Journal articles on the topic 'Spatial and morphological analysis'
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1
Soille, P., and P. Vogt. "MORPHOLOGICAL SPATIAL PATTERN ANALYSIS: OPEN SOURCE RELEASE." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVIII-4/W1-2022 (August 6, 2022): 427–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-4-w1-2022-427-2022.
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Abstract. The morphological segmentation of binary patterns provides an effective method for characterising spatial patterns with emphasis on connections between their parts as measured at varying analysis scales. The method is widely used for the analysis of landscape patterns such as those related to the fragmentation of forests or other natural land cover classes. This can be explained by its effectiveness at capturing the complexity of binary patterns and their connections by partitioning the foreground pixels of the corresponding binary images into mutually exclusive classes. While the principles of the method are conceptually simple, the definition of the classes relies on a series of advanced mathematical morphology operations whose actual implementation is not straightforward. In this paper, we propose an open source code for MSPA and detail its main components in the form of pseudo-code. We demonstrate its effectiveness for asynchronous processing of tera-pixel images and the synchronous exploratory analysis and rendering with Jupyter notebooks.
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Lin, Jinyao, Yijuan Zeng, and Yuqi He. "Spatial Optimization with Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis for Green Space Conservation Planning." Forests 14, no. 5 (May 17, 2023): 1031. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14051031.
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Conservation areas are essential for preserving green spaces and biological diversity. Although previous studies have demonstrated that spatial optimization techniques are effective for balancing the relationship between ecological importance and spatial pattern during conservation practices, the design of ecological corridors still requires an efficient, intelligent, and flexible workflow. In addition, functional connectivity information is usually unavailable or very difficult to obtain. To alleviate these problems, this paper has developed a new spatial optimization-based model that combines morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA) with ecological importance assessment. The consideration of MSPA can guarantee enough ecological corridors in the conservation plan, while the regions with higher ecological importance can be discovered through an ecological importance assessment. This method has been applied to the planning of conservation areas in a highly developed city. Several experiments have indicated that our proposed model could achieve much better performance than conventional models in terms of spatial pattern. Therefore, this new model is expected to assist decision processes during the planning and regulation of green spaces in fragmented urban ecosystems. Furthermore, it can be applied to ecological management and planning in many other aspects because the above-mentioned research gaps are not unique to only Asian or less-developed countries.
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Escoriza, Daniel, Santiago Poch, and Dani Boix. "Spatial Patterns in the Morphological Diversity of Madagascan Frogs." Ecologies 4, no. 3 (July 20, 2023): 499–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecologies4030032.
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Madagascar is a biodiversity hotspot, containing a large proportion of endemic species. To make conservation efforts more effective, it is necessary to understand the spatial distribution of this huge biodiversity. In this study, the patterns of morphological variation and diversity in the adult anurans of Madagascar were evaluated and compared across different climatic regions. These patterns were investigated for 370 species (2360 specimens), and the variation in 13 morphological traits obtained from taxonomic databases was assessed. The results revealed differences in body size distribution across climatic regions and that the most morphologically distinctive species occur in humid regions. The analysis also showed that anuran assemblages tend to be more species-rich, more morphologically diverse, and more morphologically clustered in tropical rainforests. These patterns are attributable to regional variations in the amount and seasonality of precipitation. An understanding of the complex patterns of spatial diversity could be useful for regional prioritization in the conservation of Madagascan anurans.
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Zeng, Suiping, Jiahao Zhang, and Jian Tian. "Analysis and Optimization of Thermal Environment in Old Urban Areas from the Perspective of “Function–Form” Differentiation." Sustainability 15, no. 7 (April 3, 2023): 6172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15076172.
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High-density urban areas have spatial characteristics, such as complex functions, population gathering, and complex forms, that lead to more severe urban heat island effects. Systematically evaluating the thermal environmental benefits of urban spatial forms to optimize the urban physical environment is important. In this study, Tianjin’s central urban area, which is a typical representative of high-density urban areas, was selected to invert the multi-period land surface temperature by relying on the existing two- and three-dimensional morphological data set of communities. The multi-scale geographically weighted regression model was used to fit the regression relationship between the urban land surface temperature and spatial morphological parameters. From this, the influencing factors of different types of existing community spaces and their spatial stabilities were explored. The results show the following: (1) The summer surface temperature varies greatly in the central urban area, and the high-temperature areas are mainly distributed in the industrial, residential, and commercial districts. (2) The MGWR model has the better model-fitting ability. The positive influence coefficients of temperature include ISP and BD, while the negative influence coefficients are BSD, BH, NDVI, and SVF. (3) There is significant spatial heterogeneity in the impact coefficients among the blocks that can be targeted to mitigate the heat island effect. This study provides ideas for optimizing the spatial morphological parameters of surface temperature in urban centers. Future challenges include increasing the spatial morphological parameter selection range, dissecting the interactive relationships between spatial morphological parameters and their effectiveness on the surface temperature, and refining the study’s spatial and temporal granularity.
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Mohamed, Syahidah Amni, Nor Zalina Harun, Nor Haslina Ja'afar, and Nurul Izzati Othmani. "Urban Morphological Analysis Framework for Sustainable Malay Town Transition in Response to COVID 19." International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability 9, no. 2-2 (July 14, 2022): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/ijbes.v9.n2-2.1023.
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Current approaches applied in the historical analysis on the morphological evolution of early Malay towns primarily focused on describing how cities were formed and transformed without much emphasis on how they can be analysed. Considering cities as urban organisms experiencing rapid growth, achieving a sustainable urban transition would be impossible without understanding the process of initial formation and spatial uniqueness that comprise the Malay town. However, analysing the particular kind of processes requires a comprehensive understanding of each hierarchical level of morphological elements, which, therefore, posed a greater challenge in excerpting Malay town's dynamic and organic growth pattern-development. This study attempt to develop the methodological process of urban morphological analysis framework concerning the Malay town context. With the adoption of the historic-geographical approach as the method of analysis, the study applied two different spatial scales as the basis of the analysis process, that is, plan-units analysis and morphological evolution analysis. The findings unveiled the inherent morphogenesis processes of Malay towns central to the spatial structure of Kota, represent a town that functioned as a territorial base with settlements of Kampung as the archetype of the morphological unit. Through depicting the spatial boundary of Dalam Kota and Luar Kota, the fixation line of the growth process in Malay town can be identified, which is imperative to the functioning system of the town. Accordingly, developing the systematic morphological analysis process aids in providing a clear and responsive strategy for managing the changing process of Malay towns to ensure a sustainable transition for resilient communities and territories
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Noyel, Guillaume, Jesús Angulo, and Dominique Jeulin. "MORPHOLOGICAL SEGMENTATION OF HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGES." Image Analysis & Stereology 26, no. 3 (May 3, 2011): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5566/ias.v26.p101-109.
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The present paper develops a general methodology for the morphological segmentation of hyperspectral images, i.e., with an important number of channels. This approach, based on watershed, is composed of a spectral classification to obtain the markers and a vectorial gradient which gives the spatial information. Several alternative gradients are adapted to the different hyperspectral functions. Data reduction is performed either by Factor Analysis or by model fitting. Image segmentation is done on different spaces: factor space, parameters space, etc. On all these spaces the spatial/spectral segmentation approach is applied, leading to relevant results on the image.
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Zhao, Zongtao, and Guofeng Dang. "Study on the Temporal and Spatial Evolution of Urban Spatial Morphological Features." Academic Journal of Science and Technology 5, no. 2 (March 19, 2023): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ajst.v5i2.6046.
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Based on the Landsat remote sensing images of the fourth phase of Xi'an, the land use data of ENVI interpretation and classification are used to extract the boundaries of Xi'an's built-up areas, and the urban spatial analysis method based on GIS is used to comprehensively analyze the evolution characteristics of urban space in Xi'an in the past 30 years. The research results show that the built-up area in Xi'an has been expanding rapidly since 2000, mainly in the form of extension, the shape of the built-up area tends to expand in all directions, and the overall compactness is low, and the efficiency of urban land use is significantly reduced. The overall development presents spread trend.
