, Shuaipeng Chen, Ruixue Xiao, Jianpeng Zong, Yuhua Feng, and Hongyu Chen. "Engineering the Spatial Arrangement of Au–C60 Heterostructures." Chemistry of Materials 33, no. 13 (June 27, 2021): 5268–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.1c01360.

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Taena, W., L. M. Kolopaking, B. Barus, R. Boer, and B. Juanda. "The Implication of Spatial Ecology Dependence on Spatial Arrangement in Boundary Area." Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika (Journal of Tropical Forest Management) 24, no. 1 (April 30, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.7226/jtfm.24.1.1.

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Oddo, S., J. Beck, and E. Mingolla. "Segregation of Chromatic Element-Arrangement Textures." Perception 25, no. 1_suppl (August 1996): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/v96l0505.

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We compared the perceived segregation of patterns composed of the same two element types arranged in vertical stripes in the top and bottom regions and in a checkerboard in the middle region. The elements in all patterns differed in hue. Some patterns were equated for luminance and others for brightness. We investigated the effects of hue, spatial scale, and background luminance on the segregation of the element-arrangement patterns. Hue similarity, as rated by subjects in a separate procedure, was a relatively weak factor for predicting perceived segregation. The effects of brightness differences and luminance differences interacted with background luminance and spatial scale. Perceived segregation was stronger with a black background than with a white background (Pessoa, Beck, and Mingolla, ARVO '94; Vision Research, in press) and stronger for higher spatial frequencies. The results are discussed in terms of the relative importance of ‘low-order’ factors such as cone contrasts and ‘high-order’ factors such as similarity in mediating texture segregation.

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Werner, Flávia, Alvadi Antonio Balbinot Junior, André Sampaio Ferreira, Marcelo Augusto Aguiar e. Silva, José Marcos Gontijo Mandarino, and Claudemir Zucareli. "Size, chlorophyll retention and protein and oil contents of grains from soybean plants grown in different spatial arrangements." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 38, no. 1 (March 2, 2017): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n1p85.

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The spatial arrangement of soybean plants, determined by row spacing and seeding rate, affects the intraspecific competition for water, light, and nutrients, as well as plant architecture and grain development, quality, and chemical composition. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of row spacing and seeding rate on the grain size produced, and the influence of these three factors on chlorophyll retention and protein and oil content in grain. Two experiments were conducted in the 2013/14 and 2014/15 growing seasons, using a 4 × 3 factorial randomized block design with three replications. Four different row spacings [20 cm (narrow row), 50 cm (conventional), 20/80 cm (twin rows) and crossed lines (50 cm)] and three seeding rates (150, 300, and 450 thousand viable seeds ha-1) were evaluated. The grains were classified by size using oblong sieves and then the effects of spatial arrangements and size of grain on the percentage of green grains and protein and oil contents were evaluated. Higher plant densities were associated with larger grain size, whereas the effects of spacing between the rows on the grain size varied between growing seasons. The arrangement in cross-rows and high plant density produced a higher percentage of green grains under weather conditions favorable to the development of this attribute. The effects of plant spatial arrangements on the contents of protein and oil in grains were variable, and it was not possible to determine whether the spatial arrangement of plants had an effect on the levels of protein and oil in grains. Larger grains had higher protein content, but oil contents were not affected by grain size.

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Moraes, Edilson Carvalho de, Jailma Suerda Silva de Lima, Francisco Bezerra Neto Neto, Paulo Cássio Alves Linhares, Arnaldo Pantoja da Costa, Joabe Freitas Crispim, Lissa Izabel Ferreira de Andrade, and Gardênia Silvana de Oliveira Rodrigues. "Effects of different roostertree (Calotropis procera) amounts and spatial arrangements on the performance of the beet-cowpea intercropping system." APRIL 2019 13, (04) 2019 (April 20, 2019): 486–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.19.13.04.p843.

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Intercropping of beet with cowpea-vegetable is increasing in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. However, its management requires scientific information and technologies pertaining to space arrangement and adequate fertilization with roostertree. The present study evaluated the agronomic/biological performance of the beet and cowpea-vegetable intercropping system with different amounts of roostertree and spatial arrangements of the component cultures. We established a 4 × 3 factorial completely randomized design with four blocks. The first factor was the amount of roostertree biomass incorporated into the soil (20, 35, 50, and 65 t ha-1 in dry matter), while the second was the spatial arrangement of beet rows alternated with cowpea rows (2:2, 3:3, and 4:4). We evaluated the total, commercial, and classified productivities of beet roots, as well as the number of green pods per m2, green and dry pod productivities, the number of green grains per pod, the weight of 100 green grains, and green and dry grain productive of cowpea. The agronomic efficiency of the intercropping system was evaluated by the land equivalent ratio, productive efficiency index, and score of the canonical variable z. The results showed no significant interactions among the amounts of roostertree biomass and spatial arrangements for any evaluated trait or agronomic index. The highest agronomic efficiency of the intercropping system was obtained with 65 t ha-1 of roostertree biomass and the 2:2 spatial arrangements.