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Gunawan, Eveelyn Febe, Rony Gunawan Sunaryo, and Rully Damayanti. "SPATIAL MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS: DEVELOPMENT OF THE NORTH KREMBANGAN AREA, SURABAYA, INDONESIA." International Journal on Livable Space 9, no. 1 (May 21, 2024): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/livas.v9i1.19685.
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The North Krembangan area is an old city area in Surabaya, right next to the Kalimas River. This area has experienced several changes from time to time, both in terms of natural context, roads, blocks/lots, and buildings. These changes were influenced by several factors and actors, both from the Dutch government and from the Surabaya government due to the existence of several new needs that were no longer relevant in the conditions during the colonial era. Objectives: To identify the morphology of urban tissue in the North Krembangan area which consists of permanent, non-permanent elements and street front quality Methodology and Results: This research uses the urban tissue methodology by Romice et al as a theory that helps to analyze this area. Conclusion, Significance and Implications: This research found that although the North Krembangan area has relatively low street front quality, this area is still busy and active as a commercial center. Suggestions to improve the area were also made at the end of this research.
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Szmytkie, Robert. "Application of graph theory to the morphological analysis of settlements." Quaestiones Geographicae 36, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 65–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/quageo-2017-0036.
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Abstract In the following paper, the analyses of morphology of settlements were conducted using graph methods. The intention of the author was to create a quantifiable and simple measure, which, in a quantitative way, would express the degree of development of a graph (the spatial pattern of settlement). When analysing examples of graphs assigned to a set of small towns and large villages, it was noticed that the graph development index should depend on: a relative number of edges in relation to the number of nodes (β index), the number of cycles (urban blocks), which evidences the complexity of the spatial pattern of settlement, and the average rank of nodes of a graph, which expresses the degree of complexity of a street network.
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Sat, N. Aydan. "Polycentricity in a developing world: A micro-regional analysis for morphological polycentricity in Turkey." GeoScape 12, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 64–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/geosc-2018-0007.
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Abstract Following the publication of ‘European Spatial Development Perspective’ in 1999, a large number of theoretical and empirical studies have been carried out on polycentric spatial development especially in European settlements. The relationship between polycentricity and economic competitiveness, environmental sustainability and social cohesion are some of the main concerns of these studies. This study aims to clarify ‘the meaning of polycentricity’ in the case of Turkey, as a developing country and analyse the relationship between polycentric spatial development and economic competitiveness, environmental sustainability and social cohesion. After calculation of morphological polycentricity of the regions at NUTS-5 level, the propositions on the positive effects of polycentric spatial development on economic competitiveness, environmental sustainability and social cohesion is tested by using Pearson correlation and OLS regression models. The results of the empirical study are mixed for these three subjects. Polycentric spatial development has not positive effects on economic competitiveness and social cohesion in Turkey case. Conversely, a positive effect exists in terms of environmental sustainability. It can be said, that to reach those policy aims highlighted by European Spatial Development Perspective, could not be realised by only taken into account polycentric spatial development in Turkey case.
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Song, Tianci, Kathleen K. Markham, Zhuliu Li, Kristen E. Muller, Kathleen Greenham, and Rui Kuang. "Detecting spatially co-expressed gene clusters with functional coherence by graph-regularized convolutional neural network." Bioinformatics 38, no. 5 (December 2, 2021): 1344–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btab812.
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Abstract Motivation Clustering spatial-resolved gene expression is an essential analysis to reveal gene activities in the underlying morphological context by their functional roles. However, conventional clustering analysis does not consider gene expression co-localizations in tissue for detecting spatial expression patterns or functional relationships among the genes for biological interpretation in the spatial context. In this article, we present a convolutional neural network (CNN) regularized by the graph of protein–protein interaction (PPI) network to cluster spatially resolved gene expression. This method improves the coherence of spatial patterns and provides biological interpretation of the gene clusters in the spatial context by exploiting the spatial localization by convolution and gene functional relationships by graph-Laplacian regularization. Results In this study, we tested clustering the spatially variable genes or all expressed genes in the transcriptome in 22 Visium spatial transcriptomics datasets of different tissue sections publicly available from 10× Genomics and spatialLIBD. The results demonstrate that the PPI-regularized CNN constantly detects gene clusters with coherent spatial patterns and significantly enriched by gene functions with the state-of-the-art performance. Additional case studies on mouse kidney tissue and human breast cancer tissue suggest that the PPI-regularized CNN also detects spatially co-expressed genes to define the corresponding morphological context in the tissue with valuable insights. Availability and implementation Source code is available at https://github.com/kuanglab/CNN-PReg. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Kang, Sangjun, and Jin-Oh Kim. "Exploratory Analysis of Relationship between Developed Area Types and PM10 concentrations - A Case Study of 14 Municipalities in Gyeonggi-do -." Institute of Art & Design Research 25, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.59386/jadr.2022.25.2.1.
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The purpose of this study is to explore the ranking relationship between developed area types and PM10 concentration. The study site is 14 local governments in Gyeonggi-do, including Gwacheon, Gwangmyeong, Gwangju, Guri, Gunpo, Namyangju, Seongnam, Suwon, Anyang, Osan, Yongin, Uiwang, and Hanam.
Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis (MSPA) is performed to understand the morphological spatial pattern of the developed area. Each factor derived as a type of developed area is comparatively analyzed to PM10 concentration by using Spearman Correlation Analysis.
The main result is that the rank correlation value between the PM10 concentration and the morphological spatial pattern of developed area is very low or almost non-existent in a highly urbanized area. It implies that it might be difficult to observe a particular relationship between the urbanization rate, morphological patterns, and PM10 concentration in highly urbanized areas. It shows that the universal relationship with PM10 concentration can vary depending on the degree of urbanization of the study site.
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Ivanoff, Thomas A., and Jonathan D. Madison. "Using 3D Characterization and Serial Sectioning to Improve Materials Analysis." AM&P Technical Articles 178, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.amp.2020-01.p016.
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SU, JUNYING, YINGKUI LI, and QINGWU HU. "A NEW SPECTRAL–SPATIAL JOINTED HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGE CLASSIFICATION APPROACH BASED ON FRACTAL DIMENSION ANALYSIS." Fractals 27, no. 05 (August 2019): 1950079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218348x19500798.
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To maximize the advantages of both spectral and spatial information, we introduce a new spectral–spatial jointed hyperspectral image classification approach based on fractal dimension (FD) analysis of spectral response curve (SRC) in spectral domain and extended morphological processing in spatial domain. This approach first calculates the FD image based on the whole SRC of the hyperspectral image and decomposes the SRC into segments to derive the FD images with each SRC segment. These FD images based on the segmented SRC are composited into a multidimensional FD image set in spectral domain. Then, the extended morphological profiles (EMPs) are derived from the image set through morphological open and close operations in spatial domain. Finally, all these EMPs and FD features are combined into one feature vector for a probabilistic support vector machine (SVM) classification. This approach was demonstrated using three hyperspectral images in urban areas of the university campus and downtown area of Pavia, Italy, and the Washington DC Mall area in the USA, respectively. We assessed the potential and performance of this approach by comparing with PCA-based method in hyperspectral image classification. Our results indicate that the classification accuracy of our proposed method is much higher than the accuracies of the classification methods based on the spectral or spatial domain alone, and similar to or slightly higher than the classification accuracy of PCA-based spectral–spatial jointed classification method. The proposed FD approach also provides a new self-similarity measure of land class in spectral domain, a unique property to represent hyperspectral self-similarity of SRC in hyperspectral imagery.
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Soille, Pierre, and Laurent Misson. "Tree ring area measurements using morphological image analysis." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 31, no. 6 (June 1, 2001): 1074–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x01-025.
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This paper describes a semiautomatic methodology for measuring the areas of annual tree rings. The cross section of a tree stem is first prepared by sanding and dipping into polyethylene glycol to prevent it from cracking. A digital grey-scale image of the resulting stem disk is then acquired by a scanner at the spatial resolution of 600 dots per inch. This image is processed by a series of morphological image processing transformations so as to automatically outline the tree rings. User interaction is restricted to the correction of extraneous or missing boundaries generated by disturbing features such as knots and low-contrast or very narrow rings. The methodology has been developed for Picea abies (L.) Karst., and its applicability to other species is discussed.
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Gümüş, İmran, and Ebru Erdönmez. "IMPACT OF SPATIAL CONFIGURATION TO SPATIAL QUALITY: VENICE AND ISTANBUL." JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 45, no. 2 (December 13, 2021): 205–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jau.2021.14306.
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The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between spatial configuration and spatial quality, and how they affect each other. Spatial quality is a sophisticated concept and encompasses physical, social, economic, cultural and environmental components. Urban squares reflect these parameters and also play a decisive role in urban identity as areas of apparent urban culture and collective memory. Spatial configuration also determines the character of the squares as a result of morphological feature of cities. In the study, qualitative and quantitative methods are used together. Initially, the case study was conducted on two pier squares, San Marco Square (Venice) and Beşiktaş Square (Istanbul) according to fifty public space quality parameters. Secondly, morphological analysis was performed through space syntax method. It has been investigated whether there is a connection between spatial configuration and the factors determining the quality of space or not. As a result, it has been revealed that the spatial configuration is one of the determining factors being assessed the quality of the space, however, it does not provide sufficient data alone. The importance of this article is that it proposes an analytical approach that includes both quantitative and qualitative components of spatial quality.
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Suvannadabha, Pachara, Chawee Busayarat, and Thepchai Supnithi. "The Analytical Tools for Tourism Development through Social Media Data and Spatial Morphological Analysis." Nakhara : Journal of Environmental Design and Planning 21, no. 3 (December 27, 2022): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.54028/nj202221223.
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In the tourism sector, social media data help elucidate the travel behavior and activities of travelers through images and reviews. However, geospatial studies with spatial analysis tools such as GIS are still required by researchers who hope to gain beneficial insight into tourism development from such social media data. In addition to spatial studies, Space syntax analysis is used to explain the spatial characteristics and accessibility of both pedestrians and vehicles; however, the method doesn't consider how people use the space. Therefore, using social media with space syntax analysis will help enhance the understanding of both tourism and spatial aspects. This research aims to develop analytical tools to support tourism studies with the GIS (graphic information system) process using social media data analysis and spatial morphological results from space syntax analysis. The study found that the accessibility potential of a destination does not enhance the popularity of tourist attractions as much as relevant images or attractions due to many popular tourist attractions being located in areas with low potential accessibility. While the image processing and text processing results can extract hidden traits and identities in each attraction, another result is that the analytical tool developed in the study can help quantify tourism activities and perform preliminary content analysis of the data from text and Image processing through the GIS software. It is also used to overlay tourism activities and spatial morphology results in order to recognize the tourism development potential of the area in terms of destination image tourism activities and accessibilities. The tool produces useful results and assists in decision-making for the development of tourist attractions.
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Pruszak, Zbigniew, Jan Schönhofer, and Grzegorz Różyński. "SPATIOTEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF VARIATIONS OF CERTAIN MORPHOLOGICAL BEACH FORMS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 33 (October 25, 2012): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v33.sediment.82.
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The study is focused on spatiotemporal shoreline variability at a beach with a wide surf zone featuring 3-5 bars based on field observations done between 1983-2008 in the south Baltic Sea. The implementation of various analyses from simple geometry, through spectral analysis up to Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) allowed for a synergistic description of simultaneous shoreline and dune foot variability in space and time. The results include meso-scale and long-term phenomena with time scales from several months to many years and spatial scales ranking between a few hundred meters up to several kilometers.
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Li, Hongxiang, Ting Zhao, and Nan Ge. "Analysis of the Spatial Distribution Pattern of the Urban Landscape in the Central Plains under the Influence of Multiscale and Multilevel Morphological Geomorphology." Complexity 2021 (May 22, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6587764.
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This paper presents an in-depth analysis and research on the spatial distribution pattern of the urban landscape in the Central Plains digital landscape form and proposes an optimization scheme. Based on the basic theories of systematics and complexity, this paper analyzes the self-similar characteristics of urban morphology, establishes the concept of schema, and constructs a multiscale and multilevel morphological map research framework by drawing on the “planar pattern” morphological analysis method of the school and the “matrix, patch, and corridor” spatial expression model of landscape ecology. The framework of morphological map research at multiple scales has been established, and the theory and method of describing, understanding, judging, and analyzing morphological evolution have been formed. Cities have self-similarity at different scales, and urban evolution is a process of recursion from small-scale hierarchy to large-scale hierarchy, and hierarchy is a phenomenon presented by the natural evolution of cities. After any morphological process is completed, it can only be transformed into the other two ways, so the static morphological description can be transformed into dynamic morphological process analysis.
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Qin, Qi. "Analysis Of the Evolution of Urban Form in Modern Hefei City and Its Dynamics Mechanism." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 51 (May 16, 2023): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v51i.8262.
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As the capital of Anhui Province and the sub-center of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration, Hefei has been increasing its regional status in recent years, and the city's spatial planning has gradually matured and becomes unique. This paper takes Hefei city as an example to explore the process of urban morphological evolution and its dynamic mechanism, describe the unique fan-type morphology of the city, and discuss the key factors and laws of its spatial and morphological development. Results show that Hefei was mainly a "doughnut-shaped" city before the founding of the People's Republic of China. After its founding, Hefei gradually formed a "fan-shaped" urban, extending to the present. The "fan-shaped" urban form can be subdivided into three modes: one-center with three-fan, one-center with multiple-cluster, and double-center with multi-cluster. In terms of the dynamics of urban form, modern urban planning theory lays the foundation of spatial form development, industrial development is the main driving force of spatial form development, and the economic system is the way to regulate spatial form development. The current spatial form pattern of Hefei is the result of the interaction of these factors.
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MOVSESIAN, A. A. "METHODS OF KINSHIP ANALYSIS IN FOSSIL POPULATIONS." Moscow University Anthropology Bulletin (Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta Seria XXIII Antropologia), no. 1/2024 (April 12, 2024): 124–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.55959/msu2074-8132-24-1-11.
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Introduction. Identifying kinship relationships from skeletal remains is among the various objectives of bioarchaeological studies. This article focuses on reviewing the methods used to analyze biological kinship in human fossil populations through non-metric traits. Methods. Since direct molecular-genetic analysis of kinship is often highly challenging due to the poor preservation of ancient DNA, special attention in such studies is given to nonmetric phenotypic traits. Results. Research with osteological samples that have been documented provides compelling evidence that the level of morphological similarity between individuals is directly related to their degree of biological kinship. In cases where the pedigrees of osteological materials are fully or partially known, phenotypic data can be effectively used in lieu of genetic information. Discussion. The methodology developed for kinship analysis depends on the internal spatial structure of the cemetery being studied. When analyzing small burial sites, the aim is to determine if the people buried there are close relatives. Various methods are used in these analyses, including different techniques for determining the likelihood of kinship, cluster analysis, and correlation coefficients. Identifying kinship is most promising in burial sites where archaeological or historical indicators of biological relationships are present. Kinship analysis in spatially structured cemeteries is aimed at identifying families or social groups. The analysis of uniformly distributed cemeteries focuses on identifying closely related individuals in large burials without clearly defined subgroups. This involves spatial correlation analysis, which tests for significant correlation between the matrix of spatial distances and the matrix of phenotypic distances; various counting methods to test for non-random clustering of traits; the nearest neighbor method; and a non-spatial block search procedure that simultaneously identifies presumed relatives and the traits that indicate the degree of their kinship. Conclusion. Many problems in establishing kinship can be overcome with the availability of skeletal material accompanied by verified genealogical data. Unfortunately, skeletal remains with preserved documentation are quite rare, limiting the opportunities to study the inheritance of non-metric traits and the morphological similarity of biologically related individuals.