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Smith, Samuel A., and Kenneth E. Foote. "Museum/space/discourse: analyzing discourse in three dimensions in Denver’s History Colorado Center." cultural geographies 24, no. 1 (September 20, 2016): 131–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474474016663930.

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Museums have recently gained attention from cultural geographers as important sites of cultural production and reproduction. Within this growing field of ‘museum geographies’, we focus on how discourses are arranged in the three-dimensional spaces of galleries and exhibits. We argue that the spatial arrangement of text, media, and artifacts shape narrative storylines and suggest sequences, connections, progressions, and pathways within and between exhibits. In doing so, the spatial arrangement of these museum ‘assemblages’ is tied to the meaning of the underlying discourse. Looking at discourse in three dimensions offers a way for cultural geographers to contribute to an interdisciplinary study of museums, as well as to other modes of discourse where the spatial form of the text contributes to its meaning. We explore this methodology through a study of the History Colorado Center, a recently opened museum in Denver, CO. The center’s exhibits, designed to confront critical histories of the state and the American West, are designed as immersive multimedia reconstructions of Colorado sites and stories, and include iconic regional imagery as well as more dissonant episodes of Colorado’s past. Through an analysis of these exhibits, we highlight how the connections made across museum spaces can enhance or detract from intended exhibit themes. In the History Colorado Center, these spatial arrangements both contribute to and detract from the museum’s presentation of a critically nuanced state history. However, we argue, the spatial arrangements of discourse merit further attention, for museum geographies as well as across other media.

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Fakriah, Nurul. "Analytical Study of Circulation and Space Arrangement of Baiturrahman Grand Mosque Based on Gender According to Islamic Sharia Analysis." Elkawnie 5, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/ekw.v5i2.5287.

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The mosque is a Muslim worship building that is commonly found in Muslim-populated areas. As the main building in Islam, with its significant role, it is relevant if the mosque building applies Islamic concepts in its spatial arrangement and circulation. One of them is the concept of gender-based spatial arrangement. However, in the mosque's spatial arrangement and circulation, it is often found that the arrangement is not in accordance with the Islamic principles. This causes discomfort for some building users. This study revealed an analysis of circulation and spatial arrangement in the Baiturrahman Grand Mosque building, the largest mosque in Banda Aceh, which became an icon of the city of Banda Aceh. This study is also carried out based on gender in accordance with Islamic sharia. Using the qualitative approach, observation being carried out as well as the study of Islamic source and Ching’s theory of circulation. The result shows that there is still a potential of ikhtilath (mingled each other between genders) happened in the recent space arrangement and circulation of the Baiturrahman Grand Mosque.

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Isaac, Afe, Alabi Oyebisi, Ogundare Kayode, and Adeniji Mojisola. "Effects of spatial arrangement and population density on the growth and yield of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) in a sesame/maize intercrop." Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 65, no. 4 (2020): 337–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas2004337i.

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A field experiment was carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria. The aim of the experiment was to investigate the growth and yield of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) as affected by the row arrangement and population density of maize (Zea mays L.). The full population of sesame in two-row arrangements (1:1) and (2:2) was combined with four population densities of maize viz: 100S:100M; 100S:75M; 100S:50M and 100S:25M (where S and M represented sesame and maize, respectively). Sole crops of sesame and maize at full population were included in the treatments as control. The number of pods per plant (NPP), length of fruit zone (LFZ), and yield of sesame were significantly (P?0.5) influenced by the interactive effect of population ratios and row arrangements. These variables increased as the population of associated maize decreased. All variables measured in maize were influenced by population density and row arrangement except for the number of cobs per plant (NCP), cob length (CL), and cob circumference (CC). Regardless of spatial arrangement and population density, the aggressivity (A) value was positive for sesame and negative for maize. The competitive ratio (CR) values were also higher in sesame than in maize. Land equivalent ratio (LER) and land equivalent coefficient (LEC) values, for all population ratios tested, indicated the intercropping advantage with the highest value recorded at a full population of sesame mixed with fifty percent population of maize in a 2:2-row arrangement and hence, recommended for adoption.

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Wann, E. V. "Cucumber Yield Response to Plant Density and Spatial Arrangement." Journal of Production Agriculture 6, no. 2 (1993): 253–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jpa1993.0253.