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Dewi Arini. "Analysis of Medan Sunggal Sub District Urban Spatial." International Journal of Architecture and Urbanism 4, no. 3 (November 30, 2020): 246–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/ijau.v4i3.5036.
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This study is intended to determine the state of the spatial urban city in an area. This analysis aims to determine the morphological face of the city to determine the movement and development of the city in the future. The study area is located in Medan Sunggal Sub District. Medan Sunggal sub-district is one of the sub-districts in the city of Medan which borders Deli Serdang. According to the RTRW for Medan City, this area has a land-use as a residential area, but there is also economic growth in the form of commercial areas along the roads in all villages in Medan Sunggal sub-district. The discussion on urban spatial analysis in Medan Sunggal sub-district uses figure-ground analysis and Von Thunen's zone theory.
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Yang, Xi, Ke Song, and Fuan Pu. "Laws and Trends of the Evolution of Traditional Villages in Plane Pattern." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (April 9, 2020): 3005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12073005.
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This study collected and analyzed dynamic spatial data of eight traditional villages scattered in different regions of China. A multi-temporal analysis of morphological metrics of spatial patterns and a regression analysis of the morphological evolution were used to analyze and contrast the historical spatial processes of different villages. These were then compared using patch texture and rural macro-morphology perspectives. This led to an assessment of the general laws and trends associated with rural spatial processes. (1) There has been a significant shift in the stability of rural spatial development since the founding of the People’s Republic of China (PRC). (2) Most small and medium-sized villages have maintained a relatively stable spatial texture, while large villages have changed significantly. (3) The mean and variance of the patch area, and the Euclidean nearest-neighbor distance, are correlated in some cases. (4) The mode of rural expansion may be relevant to limitations in the total area of growth. (5) The fractal dimension of the rural macro-morphology may follow a morphological order of oscillation around the equilibrium level. (6) The common mean value of the projected area of rural building patches is expected to be 100 m2.
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Jiao, Lu, Yifei Wu, Kailun Fang, and Xiaotian Liu. "Typo-Morphological Approaches for Maintaining the Sustainability of Local Traditional Culture: A Case Study of the Damazhan and Xiaomazhan Historical Area in Guangzhou." Buildings 13, no. 9 (September 15, 2023): 2351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13092351.
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This paper studies the spatial forms and cultural sustainability of the Damazhan and Xiaomazhan historical area, the only area that reflects the development of the assembled-clan hall culture in Guangzhou. In the face of modernization and reconstruction, traditional culture plays an increasingly crucial role in modern cities, determining the expression of architectural uniqueness and continuous development that adapts to social needs. Therefore, preserving cultural characteristics is more relevant than ever. This study combines historical literature research with typo-morphological analysis to establish analytical strategies that link cultural sustainability with spatial evolution from the perspective of sustainable development. The analytical framework consists of three parts: First of all, through historical literature research, a thorough analysis is conducted on the cultural and social influencing factors from the Dynasties of Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing and the Republic of China to the reform and opening up period. Secondly, feature elements of the location are extracted, and a typo-morphological approach is used to analyze the sustained changes in spatial forms. Finally, the relationship between changes in block form and building types and the inheritance and development of traditional culture are demonstrated. The analytical results indicate that the continuity of cultural characteristics is embodied in the continuity of the block and architectural spatial characteristics, while cultural transformation and man-made social factors affect the changes in spatial forms. This paper combines the perspective of cultural sustainability analysis with the traditional typo-morphological approaches of urban spatial analysis, supplementing the existing typo-morphological methodology. In addition, guiding the development of urban morphology from the perspective of cultural sustainability is of prominent practical significance.
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Ali, Lana Abubakr, and Faris Ali Mustafa. "Mosque Morphological Analysis: The Impact of Indoor Spatial–Volumetric Visibility on Worshipers’ Visual Comfort." Sustainability 15, no. 13 (June 30, 2023): 10376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151310376.
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One of the essential needs of humans that is influenced by architectural geometry is visibility in indoor areas. Prayer hall geometry dominates the mosque typology and morphology. The spatial–volumetric shapes of interior prayer halls affect worshipers’ visual comfort and spirituality. In this study, a new integrative framework is developed to quantitatively describe various mosque typo-morphologies affecting the visual comfort of worshipers, including spaciousness and consciousness, to obtain prayer hall typo-morphological patterns that may provide higher levels of visual comfort. Spatial and volumetric metrics from various prayer hall vantage points are used in this study. A two-dimensional isovist (VGA) map in depthmapX.10 collects spatial metrics, while the grasshopper script in Rhinoceros-7 collects 3D isovist volumetric metrics. The findings confirm the feasibility of creating a prominent area in barrier-free mosque layout designs centered on a central domed roof form.
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Florence, Laporterie, Flouzat Guy, and Amram Olivier. "THE MORPHOLOGICAL PYRAMID AND ITS APPLICATIONS TO REMOTE SENSING: MULTIRESOLUTION DATA ANALYSIS AND FEATURES EXTRACTION." Image Analysis & Stereology 21, no. 1 (May 3, 2011): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5566/ias.v21.p49-53.
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In remote sensing, sensors are more and more numerous, and their spatial resolution is higher and higher. Thus, the availability of a quick and accurate characterisation of the increasing amount of data is now a quite important issue. This paper deals with an approach combining a pyramidal algorithm and mathematical morphology to study the physiographic characteristics of terrestrial ecosystems. Our pyramidal strategy involves first morphological filters, then extraction at each level of resolution of well-known landscapes features. The approach is applied to a digitised aerial photograph representing an heterogeneous landscape of orchards and forests along the Garonne river (France). This example, simulating very high spatial resolution imagery, highlights the influence of the parameters of the pyramid according to the spatial properties of the studied patterns. It is shown that, the morphological pyramid approach is a promising attempt for multi-level features extraction by modelling geometrical relevant parameters.
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Tsoeleng, Lesiba Thomas, John Odindi, and Paidamwoyo Mhangara. "A Comparison of Two Morphological Techniques in the Classification of Urban Land Cover." Remote Sensing 12, no. 7 (March 28, 2020): 1089. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12071089.
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Understanding the often-heterogeneous land cover in urban areas is critical for, among other things, environmental monitoring, spatial planning, and enforcement. Recently, several earth observation satellites were developed with an enhanced spatial resolution that provides for precise and detailed representations of image objects. Morphological image analysis techniques provide useful tools for extracting spatial features from high-resolution, remotely sensed images. This study investigated the efficacy of mathematical morphological (MM) techniques in the land cover classification of a heterogeneous urban landscape using very high-resolution pan-sharpened Pleiades imagery. Specifically, the study evaluated two morphological profiles (MP) techniques (i.e., concatenation of morphological profiles (CMPs) and multi-morphological profiles (MMPs)) in the classification of a heterogeneous urban land cover. The overall accuracies for CMP were 83.14% and 83.19% over the two study areas. Similarly, the MMP overall accuracies were 84.42% and 84.08% for the two study sites. The study concluded that CMP and MMP can greatly improve the classification of heterogeneous landscapes that typify urban areas by effectively representing the structural landscape information necessary for discriminating related land cover classes. In general, similar and visually acceptable results were produced for land cover classification using either CMP or MMP image analysis techniques
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Dowlatshah, M., H. Ghassemian, and M. Imani. "SPATIAL-SPECTRAL MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURE EXTRACTION FOR HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGES CLASSIFICATION." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W18 (October 18, 2019): 315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w18-315-2019.
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Abstract. Remote sensing image classification is a method for labeling pixels to show the Land cover types. The ambiguity in the classification process can be reduced if the spatial dependencies, which exist among the adjacent pixels, are intelligently incorporated into the feature extraction process. One of the methods for spatial feature extraction is applying morphological filters. The basic idea of the morphological filters is comparison of structures within the image with a reference form called structural element. Four types of important morphological filters are included (dilation, erosion, opening, and closing) in this work. Opening morphological filter is used to extract spatial features where this filter is implemented by applying two successive sequences dilation and erosion operators. This filter removes the light areas smaller than the structural element in binary images; and in the gray level images, the areas smaller than the structural element and brighter than the neighboring regions are removed. Differential morphology filters are other important morphological filters, which are also used in this work. In the proposed method, the principal component analysis is used to reduce the data dimensions and an SVM classifier is applied to classify the hyperspectral data. The proposed method provides better classification results than the conventional morphological profile about 2%-5% for the University of Pavia and Pavia Center datasets. The results represent the good performance of the proposed method by using a small number of training samples.
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Kovács, K., and K. Hanke. "Recovering prehistoric woodworking skills using spatial analysis techniques." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences II-5/W3 (August 11, 2015): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-ii-5-w3-153-2015.
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Recovering of ancient woodworking skills can be achieved by the simultaneous documentation and analysis of the tangible evidences such as the geometry parameters of prehistoric hand tools or the fine morphological characteristics of well preserved wooden archaeological finds. During this study, altogether 10 different hand tool forms and over 60 hand tool impressions were investigated for the better understanding of the Bronze Age woodworking efficiency. Two archaeological experiments were also designed in this methodology and unknown prehistoric adzes could be reconstructed by the results of these studies and by the spatial analysis of the Bronze Age tool marks. Finally, the trimming efficiency of these objects were also implied and these woodworking skills could be quantified in the case of a Bronze Age wooden construction from Austria. The proposed GIS-based tool mark segmentation and comparison can offer an objective, user-independent technique for the related intangible heritage interpretations in the future.
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Chelebian, Eduard, Christophe Avenel, Kimmo Kartasalo, Maja Marklund, Anna Tanoglidi, Tuomas Mirtti, Richard Colling, et al. "Morphological Features Extracted by AI Associated with Spatial Transcriptomics in Prostate Cancer." Cancers 13, no. 19 (September 28, 2021): 4837. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13194837.
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Prostate cancer is a common cancer type in men, yet some of its traits are still under-explored. One reason for this is high molecular and morphological heterogeneity. The purpose of this study was to develop a method to gain new insights into the connection between morphological changes and underlying molecular patterns. We used artificial intelligence (AI) to analyze the morphology of seven hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained prostatectomy slides from a patient with multi-focal prostate cancer. We also paired the slides with spatially resolved expression for thousands of genes obtained by a novel spatial transcriptomics (ST) technique. As both spaces are highly dimensional, we focused on dimensionality reduction before seeking associations between them. Consequently, we extracted morphological features from H&E images using an ensemble of pre-trained convolutional neural networks and proposed a workflow for dimensionality reduction. To summarize the ST data into genetic profiles, we used a previously proposed factor analysis. We found that the regions were automatically defined, outlined by unsupervised clustering, associated with independent manual annotations, in some cases, finding further relevant subdivisions. The morphological patterns were also correlated with molecular profiles and could predict the spatial variation of individual genes. This novel approach enables flexible unsupervised studies relating morphological and genetic heterogeneity using AI to be carried out.
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Zheng, Fei, Yuqing Wang, Zhicheng Shen, and Yuetao Wang. "Research on the Correlations between Spatial Morphological Indices and Carbon Emission during the Operational Stage of Built Environments for Old Communities in Cold Regions." Buildings 13, no. 9 (August 31, 2023): 2222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13092222.
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The escalation of the urban population and energy demands has exacerbated the carbon emission intensity at the operational stage of urban old communities. The spatial elements of the built environments comprising building groups, roads and landscape, and the spatial morphology of these elements, are endowed not only with human activities but also impact local microclimates and overall carbon emissions. Nonetheless, little attention has been paid to the correlation mechanism between the spatial morphology of the urban built environments and carbon emissions. In this paper, the aim is to combine carbon emissions simulation and statistical analysis to find the correlation between the spatial morphological indices and carbon emissions and to bridge the gaps. Thus, guided by the principles of urban energy modeling, this research adopts a parametric process of “information model construction–carbon emission simulation–statistical analysis”. First, taking 60 typical samples of an old community in Jinan, China, as objects, morphological indices such as density, texture and layout are analyzed through regression analysis to highlight their impacts on carbon emissions. Then, a carbon emission prediction model based on spatial morphological indices is established and verified. The results show that the floor area ratio (FAR), building coverage ratio (BCR), enclosure degree (ED), shape factor (SF) and average road aspect ratio (AS) have significant impacts on carbon emissions during the operational stage. Among these indices, the FAR and the ED are identified as the pivotal influencers. The findings confirm the important role of spatial morphological design of old communities in cold regions in improving urban carbon reduction potential, and they provide theoretical underpinnings and empirical data as references for urban morphology design formulated within the context of low-carbon objectives.
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Sutarman, Sutarman, Martin L. Manda, and Hamzah A. Machmoed. "On Morphological Analysis of Spatial Deixis in Mǝriaq-mǝriqu Dialect of Sasak Language." ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities 3, no. 3 (September 25, 2020): 415–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.34050/elsjish.v3i3.11323.
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This paper concentrates on the spatial deixis and its morphological structures in Mǝriaq-mǝriqu dialect of Sasak language. It includes in a typological study with qualitative method. This research employs two forms of data; primary data and secondary data. The primary data include the information obtained from the informants from every dialect. Secondary data are the data obtained from any documents of Sasak language such as folklore. There are two methods of data collection; field linguistic method and library method. Of the two methods, there are two techniques used in collecting data: Observation and interview. The results of this study accommodated all types of demonstratives by Diessel (1999) and Dixon (1988) and discover some new types contributing to the theory. The types of spatial deixis in this dialect are pronominal, adnominal, quantifier, intensifier, identificational, adverbial, verbal, and referential. In term of morphological structure, the demonstrative in this dialect is constructed of some affixes and the combination of two or more spatial deixis. Nominal demonstrative usually becomes stem of other demonstratives. Quantifier is constructed of prefix ‘se-‘plus manner demonstrative adverb(MDA). Intensifier is constructed of prefix ‘s-‘ plus pronominal, LDA is constructed of prefix ‘n-‘ plus pronominal for proximal, MDA is constructed of prefix ‘mer-‘ and ‘m-‘ plus pronominals, verbal demonstrative is constructed of confix ‘pe-q’ plus MDA, Referential demonstrative is constructed of MDA plus suffix ‘-q’.
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شایان, سیاوش, محمد شریفی کیا, and ناهید ناصری. "Analysis of Morphological Factors in the Changes of Spatial Patterns of Alvand River." geographical researches quarterly journal 32, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 24–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18869/acadpub.geores.32.1.24.
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Zhaohui Xue, Jun Li, Liang Cheng, and Peijun Du. "Spectral–Spatial Classification of Hyperspectral Data via Morphological Component Analysis-Based Image Separation." IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 53, no. 1 (January 2015): 70–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2014.2318332.
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Imani, Maryam, and Hassan Ghassemian. "Discriminant analysis in morphological feature space for high-dimensional image spatial–spectral classification." Journal of Applied Remote Sensing 12, no. 01 (February 19, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.jrs.12.016024.
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Tapia, César, Elena Torres, Nelly Paredes, and Mauricio Parra-Quijano. "Morphological and ecogeographical diversity analysis of maize germplasm in the high altitude Andes region of Ecuador." Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization 19, no. 3 (June 2021): 183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262121000125.