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Penatti, Otávio A. B., Fernanda B. Silva, Eduardo Valle, Valerie Gouet-Brunet, and Ricardo da S. Torres. "Visual word spatial arrangement for image retrieval and classification." Pattern Recognition 47, no. 2 (February 2014): 705–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2013.08.012.

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Neto, José Fidelis Dos Santos, Misael Mendes Soares, Sara Santos Cardoso, Edson De Sousa Silva, Helton Devison De Lima Silva, and Fábio Mielezrski. "Spatial Arrangement Management of Maize Hybrids at Semiarid Microclimate." Journal of Agricultural Studies 8, no. 2 (March 2, 2020): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v8i2.15686.

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Maize (Zea mays L.) is a plant of the Poaceae family, originating in Central America and cultivated in practically every region of the world. In Brazil, it is the most important cereal for the economy, but the productivity is lower when compared to other countries. This may be due to inadequate plant density per unit area, low soil fertility and spatial arrangement of plants. Thus, the development of better performance hybrids and changes in sowing density and spacing appear as techniques for increasing productivity without increasing production costs. Therefore, the objective of this work is to evaluate the agronomic performance of two maize hybrids as a function of plant population and row spacing in semiarid microclimate to identify those agronomic and microclimatic factors that influence it. Two simultaneous fieldwork were conducted in an experimental area, at the microregion of Paraíba swamp. A randomized complete block design was used with six treatments distributed in a 2 x 3 factorial scheme, resulting from the combination of two maize hybrids (H1 and H2) and three population densities (40,000, 60,000 and 80,000 plants.ha-1) for Experiment 1; and two maize hybrids (H1 and H2) and three spacings (0.40, 0.60 and 0.80 m) for Experiment 2. In general, the results of this study suggest that larger populations of maize provide significant increases in grain yield for microclimatic conditions Paraíba semiarid, and when environmental factors are not limiting.

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Oliveira, Andréa dos Santos, Maria Laene Moreira de Carvalho, Marcela Carlota Nery, João Almir Oliveira, and Renato Mendes Guimarães. "Seed quality and optimal spatial arrangement of fodder radish." Scientia Agricola 68, no. 4 (August 2011): 417–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162011000400005.

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Zartarian, F., C. Mustin, J. Y. Bottero, G. Villemin, F. Thomas, L. Aillères, M. Champenois, P. Grulois, and J. Manem. "Spatial arrangement of the components of activated sludge flocs." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 11 (December 1, 1994): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0565.

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The purpose of this work was to observe the internal structure of activated sludge flocs and the relationship between the different components. Activated sludge flocs from the municipal sewage treatment plant at Nancy (France) were physically stabilized and solidified in an epoxy resin. The flocs were sliced into 0.1 μm thick sections and stained for characterisation of components and exopolymers by transmission electron microscopy. One small floc (10 μm × 20 μm), embedded in resin, was chosen and studied using a laser scanning confocal microscope. The focal plane was incremented in steps of 2 μm along the z axis of the microaggregate. In order to extract quantitative data (number of cells, floc size) a numerical treatment of the images was applied. A typical floc exhibits an unhomogeneous distribution of the mass of the exocellular polymer matrix (mainly polysaccharides). This matrix maintains the integrity of the floc and connects most of the components. These components are isolated bacteria, waste and debris inherited from the effluent and microcolonies. The structure of the microflocs is fractal with a fractal dimension Df ≈ 3. This large value implies that the growth of the small aggregates is possibly generated by cellular division and polymer production.

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Laubach, Stephen E., Juliette Lamarche, Bertand D. M. Gauthier, and William M. Dunne. "Editorial: Spatial arrangement of faults and opening-mode fractures." Journal of Structural Geology 108 (March 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2018.01.008.

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Berretti, S., A. Del Bimbo, and E. Vicario. "Spatial arrangement of color in retrieval by visual similarity." Pattern Recognition 35, no. 8 (August 2002): 1661–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-3203(01)00161-3.

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Baqué, Pau Saldaña, and Mija Hubler. "Particle spatial arrangement metrics for near-crack-tip stress." Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics 104 (December 2019): 102386. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tafmec.2019.102386.

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Cromley, Robert G., and Ellen K. Cromley. "Cognitive Maps of Campus: Student Views of Spatial Arrangement." Journal of Geography 85, no. 2 (March 1986): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00221348608979152.

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Mollon, J. D., and J. K. Bowmaker. "The spatial arrangement of cones in the primate fovea." Nature 360, no. 6405 (December 1992): 677–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/360677a0.

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