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AbstractThe Andean region of Ecuador is the place of origin of many maize landraces grouped into 24 races. Definition of priorities for maize diversity conservation in this region can be supported by the spatial identification of areas with a high eco-geographical and phenotypic diversity. Six hundred thirty-six maize samples were morphologically characterized using 14 descriptors and assigned to a distinctive race. Additionally, sampled farms were characterized by 12 environmental variables. From these data, maps of morphological and eco-geographical diversity were obtained by using techniques to determine eco-geographical and phenotypic distances and applying them to each geographical neighbourhood. The races Patillo Ecuatoriano, Racimo de Uva and Uchima exhibited high intra-racial morphological variation, particularly in the shape of the ear, kernel row layout, cob diameter and total kernel number. The highest number of different races was observed in Imbabura, Azuay and Chimborazo provinces. The highest levels of morphological diversity were found in three cells (10 × 10 km), located in Pichincha, Chimborazo and Loja provinces. Two ecological niches, located in Loja province, showed high levels of eco-geographical diversity. A comparison between diversity maps revealed shared hotspots of morphological and eco-geographical diversity in the central and southwest areas of Imbabura province. The Andean highlands of Ecuador are an optimal refuge for the conservation of maize diversity, and the criteria of eco-geographical and morphological diversity and race richness should be considered when defining priority in situ conservation areas.
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Anees, Mangalasseril Mohanmmad, Ellen Banzhaf, Jingxia Wang, and Pawan Kumar Joshi. "Quality Index Approach for Analysis of Urban Green Infrastructure in Himalayan Cities." Land 12, no. 2 (January 18, 2023): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12020279.
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In fast urbanizing cities, fragmentation of urban green infrastructure (UGI) commonly arises due to lack of efficient planning to maintain the quantity and improve their quality. As ecological processes and landscape patterns are closely intertwined, it is a prerequisite to investigate landscape structure when aiming at better provision of ecosystem services. This study integrates remote sensing, geographic information system, combination of landscape metrics, and multi-variated statistics to delineate structural attributes influencing UGI Quality (UGIQ). We exemplify our methodology in three capital cities of Indian Himalayan states at administrative ward level. The UGIQ is derived by comparing landscape characters defined by nine metrics denoting area, shape, and aggregation attributes. By employing principal component analysis (PCA) and multi-collinearity diagnosis, a set of quality defining metrics are obtained for each city. Further, to gain insightful spatial basis for improving connectivity, Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis (MSPA) is used to visualize and classify patches into seven morphological classes. Landscape characterization highlights a pattern of low-quality wards having a limited number and area of UGI patches in urban centers, and high-quality wards with complex and aggregated patches towards fringes. PCA identifies the positive influence of area (LPI, AREA_MN) and shape (LSI, FRAC_AM, CONTIG) metrics and negative influence of patch distance (ENN_MN) and fragmentation (PD) on UGIQ in different combinations across the cities. Higher shares of morphological core and edge classes are recognized for overall UGIQ improvement. The results provide quantitative measures to develop integrated spatial planning strategies.
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Mohammed, Shaimaa Sarwar. "GIS-based Spatial Analysis of the Evolution of Residential Developments; A Case-study of Sulaimani city, Iraq." Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research 8, no. 2 (September 4, 2023): 8–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24017/science.2023.2.2.
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This research is aimed at visualizing the historical evolution of residential landuse development of Sulaimani city based on GIS spatial analysis with the input of all of the relevant available data in various formats in order to determine the form of the city according to morphological classifications discussed in the literature of urban planning.
Essentially, following the collection of data, processing, review of relevant literature and applied methods, this study draws a timeline for the spatial evolution of the city of Sulaimani in addition to constricting a spatial grid for morphological comparison of different growth stages and analysis on multiple aspects. Moreover, a number of criteria were established to evaluate spatial patterns based on published theories in the field of landuse urban planning. These indicators were formulated in a questionnaire survey and determined the main aspects of the city through visualizing the process of historical evolution up to modern date.
Finally, the study presents transformations and addresses current issues, as well as recommends a number of possible solutions for residential landuse development in the city of Sulaimani.
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Urquhart, S. G., H. W. Ade, G. E. Mitchell, L. Wilson, E. G. Rightor, M. Dineen, A. P. Hitchcock, and U. Neuhaeusler. "Analysis of the Spatial Variation of Crosslink Density in Superabsorbent Polymers." Microscopy and Microanalysis 4, S2 (July 1998): 816–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s143192760002420x.
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Superabsorbent polymers are often designed with increased density of crosslinking in the outer layer of the particles in order to improve liquid retention under load. For efficient product design, it is desirable to directly measure the spatial variation in crosslink density. Typically employed techniques (such as solvent uptake or measuring the changes in various mechanical properties such as the modulus) do not provide spatially resolved crosslink density information. We have applied Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy to examine the swelling of inhomogenously crosslinked superabsorbent polymers in deionized water and salt water solution.Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy (STXM) is an effective way to study the chemical and morphological character of polymers on a sub micron spatial scale.1 STXM image contrast is based on core electron excitation by x-ray absorption; an interaction that has remarkable chemical sensitivity. Beam damage is less than in TEM microscopes and samples can be examined in wet and in ambient conditions.
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Shepeleva, Irina P. "The pupil of the camera-like eyes of terrestrial gastropod mollusks (Heterobranchia, Stylom-matophora)." Ruthenica, Russian Malacological Journal 33, no. 3 (July 1, 2023): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.35885/ruthenica.2023.33(3).1.
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In terrestrial pulmonate gastropods Cochlodina laminata, Monachoides incarnata, Helicigona lapicida, Arianta arbustorum, Cepaea hortensis, Trochulus hispidus and Succinea putris, the morphological properties of the pupil of camera-like eyes were studied for the first time: location, spatial orientation, change in spatial orientation, structure, shape, shape change, relative size, change in relative size. Several methods were used in the work: making of preparations of isolated eyes, making of histological preparations of eyes, light microscopy, morphometric analysis, statistical analysis, calculations. All the studied morphological properties of the pupil of the camera-like eyes of C. laminata, M. incarnata, H. lapicida, A. arbustorum, C. hortensis and T. hispidus are similar to the analogous morphological properties of the pupil of the camera-like eyes of other species of terrestrial pulmonates. One of the studied morphological properties of the pupil of the camera-like eye of S. putris – the relative size – differs from the analogous morphological property of the pupil of the camera-like eyes of other species of terrestrial pulmonates.
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Gupta, Anushka, Stephen Williams, Lauren Gutgasell, Benton Veire, Ace Santiago, Hardeep Singh, Rena Chan, et al. "Spatially resolved whole-transcriptome analysis with simultaneous highly multiplexed immune cell epitope detection in multiple cancer tissues." Journal of Immunology 210, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2023): 251.04. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.210.supp.251.04.
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Abstract The tumor microenvironment is composed of highly heterogeneous niches, often with varying degrees of immune infiltration. The spatial distribution of immune cells with respect to malignant cells can directly impact patient prognosis and overall survival outcomes. The Visium CytAssist Spatial Gene Expression assay uses a whole transcriptome probe-based approach, termed RTL, to detect and quantify mRNA expression with spatial context. Although examination of the tumor microenvironment with an RTL-based spatial assay can provide significant transcriptomic information concerning regions of interest, immune cells frequently have extremely low mRNA expression levels and can be difficult to detect. The use of antibody-conjugated probes specific to immune cell epitopes, which are highly expressed, can enhance data recovered from these tumor samples, enabling spatially accurate detection of immune populations. The Visium CytAssist Spatial Proteogenomic Solution enables identification of immune-specific epitopes via antibody-conjugated probes from the same tissue slide used for transcriptomic analysis. Using the CytAssist workflow, we showcase the ability to comprehensively resolve immune cells associated with multiple immune and tumor tissues, including an array of human breast cancer punches. Spatial expression patterns of immune markers map back to distinct morphological features within the samples, allowing identification of differentially-expressed genes associated with those areas. Overall, these data highlight the value of Visium CytAssist Spatial Proteogenomic Solution in immuno-oncology studies, through the integration of spatially resolved transcriptomic and immune cell marker data.
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Jiang, Yunfang, Jing Huang, Tiemao Shi, and Hongxiang Wang. "Interaction of Urban Rivers and Green Space Morphology to Mitigate the Urban Heat Island Effect: Case-Based Comparative Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 21 (October 29, 2021): 11404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111404.
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The spatial morphology of waterfront green spaces helps generate cooling effects to mitigate the urban heat island effect (UHI) in metropolis cities. To explore the contribution and influence of multi-dimensional spatial indices on the mitigation of UHIs, the green space of the riparian buffer along 18 river channels in Shanghai was considered as a case study. The spatial distribution data of the land surface temperature (LST) in the study area were obtained by using remote sensing images. By selecting the related spatial structure morphological factors of the waterfront green space as the quantitative description index, the growth regression tree model (BRT) was adapted to analyze the contribution of various indexes of the waterfront green space on the distribution of the LST and the marginal effect of blue–green synergistic cooling. In addition, mathematical statistical analysis and spatial analysis methods were used to study the influence of the morphological group (MG) types of riparian green spaces with different morphological characteristics on the LST. The results showed that in terms of the spatial structure variables between blue and green spaces, the contribution of river widths larger than 30 m was more notable in decreasing the LST. In the case of a larger river width, the marginal effect of synergistic cooling could be observed in farther regions. The green space that had the highest connectivity degree and was located in the leeward direction of the river exhibited the lowest LST. In terms of the spatial morphology, the fractional cover values of the vegetation (Fv) and area (A) of the green space were the main factors affecting the cooling effect of the green space. For all MG types, a large green patch that had a high green coverage and connectivity degree, as well as was distributed in the leeward direction of the river, corresponded to the lowest LST. The research presented herein can provide methods and development suggestions for optimizing spatial thermal comfort in climate adaptive cities.
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Seo, Youngwook, Bosoon Park, Seung-Chul Yoon, Kurt C. Lawrence, and Gary R. Gamble. "Morphological Image Analysis for Foodborne Bacteria Classification." Transactions of the ASABE 61, no. 1 (2018): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.11800.
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Abstract. The hyperspectral imaging methods used previously for analyzing food quality and safety focused on spectral data analysis to elucidate the spectral characteristics relevant to the quality and safety of food and agricultural commodities. However, the use of spatial information, including physical size, geometric characteristics, orientation, shape, color, and texture, in hyperspectral imaging analysis of food safety and quality has been limited. In this study, image processing techniques were employed for extracting information related to the morphological features of fifteen different foodborne bacterial species and serotypes, including eight Gram-negatives and seven Gram-positives, for classification. The values of nine morphological features (maximum axial length, minimum axial length, orientation, equivalent diameter, solidity, extent, perimeter, eccentricity, and equivalent circular diameter) of bacterial cells were calculated from their spectral images at 570 nm, which were selected from hyperspectral images at 89 wavelengths based on peak scattering intensity. First, two classes (Gram-negative and Gram-positive) were classified using a support vector machine (SVM) algorithm, resulted in a classification accuracy of 82.9% and kappa coefficient (kc) of 0.65. Thereafter, a classification model was developed with two features (cell orientation and perimeter) selected by principal component analysis. In addition, a decision tree (DT) algorithm was used for classification with all nine morphological features. With respect to differentiation into two classes (Gram-positive and Gram-negative), the classification accuracy for five selected bacteria species (, , Typhimurium, , and ) decreased to 80.0% (0.74 of kc) with the DT algorithm and to only 72.5% (0.64 of kc) with the SVM algorithm. Thus, the hyperspectral microscopy image analysis with morphological features is limited for classifying foodborne pathogens, so additional spectral features would be helpful for classification of foodborne bacteria. Keywords: Bacteria, Classification, E. coli, Food safety, Foodborne pathogen, Hyperspectral microscopy, Morphology, Salmonella.
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Lian, Zixuan, and Xianhui Feng. "Urban Green Space Pattern in Core Cities of the Greater Bay Area Based on Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis." Sustainability 14, no. 19 (September 28, 2022): 12365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141912365.
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Urban green spaces (UGSs) play a crucial role in supporting urban ecological systems and improving human well-being in cities. The spatial patterns of UGS are vital bases for analyzing various ecological processes. However, few studies have investigated morphological UGS patterns, especially in high-density cities. The Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) in China is one of the four major bay areas in the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the patterns and distributions of UGS in the core GBA cities (Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Hong Kong, and Macao), and discuss the shortcomings and potential environmental impacts of the contemporary patterns of UGS. Morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA) was used to analyze the spatial UGS pattern. Seven MSPA metrics (core, islet, perforation, edge, loop, bridge, and branch) were assessed to measure morphological UGS patterns. The results showed that: (1) Hong Kong has the highest quality habitat, with a large and continuous distribution of UGSs, and a few smaller green spaces scattered in built-up areas; (2) Guangzhou’s UGSs are unevenly distributed, with large green spaces concentrated in the northern part of the city and many small, scattered green spaces distributed in built-up areas, demonstrating the most prominent pattern of green space fragmentation; (3) green space patches in the Shenzhen–Hong Kong region exhibit a relatively complex form; and (4) the UGS in Zhuhai–Macao is relatively discrete, and its connectivity is relatively low. These findings not only improve the depth of understanding of the spatial pattern of UGS in the GBA, but also confirm the applicability of MSPA in the analysis of spatial patterns of UGS.
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Wang, Hefei, and Zongping Pei. "Urban Green Corridors Analysis for a Rapid Urbanization City Exemplified in Gaoyou City, Jiangsu." Forests 11, no. 12 (December 21, 2020): 1374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11121374.
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The undergoing trend and development towards urbanization and the consequences of socio-ecological and climate change are increasing the pressure on cities worldwide. The planning of urban green and blue spaces is essential for sustainable urban development, especially for the conservation of urban ecosystems in fast-growing cities. In this context, the spatial-explicit and ecological connectivity analyses of urban green infrastructure are helpful tools for planning and the evaluation of spatial patterns and their changes for the sustainability of urban development. The aim of this study is to understand the influence of urban expansion on the urban green corridors. In this paper, we present an analysis of ecological networks for green infrastructure planning at the city level, making the most out of morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA) techniques and social-ecological analysis methods. The findings reveal the changes of spatial patterns of urban green and blue areas in Gaoyou city and disclose its ecological corridors and connectivity from 1990 to 2012. The urban green corridors analysis method proposed here can be used in other cities and allow for the production of spatially detailed urban ecological connectivity assessment and monitoring. Recommendations to enhance and conserve green corridors and ecological networks such as reserving networks in the east of the example city have been concluded. The conclusion obtained using our spatial analysis method can be used in other municipalities to serve as spatial-explicit tools for urban green spaces and land use planning.
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Ţălu, Ştefan, Alicja Rąplewicz, Sebastian Stach, Mihai Ţălu, and Daniela Vintilă. "3-D Morphological Analysis of Carbon-Nickel Nanocomposite Thin Films." Applied Mechanics and Materials 896 (February 2020): 311–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.896.311.
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The study's aim was to identify the 3-D surface spatial parameters that describe the 3-D surface microtexture of the nickel–carbon (Ni–C) nanocomposite thin films composed of Ni nanoparticles with different average sizes embedded in amorphous hydrogenated carbon, prepared by the combining radio frequency magnetron sputtering technique and plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (RF-PECVD). The deposition time was varied at 7, 10 and 13 min, respectively. The sample investigation was performed using an atomic force microscope, and the obtained data were analyzed and visualized using MountainsMap® Premium software to determine their stereometric surface engineering characteristics. The results from this study provide not only fundamental insights into the texture characteristics, but also directions toward their implementation in nanotribological models.
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Jarmusch, A. K., C. R. Ferreira, L. S. Eberlin, and V. Pirro. "187 OVARIAN CYCLE LIPID DYNAMICS REVEALED BY DESI-MS IMAGING AND MORPHOLOGICALLY-DRIVEN MULTIVARIATE STATISTICS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 27, no. 1 (2015): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv27n1ab187.
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Understanding the role of lipid metabolism in ovarian physiology is crucial for the progression of reproductive biotechnology. The aim in this work was to explore the lipid composition and dynamics of ovarian tissue, specifically the stroma, follicles, and corpora lutea. Desorption electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry (DESI-MS), an ambient ionization technique, was applied in this investigation, acquiring chemical and spatial information simultaneously. A morphologically-friendly solvent, dimethylformamide-acetonitrile (1 : 1), was used for DESI-MS imaging which allowed for ovarian lipid characterisation and subsequent staining (hematoxylin and eosin) providing morphological information. By this approach, regions-of-interest (ROI) were selected from bovine (n = 8), swine (n = 3), and mice (n = 5) ovaries (including pre-pubescent and cycling adults) based on the stained morphological structures. ROI for stroma (n = 54), follicles (n = 89), and corpora lutea (n = 61) were selected and chemically profiled. Tissue sections (20 μm) were thaw mounted onto glass microscope slides and stored at –80°C until analysis. A linear ion trap mass spectrometer equipped with a custom DESI-MS imaging stage was operated in the negative ion mode (m/z 200 to 1000). A 300 × 300 µm pixel size was used in DESI-MS imaging of ovarian tissue. Hyperspectral DESI images were reconstructed and processed by principal component analysis (PCA) that allowed visualisation of relationships among spatial (i.e. morphology) and chemical features. Ions indicated by PCA were analysed using univariate analysis (ANOVA), supporting the significance of particular lipids between morphological structures, e.g. adrenic acid (P = 1.7 × 10–8) and m/z 836 (P = 8.9 × 10–9) between corpora lutea and follicles. All morphological structures could be differentiated by multivariate statistics (>90% prediction rate) independent of the species, indicating conserved lipid constitution. Smaller differences in the lipid profiles were noted between species, poly-ovulatory and mono-ovulatory species, and reproductive maturation. A large variety and abundance of lipids was observed in corpora lutea and follicles, where steroidogenesis is a prominent physiological activity. Additional insight into ovarian physiology was gained with the detection of arachidonic and adrenic acid. The spatial relationship of arachidonic and adrenic acid with the corpora lutea – the former is a known prostaglandin precursor and key signalling molecule in steroidogenesis regulation and the latter is metabolized in the prostaglandin pathway by the same enzymes – suggests the latter may also have a role in steroidogenesis regulation, previously unseen in ovarian physiology. DESI-MS imaging with morphologically-driven statistical analysis proved efficient in relating and interpreting the chemical and morphological features. This methodology can by further applied to unravel complex ovarian-related physiological mechanisms and to other physiological and physiopathological models.
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Helm, Carina, Marwan A. Hassan, and David Reid. "Characterization of morphological units in a small, forested stream using close-range remotely piloted aircraft imagery." Earth Surface Dynamics 8, no. 4 (November 4, 2020): 913–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-913-2020.
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Abstract. Forested, gravel-bed streams possess complex channel morphologies which are difficult to objectively characterize. The spatial scale necessary to adequately capture variability in these streams is often unclear, as channels are governed by irregularly spaced features and episodic processes. This issue is compounded by the high cost and time-consuming nature of field surveys in these complex fluvial environments. In larger streams, remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) have proven to be effective tools for characterizing channels at high resolutions over large spatial extents, but to date their use in small, forested streams with closed forest canopies has been limited. This paper seeks to demonstrate an effective method for classifying channel morphological units in small, forested streams and for providing information on the spatial scale necessary to capture the dominant spatial morphological variability of these channels. This goal was achieved using easily extractable data from close-range RPA imagery collected under the forest canopy (flying height of 5–15 m above ground level; ma.g.l.) in a small (width of 10–15 m) stream along its 3 km of salmon-bearing channel. First, the accuracy and coverage of RPA for extracting channel data were investigated through a subcanopy survey. From these survey data, relevant cross-sectional variables (hydraulic radius, sediment texture, and channel slope) were extracted from high-resolution point clouds and digital elevation models (DEMs) of the channel and used to characterize channel unit morphology using a principal component analysis-clustering (PCA-clustering) technique. Finally, the length scale required to capture dominant morphological variability was investigated from an analysis of morphological diversity along the channel. The results demonstrate that subcanopy RPA surveys provide a viable alternative to traditional ground-based survey approaches for mapping morphological units, with 87 % coverage of the main channel stream bed achieved. The PCA-clustering analysis provided a comparatively objective means of classifying channel unit morphology with a correct classification rate of 85 %. An analysis of the morphological diversity along the surveyed channel indicates that reaches of at least 15 bankfull width equivalents are required to capture the channel's dominant morphological heterogeneity. Altogether, the results provide a precedent for using RPA to characterize the morphology and diversity of forested streams under dense canopies.
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Pinto, Erveton Pinheiro, Robert S. Matos, Marcelo A. Pires, Lucas dos Santos Lima, Ştefan Ţălu, Henrique Duarte da Fonseca Filho, Shikhgasan Ramazanov, Shahram Solaymani, and Claudio Larosa. "Nanoscale 3D Spatial Analysis of Zirconia Disc Surfaces Subjected to Different Laser Treatments." Fractal and Fractional 7, no. 2 (February 6, 2023): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract7020160.
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We propose the application of morphological, fractal and multifractal analysis to differentiate surface patterns on zirconia-based ceramics after laser treatments. Furthermore, we introduce two new approaches for ceramic surfaces: the Moran correlogram, which complements the spatial autocorrelation analyses, and the Otsu binarization algorithm, which was used to identify the lacunar points in the lacunarity analysis. First, the AFM (Atomic Force Microscope) topographies revealed that samples have significant differences in terms of spatial features. Quantitatively, spatial surface texture parameters indicated that all laser treatments reduced the superficial isotropy of the Zirconia disc. Moran’s correlograms revealed a decrease in the short-range correlation in all treated samples. The Minkowski functionals (MFs) indicated a reduction in the amount of matter in the peaks, especially for the sample with Nd-YAG laser treatment. The estimated fractal dimension (FD) pointed out that all laser treatments weakened the surface complexity of the Zirconia disc. On the other hand, clear fingerprints of multifractal behavior in all the samples were detected, where the highest degree of multifractality was computed for the samples with CO2 laser treatment. Finally, our findings suggested that the morphological changes caused by laser treatments on the surfaces of zirconia discs can be monitored and differentiated through the parameters proposed here.
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Lei, Yalun, Hongtao Zhou, Meng Wang, and Chuan Wang. "Analysis on Spatial Characteristics and the Adaptation Mechanism of Miao Traditional Settlement in Qiandongnan, China." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (October 4, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6293833.
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In the farming era, the ancestors of Miao moved to a mountainous area in Qiandongnan to avoid wars. When they started their settlement construction, people gave priority to how to deal appropriately with the great survival pressure they were facing. This paper uses the methods GIS spatial analysis, morphological index, and spatial syntax to explain the spatial characteristics of Miao traditional settlements from the perspective of both regional scale and individual settlement and explores the adaptation mechanism. The results show that (1) spatial distribution of settlements shows a tendency of agglomeration and significant spatial heterogeneity; the maximum kernel density is in the Leikaitai area, which is featured by an inclined “T” shape; (2) settlements are concentrated in areas mainly around Qingshui River and Duliu River, with an elevation of 500–1000 m, terrain relief of 10–20 m, and the slope of 5–15°; (3) the external boundary of settlement is mainly finger-shaped and buildings showed a large concentration of small distribution; and (4) settlements have generally formed an overall landscape pattern of “mountain-water-field-forest-building,” with the space center appearing inside the settlements and the road connecting the outside of the settlement. This paper summarizes the intrinsic relationship among settlements’ spatial characteristics, the natural environment, and the social and economic environment and concludes the internal morphological evolution of the settlement which has shifted from survival adaptability to active search for development. The results of this research can provide a valuable reference for traditional settlement protection, utilization, and sustainable development.